pres 07 e mobility value chain for south africa mk mathe

Mkhulu Mathe, PhD

[email protected]

EV Infrastructure, JHB, November 2012

eMobility Value Chain for South Africa

Agenda

© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za

2

eMobility R&D

1

CSIR/MSM

3

Value Chain

4

IBA key points

6

Summary

5

On-going R&D

Reflections

• Will lithium-ion batteries deliver on the promises of the power, energy, cost

and safety in commercially available energy storage systems?

• Batteries set to become $60 billion industry by '13 – Lux prediction ’09

• Is the electric car industry doomed?

The dismiss of A123 and the shaky position of Tesla seem to indicate the

electric car industry is not doing well. Will the electric car industry survive for

the next 5 years? How much more taxpayers money needs to be pumped to

prop up the industry? What are your thoughts? - 9 days ago

• Battery pack at present $7500 is targeted/ envisaged to drop down to

$1000/pack


National System of Innovation

BASIC RESEARCH DIRECTED RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATIONDEVELOPMENT

[Advancement of knowledge]

[New understanding of research domains]

[New technologies,Products or services]

[Impact on economy and society]

Universities and national facilities

The CSIR reports to the Minister of Science and Technology

CSIR and other science councils

Industry/public sector

Who we are

Multidisciplinary research - multisector

Human Sciences

Research Council

Human sciences

Agricultural Research

Council

Agriculture

Health and medicine

Mining and mineral processing

Funding agency

NationalResearch

Foundation

Geosciences

Water Research

Commission

Public research

institutions and funding

agencies

Funding agency

Council forScientific and

IndustrialResearch

Mintek

Council for Geosciences

Medical Research

Council

Selected public research institutions and funding agenciesWho we are

Research Impact Areas

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

INDUSTRY

BUILT ENVIRONMENT

DEFENCE & SECURITY

HEALTH

ENERGY

Enabling technologies & facilities

ICT

Sensors

Photonics

Robotics

Modelling

Materials

Research facilities

What we do

MSM research areas

Applications

Technologies

Energy

Health

Bio-based buildingmaterials

IndustryAutomotive

Industry Aerospace

IndustryMicro

manufacturing

M a t e r i a l s

Energy Materials

• Electrochemical Energy

Technologies

- Advanced Batteries and

Supercapacitors

- Fuel Cells

- Dye Solar Cells


• Clean Energy Technologies

- Gasification

- Fluidisation

- Combustion

- Hydrogen Storage

Andreas Rechel, MD P3 South Africa (PTY) LTD, eMobility @ Automotive Week 2011

Introducing eMobility Value ChainBattery Recycling Energy Generation

Charging Infrastructure

Smart Grids

Standards Connectivity

Second Life Battery

Battery Technology

Apps

Mobility Options Components

Service

Electric Vehicles

Connectivity

Opportunities along the value chain

• Battery Recycling

• Energy Generation

• Smart Grids

• Charging Infrastructure

• Standards Connectivity

• Battery Technology

• Electric Vehicles

• Components

• Battery Second Life


Advanced Battery Technologies Value Chain


Advanced Battery Technologies Development Programme Value Proposition,Consortium and Stakeholder Workshop, 12 April 2012

Market view – Key drives


Li-ion Battery Demand for Portable Devices

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Year

Ba

tte

ry D

em

an

d (

MW

h/y

ea

r)

Cellular Notebook Power Tools Other

Ave. annual growth rate 6%

Li-ion battery demand for portable devices [based on IIT, 2009]

© CSIR 2010 Slide 15

SA Opportunity – A New Industry

Industrialise batteryprecursor production

Pilot cell development and production

Pack development and industrialisation

Opportunity:• Battery materials production leveraging mineral resources and local expertise• On this platform, forward integration into cells & packs

Industrialise cathode / anode materials:License, develop

Advanced Battery Technologies Development Programme Value Proposition, Consortium and Stakeholder Workshop, 12 April 2012

Key points from the IBA meeting• Cape Town’s One & Only Hotel, played host to the IBA Conference 2011 (International

Battery Association)

• “This is the third occasion that an IBA Conference has been held in South Africa. If the success of the past two meetings is anything to go by, we can expect that the third Meeting, here in Cape Town, will be equally successful.” Zempachi Ogumi, IBA President.

• A success it was, as over 100 scientists, engineers, government officials, students, IP Practitioners, legal professionals and media from Australia; Bulgaria; Canada; China; France; Germany; Japan; Korea; Russia; South Africa; Switzerland; Taiwan and the USA attended the event. www.

• Workshop held with Industry players at Kruger National Park, July 2012 – How does South Africa start a lithium battery industry


The People

• 1974 - Johan Coetzer - initiates structural studies of battery materials, AgI

solid electrolytes, high-T Na/Zeolite-S cells, Na/MCl2 cells

• 1975 - Michael Thackeray joins Coetzer - AgI solid electrolytes, high-

temperature Li/iron oxide cells

• 1978 - Roy Galloway joins CSIR team

• Roger Bones (Harwell, UK), Jim Sudworth (Beta R&D, UK)

• 1981 Thackeray joins Professor John Goodenough at Oxford armed with

spinel samples including Fe3O4 and Mn3O4


Lithium Batteries • Late 1970’s - Thackeray studies high temperature LiAl/LiCl, KCl/iron oxide cells to

evaluate them against Argonne’s more corrosive LiAl/LiCl, KCl/FeSx system.

• Thackeray demonstrates Li insertion into Fe3O4 and Mn3O4 at room temperature

leading to a study of LiMn2O4

• Thackeray, Gummow and de Kock - demonstrate Li-rich spinels Li1+xMn2-xO4 suppress

solubility as well as structural distortions, thereby significantly enhancing

performance

• Thackeray, Ferg, Gummow and de Kock demonstrate that safe lithium-ion cells can be constructed by coupling a Li4Ti5O12 spinel anode with a Li1+xMn2-xO4 spinel cathode

• The introduction of the first commercial lithium-ion batteries by Sony Corporation

triggered a series of visits between 1992 and 1993 to companies in Japan, Europe

and the United States to market CSIR’s patent portfolio.

• CSIR’s first Li battery license executed in 1995.


Li4Ti5O12

+ +

Li1+x-yMn2-xO4 Li1+xMn2-xO4Li7Ti5O12

Li

2.5 V

Li4Ti5O12

+ +

Li1+x-yMn2-xO4 Li1+xMn2-xO4Li7Ti5O12

Li

2.5 V

Li

2.5 V

On-going R&D strategy


Overview of SA battery research activities

• University of Limpopo

• Wits University

• Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

• University of Western Cape

• IDC

• Sasol

• Eskom


Research Focus

• Synthesis of lithium battery electrode materials that will provide:

• High Energy Storage

• High Power

• Improved Safety

• Cost (initial cost, cycle rates, refresh times, degradation, etc)

• Thin film/ smart structures batteries

• Battery characterization, testing and diagnostics – Defense Peace

Safety and Security (DPSS)

• Battery electronics - DPSS



Summary

• CSIR and MSM were introduced with the relevant activities for this

conference

• Opportunities were identified for the South African participation along

the eMobility value chain

• Advanced Batteries Value Proposition was discussed with a huge

opportunity for South Africa to start new industry acknowledged

• R&D activities on-going in the country were contextualised to the global

trends

Acknowledgements


• Energy Materials Group

• MSM

Thank You

For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope.

Ecclesiastes 9:4


pres 07 e mobility value chain for south africa mk mathe

Documents

lithium battery industry

battery pack

battery materials production

pack csir

life csir

battery demand mwhyear40

csir reports

national facilities