Preparing for the World of Open Access

Walt Warnick, Ph.D.Director, Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Scientific and Technical Information Program Annual Meeting

May 4, 2011

Scientific Progress

Information Is Critical to Scientific Progress

Organizations Universities, schools Government labs, agencies Research and Medical Centers Libraries, Museums Virtual Organizations Communities

Expertise Research and Scholarship Education Learning and Workforce Development Interoperability and operations Cyberscience

Networking Campus, national, international networks Research and experimental networks End-to-end throughput Cybersecurity

Computational Resources Supercomputers Clouds, Grids, Clusters Visualization Compute services Data Centers

Information Databases, Data repositories Collections and Libraries Data Access; storage, navigation management, mining tools, curation, privacy

Scientific Instruments Large Facilities, MREFCs,,telescopes Colliders, shake Tables Sensor Arrays - Ocean, environment, weather, buildings, climate. etc

Software Applications, middleware Software development and supportCybersecurity: access, authorization, authentication

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Good Research Needs Good Data!Science Needs Information Access to Full Coverage of Literature

AND Access Beyond Traditional Forms of STI

Life at the scientific frontier is changing.

The ways in which research is conducted, conveyed, and shared are far different today than just a few years ago.

Yet these changes only hint at the technology-driven transformation that is on the horizon.

- Just as we in STIP transformed access from “bib data” in databases to searchable FT documents, now we need to ensure that access goes beyond the boundaries of full text.

Among federal R&D circles, access to new forms of STI and open access are being explored.

Image credit: Found Drama on Flickr

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The Changing Landscape

““The rules have changed. In a single generation, The rules have changed. In a single generation, revolutions in technology have transformed the revolutions in technology have transformed the

way we live, work and do business… . In way we live, work and do business… . In America, innovation doesn’t just change our America, innovation doesn’t just change our

lives. It is how we make our living.”lives. It is how we make our living.”

“This is our generation’s Sputnik moment.”—President Obama, State of the Union, 2011

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Policy

America COM-PETES Act

OSTP IPAC

DOE O 241.1B revision

Guidance for DOE Contracts & Grants

Technology Developments

Digital Object Identifiers for datasets

Peer-to-peer network communications

Science video search

E-link process enhancements

Digitizing legacy collection

Interlinking content

Mobile apps

Collaboration

DataCite participation

ScienceCinema MS Research partnership

CENDI & Science.gov Alliance

ICSTI & WWS Alliance

ORCID

NDSA

NFAIS

How Have We Been Preparing?

By multitasking!By multitasking! We are moving down We are moving down 3 “paths” in parallel…3 “paths” in parallel…

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Open Access: Summary of Recent Activities

Separate Legislative and Executive Initiatives

• Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA)Required implementation of public access policyRequired preservation and electronic format

• OSTP InitiativeLaunched “Public Access Policy Forum” Issued Request for Information Established interactive forum

Culminates in Legislation Passed This Year

• America COMPETES Reauthorization ActRequires OSTP ActionEstablishes interagency working groups

4000 comments

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America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010

Digital data

SEC. 103. INTERAGENCY PUBLIC ACCESS COMMITTEE.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director shall establish a working group under the National Science and Technology Council with the responsibility to coordinate Federal science agency research and policies related to the dissemination and long-term stewardship of the results of unclassified research, including digital data and peer-reviewed scholarly publications, supported wholly, or in part, by funding from the Federal science agencies.

Research resultsDisseminationLong-term stewardship

Scholarly publications

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INTERAGENCY PUBLIC ACCESS COMMITTEE.

Two working groups have very recently been formed by OSTP:

(1) Digital Data – Members of the Interagency Working Group on Digital Data (IWGDD) will continue andserve in WG that reports to NSTC

(2) Scholarly Pubs – OSTI Director is DOE rep and one of the co-chairs for the “Public Access to Scientific Publications” (PASP) task force

IPACIPAC

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Stakeholder input to help form DOE policy

• Office of Science has enlisted its Advisory Committees (FACAs) to report on dissemination practices for digital data and scholarly publications (six FACAs, one for each program)

• Several labs have reps on the FACAs

• The reports will be reviewed within DOE to help form the DOE recommendation. OSTI will be involved in review and assessment of reports.

Within DOEWithin DOE

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Open Access Environment: What’s happening across agencies?NIH Policy

Investigators are expected to share the primary data, samples, physical collections and other supporting materials created or gathered in the course of work under NSF grants. Grantees are expected to encourage and facilitate such sharing. NSF Data Management Plan Requirements implemented for proposals submitted or due on or after January 18, 2011.

75% compliance

Requires all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication

Will agencies follow NIH? IPAC will answer that

question.

NSF Data Sharing Policy

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Our Challenge

For each agency to do for science what NLM has done for life/biosciences

…but method can be different

(not “1-size fits all”)

Desired outcome!

NLM Is Enriching Access by Linking Digital Assets

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DOE O 241.1B: Recognized the Changing Environment and New Forms of STI

• Reflected our observation of the changing environment headed our way. OSTI and STIP needed to prepare. 

• Scientific communication has been transformed by modern technologies.

• Technology in part motivated the update, rather than the Order revisions driving changes to STIP. 

• The Order does not require a lab to create STI nor does it require the STI that labs publish to be in any particular format. 

• In those cases where labs are creating and publishing STI in new or traditional forms, the Order sets out the means for ensuring such STI is made known to OSTI so that it becomes globally searchable and made readily available for use in future scientific endeavors, and is attributable to DOE programs who fund the work.

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Forging New Frontiers

ORCID - Open Researcher & Contributor ID• OSTI has joined key publishers and other research

institutions• Opportunities to benefit from collaboration are

anticipated

DataCite, international consortium on digital research datasets• OSTI recently accepted into membership; now one of 3 US

members• Registration of DOE datasets is eagerly anticipated

CrossRef• CrossRef is adding a “funding agency” field, of obvious benefit in

acknowledging the agencies and the results of R&D

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Accessible Scientific Research Data

Many disciplines overlap and use data from other sciences

Internet can unify all literature and data

Go from lit to computation to data and back to lit

Info at your fingertips for everyone-everywhere

Of STIP scope:

Publicly available research datasets

Not raw data

Not restricted data

Premise: Science advances only if knowledge is shared

Corollary: Accelerating the sharing of scientific knowledge accelerates the advancement of science

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DataCite Membership

The goal: To improve access to scientific research datasets produced by DOE-funded researchers by providing the DOI registration service.• Provide the information infrastructure to identify, access, and preserve DOE-sponsored R&D results, with persistent identifiers being applied. • Develop means to link a broader range of R&D results, beyond text documents, using DOIs for DOE-sponsored scientific research datasets.

DataCite has registered over 1,000,000 DOI names.

International consortium to establish easier access to scientific research data

California Digital Library and Purdue University are the other two U.S. members. CDL is here today to share their experiences and insights.

Data that are: toStructured Collections that

are:

Unmanaged                        

Managed

Disconnected                        

Connected

Invisible                        

Findable

Single-use                        

Reusable

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ScienceCinema Emerging Forms of Scientific Information Require New Tools

www.osti.gov/sciencecinema

www.osti.gov/dataexplorer

Launched: Feb. 8, 2011

Content: 1,000 hours of DOE videos provided by STIP members and other sources

Upcoming – adding CERN!

We produce open access products that make DOE R&D results available.

Tools were developed to uniquely address each type of STI and the manner in which it was published.

New tools address new forms of STI.

Launched in June 2008

Will be updated by research datasets, with DOIs obtained via DataCite

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ScienceCinema CERN Multimedia Soon Playing at ScienceCinema!

www.osti.gov/sciencecinema

• DOE and CERN have longstanding research collaborations.• After ScienceCinema was launched at the ICSTI workshop, CERN

proposed a partnership with OSTI to apply the speech indexing technology to its multimedia files. 

• Because this would demonstrate the DOE-CERN partnership even further, this is in progress now.

• The first major installment of CERN multimedia content is being added to ScienceCinema and will be available soon. Additional content to be added on an ongoing basis. 

• CERN's complete collection of scientific multimedia includes over 5,000 video and audio files. 

• A "search DOE only" button will maintain the identity and integrity of the DOE videos.

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• Make video full-text searchable• Enable mobile applications• Create DOIs for numeric data sets

But a gap exists in STI – journal articles covering DOE-funded projects

We want to collaborate with publishers to make the total R&D record linkable and findable, wherever the information resides

What Is OSTI Missing?What Is OSTI Missing?Opportunities On the HorizonOpportunities On the Horizon

We are taking advantage of innovative web technologies to:

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 Articles Cited by DOE Labs • OSTI receives some citation information from DOE labs for DOE-sponsored

research published in peer-reviewed journals

Potential to Collaborate with Publishers• Number of citations for a specific publisher to be analyzed• For example: For Wiley journals, since 2002, approx. 1000 citations reported to

OSTI for research published in 165 Wiley journals.• DOIs were obtained from CrossRef for only 50% of the Wiley citations  - an

area for improvement.• Wiley-OSTI pilot project recently initiated. • Addition of “Funding Agency” as a metadata field is a start.

OSTI & Journals: Building Relationships

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From Science to Innovations to Jobs

Make more scientific and technical content searchable (to include charts, graphs, tables, etc., in machine-readable formats)

Move beyond text – numeric data, images, audio, video, etc.

Enhance precision search capabilities

Leverage collaboration tools (social media, peer-to-peer networks)

Integrate semantic technologies

i-Science: An Interagency Challenge

The i’s in i-Science (in addition to Internet)

Information

Ideas

Innovations

Individuals

CENDI Working to CENDI Working to Meet Meet

Administration’s Administration’s Grand ChallengeGrand Challenge

Ultimate Goal: Interlinking and Search Across All Types of Digital Assets