power quality measurement capabilities in smart revenue meters · • ieee 1159 (recommend practice...
TRANSCRIPT
Power Quality
Measurement Capabilities
in Smart Revenue Meters
Thomas Cooke
1
Overview
• Benefits of PQ Measurements in Smart
Revenue Meters
• Barriers
• Assessment of Meter Measurements
• Standardizing PQ Measurements for Smart
Revenue Meters
• Questions / Discussions
Continuous Disturbance Monitoring Gap
Edge of the Grid
?
?
?
? ?
?Courtesy OpenDSS
Electric Power Distribution System Simulator
Voltage Sag Severity from a Fault
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
VSag
Use with Data Visualization - Quick and Interpretable PQ Info
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
VTHD
Barriers
• Current communications infrastructure cannot accommodate bandwidth
• Current data storage systems are not configured for long-term storage
• The cost of enabling PQ functions is too high
• Limited or no PQ capabilities in existing meter model.
• Limit “high-end” Meters to strategic locations (Bellwether Meters)
• Parameter based meters use less communication bandwidth and storage
• PQ and Smart Meter Standards
• IEEE 1159 (Recommend Practice for PQ Monitoring)
• IEC 61000-4-30 (correct PQ measurement algorithms )
• ANSI C12.19 (Utility Industry End Device [Smart Meter] Data Tables)
• ANSI 12.22 (Specification for Interfacing to Data Communication Networks)
Barriers to Implementation Potential Solutions
EPRI Meter Test Laboratory
• GE (KV2c, i210+c)• Itron (Sentinel, Centron)• Elster (A3 Alpha, Rex2)• Landis & Gyr (E330, E650)• Echelon (ANSI 2S)
Power System Simulations
• Replicate Daily Feeder Trends
• Simulate System Faults
• Generate Various Load Profiles
Single Phase Example Results
Example of Three
Phase Meter Results
Event Capture Assessment (Voltage Sags)
$800, $150, $300, $100, $400, $2200, $2000, $300, $450, $4400
Parameter Trending Concern
Sustained Interruption Test (Outage / Restoration)
Parameter Measurements Summary
Descriptions of ANSI C12.19 PQ Tables
The meter must have the capability to perform these functions and store them in this table.
Conclusions from Testing
• Present PQ capabilities are limited in smart meters
– Need to adopt parts of PQ Standards (keep cost low)
– Parameter trends below three seconds (simple change?)
– Ride-through capability during events. (mitigation?)
• ANSI PQ data tables are not being fully utilized.
• Beware of Claims and Terminology
– “Measures Fundamental and Harmonic Frequencies”
– “Waveform Capture”
• Benefits
– Single-phase did well with Outage / Restoration
– Three-phase meters exceed single-phase with PQ measurement capabilities —
especially from traditional PQ manufacturers.
– Strategic location of each (deliver max benefit for the cost)
Requirements of PQ Capabilities in Smart
Revenue Meters – Draft for Review• Intended to give minimal measurement
requirements for each PQ phenomena
• Tier levels are designed to give meter
manufactures some flexibility in choosing
methods that may work with existing
meter infrastructure or budget.
• To be reviewed by industry experts, electric
service providers, and meter
manufacturers.
• Feedback to [email protected]
Sample Requirement Voltage Interruptions, Sags, Swells
•Tier 1• Voltage Waveform recording at the beginning and end of the event, with least
32 samples per cycle, and pre and post event recording of at least 3 cycles.• Voltage RMS plot with 0.5 cycle resolution during the whole duration of the
event, with pre and post event recording of at least 1 second.•Tier 2
• Voltage RMS plot with 0.5 cycle resolution during the whole duration of the event, with pre and post event recording of at least 1 second.
• RMS is calculated from a waveform sampling at least 16 points per cycle.•Tier 3
• Log report or tabular data with minimum, average, and maximum RMS voltage amplitude recordings during an event, as well as the duration of the event.
• Statistical RMS recordings are derived from a 1 cycle RMS of a waveform sampled at least 16 points per cycle.
•Tier 4• Log report or tabular data with minimum, average, and maximum RMS voltage
amplitude recordings during an event, as well as the duration of the event• Statistical RMS recordings are derived from a 12 cycle RMS of a waveform
sampled at least 8 points per cycle
Requirements
Document
Summary of Tier
Requirements
Bandwidth and Storage: Event
Reporting Format
2,000 - 20,000 bytes 36 bytes 17 bytes
Sampling Resolution
Calculation Envelope Waveform Sampling
Requirements
DocumentManufacturers
Cost versus Needs
Guidance
1. Interruptions
2. Sags/Swells3. Parameters
Limits
15. Flicker
14. Ind. Harm.
13. Transients
9. THD
Requirements Document Download
EPRI.com
3002001345