Vision Impairment

Made by- Hiraa AsifGrade- XPersonal Project Supervisor- Asma Farheen mam

քɛʀֆօռǟʟ քʀօʝɛƈȶ 2015-16

Can you see the text written on the white board of your class?And

Can you read the font of the newspaper clearly?

What if you cant ???

Then surely you are suffering from vision impairment ..!!

What is vision impairment ???Visual impairment is a term experts use to describe any kind of vision loss, whether it's someone who cannot see at all or someone who has partial vision loss.Vision impairment is a condition that prevents normal vision in one or both the eyes.

There are various types of vision problems.Some can no longer see objects far away. Others have problems reading small print. These types of conditions are often easily treated with eyeglasses or contact lenses.

What causes vision impairment ? There are many causes that may lead to loss of vision or lead to impairment of vision.Common causes that lead to visual impairment include injury to the eye, inherited conditions, infections and so forth.>>Heredity: Nearsightedness and farsightedness have a strong genetic component, especially if parent is very nearsighted or farsighted. If both parents are nearsighted or farsighted, there’s a good chance their child will be the same.

>>Eating habits: Nutrition’s and diet matters. Some fruits and vegetables are crucial for optimum eye health, especially ones with vitamins A, C and E, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. Staying hydrated is key for tear production and keeping your eyes well-lubricated. Also, make sure to skip foods high in sodium, which can dehydrate your body.

>>Incorrect postures: >Staring your cell phone: never read tiny text on your cell phone it may become the reason your eye hurt.

>Watching T.V at night: looking at any screen in the dark can cause damage to your eye sight.

>Rubbing your eyes: rubbing your eyes too hard can break the blood vessels under eyelids.>Reading while travelling in bus or car.

>>Eye infections: misuse of makeup is a potential risk

>> Not getting enough sleep: sleep deprivation candry lead to a number of problems. Eyes become twitching, eyes, blurry vision and pain.

Are there any type of vision impairments ??

Yes! There are many kinds of vision impairment. Lets focus on the most common one

Myopia..!! Nearsightedness is the inability to see objects at a distance clearly. In people with myopia, the eyeball is usually slightly longer than normal from front to back. Light rays which make up the images you see, focus in front of, rather than directly on the retina, the light-sensitive part of the eye. When this happens, objects at a distance seem blurry and unclear.

In my case:

Its hereditaryWatching T.VSitting in front of computerReading books from closer distance

Hyper myopia..!! People who are farsighted see things at a distance more easily than they see things up close. If you are very farsighted, close objects may be so blurry that you can't do tasks such as reading or sewing. A farsighted eye sees things differently   than an eye that is not farsighted.

Cataract..!!A cataract is a painless, cloudy area in the lens of the eye that blocks the passage of light to the retina, the nerve layer at the back of the eye, usually causing vision problems. Cataracts are rare in babies and children. But a child may be born with them because of genetics, infection during pregnancy, or low birth weight.

What is the reason behind your vision impairment???

What do you bring in your lunch ??

Diet is an extremely important part of the daily lifestyle choices you make. Foods you eat and the dietary supplements you take affect your overall health as well as the health of your eyes.

A diet high in saturated fat and sugar may increase your risk of eye disease. On the other hand, healthy foods such as greens and fruits may help prevent certain eye diseases and other health problems.

Healthy eating habits ??

All healthy diets should include ample amounts of fresh, colorful fruits and vegetables. In fact, experts recommend that you consume at least five to nine servings of these foods daily.

Choose dark green or brightly colored fruits and vegetables to obtain the most antioxidants, which protect your eyes by reducing damage related to oxidizing agents (free radicals) that can cause age-related eye diseases.

Vitamin A, vital for healthy vision, is found in orange and yellow vegetables such as carrots and squash. Fruits and vegetables also provide essential vitamin C, another powerful antioxidant.

Remember: cure is better than preventionSomething

is wrong !!

Prevention is better than cure..

Some simple ways to prevent vision impairment

1. Wear sunglasses: Wearing sunglasses that block 100 percent of ultraviolet (UV) rays can delay the development of cataracts by protecting your eyes from direct sunlight that can damage the retina.

1. Don't smoke: Tobacco smoking is directly linked to many adverse health effects, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies show that current smokers and ex-smokers are more likely to develop AMD than people who have never smoked. Smokers are also at increased risk for developing cataracts.

Get a baseline eye exam: Adults with no signs or risk factors for eye disease should get a baseline eye disease screening at age 40 (the age when early signs of disease and changes in vision may start to occur). Based on the results of the initial screening, an ophthalmologist will prescribe the necessary intervals for follow-up exams. If you have symptoms or a family history of eye disease, diabetes or high blood pressure, you should see an ophthalmologist to determine how frequently your eyes should be examined.

Be aware of eye fatigue

If your eyes are tired from working at a computer or doing close work, you can follow the 20-20-20 rule: Look up from your work every 20 minutes at an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds. If eye fatigue persists, it can be a sign of several different conditions, such as dry eye syndrome, presbyopia, or spectacles with lenses that are not properly centered.

TreatmentsAntibiotics or antiviral drugs to help treat eye infectionsCorrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses). These are used to treat refractive errors – such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia) and astigmatism.Eyeglasses are the first choice of many for myopia correction. Easy to wear, they’re available in so many frame styles, colors and materials that everyone, from children to adults, can find the right fit. Eyeglasses are available with single vision lenses, or bifocal and multifocal lenses to correct multiple conditions.Cataract surgery – In cases of visual impairment due to cataracts, surgery may be opted. Usually an artificial lens is placed within the eye as a replacement of the damaged and clouded lens. This, more often than not restores vision.

Magnification systems – This is achieved using appropriate lens, reading telescopes or surgical systems etc. Hand magnifiers may also be offered. For improvement of visual fields prisms and mirror systems may be prescribed.At present there are no cures for age-related macular

degeneration (AMD) especially of the dry variety. For the wet AMD there are therapies that help to stop the progression. These include Photodynamic therapy. This uses a light-sensitive medicine called verteporfin injected into a vein of the arm.

The global eye health action plan 2014–2019 aims to reduce avoidable visual impairment as a global public health problem and to secure access to rehabilitation services for the visually impaired. This should be achieved by expanding current efforts by Member States, the WHO Secretariat and international partners, improved coordination, efficient monitoring, focusing the use of resources towards the most cost-effective interventions, and developing innovative approaches to prevent and cure eye diseases.

Universal eye health: a global action plan 2014–2019

Visual Impairment." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Jonathan H. Salvin. The Nemours Foundation, 01 Oct. 2013. Web. 29 july. 2015.

Myopia: Learn the Definition, Causes and Control." MedicineNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2015.

"Nearsightedness - Dreyer Medical Clinic." Nearsightedness - Dreyer Medical Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.

"Farsightedness." : Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2015.

"Cataract." - What Is It, Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, Treatment Options : University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014.

"Trachoma." Definition. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014."Universal Eye Health: A Global Action Plan 2014–2019." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.

Thank you