pop quiz 2 more yay!. geopolitics the interplay of geography, power, politics and international...
TRANSCRIPT
Pop Quiz 2
More Yay!
Geopolitics
The interplay of geography, power, politics and international
relations
Organic Theory
• Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904)
• State is like an organism– Requires nourishment to prolong existence
• Expand or die
Lebensraum
Heartland Theory
• Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947)
• Land power is important, not sea power
• World Island– Eurasia
• Pivot Area– Heartland (Russia/Central Asia)– Rimland (Europe/East Asia)
Capitalism• Dominant economic system
• Market for goods and services determines allocation
• Commodification– Placing monetary value
on all things
World Systems Theory
• Immanuel Wallerstein (1987)
• In a capitalist world you will have three tiers of states, based on exploitation:– Core
• Greater wealth; high technology
– Periphery• Poor; low technology
– Semi-periphery• Mix
Critical Geopolitics
• “Intellectuals of Statecraft”
• Politicians influence public view of the world
• Tone sets the stage for international cooperation or conflict
“Axis of Evil”
“I’ve said in the past that nations are either with us or against us in the War on Terror”
US v. THEM
No one nation, no matter how large or powerful, can defeat such challenges alone. And if we’re honest with each other, we know that sometimes, on both sides of the Atlantic, we have drifted apart, and forgotten our shared destiny.
What I do believe is that we have to describe a new foreign policy that says, for example, I will meet not just with our friends, but with our enemies, because I remember what Kennedy said, that we should never negotiate out of fear, but we should never fear to negotiate.
Collaboration
The World Order
• How political geographers characterize global politics during temporary periods of “stability”– Bipolar
• Two states/alliances competing
– Multipolar• Multiple strong states/alliances
– Unilateralism• One dominant superpower
The Cold War
East v. West
Imperialism/Colonialism
North v. South
Critical Thinking
• How would you characterize the current world order?
Internationalism
Sometimes we need to cooperate!
Internationalism
• How far do countries borders extend into the sea?
Law of the Sea
Internationalism
• Who controls land that has no native population?
Antarctic Treaty System
Supranationalism
• Forming institutions at a scale higher than the nation-state– Political– Economic– Cultural
European Supranationalism
• 1957: “Common Market”– Belgium, France, West Germany,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands
• 1992: Maastrict Treaty – European Union
• 1999: Unified Currency: The Euro
BUT: Devolution
• Movement of power from central to regional governments
• Bringing the power closer to the people– Often based on ethno-cultural groups
• Can contribute to centrifugal forces