PRACTICUM REPORT ON

Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential Building

Submitted by

Md. Rubel RanaID: 11206040

Program: BSCE

Submitted to

Chairman

Practicum & Placement CommitteeCEAT-College of Engineering & Technology

IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Date of Submission: 15th December, 2014

“Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential Building”

A Practicum Report Submitted to Practicum & Placement Committee, Department of Civil

Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology (CEAT), IUBAT for the Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirement for the

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) Degree

Prepared by:

Md. Rubel RanaID: 11206040

Program: BSCE

Position Name Signature

Practicum Supervisor Khandaker Iftekharul Islam

Chair, Dept. of Civil Engg. Prof. Dr. Monirul Islam

Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering & Technology (CEAT)

IUBAT−International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Date of Submission: 15th December, 2014

Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied

Residential Building

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Letter of Transmittal

15th December 2014

Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul IslamChair, Department of Civil EngineeringIUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology4, Embankment Drive Road, Uttara Model Town,Sector 10, Dhaka -1230,Bangladesh.

Subject: Submission of practicum report.

Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure for me to submit the report on “Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential Building” as partial fulfillment of the requirements of B.Sc. Engineering degree in Civil Engineering program from IUBAT. All the necessary steps are taken to make this report up to standard.

The main objective for conducting this academic paper is to explore the fundamental factors,

which are directly or indirectly significant in the construction of structural work. The monitoring

work is executed to find out all the necessary data and information to implement of structural

work in a better way. I got the opportunity to increase my practical knowledge while conducting

the practicum and preparing report. Now I am looking forward for your kind appraisal regarding

this practicum report.

It would be my pleasure if I get the opportunity to interpret any terminology that seems difficult to explain to you.

Thanking you,

Sincerely yours,

---------------------------Md. Rubel RanaID: 11206040Department of Civil EngineeringIUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

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To Whom It May Concern

This is to certify that Md. Rubel Rana, a student of BSCE program at IUBAT 6 International

University of Business Agriculture and Technology has successfully completed his internship on

“Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential

Building.” from September 2014 to December 2014. He has submitted a copy of his project

report to the Director of the company. He is permitted to submit this practicum report to IUBAT

to fulfill the academic requirement.

……………………………

Mr. Moniruzzman

Director,

Advantage holding ltd.

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Student’s Declaration

I, Md. Rubel Rana, IUBAT ID No # 11206040, declare that I have distinctively prepared this report on “Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential Building” after completion of four months’ internship in Advantage Group of Companies.

I also confirm that the report is only prepared to fulfill the academic requirement and not for any

other purpose.

----------------------------Md. Rubel Rana

ID No # 11206040

Department of Civil Engineering

IUBAT − International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Acknowledgement

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In the process of preparation of my practicum report, I am very thankful to the Almighty who

made be able to complete my research and the practicum report.

In this connection I would further like to pay my gratitude and respect to certain personalities for

their help and enormous co-operation herein.

First of all I would like to pay my gratitude to our respected Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam,

Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, IUBAT, who gave me the opportunity to do the report

on “Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential

Building”.

Then I would like to pay my gratitude to Engr. Mr. Khaliur Rahman, Additional General

Manager of Advantage holding ltd, for his kind leading. And also thank to Khandaker

Iftekharul Islam, Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering IUBAT and my advisor, who

helped me a lot to prepare this report successfully.

Finally, I would like to thanks again to the respected Vice- Chancellor of IUBAT, Prof.

Dr. M Alimullah Miyan because he designated such an environment for learning through which

I got the opportunity to acquire knowledge under BSCE program, and that will be very helpful

for my prospective career.

Sincerely yours,

……………………………..

Md. Rubel Rana

ID No # 11206040

Department of Civil Engineering

IUBAT − International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Table of Contents

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Preparatory Part:

Cover page………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i Title Fly………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii

Title page…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii

Letter of Transmittal............................................................................................................................... iv

To Whom It May Concern........................................................................................................................v

Student’s Declaration.............................................................................................................................vi

Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................................vii

Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................xi

Chapter-1: Introduction...............................................................................................................................1

1.1 General..............................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Objective of the Study.......................................................................................................................1

1.3 Limitation of study.............................................................................................................................1

Chapter-2: Company Profile........................................................................................................................2

2.1 Introduction ......................................................................2

2.2 Background........................................................................................................................................3

2.3 Vision, Mission & Goals of Advantage Group....................................................................................4

2.4 Corporate Structure...........................................................................................................................5

Table: 2.1 Executive Committee Members of Advantage Group of Companies......................................5

2.5 Company Organogram.......................................................................................................................6

My Responsibilities:.................................................................................................................................7

2.6 Landmark Projects of Advantage Holdings Ltd:.................................................................................7

2.7 About My Project...........................................................................................................................10

Fig.2.1: AHL North Star..........................................................................................................................10

2.8 My Project Description....................................................................................................................11

Fig: 2.5 Architectural 1st Floor Plan...................................................................................................11

Chapter-3: Procedure................................................................................................................................12

3.1 Construction process of Column:...................................................................................................12

3.2 Before Casting:................................................................................................................................12

3.3 Column Layout.................................................................................................................................13

Fig: 3.1 Column Layout......................................................................................................................13

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3.4 Column Schedule.............................................................................................................................14

Fig: 3.2 Column Schedule...................................................................................................................14

3.4 Kicker Making:.................................................................................................................................15

Fig: 3.3 Kicker Checking.....................................................................................................................15

3.5 Reinforcement bar placing:.............................................................................................................15

3.6 Tie Binding.......................................................................................................................................16

Fig: 3.4 Checking Tie Spacing.............................................................................................................16

3.7 Shuttering of column.......................................................................................................................16

3.8 Column Shuttering Materials (Steel Shutter)...................................................................................17

3.9 Fixation of column...........................................................................................................................17

3.10 Checking:.......................................................................................................................................17

Fig: 3.5 lapping of Bar Checking.........................................................................................................18

3.11 During casting:...............................................................................................................................18

Fig: 3.6 Casting of Column.................................................................................................................19

3.12 After Casting..................................................................................................................................19

3.13 Construction Process of Beam and Slab:........................................................................................20

Fig: 3.7 Beam Lay-out........................................................................................................................20

3.14 Reinforcement Details of Beam.....................................................................................................21

Fig: 3.8 Reinforcement Details of Beam.............................................................................................21

3.15 Reinforcement Details of Slab.......................................................................................................22

Fig: 3.9 Reinforcement Details of Slab...............................................................................................22

3.16 Steps of Beam & Slab Casting:.......................................................................................................23

3.17 Centering and Shattering of Beam and Slab..................................................................................23

3.18 Material for Wood Shuttering:.......................................................................................................23

3.19 Reinforcement Requirement:........................................................................................................24

3.20 Reinforcement Bar Placing:......................................................................................................24

3.21 Checking:.......................................................................................................................................24

Fig 3.10: Form Work of Beam and Slab..............................................................................................25

Fig3.11 : Reinforcement Placing of Beam.........................................................................................26

Fig3.13: Placing shit on slab shatter...................................................................................................26

Fig3.14: Stirrup Spacing Checking......................................................................................................27

Fig3.15: Bottom Layer Reinforcement Banding of Slab......................................................................28

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Fig3.16: Top Layer Reinforcement Banding of Slab...........................................................................28

Fig3.17: Checking of Bar Spacing of Slab............................................................................................29

Fig3.18: Checking of Beam Depth......................................................................................................29

Fig3.19: Using Block for upper cover of slab......................................................................................30

Fig3.20: Checking of Cranked bar length 1.....................................................................................30

Fig3.21: Electric pipe and Fan box Placement Work..........................................................................31

3.23 Casting of Beam & Slab..............................................................................................................31

3.24 Casting:..........................................................................................................................................32

Fig3.22: Slab Beam Casting................................................................................................................32

Fig3.23: Slab Beam Casting................................................................................................................33

3.25 Compaction Work of Beam & Slab:................................................................................................33

Fig3.24: Compaction with Vibrator....................................................................................................34

3.26 Things should be considered During Casting:................................................................................34

Following things should be considered during casting:.....................................................................34

3.27 Curing of Slab:................................................................................................................................35

Fig3.25: Curing of Slab.......................................................................................................................35

3.28 Construction process of Stair Case................................................................................................36

3.29 Form Work of Stair Case...........................................................................................................36

3.30 Materials Required:.......................................................................................................................36

Fig: Formwork of Stair.......................................................................................................................36

3.31 Checking After From Work:...........................................................................................................37

3.32 Reinforcement detail of stair:........................................................................................................37

3.33 Reinforcement Placement of Stair Case........................................................................................38

Fig: Stair Case Reinforcement Binding...............................................................................................38

3.34 Casting of Stairs:............................................................................................................................39

Fig: Casting of Stair Case....................................................................................................................39

Chapter 4: Problems and Solution.............................................................................................................40

Chapter 5 Experience................................................................................................................................44

5.1 Experience:......................................................................................................................................44

Chapter 6 Consultation:.............................................................................................................................45

6.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................45

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Executive SummaryThis report has been done for the fulfillment of the bachelor degree of Civil engineering at IUBAT after doing four months internship at Advantage holding ltd. The title of this report “Monitoring the Construction Process of Superstructure of a Seven Storied Residential Building.” refers to the whole process of field implementation of a building. The purpose of the report is to provide an in-vivid sequential view of full package construction management to achieve a relatively safe and reliable structure. During the internship period, I have tried to make a good cocktail of all the above mentioned things and in the report I have tried to illustrate these sequentially which will generate a complete picture of construction process. Here, in this report I have focused on the experiences that I gathered in construction of seven storied Residential Building. The main part of this report is designed with the construction procedure of Form work, centering & shuttering, reinforcement bar placing, leveling, requisition of materials, casting, curing etc. I have ensured reinforcement bar placing, spacing of bar, clear cover and shuttering of Beam, Column, Slab, and Stair before casting as per drawing. During casting Structural member I have checked vibrator used straightly or not. The construction process of Beam, Column, Slab, and Stair, are elaborately described in this report. Also I have described some problem with solution. In my report also I have include some recommendations based on my experience.

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Chapter-1: Introduction

1.1 General This report covered the practical and theoretical consideration of construction process of building. Each and every building has super-structure and sub-structure whether the building is residential or commercial. A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above its foundation or basement. Slab, Beam, Column and Stair are the main parts of the super-structure. In this report I am going to discuss the monitoring and controlling of construction process of super structure.

1.2 Objective of the StudyThe specific objectives of this report include:

To acquire knowledge about the steps involving construction process. To understand the structural drawing of a Column, Beam, Slab, and Stair case. To implement the structural drawing into construction site. To supervise the construction work To focus the rising problems and unexpected events and to lessen problems during

implementation.

1.3 Limitation of studyThis report has been prepared on the basis of supervision of construction work that’s why it is not possible to concentrate on other parts of construction and study was limited on supervision work. The field was predefined and it was practiced in monitoring section only.Therefore, it was not possible to represent a complete report like- construction manual, financial involvement, etc. regarding the topic or the opportunity. During preparation of the report, it had to be taken in consideration that the report does not contain any company confidential information, so that organization will be in trouble at their strategic position.

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`Chapter-2: Company Profile

2.1 Introduction                                                                                The name of the company is Advantage Holdings Ltd.This is previously known as Elite properties Ltd.

Head Office:Address Elite Plaza, House # 49, Sonargaon Janapath,

Sector-7 Uttara, Dhaka-1230CellPhone +88 02 8912669Fax +88 02 8912628Email info@advantageholdingsbd.comWebsite www.advantageholdingsbd.com

Corporate Office :Contact Person Md. Khairul Bashar (Elias)

Address Apt # 3A, House # 4, Road # 126 Gulshan-1, Dhaka-1212

Tel +88-02-8817541-1Cell 01714169462Fax +88-02-8817541(Ext-18)Email info@advantageholdingsbd.comWebsiteRehab Membership:

www.advantageholdingsbd.com

2.2 Background

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Advantage Holdings Ltd. a concern of Advantage Group is one of the leading real estate companies in Bangladesh come into being with a pledge to fulfill the housing as well as commercial apartment need of the populous city of Dhaka and engaged in Real Estate Development, Construction and other associated business.

Advantage has a very strong financial support and expertise to construct Residential Apartments, Commercial Buildings, Shopping Centers, resort development and marketing plots for investment or construction purposes. Accordingly, from it's very inception the company continued its advancement in development works and expanded the projects in all prime locations like Uttara, Gulshan, Banani, Niketon, Eskaton, Paltan, Shantinagar, Moghbazar, Dhanmondi, Laxmibazar, Wari, Mohakhali etc. Many Residential Apartments, Shopping Centers and Commercial Buildings were undertaken and completed successfully and handed over accordingly and the company is in force with numbers of ready and ongoing projects.

Within a short span of time, Advantage has grown into a renowned and dependable organization, building elegant, aesthetically pleasing structures that grace Dhaka's finest neighborhoods.

Advantage has steadily consolidated its expertise in developing projects and has gained a high reputation in successfully completing its assignments and takes pride in the development of Residential Apartments, Shopping Centers and Commercial Buildings.

At Advantage expert engineering team and architects are taking care of every project and all construction materials, finishing products and other equipment are procured with great care so as to ensure highest possible standard of quality in every stage of construction for ensuring stability and customer satisfaction. Advantage is committed to maintain a very high standard in quality control and workmanship. Use of high performance materials and high-tech equipment is a daily routine for Advantage family.

Every projects of Advantage provides all types of modern facilities with compact security, charming environment and spontaneous air ventricular at affordable price and would be the first choice of those who wish to live and would like to enjoy comfortable and peaceful living.

Advantage feels social responsibilities to serve the people by providing elegant, commodious & comfortable flats and apartments both housing & commercial with quality and commitment. With this end in view the company is working with a dynamic set of management personnel and skilled work force. We look forward to see a better future. So, Advantage ensures very competitive and reasonable product price and tentative clients will be illegible to avail apartment (s) after booking and availing Bank Loan facility.Besides selling its own projects, Advantage also engaged in the secondary business like sale, purchase and exchange of new-ready and old apartments & commercial spaces within the prime location of Dhaka City.

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2.3 Vision, Mission & Goals of Advantage Group

Vision:

To reach the highest standards of production and establish methodologies of conducting business and institute a bench mark for future and existing companies to follow. We aspire to be a titan and complete multinational conglomerate of Bangladesh. To fulfill this we continue to adapt with the ever changing and dynamic market, adopt new technologies, employ people with latest technical skills and relevant experience, and tap into fruitful business ventures into absolutely new markets through using our stout capital resources and market research team. We are committed towards having a positive impact on the quality of life of the people of Bangladesh in whatever minute magnitude possible, via increasing the size and capacity of the company and hiring from the local workforce to decrease unemployment. All in all, it is dedicated to be the role model for all to be productive, innovative and ethical in conducting business to generate sustainable profits through continuous quality promotion and customer satisfaction.

Mission:

To be the leading Construction, Consultancy and Architecture firm(s) which will only build and promote innovative, cost effective and aesthetically impressive residential dwellings and other structures throughout the country, and in foreign countries.

To provide customer delight in the market of ceramics and to fulfill the demands of animal feed in the country through deliverance of high quality ceramic products and feed attained through controlled supply chain management and providing customers with the best value for their money. Continuation of expanding our current human and capital resources via long term investments into new business opportunities & markets after careful and thorough market analysis.

Goals:

Setting up International Standards for our products and services.Enhance and retain our hard earned trust, loyalty and honesty of our valued clients with highly dedicated personnel.Maintain sustainable growth rate by increasing internal Strength through continuous capacity building to meet global Challenges. Increase the Brand Image & Brand Value for market penetration through internationalization of our companies.

2.4 Corporate Structure

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The main management of the company consists of Chairman & CEO, Vice Chairman, Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director, Executive Director (Marketing), Executive Director (Finance/Administration) and Executive Director (Technical). There are also other employees who are contributing an important role for the Company.

Table: 2.1 Executive Committee Members of Advantage Group of Companies

Sl. Name Designation

1. Mr. S.M. Shamsul Alam, Chairmen & CEO

2. Mr. Syed Sakib Ahsan, Managing Director

3. Mr. Moniruzzman Director

`4. Mr. Syed Saif Hasnain Director

5. Mr. Khairul Bashar General Manager (Operation)

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2.5 Company Organogram

The Organogram of Advantage Holdings Ltd is given below:

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Chairaman

Managing Director

Director Marketing

Manager marketing

Marketing Executive

Manager Procurement

Procurement Executive

Director Finance & Administration

Manager Accounts

Executive Accounts

Administrative Officer

Office Executive

Director Technical

Chief Engineer

Project Coordinator

Project Engineer

Site Supervisor

Security Guard

Intern Engineer (My position)

m

My Responsibilities: Supervise the whole construction work. To assure quality of construction work. Monitoring the labour work. Assuring the site safety.

2.6 Landmark Projects of Advantage Holdings Ltd:

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2.7 About My ProjectProject Name: AHL North Star

Address: Plot # 59, Road #16, Sector 11. Uttara, Dhaka

Fig.2.1: AHL North Star

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2.8 My Project Description

Fig: 2.5 Architectural 1st Floor Plan

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Chapter-3: Procedure

3.1 Construction process of Column:Column construction can be classified into three major parts like-

Before Casting During Casting After Casting

3.2 Before Casting:

Column Layout Column schedule Kicker Making Reinforcement bar placing Tie Binding Shuttering of column Fixation of column

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3.3 Column Layout

Fig: 3.1 Column Layout

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3.4 Column Schedule

Fig: 3.2 Column Schedule

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3.4 Kicker Making: First step is to find out the position of the column on slab by plum bob. Then chipping out of existing surface and brushing of reinforcement bars. Afterward 18’’ height kicker shutter placed according to the measurement and then

concreting. Finally clear cover and dimension of column have been checked.

Fig: 3.3 Kicker Checking

3.5 Reinforcement bar placing:

All reinforcement bars was cleaned before using in construction. To cut the reinforcement as per sizes those are shown in the drawing. To check the dia of bar as per drawing. Check the vertical straightness of steel by fiber and plumb bob. Keep clear cover of concrete to protect reinforcement. I have measured the spacing of main bar by tape as per drawing. I make sure the number of bars as per drawing by counting.

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3.6 Tie Binding

10mm MS bar is used for column tie according to design.

To make sure the spacing of tie bar by measuring tape as per drawing.

I confirm the tie bar is bound strongly by sufficient wire.

To ensure the dimension of the tie and the lapping portion of the tie bar have placed

alternative corner of the column.

Fig: 3.4 Checking Tie Spacing

3.7 Shuttering of column

The next work is form placing, after checking the leveling and tie placing. The form consists of panels fabricated out of thin steel plates stiffened along the edges by

small steel angles. The panel units can be held together through the use of suitable clamps or bolts and nuts. The panels can be fabricated in large number in any desired modular shape or size. Steel shattering is more suitable for circular or curved structures.

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3.8 Column Shuttering Materials (Steel Shutter)

Tan bolts Nuts Screw Steel props Jute tape Kicker shutter & Column Form made of 18SWG Steel Sheet

3.9 Fixation of column To clean the steel form with steel scraper in order to make it free of rust or other foreign

materials.

Do apply oil either mobile or thin tar to the form for avoiding sticking of concrete.

Tighten the column with shutter and nut.

Tightness of nut and bolt should be checked.

Vertical placement is checked by plum-bob.

Maintain Clear cover 1.5ʹʹ by using concrete block.

3.10 Checking: Vertical alignment of column shutter was checked by using plum bob.

The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout

Checking the forms is cleaned & oiled.

Check the vertical alignment of longitudinal bar & tie bar.

Ensuring the clear cover of column.

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Fig: 3.5 lapping of Bar Checking

3.11 During casting:

i. Maintaining proper water, cement and aggregate ratio.

ii. Use vibrator Machine properly at 450 angles.

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Fig: 3.6 Casting of Column

3.12 After Casting

Removal of Formwork After 72 hours from casting shutter has been removed

Curing of Column

Curing of column was done for three times in a day. In my project curing work continued up to 14 days.

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3.13 Construction Process of Beam and Slab:

Beam Lay-Out:

Fig: 3.7 Beam Lay-out

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3.14 Reinforcement Details of Beam

Fig: 3.8 Reinforcement Details of Beam

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3.15 Reinforcement Details of Slab

Fig: 3.9 Reinforcement Details of Slab

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3.16 Steps of Beam & Slab Casting: Centering & Shuttering

Reinforcement bar placing

Leveling

Requisition of materials

Casting

Curing

3.17 Centering and Shattering of Beam and Slab

First step was to cut the wood planks in proper size. (Planks size usually 5ˊˊ × 1.5ˊˊ and Runners

size usually 3ˊˊ × 2ˊˊ)

Then Runners were paced (Runner spacing 2ˊ-0ˊˊ to 2ˊ-6ˊˊ)

Runner was supported by bamboo.

Wood planks were placed over runner. (Wood plank spacing 5ˊˊ to 6ˊˊ)

Vertical and horizontal level was checked by water leveling.

18-BWG Sheet was used over the wood planks.

3.18 Material for Wood Shuttering: Wood

Bamboo

Nails

Still nails

24 gauge wire

MS rod

Plain Sheet

3.19 Reinforcement Requirement:

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Beam- 16 mm, 20mm, & 25mm.

Slab- 8mm, 10mm, & 12mm for extra top.

3.20 Reinforcement Bar Placing: First step was to place the beam reinforcement.

Then slab reinforcement was placed.

Afterward, 0.75in x1 in x1 in concrete block was used for clear cover at bottom

portion of slab

On the other hand 1.5 in x1 in x1 in concrete block was used for clear cover

between top and Bottom reinforcement of beam.

3.21 Checking: Checking shattering

Checking vertical props

Laying of the steel sheet

Water leveling

Rod placement checking

Extra top and bottom checking

Development length checking

Stirrup checking

Beam depth and width checking

Slab thickness check

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Fig 3.10: Form Work of Beam and Slab

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Fig3.11 : Reinforcement Placing of Beam

Fig3.13: Placing shit on slab shatter

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Fig3.14: Stirrup Spacing Checking     

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Fig3.15: Bottom Layer Reinforcement Banding of Slab

Fig3.16: Top Layer Reinforcement Banding of Slab

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Fig3.17: Checking of Bar Spacing of Slab

Fig3.18: Checking of Beam Depth

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Fig3.19: Using Block for upper cover of slab

Fig3.20: Checking of Cranked bar length 1

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3.22 Checking at conduit work:

Checking at electric pipe Electric pipe joint checking Fan box level checking Broken pipe checking All of internal connection line checking

Fig3.21: Electric pipe and Fan box Placement Work

3.23 Casting of Beam & Slab Site Engineer and all labors should take care during casting of floor beam & slab. Check there is any gap/ holes in the form and close with putty or thin metal steel

not to permit leakage of cement grout. To flow the thickness of slab Vibrating must properly. Don’t vibrating in same place for long time it is harmful for concrete and it is

create segregation. Use vibrator in vertically for compaction of concrete.

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3.24 Casting:During slab casting, the following things were considered:

Casting has been done by ready mix concrete

Concrete requirement strength 3500 psi

Thickness of the slab

Joint of steel sheets

Fig3.22: Slab Beam Casting

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Fig3.23: Slab Beam Casting

3.25 Compaction Work of Beam & Slab:During compaction work the flowing things should be considered:

Use vibrator in vertically at 450 for compaction of concrete.

Vibrating must properly.

Don’t vibrating in same place for long time it is harmful for concrete and it is create

segregation.

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Fig3.24: Compaction with Vibrator

3.26 Things should be considered During Casting:

Following things should be considered during casting: Alignment

Vibrating must properly

To checking clear cover

Check Props settlement

Proper Curing work

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3.27 Curing of Slab: Use pond curing for slab Making water briar around the slab So that water can stay the on the slab Curing should continue at list 7 days to 14 days.

Fig3.25: Curing of Slab

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3.28 Construction process of Stair Case

3.29 Form Work of Stair Case First step was made shuttering for west slab. Afterward centering for trade and riser was maintained.

3.30 Materials Required: Wood Wooden Planks Nails Still nails Pin 24 gauge wire MS bar Plain Sheet

Fig: Formwork of Stair

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3.31 Checking After From Work:

Vertical level of waist slab was censured by water level. Vertical alignment of landing was checked by plum bob Dimension of trade and riser was checked. Vertical alignment of riser was checked. The clear cover was checked.

3.32 Reinforcement detail of stair:

Fig:4.40 Stair Case Lay out

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3.33 Reinforcement Placement of Stair Case

10 mm and 12mm bar was used in stair case. 12mm@ 4” c/c used as main bar. 10mm@ 8”c/c used as binder bar.

Fig: Stair Case Reinforcement Binding

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3.34 Casting of Stairs:For casting purpose of stairs we used Stone chips, Sylhet sand and used clean and fresh water with 1:1.5:2.75 ratios. The concrete was laid continuously and vibrated effectively such that no air gaps are left in the concrete.

Fig: Casting of Stair Case

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Chapter 4: Problems and SolutionProblem-1: Unnecessary voids found after shuttering work

Fig: 4.1 unnecessary voids in formwork

Solution: In this case I told the worker to close this void by welding with plane shit

Problem-2: In some portion of slab concrete block is not used properly.

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Fig: 4.2 Concrete blocks is not used properly

Solution: I told the worker to use the concrete block correctly.

Problem-3: Stirrup is not placing properly and binding of stirrup is not strong enough.

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Fig: 4.3 Stirrup is not placing properly

Solution: Rearrange this portion and stirrup is binding strongly with sufficient wire.

Problem-4: In beam found some stirrup hooks band angle is not correct.

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Fig: 6.4 Stirrup hooks band angle is not correct

Solution: I told the worker to bend the stirrup hooks with 1350 angle

Problem-5: I found some chairs are not binding correctly.

FIg: 4.5 chairs are not binding correctly

Solution: In this case I told the worker to need binding every chair with weir.

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Chapter 5 Experience

5.1 Experience:During my internship I gained some experience from:

Higher officialContactorLabour

Higher official:

As I worked with site engineer, I get some important direction from the higher official when they visited the site. They told to ensure the site safety, proper management of site, inform all information to head office.

Contractor:

From the contractor I have experienced the following things:

Labour management

Engineering materials management

Labour:

Form the labour; I have experienced the following things:

Usually they did not follow drawing Sometimes They did not work accurately Some inexperienced worker do a lot of mistake I have also learned some local terminology from the labour.

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Chapter 6 Consultation:

6.1 ConclusionWithin a very short time of practicum period, It was a tremendous learning experience at AHL

North Star Construction Project. I observed a lot of things regarding every aspect of site. I

concentrated in almost all the matters at the site. It is evident to me that four months time is

completely insufficient to go in depth of the things. It would need more time to really understand

a construction project. However, I am very much thankful for the coherent support from

Advantage Group of Companies. I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and

also in shaping my career.

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