open access 101: copyright, open access and free licensing

OPEN ACCESS 101

Michaela Voigt | [email protected]

University Library of TU Berlin | Workshop at IPODI Office on June 15th 2015

If not indicated otherwise content is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Copyright, Open Access & free licensing

mailto:[email protected]

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Agenda

I. German Copyright: Core principles

II. Open Access: Basics

a. Green Road

b. Golden Road

III. Creative Commons licenses

Open Access 101 | Michaela Voigt | Workshop at IPODI Office on June 15th 2015

GERMAN COPYRIGHT: CORE PRINCIPLES

Copyright protection

• Author = creator of a work• Supervisors of theses, student papers etc. are not considered to be creators

• Only natural persons (creators) can claim full copyright• vs. rights holder: natural or legal person

WHO

• Protection of original works• Ideas, concepts etc. are not protectable

• Work = intellectually created by a natural person (§ 2 UrhG) a.o.t• Literary works• Photographic works• Cinematographic works

WHAT

• Protected by law• No further registration necessary (in contrast to patents, trademarks, logos etc.)• Copyright term: 70 years after the creator‘s death

HOW


Authors‘ Rights

• Right of first publication• Recognition of authorship• Right prohibit distortions of the work

Moral rights

(§§ 12–14)

• Reproduction• Distribution• Making available to the public• Performance, presentation• …

Exploitation rights

(§§ 15–24)


http://dejure.org/gesetze/UrhG/12.html




Transfer of rights

• Rights of use can be transfered (§ 31 UrhG)• … for each type of use individually• … limited in time (e.g. timespan of 5 years)• … geographically limited (e.g. distribution within Europe)• … as exclusive or non-exclusive right

Exploitation rights

• Rights holder can use the work exclusively• Even creator has to obtain rights for further use(s)Exclusive

• Rights holder can use the work• Creator can transfer non-exclusive rights to different

(natural or legal) persons

Non-exclusive


Publishing Agreements

- Creator grants

Non-exclusive / exclusive rights

Rights to certain / all uses- Freedom of contract: contract partners negotiate terms

NB: inalienable right to self-archiving (cf. § 38 (4) UrhG)- Read your publication agreement and modify it if necessary!

Cross out sections where transfer of exclusive rights is

demanded

Retain rights with help of Author Addendum (SPARC Author's

Addendum recommended)


http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.shtml



OPEN ACCESS: THE BASICS

Open Access Declarations


Budapest Open Access

Initiative: Budapest

Declaration

Feb 2002

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing

June 2003

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities

Oct 2003

http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

http://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4725199




http://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration







Berlin DeclarationOpen access contributions must satisfy two conditions:1) The author(s) and right holder(s) of such contributions grant(s) to all users a free,

irrevocable, worldwide, right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship (community standards, will continue to provide the mechanism for enforcement of proper attribution and responsible use of the published work, as they do now), as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.

2) A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in an appropriate standard electronic format is deposited (and thus published) in at least one online repository using suitable technical standards (such as the Open Archive definitions) that is supported and maintained by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, inter operability, and long-term archiving.


Benefits of Open Access

Increased visibility and

citation advantage

Free access to publicly financed research results

Authors retain

exploitation rights

Good findability by

search engines &

other indexing services

Promoteinternational

and inter-disciplinary cooperation

Promote research

efficiency by rapid

discussion of research results

Improved supply of

information & response to serials

crisis


Roads to Open Access

Golden Road Green Road


Happiness Is Only Real When Shared, by Jose Roberto V Moraes, licensed under CC BY 2.0

muhuhuhuhuh, by Alex4739924, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

https://www.flickr.com/photos/galego/3491764744/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/galego/


https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green-Forest-Wallpaper-green-20036604-1280-1024.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alex4739924&action=edit&redlink=1

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0



OPEN ACCESS: GREEN ROAD

Roads to Open Access: Green OA

In addition to traditional Closed Access publication

Deposit on• Institutional repository• Disciplinary repository

Usually no transfer of further rights to public• Restricted re-use

Dependant on rights holder‘s policy• Embargo?• Version?


The choice is yours…(1) Insitutional repository

- Text publicationsArticles, book chaptersConference contributions,

proceedingsPreprints, project reportsTheses…

- Research Data Audio Images Software Video …

https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin

https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/


https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin/home

https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin/home



The choice is yours… (2) Cross-institutional and/or disciplinary repository

And many more Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) http://www.opendoar.org Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) http://roar.eprints.org/ Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data) http://re3data.org/


https://www.econstor.eu/http://biorxiv.org/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed http://figshare.com/

http://arxiv.org/

http://datadryad.org/

http://cogprints.org/

http://zenodo.org/

http://www.ssoar.info/

http://www.opendoar.org/

http://www.opendoar.org/

http://roar.eprints.org/

http://roar.eprints.org/

http://re3data.org/

https://www.econstor.eu/

https://www.econstor.eu/

http://biorxiv.org/

http://biorxiv.org/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

http://figshare.com/

http://figshare.com/

http://arxiv.org/

http://arxiv.org/





http://zenodo.org/

http://zenodo.org/



Consider your institutional repository!

- Persistent Identifier (URN / DOI)

- Objects are retrievable via

Library catalogue (e.g. TU Library, KOBV, German National Library)

Search engines (the usual suspects)

Academic search engines (e.g. BASE, Google Scholar)

- Services for authors

Rights clearance service

Depositing service

Advise on free licenses

PDF/A support


http://portal.ub.tu-berlin.de/

http://dnb.de/

http://www.base-search.net/

http://scholar.google.de/

http://www.ub.tu-berlin.de/en/university-press-and-theses/open-access/




Self-archiving

Publishers‘ policies Legal right

Special OA rights

Get permission from publisher


Publishers‘ policies

- Many publishers allow self-archiving- Conditions can differ

Preprint, postprint or publisher‘s PDF?

Personal website, institutional repository, disciplinary repository?

Embargo of 6, 12 oder 24 month?


Publishers‘ policies II

- General information,

not legally binding- Database on journal

publishers‘ policies on

self-archiving- Policies for

monographic works

have to be checked

separately

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/




Authors may self-archive the author’s accepted manuscript of their articles on their own websites. Authors may also deposit this version of the article in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later. He/ she may not use the publisher's version (the final article), which is posted on SpringerLink and other Springer websites, for the purpose of self-archiving or deposit. Furthermore, the author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be provided by inserting the DOI number of the article in the following sentence: “The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOI]”


Legal right to self-archive§ 38 (4) German Copyright Law

- Can not be revoked as part of a publishing agreement- Periodical contributions only- Postprint only- 12 month embargo- Valid for publications dating vom January 2014 or later

(…) scientific contribution which is the result of a research activity publicly funded by at least fifty percent and which has appeared in a collection which is published periodically at least twice per year (…)(translated by Ute Reusch / juris GmBH)


http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_urhg/englisch_urhg.html







Special Open Access rights

- Some publishers grant special open access rights as part of a licensing

agreement- Germany: e.g. „Allianz-Lizenz“ and „Nationallizenz“- Conditions can differ

Postprint or publisher‘s PDF?

Personal website, institutional repository, disciplinary repository?

Embargo of 6, 12 oder 24 month?



- Publisher does not have official OA policy?- Legal right to self-archive does not apply?- No special OA rights known or in existance?

It does not hurt to ask! Often, not always, publishers grant the right when asked directly…


Self-archiving

Publishers‘ policies Legal right

Special OA rights


It‘s often difficult to decide whether the legal right to self-archiving applies or what a publisher‘s policy on self-archiving is exactly.

We are happy to help. Please contact us: [email protected]



OPEN ACCESS: GOLDEN ROAD

Roads to Open Access: Gold OA

Access to peer reviewed version• Immediatedly• Online• Worldwide• Free of cost

Transfer of rights to public• Copy• Share• Distribute


Again, the choice is yours…

And many more Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) http://doaj.org/ Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) http://www.doabooks.org/


http://doaj.org/

http://doaj.org/

http://www.doabooks.org/


Business and publication models

- Publication types

Journals, series,

monographs, …- Publishing models

E-only

Hybrid

- OA is not free of cost- Business models e.g.

Article processing charge (APC)

Membership models

Institutional sponsorship

Subscription fees for hybrid

model


What about quality?

- OA is not per se indicator on quality

OA = publishing model

Just like in closed access world: publishers and editors have to

ensure quality- When choosing a publisher make sure…

Professional management

Proper peer review

Proper license- Check out Beall‘s List on predatory OA publishers (esp. Criteria for

determining…)


http://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/


https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/criteria-2015.pdf






Recommendations

• Check out OA alternatives in your discipline

• Ask library or programm manager for help

Publish Open Access!

• Proper licensing (CC BY)• Professional publisherGo Gold OA!

• Read publishing contracts & negotiate terms

• Retain rights to self-archive• Keep post prints

Gold OA not possible? Go Green OA!


CREATIVE COMMONS

CC in a nutshell

- Non-profit organization- Founded in 2001 in USA- Version 1.0 of licenses released in 2002- Licenses developed in the US

Intended for international use- License modules evolved over the years

Latest version is 4.0 of 2013


Why CC licenses?

- Use creative potential: facilitate use and

distribution of works- Apply copyright in the digital world

(c) All rights reserved

(cc) Some rights reserved

Tool to expand default values of

copyright

Rights and duties for creators & users

Licensor cannot revoke these freedoms

as long as you follow the license terms

Figure by Timothy Vollmer (cc) 2013, licensed under CC BY 4.0 International


https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/39639




Modular design

4 license modules 6 possible types of licenses- BY: Attribution- SA: Share-alike- NC: Non-commercial- ND: No derivatives


License elements

- Legal code- Human readable version (commons

deed)- Machine readable version


Three “Layers” Of Creative Commons Licenses by Creative Commons, licensed under CC BY 3.0 Unported

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%81-license-layers.png



http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en


Legal code


Human readable version (commons deed)


Machine readable version


License terms

Always allowed

• Reproduce and distribute

• Perform publicly

Always mandatory

• Give attribution

• Link to source• Link to

license

Possibly further restrictions

• Example 1: commercial use

• Example 2: derivatives


Why not…?

NC – Non-commercial

• Notion “non-commercial” not clearly defined

• Prohibition of uses that you actually would want to allow

SA – Share-alike

• Threat of license incompatibility for further uses

• Princible of “copyleft” applies to “adaptations” only – partly difficult to distinguish: what is an adaptation?

ND – No Derivatives

• Partly difficult to distinguish: what is an adaptation or derivative?

• Not compatible with demand to re-use of open access works


Why not…?


• Notion “non-commercial” not clearly defined

• Prohibition of actually desired uses

SA – Share-alike

• Threat of license incompatibility for further uses

• Princible of “copyleft” applies to “adaptions” only – partly difficult to distinguish: what is an adaptation?


• Partly difficult to distinguish: what is an adaptation or derivative?

• Not compabtible with demand to reuse of open access works

Only CC BY complies with demands to re-use open access works.



- Legal code does not define “commercial” clearly - So far there is no clear (German) court ruling to interprete term “non-commercial”- When in doubt it‘s better to abstain from using a NC-licensed work- Recommendation: avoid NC modul when licensing own (scholarly) works

You may not exercise any of the rights granted to You in Section 3 above in any manner that is primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation. The exchange of the Work for other copyrighted works by means of digital file-sharing or otherwise shall not be considered to be intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation, provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the exchange of copyrighted works.(see 4. b of CC BY NC 3.0 legal code)

A commercial use is one primarily intended for commercial advantage or monetary compensation.(see tool tip for “commercial purpose“ in CC BY NC 3.0 commons deed)


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

SA – Share-alike

- SA module applies to adaptations “only”- Goal: extend pool of freely licensed works- Most commonly known user: Wikipedia- NB: what does “adaptation” mean?

You may Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation only under the terms of: (i) this License; (ii) a later version of this License with the same License Elements as this License; (iii) a Creative Commons jurisdiction license (either this or a later license version) that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 US)); (iv) a Creative Commons Compatible License.(see 4. b of CC BY SA 3.0 legal code)


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode


“Adaptation” means a work based upon the Work, or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, adaptation, derivative work, arrangement of music or other alterations of a literary or artistic work, or phonogram or performance and includes cinematographic adaptations or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted including in any form recognizably derived from the original, except that a work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical work, performance or phonogram, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image (“synching”) will be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License.(see 1. a of CC BY-ND 3.0 legal code)

Adaptation – yes or no?

Strictly technical changes and copies?

No, see CC-Lizenztextlesung (Video in German, cf. 00:35:00)

Use a CC-licensed song to add music to a video?

Yes, see CC-Lizenztextlesung (Video in German, cf. 00:36:50)

Inclusion in collection? No, see paragraph 1. a CC BY 3.0 legal code

Trim or colorize a photo? Maybe: trimming a photo is an adaptation if it changes the photo‘s message (cf. court ruling OLG Köln, Urteil vom 31.10.2014, Az. 6 U 60/14)


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/legalcode

http://youtu.be/HXQa8xjKLPA

http://youtu.be/HXQa8xjKLPA

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode

http://openjur.de/u/746870.html

Contact

[email protected]

Michaela Voigt 030 314 76130

Dagmar Schobert 030 314 76127

www.ub.tu-berlin.de/

http://blogs.ub.tu-berlin.de/openaccess/

@UB_TU_Berlin

http://de.slideshare.net/UB_TU_Berlin



http://www.ub.tu-berlin.de/

http://blogs.ub.tu-berlin.de/openaccess/

https://twitter.com/UB_TU_Berlin

https://twitter.com/UB_TU_Berlin

http://de.slideshare.net/UB_TU_Berlin

Source credits

- “What Is the Problem?” graphic, content by Jill Cirasella / graphic design by Les LaRue,

http://www.leslarue.com/, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0

Unported License

- Happiness Is Only Real When Shared, by Jose Roberto V Moraes, licensed under CC BY 2.0

- muhuhuhuhuh, by Alex4739924, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

- Fix copyright figure by Timothy Vollmer (cc) 2013, licensed under CC BY 4.0 International

- Three “Layers” Of Creative Commons Licenses by Creative Commons, licensed under

CC BY 3.0 Unported


http://www.leslarue.com/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US










http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green-Forest-Wallpaper-green-20036604-1280-1024.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alex4739924&action=edit&redlink=1









Further reading

- Information provided by the University Press: http://verlag.tu-berlin.de/

- TU Berlin, Referat V D: Leitfaden Urheberrecht der Technischen Universität Berlin (13.11.2014)

- Beall, Jeffrey Beall‘s List on predatory OA publishers Criteria for Determining Predatory Open-Access Publishers

- Creative Commons: Frequently Asked Questions Best practices for attribution instruction incl. Examples for how to mark CC-licensed works License Versions information on backround, history and differences between the different

versions of CC licenses

- SHERPA/RoMEO Database on journal publishers‘ policies on self-archiving

- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)- February 2015: more than 10000 scholarly OA journals documented

- Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)- February 2015: more than 2700 OA books by approx. 90 publishers documented- Allows search for publishers that publish OA books


http://verlag.tu-berlin.de/

http://verlag.tu-berlin.de/

https://www.eduzen.tu-berlin.de/sites/default/files/Urheberrechtsleitfaden_2014_11_12_b.pdf





https://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ





https://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Users






https://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_Versions

https://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_Versions



http://doaj.org/


http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=publisher&uiLanguage=en

Further reading (2)

- SPARC Author's Addendum

- Klimpel, Paul: Freies Wissen dank Creative-Commons

-Lizenzen. Folgen, Risiken und Nebenwirkungen der Bedingung »nicht-kommerziell - NC« (2012)

- Kreutzer, Till: Open-Content-Lizenzen. Ein Leitfaden für die Praxis (2011)

- pb21.de: CC-Lizenztextlesung – Juristen und Pädagogen erklären die Creative Commons

Lizenzen (2014) legal experts Till Kreutzer and John H. Weitzmann comment on and explain

legal code of CC licenses (Video in German, approx. 2 h 10 min)

- Search for Creative Commons-licensed content- Wikimedia Commons: search for freely licensed images, audio and video material- Flickr: allows filtering for CC licensed content (see Advanced search)- Google Bilder: after submitting a query select “search tools” and filter for “usage rights”

- open-access.net Information platform about Open Access- a.o.t. information on legal issues and business models- see FAQ for authors





http://irights.info/wp-content/uploads/userfiles/CC-NC_Leitfaden_web.pdf



http://www.unesco.de/fileadmin/medien/Dokumente/Kommunikation/DUK_opencontent_FINAL.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXQa8xjKLPA



http://commons.wikimedia.org/

http://images.google.de/

http://images.google.de/

http://open-access.net/

http://open-access.net/de_en/useful_information_for/authors/




open access 101: copyright, open access and free licensing

Law

open access publishing

open access declarations

rights of use

nonexclusive rights

transfer of rights page

open access free licensing

authors rights right

transfer of exclusive