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Natalie Ramos

Alexander Caro

By:

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Dialect: a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a

country, containing some different words and grammar, etc.

Social marker: afeature that occur frequently in your speech (or not) wich

marks you as a member of a particular social group, whether you realize itor not.

Prestige: a way of explaining the direction in which certain individuals

change their speech.

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The study of the relationship between language and society

Anthropology

Sociology

Social psychology

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Concept:

Two main groups :

1. Middle Class

2. Working classupper and lower

a form of a language that people speak

in a particular part of a country, containing some

different words and grammar, etc.

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Example: Edinburgh, Scotland.

Word: Home

o Lower working class speakers: [hem]

o Lower-middle-class speakers: [hom]

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Example:

Them boys throwed somethin It wasnt us what done it

Those expressions are generally associated withspeakers who have spent less time in education.

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Labov (1966)

Where are the womens shoes?

1. Saks Fifth Avenue (Expensive items, upper-

middle class status)

2. Macys (medium-priced, middleclass status)

3. Kleins (with cheaper items, working class status)

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A feature that occur frequently in your

speech (or not) wich marks you as a member of a

particular social group, whether you realize it or not.

Pronouncing Postvocalic /r/

The final pronunciation of ing with [n] rather than

[]

[h] Dropping

Concept:

Examples:

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Formal Style: more careful attention to how

were speaking (careful style)

Informal Style: Less attention (casual style)

Style shifting

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middle-class speakers are much more likely to

shift their style of speaking significantly In the

direction of the upper middle class when they

are using a carefully style

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Concept:

Overt Prestige

Covert Prestige

a way of explaining the direction

in which certain individuals change their

speech.

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Two main concepts:

Convergence

Divergence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCrE8e-9wtohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aizSpwKW0lUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aizSpwKW0lUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCrE8e-9wto

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Register

Situational

Occupational

Topical

Jargon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w42j7TSS580http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htVkGx4_GqAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vvk4ml9I6xghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqImkDgDwHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqImkDgDwHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vvk4ml9I6xghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htVkGx4_GqAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w42j7TSS580

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Colloquial speech

Age

Examples:

Bucks

Benjamins

you stupid a**hole!

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like clothing and music, slang is an aspect of

social life that is subject to fashion, especially

among adolescents. It can be used by those

inside a group who share ideas and attitudes

as a way of distinguishing themselves from

others.

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African American English (AAE)

A distinct set of social markers

Discrimination

Segregation

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Vernacular

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

It is the form of AAE that has been most studied

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The sounds of a vernacular

Tendency to reduce final consonant clusters

Left hand(lef han)

Initial dental consonant

Think, that (tink , dat)

Possessive s and thid person singular s are not used

JohnsGirlfriend, she loves him. (John girlfriend, she love him)

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The grammar of a vernacular

The double negative construction

He dont know nothin

I aintafraid of no ghost

Frequent absence of forms of the verb to be

You crazy

She working now

+ beShe be working now

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