practical application of dna technology
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Practical Application of DNA Technology
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What is DNA Technology?DNA technology refers to a wide range techniques used to study, improve, create, or manipulate the genetic material.
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What Are Some Techniques in DNA Technology?
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You find a healthy person willing to donate some pancreatic cells.Microtubes
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Refrigerated Centrifuge
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Restriction EnzymeTo isolate the insulin gene from the numerous genes found in the DNA obtained from the cells, the DNA must be cut into many tiny fragments.
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Gene AmplificationYou can make many copies of each DNA fragment by gene amplification using a technique polymerase gene amplification.
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Gel ElectrophoresisPlacing the DNA fragments on a gel subjected to an electric field. The fragments move at different speeds and separate from each other along the length of the gel.Technique: gene isolation
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Gene MappingFinding the exact location of a gene in the 46 chromosome of the human cell.
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Recombinant DNA TechnologyYou introduce the insulin gene into a bacterium. Bacteria contain circular DNAs called plasmids.
Refers to the process of creating a DNA molecule by joining together DNA or segments of DNA obtained from two different species.
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Gene CloningAllowing the transformed bacterial cell to reproduce itself. In the process, more bacteria will posses the human insulin gene.
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Given favorable conditions, the bacterial colony will express the gene by producing insulin.
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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
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DNA technology has important uses in basic research and potential applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and forensics.
Practical Applications
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MEDICINEIt has been used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases, correction of genetic disorders, and manufacture of hormones and other pharmaceutical products.
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Newborn ScreeningSimple test done on infants with 48 hours after delivery.Congenital metabolic disorder• Phenylketonuria• Congenital hyperthyroidism• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia• Galactosemia• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
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Gene TherapyDetectible genetic disorders may be corrected through a procedure called gene therapy.Involves:1. Extraction of a few cell from the patient2. Addition of functional genes in a cells of the
patient that carries defective ones3. Reintroduction of the corrected cells into the
patient
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ImmunizationTo five a vaccine to prevent infection by a diseases.
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AGRICULTURE• Increased milk production in cows.• Diseases resistance• Insect resistance• Herbicide tolerance in crops• Delayed ripening of fruit.
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FORENSICSTommie Lee Andrew
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