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POWER THEFT DETECTION

Presented By : Aravind Shaji Roll N0 : 03 Reg No : 13035127 EEE - E5 ,GPTC Nattakom

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INTRODUCTIONIndia, the largest democracy with an estimated population of about 1.04 billion, is on a road to rapid growth in economy. Energy, particularly electricity, is a key input for accelerating economic growth. The theft of electricity is a criminal offence and power utilities are losing billions of rupees in this account. The following sections will describe the proposed detection and control system for illegal electricity usage using the power lines.

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W H A T IS P O W ER TH EFT….??? .• It is the use of electrical power

without a contract with a supplier with total or partial bypassing metering system, or

• Interfering this system in the way to adulterate its measurements.

. •Power theft includes *Direct hooking from line *Bypassing the energy meter *Injecting foreign element into the energy meter *Physical obstruction etc..

. •World loses US$89.3 billion annually to electricity theft. The highest losses were in India ($16.2 billion), followed by Brazil ($10.5 billion) and Russia ($5.1 billion).

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THEFT OCCURS WHEN:An illegal consumer(not a registered customer) steals

directly from the distribution lines or from another legal customer.

A legal customer(registered customer) steals either

bypassing the meter (connecting around the meter to a live cable on the company side of the meter) or tampering with the meter to make it read less or no consumption.

There is a collusion between the customer and a company employee to reduce the amount paid to the company (with lower side payments to the employee in return).

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POWER THEFT METHODS Meters: • Tampering with meters and seals • By-passing the meters • Damaging or removing meters

Wires/ Cables:• Illegal tapping to bare wires or underground cables

Transformers:• Illegal terminal taps of overhead lines on the low side of the

transformer

Billing irregularities made by meter readers.

Unpaid bills by individuals, government institutions and “untouchable” VIPs.

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FEW OTHER WAYS OF POWER THEFT

Use of single phase supply from three phase supply.

Disconnected neutral from both the ends.

Used earth/separate neutral for return circuit.

Connecting phase voltage to neutral of used single phase supply. Potential difference w.r.t. neutral of used single phase supply is zero. Hence power product of voltage and current, will be zero.

Isolating neutral from both ends.

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HOW CAN ELECTRICITY THEFT BE REDUCED

NON TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

Financial rewards: Utility companies encourage consumers to report electricity theft� Periodic checks: Electricity theft frequently takes place after service has been disconnected. Some utility companies periodically check disconnected meters if the customer has not contacted them to reconnect service.

Enforcement of law: Fines should be imposed by the government for stealing electricity.

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TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSElectronic tamper detection meter

Pre payment meters

Plastic meter encasements

Anti theft cable

Using GSM

Using PLCs

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Plastic Meter EncasementsHard plastic encasements are a type of a meter seal. These transparent plastic covers serve as a warning and therefore reduce electricity theft.

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Pre-Payment MetersCredit added to the meter

on a keypad.Credit is purchased on a

rechargeable token or a card and entered into the meter with disconnection ability

It help in the reduction of non paid bills and meter reading iregularities

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Electronic Tamper Detection MetersHigh performance Electronic Tamper

Detection Meter reference design that integrates an ultra low-power tilt sensor used for electronic tamper detection.

Automatic detection of : Meter tamper Meter Bypass Meter disconnection

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Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) PLC Presents an interesting and economical

solution for automatic meter reading (AMR). If an AMR system via PLC is set in a power delivery

system, a detection system for illegal electricity usage may be easily added in the existing PLC network.

In the detection system, the second digitally energy meter chip is used and the value of energy is stored. The recorded energy is compared with the value at the main kilowatt-hour meter.

In the case of difference between two recorded energy data, in error signal is generated and transmitted via PLC network.

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Programming of PLCEarly PLC’s were programmed by using specific purpose programming terminals.

Recently PLC’s are programmed using application software's on personal computers.

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INSTALLTION OF PLCPower meters with PLC modules will be installed near the top

of the power polls.

Meters installed in high places will send data of the used amount to each household through power lines.

Homeowners can then check the amount used on the displays installed in each house.

This means that the measurement function and the display function of the meters will be separated.

Power theft is prevented by installing HD-PLC-mounted power meters on a high position on power polls, while the amount of power used in each household can still be checked.

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Modern PLC’s

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DEFINITION ON AMRAMR(AUTOMATIC METER READING) automates

the process of measurement through digital communication techniques.

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Automatic meter reading, or AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from  energy metering devices or water meter (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing.

This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter.

Billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption.

AMR technologies include handheld, mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or powerline transmission.

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FUNCTONS OF AMR SYSTEM Every user has two PLC modems; one is for

AMR and the other is used to send the data from second energy meter chip to host PLC modem.

An energy meter must be connected in the connection box between a home line and main power lines.

The host PLC unit must be placed in the distribution transformer and the configuration of the addressing format of PLC signaling must be designed carefully.

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GSM BASED AUTOMATIC METER READING

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GSM MODEM

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CONCLUSIONBy using techniques above the crime of

stealing power may be brought to an end and thereby a new bloom may be expected in the economy of ourmotherland and also there will be less scarcity for power utilisation

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Q

ueries ?

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