LEARNING CURVES :• concept developed by Hermann Ebbinghaus• Arthur Bills evolved properties of types of LC.•Theodore Wright stated the effect of Learning on Labour productivity• Brookes explained how learning improved methods , reduces the efforts & resources reqd• is applicable in labour oriented repititve assembly operationsPRINCIPLE :• is never ending process, directly proportionate to complexity, can be forecasted based on habits•People & orgns do their tasks better on repitition.

Assumptions:1. Time taken to produce decreases with

experience2. Cost is inversely proportional to no. of times

the job done3. Rate of improvement lowers over timeSr.No. Experience Curve

EffectLearning Curve Effect

1. More the no. of times a task is done, less is the cost

Less is the time reqd

2. Experience curve ranges from 10-25%

Reqd labour time reduced by 10-15 %

3. As cumulative output doubles, cost falls vary at different scales of operation

As cumulative output doubles, cost falls do not vary at different scales of operation

4. Apllicable in continuous & intermittent production

Shows the reduction in reqd dir lab hrs

Experience & Learning curves are applicable where :

• increase in labour efficiency• Standardization, Specialization, methods

are improved• Learning is technology driven• Altered resource mix• Redesigning of products• Improved supply chain• Sharing experience in case of other

products

Learning curve approaches:Labour cost & Learning rate declines at a steady rate as output doubles.

1. Arithmetic Approach-Time reqd for nth unit= T x Ln

2. Logarithmic Approach – TN = T1 (Nb)3. Co-efficient Approach – TN = T1 x C Limitations :• Learning curve, personnel, work culture,

product design, resource availability, process change varies in every orgn

• LC don’t apply to indirect labour• Time measurements should be accurate

Learning curves are useful in-Labour forecasting, scheduling, estimating

cost & budgetsSupply chain aspectsEvaluating profitability

April 22, 2023 6

THE SPILT BRAIN STUDIES

• The specialised abilities of the two hemisphere

• Left: Language abilities, Speech and Writing

• Right: Visual perception tasks, Non verbal emotional expression and Artistic & Musical appreciation

April 22, 2023 6Thinking Styles Dr. Panch. Ramalingam

April 22, 2023 7

Ned Herrmann   (1922-1999)Pioneer of creative thinking in the corporation and founder of Whole Brain Technology

The whole brain concept, once understood, becomes irresistible” Herrmann 1996.

April 22, 2023 7Thinking Styles Dr. Panch. Ramalingam

WHOLE BRAIN THEORY :• 1981- Roger Sperry -Nobel Prize for his discoveries relating to functional specialization of cerebral hemisheres.• Defn : WHOLE BRAIN THINKING

Awareness of one’s own thinking style+ other’s thinking style+ ability to act outside one’s preferred thinking style

• THINKING STYLES IN WHOLE BRAIN THEORY :1. logician – analytical, mathematical, technical, problem

solving2. Organiser – controlled, conservative, planned,

organized, admins3. Communicator –interpersonal, emotional, musical,

spiritual4. Visionary –imaginative, synthesizing, artistic, holistic,

conceptual

LEFT BRAIN RIGHT BRAIN1. Logical2. Verbal 3. Analytical 4. Linguistic abilities5. Organized6. Rational & Objective

thinking

LEFT BRAIN BIAS –• Prefer reasoning,• Apply logic,

systematic problem solving

1. Creative2. Non-verbal3. Body language4. Relationships5. Art, Music, Pictures6. Emotions & Feelings7. Lateral thinking8. Subjective thinkingRIGHT BRAIN BIAS –• Thrust on creativity,

intuition, random, holistic approach

April 22, 2023 10

11

Whole Brain 4 Thinking Structures

CEREBRAL

LIMBIC

RIGHTLEFT

Cop

yrig

ht 2

002

The

Ned

Her

rman

n G

roup

Whole Brain Model

A

B C

D

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WHOLE BRAIN MODEL

(A) Rational –Left Cerebral Hemisphere (LCH)

(B) Organizational –Left Limbic Hemisphere (LLH)

(C) Human Feeling –Right Limbic Hemisphere (RLH)

(D) Experimental –Right Cerebral Hemisphere

(RCH)12

April 22, 2023 13

• Communication: Break down the barriers, listen better, talk straighter, create a common language

• Conflicts: Find the sources, get to the resolution

• Management: Understanding the implication of your styles

• Productivity: Maximize the brain power of your team

• Creativity: Ignite breakthrough thinking and innovation

Features:

April 22, 2023 13Thinking Styles Dr. Panch. Ramalingam

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WHOLE BRAIN TEACHING AND LEARNING

LogicalRational

QuantitativeTheoretical

OrganizedSequentialProceduralMethodical

VisualConceptual

SimultaneousExperimental

EmotionalExpressive

InterpersonalKinesthetic

A

B C

D

RIGHTLEFT

UPPER

LOWER

ExperientialConc

rete

Intellectual

Instinctual

OPEN MINDED

FEELI

NG-BASEDCONTROLLED

FACT-B

ASED

Non-VerbalVe

rbal

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Directive in all business Comfortable with concrete information, like

computer programming, Mathematical formulas, Medical terms, Legal briefs and Stock market indexes

Lives in a technical world and likes factual evidence

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Brain Dominance through Observation

Quadrant - A style is typically authoritative

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Quadrant - B style is typically traditional, conservative and risk avoiding

• Highly traditional and conservative• Strive for safety and stability• Resist change. • They like order and work best in an

organisation where the lines of authority is clear,

• Strictly follows rules

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The A and B quadrants are practical and realistic.

They are characteristically hard than soft

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Quadrant - C is personable,interactive and care giving

• Highly participative, oriented to teams and communities

• Concerned about the people and comfortable with people

• Ready to help out of the way and counsel others

• They are soft people and musical

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Quadrant – D is holistic, risk oriented, adventurous, initiative and entrepreneurial • Conceptual, imaginative, integrative, adventurous,

risk oriented, global• Talk about possibilities, strategic planning,

independent, inventive, innovative and does always different

• Thinks bout the future, open minded and less conservative

Quadrants C & D are open minded, initiative and flexible

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Quadrants Orientation

• Left mode A / B is male oriented• Right mode C / D is female oriented

• Cerebral styles A / D prefer for technical and experimental thinking

• Limbic styles B /C prefer stability of tradition with a caring responsiveness

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