principles of communication chapter 3: perception and self
TRANSCRIPT
Principles of Communication
Chapter 3: Perception and Self
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SCOPE
Chapter 3 Lecture and Discussion:• Describe Self-identity and Motivation• Realise Importance of Knowing Oneself• Discuss Impact of Perception on Professional
and Personal Lives
Chapter 3 Case Study• Instructor Review• Student Q&A
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“We see the world, not as it is, but as we are” – Talmud (or Anais Nin)
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow "A Theory of Human Motivation"
In 1943"What a man can be, he must be.“Maslow, 1954
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Noisy?
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3.3 Concepts of Self, Perception, and Communication
• “Who am I?”
“Am I what other people say I am,
or am I who I say I am?”
• Profound questions…..
How we answer them depends both on
• how we see ourselves and• how others see us.
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3.3 Self-Concept• Your self-concept is how you think and feel about
yourself.
• Our sense of self comes from our communication with others.
Your culture tells you
what is right or wrong,
and what is beautiful
or ugly…
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3.3 Self-Concept
• Tarzan is a story about a man who thinks he is an ape because he was raised by apes.
• We are products of our environments.
Our parents, our friends, and our teachers all tell us who we are through reflected appraisals – messages we get about ourselves from others – as well as what to say… scripts.
– “Say thank you to the nice lady”
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3.3 Self-Concept
• Most reflected appraisals come from things people say.
• Your college speech instructor may say you are a good speaker…
…your peers may say you are a good
friend…
• …and your coach may tell you that you must work harder. • These create your self-concept.
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3.3 Self-Concept
• Good or bad decisions become
self-fulfilling prophecies – events or actions that occur because we expect them.
Positive messages = Positive self-conceptPositive self-concept = good decisions
Negative messages = Negative self-conceptNegative self-concept = bad decisions
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3.3 Self-Concept
• When we compare ourselves with others to see how we measure up, we are making social comparisons.
“Do I look as good as she does?”
“What grade did you get on your midterm?”
At some point in your life, you begin to see yourself in your own way… self-perception.
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3.3 Self-Concept
• For most of us, psychological safety – the approval and support that we get from familiar people, ideas, and situations – is important.
• A psychological risk involves taking a chance on something new.
• Taking a psychological risk helps improve one’s self-concept… hopefully.
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3.4 Improving Self-Concept• Look in the self-improvement section of
any bookstore or library….
• Books will not improve your self-concept… only you can do that.
Internet chat and social networking are not the answer.
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The ICEBERG Model
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The JOHARI Window
Luft, J. and Ingham, H. (1955) “The Johari window, a graphic model of interpersonal awareness”,
open arena
hidden - facade
blind spot
(POTENTIAL)
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3.5 Perception
• While your self-concept is how you see yourself, perception is how you look at others and the world around you.
• How you look at the world depends on what
you think of yourself, and what you
think of yourself will influence
how you look at the world.
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3.5 Perception Process
select
the information
organize it
interpret it
Perception is a THREE STEP PROCESS
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3.5 Perception
• Look at these three triangles…
• These expectations or predispositions to respond are a type of perceptual filter called psychological sets.
• What you see is what you expect to see.
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3.5 Perception
• Deletions - blotting out, erasing, or canceling information—must occur first, – because your physical senses are limited– because of your beliefs
• Additions are added to meet expectations.• Distortions adapt information to fit our needs
Consider GESTALT“the whole is greater than theSUM of the PARTS”
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3.5 b Visual Perception - GestaltFigure / Ground
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3.5 b Visual Perception - GestaltClosure
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3.6 b Visual Perception - GestaltProximity
Continuity
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Similarity
rows or columns?
3.5 b Visual Perception - Gestalt
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3.5 b Visual Perception - Gestalt
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3.5 Perception
• Generalizations involve drawing principles or conclusions from particular evidence or facts.
• All future experiences are filtered through that belief, information that contradicts the belief is deleted, and you distort other information so it will support the belief… what we call perceptual filters.
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BREAK!
• Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your term paper focus.
• Enjoy!
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Take a break!
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Handout Review
• You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions.
• Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible.
• You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.
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HOMEWORK!
• Go to the copy shop next to the canteen and get a copy of Unit 4: Listening.
• Read Unit 4 and complete sections 4.1 Key Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Review: Case Study.
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