PREPARING FOR WARPREPARING FOR WAR

Chapter 16 Section 1Chapter 16 Section 1

“…“…what ever may be the result of the what ever may be the result of the contest, I forsee that the country will contest, I forsee that the country will have to pass through a terrible ordeal.” have to pass through a terrible ordeal.” –Robert E. Lee–Robert E. Lee

Southern ViewsSouthern Views

Believed they Believed they had the right to had the right to leave the unionleave the union

““War for War for Southern Southern Independence”Independence”

Northern ViewsNorthern Views

Fighting to save Fighting to save the unionthe union

Slave States Choose Slave States Choose SidesSides

Slave States that Slave States that Supported the SouthSupported the South

• Virginia, North Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, ArkansasTennessee, Arkansas

• NOTE: The western part NOTE: The western part of Virginia favored the of Virginia favored the Union and became Union and became West VirginiaWest Virginia in 1863. in 1863.

Slave States that Slave States that Supported the NorthSupported the North

• Delaware, Kentucky, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Missouri, Maryland, West VirginiaWest Virginia                                                         

Southern Southern Advantages/DisadvantagAdvantages/DisadvantagesesAdvantagesAdvantages

• Defending Defending HomelandHomeland

• Excellent Military Excellent Military training and skillstraining and skills

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Few Factories for Few Factories for war supplieswar supplies

• Few Railroads to Few Railroads to move supplies.move supplies.

• Small PopulationSmall Population

(note: 1/3 of the 9 (note: 1/3 of the 9 million population million population was enslaved.) was enslaved.)

Northern Advantages Northern Advantages

AdvantagesAdvantages 4 times as many free 4 times as many free

citizens than the citizens than the south.south.

• Many volunteers for Many volunteers for growing food, growing food, working in factories working in factories and making supplies.and making supplies.

• 85% of INDUSTRY85% of INDUSTRY• Double the railroadDouble the railroad• Strong NavyStrong Navy

Northern Northern DisadvantagesDisadvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

To win the war, To win the war, the north had to the north had to conquer a large conquer a large area.area.

Invading Invading unfamiliar landunfamiliar land

President Jefferson President Jefferson DavisDavis• West Point West Point

graduategraduate• Hero of Mexican Hero of Mexican

WarWar• Secretary of War Secretary of War

under Franklin under Franklin PiercePierce

• Courageous and Courageous and HonestHonest

President Abraham President Abraham LincolnLincoln

• Little Political and Little Political and Military ExperienceMilitary Experience

• Yet, he became Yet, he became Strong Leader, Strong Leader, Fine War PlannerFine War Planner

• The North’s The North’s greatest greatest advantage advantage

• Sense of humorSense of humor

Confederate or Confederate or Union Union Army?Army?

• When South seceded, officers from the south When South seceded, officers from the south had to decide if they wanted to fight for the had to decide if they wanted to fight for the Union or Confederate Army.Union or Confederate Army.

• Robert E. Lee- Commander of the Robert E. Lee- Commander of the Confederate ArmyConfederate Army

Lincoln’s Inaugural Lincoln’s Inaugural AddressAddress ““I have no purpose, directly or I have no purpose, directly or

indirectly, to interfere with the indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states institution of slavery in the states were it exists.”were it exists.”

Preserve the UnionPreserve the Union We are not enemies but friends, We are not enemies but friends,

We must be friends.”We must be friends.” He believed slavery to be doomedHe believed slavery to be doomed

Confederate StrategyConfederate Strategy

South took a defensive positionSouth took a defensive position they did not have to win the warthey did not have to win the war

Depended on King Cotton to help Depended on King Cotton to help win foreign aidwin foreign aid

Later in the war South invaded Later in the war South invaded the North to get BIG victoriesthe North to get BIG victories

Union StrategyUnion Strategy

Offensive strategyOffensive strategy Called the Called the Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

by Gen. Winfield Scottby Gen. Winfield Scott

Designed to smother S. economyDesigned to smother S. economy

Naval blockadeNaval blockade

Control Miss. RiverControl Miss. River

11stst Bull Run/Manassas Bull Run/Manassas

11stst land battle of war land battle of war Was in Virginia, just south of D.C.Was in Virginia, just south of D.C. 7/21/18617/21/1861

N. named battles after nearest N. named battles after nearest creekcreek

S. named battles after nearest townS. named battles after nearest town

Going to a picnicGoing to a picnic Bull Run-Manassas VaBull Run-Manassas Va First True battle of the First True battle of the

warwar What could go wrong- What could go wrong-

goes wrong!!!goes wrong!!! "You are green, it is true, "You are green, it is true,

but they are green also; but they are green also; you are all green alike."you are all green alike."

Troop movementsTroop movements SuppliesSupplies

Confederates show up Confederates show up wearing Blue uniformswearing Blue uniforms

25 miles from Washington25 miles from Washington

"There stands Jackson like a "There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians”Virginians”

July 21July 21stst 1861 1861Union troops -28,000Union troops -28,000

Confederate Troops-32,000Confederate Troops-32,000

Casualties-2,800(U) to Casualties-2,800(U) to 1,900(C)1,900(C)

No more ninety day No more ninety day enlistmentsenlistments

Lincoln asks for 3 years Lincoln asks for 3 years enlistmentsenlistments

11stst Bull Run/Manassas Bull Run/Manassas

Gen Thomas Jackson rallies Gen Thomas Jackson rallies Confederate troops gets nicknamed Confederate troops gets nicknamed Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson

Confederate Victory could have Confederate Victory could have captured D.C.captured D.C.

The first battle was an important The first battle was an important Confederate victory. Manassas shows Confederate victory. Manassas shows that the war was going to be very long that the war was going to be very long and difficult for both sides.and difficult for both sides.

What was neededWhat was needed An army of 100,000-An army of 100,000- One wagon for every 40 menOne wagon for every 40 men one horse or mule for every 2-3 menone horse or mule for every 2-3 men That means---2,500 wagons, 35,000 That means---2,500 wagons, 35,000

animalsanimals 600 tons of supplies600 tons of supplies Winfield Scott is out!!!!!Winfield Scott is out!!!!! May 1861-McClellan comes to the May 1861-McClellan comes to the

rescue!! at 34 never known defeat—rescue!! at 34 never known defeat—man of destiny-little Napoleonman of destiny-little Napoleon

Case of the SlowsCase of the Slows

Ft. Henry and Ft. Henry and DonelsonDonelson

Tenn. River and Tenn. River and Cumberland RiverCumberland River

Joint navy and army Joint navy and army maneuversmaneuvers

U.S. Grant gets things U.S. Grant gets things done Feb 1862done Feb 1862

Unconditional Unconditional surrender surrender

Capture the rivers and Capture the rivers and trade that goes with ittrade that goes with it

Ft. Henry and Ft. Henry and DonelsonDonelson

""I mean to be whipped or to I mean to be whipped or to whip my enemy, and not be whip my enemy, and not be scared to death" scared to death"

David FarragutDavid Farragut was was the commander-in-the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Navy chief of the U.S. Navy during the American during the American Civil War. Civil War.

He is remembered for He is remembered for his famous order at his famous order at the Battle of Mobile the Battle of Mobile Bay, "Damn the Bay, "Damn the torpedoes, full speed torpedoes, full speed ahead!“ahead!“

Captures New Captures New Orleans April 1862Orleans April 1862

"A Very Bloody Affair“"A Very Bloody Affair“April 1862April 1862

Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing)Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing)

Union VictoryUnion Victory

"You can hear the "You can hear the screams of the injured. screams of the injured. They screamed for They screamed for water, God heard them water, God heard them for the heavens opened for the heavens opened and the rain fell." and the rain fell."

Union –13000 deadUnion –13000 dead

Conf.-10,500 dead Conf.-10,500 dead

Conf.Com. Johnston is Conf.Com. Johnston is killed bled to deathkilled bled to death

Sunken Road-Hornets Sunken Road-Hornets nestnest

Back to the EastBack to the East

Things are not going well for Things are not going well for the Unionthe Union

Antietam: Sharpsburg, Antietam: Sharpsburg, MarylandMaryland

Bloody battle in Maryland resulted in a tie and Bloody battle in Maryland resulted in a tie and Robert E. Lee’s army has to retreat back into Robert E. Lee’s army has to retreat back into Virginia. Lee attacked the north because he Virginia. Lee attacked the north because he needed a victory on northern soil.needed a victory on northern soil.

The Bloodiest Day of the Civil War" The Battle of Antietam

Confederate Losses Union Losses

Killed-1,512 Killed--2,108

Wounded--7,816 Wounded--9,549

Captured/Missing--1,844 Captured/Missing--753

Cornfield-West WoodsCornfield-West Woods Morning Phase-one regiment lost 242 Morning Phase-one regiment lost 242

out of 310 men in about 12 minutesout of 310 men in about 12 minutes Stonewall Jackson v. HookerStonewall Jackson v. Hooker

"In the time I am "In the time I am writing," Hooker writing," Hooker reported, "every stalk reported, "every stalk of corn in the and of corn in the and greater part of the greater part of the field was cut as field was cut as closely as could have closely as could have been done with a been done with a knife, and the slain knife, and the slain lay in rows precisely lay in rows precisely as they had stood in as they had stood in their ranks a few their ranks a few moments before."moments before."

1862 Antietam 1862 Antietam September 17thSeptember 17th

Sunken Road --Midday phaseSunken Road --Midday phase

"Bloody Lane."Bloody Lane.““

Union officers who viewed the Union officers who viewed the bodies of the Confederates in the bodies of the Confederates in the sunken road stated that the lane sunken road stated that the lane was completely covered with bodies was completely covered with bodies as far as the eye could see. This as far as the eye could see. This sunken road became known from sunken road became known from this day forward as "Bloody Lane.this day forward as "Bloody Lane.““

They found one body with 57 bullet They found one body with 57 bullet holes.holes.

•4x’s the number of D-day casualties

AntietamAntietam One of the few battles of the Civil War One of the few battles of the Civil War

were the generals chose the battle site. were the generals chose the battle site. Orders 191Orders 191

6,000 dead --another 17,000 wounded6,000 dead --another 17,000 wounded 4x’s4x’s the number of the number of D-dayD-day casualties casualties More thanMore than allall of the War of 1812, Mexican of the War of 1812, Mexican

war, and Spanish American War combinedwar, and Spanish American War combined 1/3 of Lee’s troops 30,000 became 1/3 of Lee’s troops 30,000 became

casualtiescasualties McClellan does not press the attackMcClellan does not press the attack

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

““Fellow citizens, we cannot escape Fellow citizens, we cannot escape history,….The fiery trail through which history,….The fiery trail through which we pass, will light us down, in honor we pass, will light us down, in honor and dishonor, to the latest and dishonor, to the latest generation…..The dogmas of the quiet generation…..The dogmas of the quiet past , are inadequate to the stormy past , are inadequate to the stormy present…. In giving freedom to the present…. In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free….We disenthrall ourselves , and free….We disenthrall ourselves , and then we save our country” p.563then we save our country” p.563

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Congress requires West Virginia to Congress requires West Virginia to abolish slavery as a requirement to abolish slavery as a requirement to enter Unionenter Union

New Year’s Day-1863New Year’s Day-1863-not an act to -not an act to bring the slaves to revolt.bring the slaves to revolt.

Sanctioned the Sanctioned the enlistment of the Black enlistment of the Black soldier and sailorsoldier and sailor into the Union Army into the Union Army

Regular army never enrolled black soldiersRegular army never enrolled black soldiers

It freed the It freed the slaves only in slaves only in states that states that have seceded have seceded from the from the Union.Union.

It did not free It did not free slaves in slaves in border states.border states.

Reasons for the Reasons for the Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

The war was going bad for the The war was going bad for the North.North.

Lincoln needed a way to turn Lincoln needed a way to turn things aroundthings around

He thought that freeing the slaves He thought that freeing the slaves in the South would help bring in the South would help bring about that changeabout that change

EffectsEffects

The war, and the Emancipation The war, and the Emancipation Proclamation effected the North Proclamation effected the North and the South.and the South.

The end of SlaveryThe end of Slavery

As a result of As a result of Abraham Abraham Lincoln’s Lincoln’s decision. African decision. African slaves now had slaves now had their freedom. their freedom.

They were no They were no longer owned like longer owned like property.property.

The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in most Southern freed the slaves in most Southern states. states.

It didn't free slaves in the border It didn't free slaves in the border states of Kentucky, Missouri, states of Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware, and West Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia, or in southern states Virginia, or in southern states under Union control. under Union control.

Many African American men Many African American men joined the Union forces and joined the Union forces and fought in the Civil War. fought in the Civil War.

The proclamation gained The proclamation gained international support for the international support for the Union forces, especially from Union forces, especially from Great Britain and France. Both of Great Britain and France. Both of these countries had already these countries had already abolished slavery. abolished slavery.

Slavery wasn't completely Slavery wasn't completely abolished until 1865 when the abolished until 1865 when the 13th Amendment to the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. Constitution was ratified.