present perfect and pluperfect. lets look at the present perfect in english first: i have read that...

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Present Present Perfect and Perfect and Pluperfect Pluperfect

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Page 1: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Present Perfect Present Perfect and and

PluperfectPluperfect

Page 2: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Let’s look at the present perfect in English first:

I have read that book.I have lived here for five years.

“Perfect” means “complete.” All perfect tenses are by definition, therefore, past tenses.

So what’s the difference between “I have read that book.”

And simply“I read that book”?

The difference in this case is how we view the action. If we say, “I have (or “I’ve”) read that book,” we see it as complete but having influence on the present. We might want to discuss it. “I read that book” means that it’s over and done with.

Page 3: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

The second sentence is a little easier to explain:

I have lived here for five years.

That means not only have I inhabited this place for the past five years but also that I continue to live here. Sometimes the present perfect means that the action is complete but still going on in the present, and sometimes it means that the action still has influence on the present.

I ate five candy bars.—Action completed.

I’ve eaten five candy bars. -- . . . And maybe I’ll eat some more! -- Action may continue.

or . . . And that’s why my stomach

hurts. -- Influence on the present

Page 4: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Past Participle

All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb:

helping verb past participle helping verb past participle

He has eaten. We have seen.

They have left. You have finished.

I have studied. She has fallen.

Page 5: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

This is how you form the past participle in Spanish:

Drop the –ar and add –ado:

hablar hablado nadar nadado

pensar pensado almorzar almorzado

llegar llegado estar estado

Drop the –er or –ir and add –ido:

comer comido poder podido

leer leído querer querido

asistir asistido venir venido

Page 6: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Los irregulares

•  Abrir - abierto • Romper – roto• Ver – visto• Volver – vuelto • Escribir – escrito

• Decir – dicho • Poner – puesto • Morir - muerto • Hacer – hecho • Cubrir - cubierto

Page 7: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

There are, of course, irregular past participles in Spanish as there are in English.

call called

jump jumped

look looked

eat eated???? have eatenbring bringed???? have brought

Page 8: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

PracticamosForma el participo pasado

• Comer• Comido• Abrir• Abierto• Ganar• Ganado• Ver• Visto

• Comprar• Comprado • Hacer• Hecho • Beber• Bebido • Escribir • Escrito

Page 9: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Helping VerbNow you need a helping verb to go with your past participles. What we use is the present tense of the verb “haber.”

he hablado hemos hablado

has hablado habéis hablado

ha hablado han hablado

Use these verb forms with all your past participles: he comido, has querido, ha vuelto, hemos trabajado, etc.

Page 10: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

PracticamosForma el presente perfecto

• Yo________(hacer) la tarea. • Yo he hecho la tarea. • Ella ______(firmar) el contracto. • Ella ha firmado el contracto. • Nosotros _____(terminar) la clase. • Nosotros hemos terminado la clase. • Tu ________(comer) toda la cena. • Tu has comida toda la cena. • Mis amigos ______(ir) a mi casa. • Mis amigos han ido a mi casa.

Page 11: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Ejemplos en el cuento

• Todos los peces se han ido.

• Los peces se han ido, y nos moriremos de hambre.

• Mi viejo amigo le había prometido que lo iba a comer, y se lo ha comido.

• Los peces volvieron también, los yacarés vivieron y viven todavía muy felices, porque se han acostumbrado al fin a ver pasar vapores y buques que llevan naranjas.

Page 12: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Repasamos• Gritar

Nicolás _____mucho durante el partido.

Nicolás ha gritado mucho durante el partido.

• Golpear

Los hermanos se __________.

Los hermanos se han golpeado.

• Colocarse

Mi hermano no recuerda donde _______ las cajas.

Mi hermano no recuerda donde ha colocado las cajas.

• Reventar

Yo ________el globo.

Yo he reventado el globo.

• Hundirse

Los chicos _________en el lago.

Los chicos se han hundido en el lago.

• Espantar

¿________ ya la película a los chicos?

¿Ha espantado ya la película a los chicos?

Page 13: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Repasamos• Estorbar

El dique______ la ruta del barco

El dique ha estorbado la ruta del barco.

• Emprender

Ellos ________el torpedo hasta el barco.

Ellos han emprendido el torpedo hasta el barco.

• Largar

El barco _______mucho humo.

El barco ha largado mucho humo.

• Escribir

¿Por qué no ellos_______ la carta?

¿Por qué no ellos han escrito la carta?

Page 14: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

The past perfecto, or pluperfect,is easier to explain, but we don’t always use it when we should. The past perfect (also called “pluperfect”) is the past of the past.

Juan had already eaten when we arrived.

Both actions (“eaten” and “arrived”) are in the past. But the eating happened before the arriving. So “arrived” is past, and “had eaten” is the past of that—the past of the past.

Page 15: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Pluperfect(Past Perfect)

(Pluscuamperfecto)The past perfect (also called the pluperfect and, in Spanish, the pluscuamperfecto), remember, is the past of the past and translates with “had” in English. ALL perfect tenses get a helping verb and a past participle:

present perfect he has eatenpast perfect he had eatenfuture perfect he will have eatenconditional perfect he would have eaten

Page 16: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

As you saw, the present perfect tense has a set of helping verbs that come from “haber”:

he hemos

has habéis

ha han

The same is true of the past perfect. The helping verbs for the past perfect are the imperfect form of “haber”:

había hablado habíamos hablado

habías hablado habíais hablado

había hablado habían hablado

Page 17: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Note that the endings on “haber” for the past perfect are the endings for the imperfect tense:

había habíamos

habías habíais

había habían

The present perfect is the PRESENT tense of “haber” + the past participle.

The past perfect tense is the IMPERFECT (PAST) tense of “haber” + the past participle.

Guess what the future perfect tense is composed of. But that’s another lesson.

Page 18: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Practicamos Forma el pluscamperfecto.

• Yo _______(llegar) antes de ella.

• Yo había llegado antes de ella.

• Nosotros _______(ver) la película.

• Nosotros habíamos visto la película.

• Mis amigos ________(ir) a la playa este ano.

• Mis amigos habían ido a la playa este ano.

• Tu _______(comprar) el libro antes de que pudiera dártelo.

• Tu habías comprado el libro ante de que pudiera dártelo.

• Mi ex-novia nunca me _______(decir) la verdad.

• Mi ex-novia nunca me ha dicho la verdad.

Page 19: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Repasamos• a. cenar -- to eat dinner

• Ellos _______cuando llegamos.

• Ellos habían cenado cuando llegamos

• b. ver -- to see

• Marta ___________la película el mes pasado pero tenía ganas de verla de nuevo.

• Marta había visto la película el mes pasado pero tenía ganas de verla de nuevo.

• c. desayunar -- to eat breakfast

• A las siete de la mañana nosotros ya___________ .

• A las siete de la mañana nosotros ya habíamos comido.

• d. repetir -- to repeat

• El alumno ___________muchas veces las conjugaciones de los verbos.

• El alumno había repetido muchas veces las conjugaciones de los verbos.

Page 20: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Repasamos• e. devolver -- to return• María buscó el disco compacto que Juan__________ .• María buscó el disco compacto que Juan había devuelto.

• f. terminar -- to finish• Cuando llegó el supervisor ya los trabajadores _____________ su trabajo.• Cuando llegó el supervisor ya los trabajadores habían terminado su trabajo.

• g. empaquetar -- to pack• El comprador llevó las bolsas que el empleado_______________ .• El comprador llevó las bolsas que el empleado había empaquetado.

• h. prometer -- to promise• El político ______________bajar los impuestos.• El político había prometido bajar los impuestos.

• i. cambiar -- to change• El carpintero le dijo a Miguel que ______________la cerradura de la puerta.• El carpintero le dijo a Miguel que había cambiado la cerradura de la puerta.

 

Page 21: Present Perfect and Pluperfect. Lets look at the present perfect in English first: I have read that book. I have lived here for five years. Perfect means

Repasamos• j. pescar -- to fish• Los maridos confesaron a sus mujeres que no ______________salmones.• Los maridos confesaron a sus mujeres que no habían pescado salmones.