presence

institute for educational cybernetics

Presence

Scott Wilsoninstitute for educational cybernetics, university of bolton


scott is…

Wondering if he’s going to explain this OK


What is presence?• Exposure of personal states to others• Awareness of the states of others• Ambient or peripheral communication*• Broadcast rather than point-to-point

communication*

Not (in today’s talk, at least]:• Sense of self-presence in a virtual environment

(i.e. psychology of telepresence]

* mostly


Presence: Evolution of a killerinternet app

1996AwayMessage

1997Buddy Icon

2003Mood Message

2003Status(activity)Message

2007Microblog


How is presence used?

Managing attention and interruptiondon’t bother me I’m in a meeting

Facilitating casual interactionsU r bored? Yeah me 2!

Provide a sense of activity in an interaction spaceAt least I’m not the only one working tonight

Facilitate group self-awarenessThere aren’t many women in this team are there?

Self-expressionLook, I’m an individual!


Presence Semantics

Network Availability I’m online

Communication Availability I want to talk

Emotional context I’m bored

Activity context I’m cooking dinner

Location I’m at home

Needs and desires I want an iPhone

Identity projection I’m wearing a cool t-shirt


Presentities

peopleorganisations

products

events robotscourses?


Producing presence information:Passive cues

Network listeners

System capability listeners

Application task listeners

Workflow listeners

Physical sensors

Psychophysiological interfaces

Phillips Design Probes Project : The Vibe necklace picks up a varietyof biometric signals that can be picked up by other wearers of thenecklace. This is achieve by a combination of conductive ink andtextile sensors.


Producing presence information:Explicit cues

status selections

Free expression:mood messages,microblogging


Presence Awareness

Ambient

Awareness

Interruption!Situated awareness


Platforms for consumingpresence information


Ambient technology


Communication technologies


Social networks


Microblogs


Consuming presence: patterns

Abstract

Status icons

Graphical avatars

Subtitles

Feeds

Composite


If you use any online social network tool, the single most important first

impression you make is with the 3600 to 5000 pixels you get for

your tiny picture.

http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2009/04/the-power-of-a-tiny-picture-how-to-improve-your-social-network-brand.html


Making Models


Community of Inquiry Model

Can we actually relate this model to presence information systems?


ObjectiveA sense of being there physically, feeling that one is located in a mediated space.

SubjectiveThis type is personal and psychological; it affords a sense of being there and takes place withina person's mind and body. It is cognitive, behavioral, and emotional).

EnvironmentalA sense that the environment knows that you are an integral part of it and that it reacts to you.Sheridan (1992) proposes that the ability to feel that you have an effect on a virtualenvironment is a key component of presence. The greater the response to your modification ofthe distant environment the greater the feeling of reality.

SocialA sense of being with others who exist in the world and react to you.. Social presence may bederived from conversing and interacting with others. When others recognize and react to you itvalidates your existence (Wijanand, date). The importance of ongoing relationships is significantand enables and facilitates bonds of understanding

Rosemary Lehman: Types of Presence in Online Education


Scott’s model

Appears in: Handbook of Research onSocial Software and DevelopingCommunity OntologiesISBN: 978-1-60566-208-4; 632 pp;February 2009


Mapping cues to semantics


Ontology of presence


Patterns in existing systems

institute for educational cyberneticsSystem Subsystem Purposes Means of

productionPresence Information Means of

consumptionMood Message Facilitate Casual Interactions

Supporting Self ExpressionExplicit cues Emotional context Subtitle

Status Message Manage attention and interruption Network listenerExplicit cues

Network availabilityCommunication availability

Status icon

Skype

Video availability Facilitate Casual Interactions System CapabilityListener

Communication availability Status icon

Status Message Manage attention and interruptionFacilitate casual interactions

Network listenerExplicit cues

Network availabilityCommunication availabilityEmotional context

Status iconGraphical avatarSubtitle

Video availability Facilitate Casual Interactions System CapabilityListener


IChat

Audio availability Facilitate Casual Interactions System CapabilityListener


Facebook Status Message Facilitate casual interactionsSupporting self-expressionSupporting group self-awareness

Explicit cues Activity contextEmotional context

SubtitleFeed

Twitter Supporting Self-expression Explicit cues Activity contextEmotional context

Feed

Nimio Sense of activity in interaction space Physical Sensors –sound, movement

Activity Context Composite

NetworkedEmoticon Device

Supporting self-expression Explicit cues Emotional context Status Icon

Jaiku Supporting Self-expressionFacilitate casual interactions

Explicit cuesPhysical sensor(mobile GPS)

Activity contextEmotional contextLocation

Feed

Moodle Online Users Facilitate casual interactions Network Listener Network Availability Graphical AvatarNabaztag Facilitate casual interactions Explicit cues

(waggling the ears)Activity contextEmotional contextCommunication availability

Abstract

Dabbish &Kraut’sexperiment

Manage attention and interruption ApplicationListener

Activity context (workload) Abstract


Try it yourself now…• Identify a piece of technology you are working

with or developing• What role, if any, does presence play?• What is its purpose?• What/who are the presentities?• What kind of presence information does it use?• How is it produced?• How is it consumed?• What is the balance of presence types?• How might it work differently using a different

pattern of presence?


Thanks for listening - over to you

http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott

presence

Technology

educational cyberneticsif

educational cyberneticswhat

educational cybernetics

social presence

sense of selfpresence

types of presence

presence information

key component of presence