preservation technologies for fresh fruits and vegetables: cold storage, modified atmosphere...

PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: COLD STORAGE, MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING AND CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE Istanbul (Turkey), 17-20 January 2002 PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: THE ITALIAN PICTURE Giancarlo Colelli IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

COLD STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE & MODIFIED- ATMOSHERE PACKAGING HINTS ON LEGISLATION FRESH PRODUCE PRODUCTION & TRADE IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria OUTLINE

FRESH PRODUCE PRODUCTION & TRADE

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria PRODUCTION

(MTx1000) ACREAGE (Hectares) Potatoes2 32185 576Artichokes53750 955Tomatoes6 076133 672Fresh legumes30437 262Leafy vegetables95851 280Total Vegetables14 719 537 615 IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria PRODUCTION

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria TRADE

COLD STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION

USE OF LOW TEMPERATURE IN ORDER TO REDUCE DETERIORARION OF FRESH PRODUCE DURING STORAGE AND SHIPMENT IS QUITE GENERAL IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria MAIN ISSUES RELATED TO COLD STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION: GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES: SOUTH/NORTH COOLING TECNIQUES RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN THE COLD ROOMS APPROPRIATE TEMPERATURES LOAD MIXING DURING TRANSPORTATION ETHYLENE REMOVAL FROM COLD ROOMS

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria ALWAYS EXISTED A TECHNOLOGICAL GAP BETWEEN THE SOUTHERN AND THE NORTHERN PART OF THE COUNTRY MOST OF THE PACKING-HOUSES IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS APPLY THE MOST ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND USE STATE- OF-THE-ART EQUIPMENTS POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF FRESH PRODUCE IN THE SOUTH IS MORE CRITICAL IN TERMS OF TECHNOLOGY AND (AS A CONSEQUENCE) MARKETING STRATEGIES

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria ROOM-COOLING IS STILL WIDELY USED COOLING EQUIPMENTS (FORCED-AIR, HYDRO, VACUUM) ARE VERY COMMON (MOSTLY LOCAL MANIFACTURE)

SOME WINTER COMMODITIES (ARTICHOKES, CITRUS, BROCCOLI, FENNEL) MAY NOT BE COOLED AT ALL, ESPECIALLY IF INTENDED FOR DOMESTIC MARKETS REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS MIGHT BE LOADED WITH WARM PRODUCT IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria POORLY DESIGNED REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENTS RESULT IN A TOO-LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN THE COLD ROOMS, INCREASING POSTHARVEST LOSSES ESPECIALLY DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE INCREASING USE OF INTERMEDIATE COOLANTS (GLICOLATED WATER, BRINE, ETC.) USE OF HUMIDIFIERS INCREASING USE OF AUTOMATION & MORE SOPHISTICATED SENSORS

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria MIXED-LOAD COMPATIBILITY IS NOT ALWAYS RESPECTED DURING STORAGE AND/OR SHIPMENT WITH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED TO: OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS ETHYLENE PRODUCTION/ SENSITIVITY EMISSION OF ODORS

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria VERY OFTEN ROLE OF COMMODITY- PRODUCED ETHYLENE IN PROMOTING RIPENING AND SENESCENCE OF FRESH PRODUCE IS UNDERESTIMATED. MOST COLD ROOMS ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH ANY ETHYLENE REMOVAL DEVICE.

CA STORAGE & MA PACKAGING

CA WAS FIRST USED IN ITALY AT A PRACTICAL LEVEL IN 1959 WITH 2 SMALL INSTALLATIONS FOR A FEW STOREROOMS AND RAPIDLY EXTENDED UNTIL IT EXCEEDED 4 MILLION m 3. (DATA FROM GORINI F.L., 1989) IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria THIS CAPACITY MAKES UP 40% OF TOTAL COLD ROOM VOLUME IN NORTHERN ITALY, WHERE THE LONG-STORAGE PRODUCTS PREDOMINATE. AT THE TIME THIS FIGURES REPRESENTED THE HIGHEST CAPACITY IN EUROPE.

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria CA STORAGE IS EXTENSIVELY USED ON FEW COMODITIES SUCH AS APPLES, PEARS, & KIWIFRUIT ONLY OCCASIONAL APPLICATIONS ON OTHER COMMODITIES (STONEFRUITS)

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria MA PACKAGING IS EXTENSIVELY USED ON FRESH-CUTS ONLY. IT IS RARELY USED ON FRESH PRODUCE, ALTHOUGH THE USE OF HIGHLY PERMEABLE PLASTIC BAGS OR SHRINK- WRAPPERS ARE COMMON FOR SOME VEGETABLES.

MAIN ISSUES RELATED TO CA STORAGE: ROOM TIGHTNESS EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS COMMODITY REQUIREMENTS COMMERCIAL USE EXTENDED TO COMMODITIES OTHER THAN APPLES, PEARS, & KIWIFRUITS IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria STOREROOM GAS TIGHTNESS REPRESENTS A PRIORITY ASPECT FOR CA INSTALLATIONS. SOME OF THE OLDER CA ROOMS ARE NOT ABLE TO EFFICIENTLY MANTAIN ULO CONDITIONS, WHICH FOR APPLES ARE KNOWN TO BE VERY EFFECTIVE FOR SCALD CONTROL.

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria MANY CA FACILITIES STILL PRESENT CATALYTIC OXYGEN BURNERS. PRESENTLY, HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANE NITROGEN- SEPARATORS ARE MORE FREQUENTLY INSTALLED

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria CARBON DIOXIDE CONTROL IS USUALLY PERFORMED WITH MOLECULAR SIEVES OR ACTIVE- CARBON SCRUBBERS. WITH CENTRALIZED SYSTEM IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO SETUP AUTOMATED ATMOSPHERE CONTROL. THIS INDUCED THE USERS TO ADOPT ACTIVE CARBON SCRUBBERS WITH INDIVIDUAL CONTAINERS, EACH SUITABLE FOR THE PURIFICATION OF A SINGLE STOREROOM.

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria THIS DESIGN PRESENT THE ADVANTAGE OF SIMPLIFYING THE AUTOMATION OF GAS LEVEL CONTROL. IN ADDITION THE INSTALLATION IS SIMPLIFIED AS NO VALVES AND COMPLEX CONTROLLERS HAVE TO BE USED

CA ROOM URT SENSORS WATER VAPOR GLYCOL RHT CONTROL CO 2 CONTROL O2O2 CO 2 SENSORS CO 2 AIR O2O2 O2O2 N2N2 C 2 H 4 Scrubber noC 2 H 4

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria MOST OF THE CA EQUIPMENT ARE MANUFACTURED IN ITALY BY 3 MAIN COMPANIES WHICH EXPORT THEIR TECHNOLOGY WORLWIDE FRUIT CONTROL

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria SPECIE/CVT (C) RH (%) O 2 (%) CO 2 (%) TIME (MO.) APPLES GOLDEN green1-2951-31-28-9 APPLES GOLDEN yellow3-4921-32-46-7 APPLES GRANNY SMITH0-2902-31-35-6 APPLES JONATHAN ripe4-5903-42-56-7 APPLES DELICIOUS0-2901-31-26-7 PEARS CONFERENCE (*)-0,5956-717-8 PEARS DOYENNE COMICE953-43-54-6 PEARS ABB FETEL0905-614-5 KIWI (*)09824-57 CA CONDITION FOR SOME SELECTED COMMODITIES/VARIETIES

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria VERY PROMISING RESULTS ARE REPORTED (IN ITALY & ABROAD) ON THE APPLICATION OF CA DURING STORAGE/TRANSIT OF A NUMBER OF OTHER COMMODITIES

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria PRACTICAL APPLICATION IS ONLY RESTRICTED, OCCASIONALLY, TO A FEW SPECIES LACK OF CONFIDENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TOO SHORT STORAGE TIME LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN STORAGE PROLONGATION LACK OF ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES MAP REPRESENTS A VALID ALTERNATIVE TO CAS FOR MANY OF THESE SPECIES LOWER CAPITAL COSTS FEASIBLE FOR SHORT STORAGE TIME EXTREME FLEXIBILITY IN THE APPLICATION WIDE AVAILABILITY OF PACKING MATERIALS

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria TABLE GRAPES INDUSTRY REPRESENTS A PECULIAR CASE EU LEGISLATION ALLOWS POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS WITH SO 2, TO REDUCE DECAY AND EXTEND STORAGE LIFE. GRAPES IS EITHER FUMIGATED IN SPECIAL ENCLOSURE (BONOMI PATENT) OR PACKED WITH SLOW RELEASING SO 2 PADS/LINERS/POUCHES

USE OF SO 2 HAS LONG BEEN A SAFETY ISSUE, AND ITS BANNING IS ANXIOUSLY EXPECTED BY MANY CONSUMER AND HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS SINCE 1985 FDA DON NOT CONSIDER IT AS A GRAS PRODUCT IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria AMONG ALTERNATIVES TO SO 2 AS POSTHARVEST TREATMENT MANY HAVE BEEN REPORTED VERY PROMISING, BUT NONE COMMERCIALLY ADOPTED SO FAR OZONE HIDROGEN PEROXIDE ACETIC ACID CHLORINE ACETALDEHYDE CARBON MONOXIDE IRRADIATION WITH RAYS IRRADIATION WITH UV-C ULO CA

ON-PLANT STORAGE IS A WIDELY USED PRACTICE IN THE ITALIA GRAPES INDUSTRY (ABOUT 80% OF TOTAL) BUNCHES ARE KEPT ON THE COVERED CANOPY UNTIL AS LONG AS DECEMBER, IN ORDER TO REACH HOLIDAYS MARKETS IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

LIMITED WATER LOSS CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND DECAY POSTHARVEST LIFE LIMITED TO TRANSIT & MARKETING TIME GOOD QUALITY PRODUCT UPON THE MOST FAVORABLE MARKETS IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria ADVANTAGES OF THIS PRACTICE INCLUDE:

HINTS ON LEGISLATION

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria AS FOR OTHER SECTORS ITALIAN NORMATIVE REFERRING TO POSTHARVEST TREATMENT FOR FRESH PRODUCE INCLUDES EU DIRECTIVES AND REGULATIONS AS FROM JANUARY 1 2002 ACCESS TO AND CONSULTATION OF ALL OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE IN THE EUR- LEX PORTAL, ESPECIALLY TO DOCUMENTS PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL, WILL BE FREE OF CHARGE. USEFUL LINKS: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/ http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/ind/en_analytical_index_03.html http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/reg/en_register_036054.html

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria MARKETING STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT COMMODITIES; ASPECTS RELATED TO CHEMICAL USE, MAXIMUM LEVEL OF RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCT, AND OFFICIAL METHODS FOR SAMPLING & ANALYSIS; ASPECTS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ORIGINATING FROM POSTHARVEST PRACTICES; ASPECTS RELATED TO SAFETY OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVITIES. RELEVANT NORMATIVE RELATED TO POSTHARVEST ASPECTS OF FRESH PRODUCE INCLUDES:

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria AS FOR CHEMICALS USE IN POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF FRESH PRODUECE, IN GENERAL, ITALIAN LEGISLATION DO NOT ALLOW THE USE OF ANY INGREDIENT, WITH THE FOLLOWING FEW EXCEPTIONS (DIRECTIVES 97/41/CE, 99/65/CE, 99/71/CE)

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CLASSIFIED AS PESTICIDES BENOMIL (FUNG) ON APPLES AND PEARS (15 DAYS) CARBENDAZIM (FUNG) ON APPLES AND PEARS (15 DAYS) CLORPROFAM (SPROUTING INHIBITOR) ON POTATOES (30 DAYS) DPA (SCALD INHIBITOR) ON APPLES AND PEARS (30 & 60 DAYS) ETOXIQUIN (SCALD INHIBITOR) ON APPLES AND PEARS (90 DAYS) FENHEXAMID (FUNG) ON KIWIFRUIT (60 DAYS) IMAZALIL (FUNG) ON CITRUS FRUITS IPRODIONE (FUNG) ON LEMONS (30 DAYS) AND APPLES AND PEARS (10 DAYS) MALATHION (INS) ON POTATOES PIRETRINE (INS) ON FRUITS & TOMATOES (2 DAYS) PROCIMIDON (FUNG) ON KIWIFRUIT (60 DAYS) TBZ (FUNG) ON APPLES, PEARS AND POTATOES (30 DAYS) METHYL THIOPHANATE (FUNG) ON APPLES & PEARS (15 DAYS) VINCHLOZOLIN (FUNG) ON KIWIFRUIT (60 DAYS)

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CLASSIFIED AS PRESERVATIVES SO 2 IN DIFFERENT FORMS (E220, E221, E222, E223, E224, E225, E226, E227, E228) ON GRAPES; DIPHENYL (E230), ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E231), SODIUM ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E232): ON BANANA & CITRUS TBZ (E233) ON BANANA & CITRUS IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Universit degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi Italy Area Materiali e Processi per lAgroindustria

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preservation technologies for fresh fruits and vegetables: cold storage, modified atmosphere...

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