policy audit topic: land use and urban form

8/7/2019 Policy Audit Topic: Land Use and Urban Form

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DECEMB

PHASE ONE: RESEARCH AND PRIORI

POLICY AUDIT TO

SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL

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OBJECTIVESANDPRIORITIES

Mission

1

1.1InitialQuestionsfromTechnicalTeam 1.2

Methodology

NorthAmerica

2

2.1

StateofMichigan

SoutheasternMichiganRegion

2.2

2.3

PRECEDENTSANDBENCHMARKS

.

2.5

RecoveringCities

NewAnchorCommunities

3

3.1

PHASE ONE: RESEARCH AND PRIORITIESPRELIMINARY

FINDINGS

AND

CONCLUSIONSSummaryofFindings 4

LAND USE AND URBAN FORMAreaso Strengt

MovingForward

4.1

4.2

4.3

DRAFTPRINCIPLES

Principles 5

.

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1. OB ECTIVES AND PRIORI

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1.1 Mission

Transparent

and

inclusive

process

of

civic

engagement1

Setting

near

term

goals

and

taking

action

today

to

improve

the

current

3

Buildingastrategicapproachforcoordinatingpublicandprivate4

Creatingaroadmapthatcanactuallybeimplemented5

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1.1 Mission

WILL1CLEAR

,

physical,cultural,social,E V I D E N C E B A S E D

S T R A T E G I C

D I R E C T I O N

and

educational

eve opmen o e ro

andSoutheastern

Michigan

OUT OF DATE REPLACED

MISSION IN PHASE 2A REPO

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1.2 Initial Questions from Technical Team

owcan ec ne n ec yan reg o

reversed?owcan e mageo ou eas c

bestrengthened?

owcan o s e eve ope n e

Howcanneighborhoodgrassrootinit

HowcanWindsorbeincorporatedint

Wherearetheareasofstrength?

Wherearetheareasofweakness?

Whatcanweaccomplishin5years?

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2.EXISTINGCONDITIONSANDTRE

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EXISTINGCONDITIONSANDTRENDS

2.1 Methodology

VARIETY OF SCALESUnderstandingDetroitcannotbeconfinedto

anintegralpartofalargerregion,andanurb

anchorforthestateasawhole.Italsoserves

1. North America 2. State of Michigan

importantgatewaybetweentheUnitedState

Canadaandhasaninfluenceonalargeswatlar erGreatLakesre ion.

Thisanalysislooksatfourdistinctscales,mov

rom e arges an ana a own o

scale. Ateachscale,importantissuesthatef

physicalstructureandurbanformofthecity

investigated,

helping

to

frame

the

broader

isprovideabaseforfuturedesignandpolicy

.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

3. 7-County Region 4. City of Detroit

SOURCE: ESRI

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2.1 Methodology

Zoning Geography

Althougheachscaleisapproachedsomewhadifferently,thestudyaimstounderstandsom

principalideasforeachone:

opu a on

Existingconditions

Histor URBAN change

FORM

Detroit

Togetafullunderstandingoftheformofthe

willbenecessarytoanalyzeamyriadofdiffe

ar s

+

OpenMacro

emograp c,econom c,spa a ,an evenpo

considerations.Thewaytheyacttogetheris

ultimatelywhatdeterminestheshapeand

Space functionalityofthecityanditsregion.

VacancyInfrastructure

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2.2NORTHAME

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2.2 North America

1

everage n erna ona re a ons psan

betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada

Stren then Detroit as a ma or internationa

CLEAR

crossroads

Leverageopportunitiestoexpandthearea

E V I D E N C E B A S E D

S T R A T E G I C

D I R E C T I O N

baseandUS/Canadianworkforce

MaintaintheDetroitMetroAirportasasi

passengeran re g tg o a u

UseDetroitsintermodalassetstotapint

crossdocking.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: ESRI

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EXISTING CONDITIONS AND TRENDS

2.2 North America

1 Morethan70percentoftheUSpopulatio

CLEARin11emergingmegaregions agglomer

ofmetropolitanregionsthathaveinterwo


S T R A T E G I C

D I R E C T I O N

, ,

resources,andecosystems.

TheGreatLakesmegaregion isthelargest

geographicallyinthecountry;itsprimary

centersincludethemajormetropolitanar

, , , ,

Indianapolis,St.Louis,andToronto.

, ,

people,19%oftheUSpopulation.

Detroitispositionedstrategicallynearthe

of

the

megaregion,

an

important

link

betwAmericancitiesandbetweentheUSandC

Source: America 2050

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: REGIONALPLANASSOCIATION AMERICA2050

AngelouEconomics)

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2.2 North America

-

WorldClassEconomy Theregion'seconomyproduces17%of

($2.1trillionin2005) higherthannea

.

AbundantNaturalResources '

TORONTO

surfacewater.

Theregionhas10,000milesofGreatLaDETROIT

beachesandcoastline.

HighlyEducatedWorkforceCLEVELAND

or c asse ucat ona nst tut onsan

researchprograms.

WorldcenterfordevelopingnewideasPITTSBURGH

technology.TransportationandInfrastructure

INDIANAPOLIS

CINCINNATI Centralizedlocationwithoutstandingm

accessviaanextensiverail,highway,freST. LOUIS

.

Source: America 2050

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: REGIONALPLANASSOCIATION,AMERICA2050

AngelouEconomics)

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2.2 North America

-

DetroitistheAmericancenteroftheGreaMegaRegion,ahuboftradingandanimp

linkbetweenmajormetropolitanareasin

.TORONTO

DETROIT

CLEVELAND

PITTSBURGH

INDIANAPOLIS

CINCINNATI

ST. LOUIS

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: REGIONALPLANASSOCIATION,AMERICA2050

(Source:America2050)

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2.2 North America

TheUSandCanadasharethelargesttradirelationshipintheworld,withbetween$4

$600billioningoodsmovingannually.The

biggestsuppliers.

Anestimated$1.2billionintradecrosses

Canadaborderdaily over40%ofitinth

Detroit/WindsorRegion.

58,000crossingsoccureverydayviatwob

apassengertunnel,twofreighttunnels,a

ferr and two assen er ferries.

TheAmbassadorBridgeisthebusiestbo

crossingintheworld carrying25%oftr

value

between

the

US

and

Canada. Thebordercrossinginfrastructureistheli

t ereg ona economy an nat ona p

underwayforanewcrossinginthenearf

Source: Detroit Re ional Chamber

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE:THENEXTECONOMY:ECONOMICRECOVERYANDTRANSFORMATIONINTHEGREATLAKESREGION

U.S.CensusBureau)

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2.2 North America

e a eway n a ve sana ona progra

attractcargovesselstoCanadianportsan

shipgoodsviaCanadianrailandroads.

TheAtlanticGatewayislocatedatHalifax.

TheAsiaPacificGatewayincludesports

throughoutBritishColumbia.

ForgoodsenteringCanadathroughHalifa

Detro t st e rstma orgateway ntot e

an

access

point

to

the

American

heartlandmovin westtoChica obeforeheadin so

downtheMississippi.

AnotherkeyassetforDetroitistheCitysi

inthemiddleoftheNAFTAcorridorwhere

eastwestandnorthsouthroutesintersec

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: CANADIANGOVERNMENT

NAFTA CORRIDOR

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2.2 North America

-

Investingintheassetsthatmatter:innovati

THE NEXT ECONOMY: ECONOMIC RECOVERY &

TRANSFORMATION IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION

humancapital,andInfrastructure. CreateRegionalInnovationClusters

UseWorkforceDevelo mentatCommun

TherebuiltAmericaneconomy,mustbemore

exportorientedandlessconsumptionoriented,Colleges

SmartSpendingonInfrastructuremoreenvironmentallyorientedandlessfossil

energyoriented,morebio andsoftware

Devisingnewpublicprivateinstitutionstha

marketorientedandperformancedriven.

oriented

and

less

oriented

to

income

growth

that

disproportionately favorsaverysmallshareofthe

CreateAdvancedManufacturingLaborat

CreateRegionalEnergyResearch&Innov

population.

LawrenceSummers,NationalEconomicCouncil

en ers

CreateVentureCapitalFundofFunds

Capitalize Detroit,asagatewaycitybetweentheUSand

Reimagingmetrosformandgovernancestrtosettherightconditionsforeconomicgro

Canada,alreadyhastheinfrastructure,tradeand

shippingassets,andworkforcetobecomethe

frontrunner of this initiative. WorkonRightSizingCommunities

EncourageGreenDevelopment&Infrast

GovernanceReform

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE:THENEXTECONOMY:ECONOMICRECOVERYANDTRANSFORMATIONINTHEGREATLAKESREGION

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2.3STATEOFMICHI

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2.3 State of Michigan

e ro s e arges c y n e a ean ,

offersauniqueurbandensityandlifestyle

availableelsewhereinMichigan.

SoutheastMichiganisamajorindustrial,

manufacturingandlogisticshub.

Detroithasthepotentialtoonceagainbe

revenueproducerfortheState.

Strong re g tra ,port,a rportan nters

infrastructure

make

Michigan

a

prime

distroute.

Detroitservesauniqueroleinanextensiv

coastlinesystemalongfouroftheGreatL


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epopu a on as ncrease s a ew e

approximately2%,citiesasawholelosto

DETROIT

POPULATION

2005

886,671

% CHANGE

SINCE 2000

-6.8

GRANDRAPIDS

WARREN

193,780

135,311-2.0

-2.1

-LANSING

KALAMAZOO

,

115,518

113,271

.

-3.0

-0.7ANNARBOR

WYOMING

PONTIAC

72,700

70,122

67 331

-5.8

+1.1

+1.5

Populationdeclinedinallcitiesexceptfor

andWyoming.

ThelargestdeclinesincitiesoccurredinD

a amazooan ag naw.

Onlythreeofthetwelvecountieslostpop

, .

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: MIHELP.ORG

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e c gan conom c eve opmen or

isfocusingongrowthin:

HigherexportswillbeakeytogrowthintheGreat

AlternativeEnergy(Wind,Solar, Wate

EnergyStorage

Lakesmetros(andtheUSasawhole).

In2008oneoutofeveryeightjobsinYoungstownIMAGE

LifeSciences

HomelandSecurity&Defense

an Detro tweret e toexports.21o t eGreat

Lakesmetrosexported~$231billionworthof

goodsandservicesin2008;thisisamarked

AdvancedManufacturing

Film

growthanditisexpectedtocontinuetogrow.

12of21sentalmost10%ofexportstoChina,

Theregionneedstoleveragepublicprivat

BrazilandIndiawhichmeetsorexceedsthe%of

theUSs100largestcities.

un ngan nvestment nenergy ocuse

thisisanopportunitygiventhatcurrentfe

spendingfornondefenserelatedR&Ddo

ap a z ngon e rea a esa y o

manufactureandefficientlyexporttothese

countriesiskey.

below

the

1980

funding

level

(measured

idollars).

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: ESRI THE NEXT ECONOMY: ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION

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Tour sm san ntegra parto t estate sec

providingmuchneededtaxdollarsandjo

20%oftotaltourismspendinginthestate

sevencountyregionaccountsfor40%of

spending.

.

Directeconomicimpact: $2.8billionpayrol

161,000jobs

$4.3billionvalue

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: DETROITMICHIGAN.ES

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Detro t assomeo t estate smosts gn

touristdraws,frommajorsportsvenuest

theaters,concerthalls,museums,historicrestaurants,thewaterfront,andallformo

venuesforappreciatingthearts.

Withtouristvisitsandspendingconcentra

andaroundDetroit,thestateneedstoma

cit a ke art of its lon term visitor strat

whichiscurrentlyfocusedalmostentirely

ruralareas.

APUREDETROITcampaigntoparallelP

MICHIGANcouldstarttofocusattention,

.

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e a eo c gan as e arges res

coastlineintheworld.Atabout3,200mile

largerthanthecountrysthreemajorcoasontheAtlantic,Pacific,andGulfofMexico

,

AtlanticCoast: 2,000mile

PacificCoast(Continental): 1,300mile

GulfCoast: 1,600mile

The area of the state alon the Detroit Riv

Michigansonlyurbancoastline,acounter

anotherwisenaturalcoast.

Detroitsdevelopedurbancoastlineshoul

positionedasanintegralpieceofthelarge

unique

and

distinct

character.

Source: NOAA

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: EPA and ENVIRONMETAL CANADA 2008

Michigan.org)

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ereareanum ero env ronmen a yse

areasinthestate,including13AreasofCo

(AOCs)fortheGreatLakesBasin.

Therearesignificantbrownfield sitesrequ

remediationinandaroundcitieslikeDetr

Ar or,F nt,Gran Rap s,an Ka amazoo

Astatestrategyforaddressingtheseprob

fromtheDetroitregion,whichishometo

andmuchofthestatescontaminatedind

sites.

Fundingforremediationisconsiderablea

mprovemen scou nc u eeconom c

developmentandpublicrealmimproveme1. St. Clair River2. Clinton River

. etro t ver

4. Rouge River5. River Raisin

.

7. Saginaw/River/Saginaw Bay

8. White Lake

.

10. Torch Lake

11.Deer Lake-Carp Creek/River

12.Manistique River

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: EPA and ENVIRONMETAL CANADA 2008

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e wes eg ona a n a ve san

partnershiptoimprovecommuterrailser

increasetrainspeedstoover100milespeinmetropolitanareasthroughoutthe

Midwest. Thisinvolvesconstructionofne

, ,

crossings,andaddingmoreroundtripspe

Theprojectedbenefitsfortheimproveds

includeaboostofridershipfrom1.5millio

millionpassengersayear;$9billioninneweconom cac v y;an , cons ruc on

PART OF THE PHASE 1 HIGH SPEED RAIL INITIA

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: AMERICA2050.ORG

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2.4SOUTHEASTERNMICHIGANREG

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2.4 Southeastern Michigan Region

developmentintheregionoccurs.

Po ulation decline continues in Detroit an

WayneCounty,buttherestoftheregion

growing.

Newinitiativestodensifyinsteadofspraw

curblandconsumption.

eg ona par san natura systemsare

fragmented,

but

could

provide

the

backbolargeridea.

CompetingjobcentersoutsideDowntown

pulljobsandpeopleawayfromthecore;

largelyorganizedalongmajorinterstates.


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ar y en ury

Residentsmovedfromruralareastocitiesinsearchofjobs

a e en ury

Residentsmovedoutofthecitytosuburbanareas

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: SEMCOG

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2.4 Southeastern Michigan Region368,201

400,000AbsoluteChange

300,000

350,000

02030

200,000

250,000

ion,20

ro ec e opu a on ange,

PopulationlosscontinuesinDetroit,whilesuburbancounties

continue

to

grow 85,455 96,204 87,979100,000

150,000

Po

pulat

24,125 26,757

,

50,000

ngein

19,921-50,000

Livingston Ma comb Monroe Oa kland St.Clair Washtenaw Wayne SEMCOG

Ch

Region

030 43.4%45.0%

50.0%

20102

35.0%

40.0%

ulation,

18.5%20.0%

25.0%

.

inPop

11.6%

14.4%

7.0%

15.1%

7.3%10.0%

15.0%

Chang

1.0%

0.0%

5.0%


- .

Livingston Macomb Monroe Oa kland St.Clair Washtenaw Wayne SEMCOG

Region

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ayne oun y an e ro spec ca y

majorurbanizedareaintheregion,withh

population

densities

concentrated

in

and

thecity.

WiththeexceptionofAnnArbor,populati

ens ty ropsasyoumoveaway romt e

center;therefore,mostoftheareasofthe

remainingsixcountieshavebelow2,000p

squaremile.


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,

-

Development

has

radiated

historically

out1

fromtheregionscoreinafairlyregularpa

doesnotstopatcityorcountyboundarieCLEAR

SEMCOGpro ectsur an zat ontocont nu

occurringintheregionsruralareasthrou

bymorethan300,000acres.


S T R A T E G I C

D I R E C T I O N


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3,000,000

Total Area

,

-

Developed, 1990

Developed, 2000

Despite

declining

populations

in

Wayne

Co

2,500,000

eve ope ,

theregionssixothercountieshavegrown

1990andareprojectedtocontinuegrowis)

.

urbanizedlandandrequiremoreinfrastru

andpublicservices.a(acr

, ,

Between2000and2030,over318,000

ofproductivefarmlandornaturalareaswedAr

1,500,000

developed.

rbani

Macomb:

Monroe:

1,000,000 +25%

+36%

Oakland:St.Clair: +23%+29%

Washtenaw:

Wayne:

500,000 +35%

+15%

eg on:

0

+


Livingston Macomb Monroe Oakland St. Clair Washtenaw Wayne SEMCOG Region

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,

es en a an commerc a usesare

concentratedaroundDetroit,althoughm

the

city

is

covered

by

areas

of

high

vacanc1

outlyingareas,agricultureandnaturaluse

dominate,punctuatedbydevelopmentalCLEAR .


S T R A T E G I C

D I R E C T I O NUNDER

DEVELOPMENT

HIGHVACANCY

AREAS

1%

WATER

2%

SINGRES

1%

27%

OUTRANSPORTATION /

UTILITIES

RECR

AGRICULTURE/

3%

MINING

32%


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GENERALIZED MASTER PLAN, 20

BasedonacompilationofMasterPlansan

Zonin Ordinances assed b local commu1

Callsforsignificantamountsofresidentia

development,agriculturalornaturalareasCLEAR

particularlyaroundAnnArbor,PortHuron

Monroe.E V I D E N C E B A S E D

S T R A T E G I C

D I R E C T I O N ac sma orstrategy orpreserv ngnatura

ruralland muchofwhichiseitherzoned

agriculturalorresidentialuse.

Includesprovisionformajornewindustria

outsideDetroit.


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While

the

City

of

Detroit

is

home

to

local

parregionboastsanumberofstateparkssucha

HickoryGlenParkandProudLakeRecreation

LOCAL

PARKS ,

STATEPARKS

,

NATIONALPARKS

2parks//3,669acres


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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ecen ero ereg on nan aroun

iswellcoveredbyparks,althoughnoove

system

appears

to

exist.

Nevertheless,

thcombinationoflocalandstateparksserve

largeamountoftheregion,withabout75

morebetweenmileand1mileofapark

Asyoumoveoutwardfromthecore,park

becomelarger;thesedirectlyservesmalle

communities,

but

also

serve

as

regional

es na ons.


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Parks

and

water

features

in

the

region

provide

a

significant

asset

and

may

be

the

backbone

for

building

a

larger

greenbeltstrategy.Traditionally,thistypeofregionalstrategyisadoptedbyrapidlyurbanizingcities suchas

PortlandandToronto tolimitlandconsumptionandlossofnaturalareas.InDetroit,thestrategywouldfocus

, .

Parks NaturalandAgriculturalAreas Greenbelt/GrowthBoundary


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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TORONTODETROIT


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In

2005,

Ontario

adopted

an

innovative

sttocontainthesprawlinggrowthofToront

1.8millionacregreenbeltrunningcomple

OntariosGreenbeltisapermanentlypr

areaofforests,wetlands,parks,farmland,

vibrantruralcommunities.Itencompasses

Niagara

Escarpment,

the

Oak

Ridges

Moraouge ar ,amongo erpr s nena ura

Whileover50%ofthegreenbeltisdedica

,

reservedforusebyresidentsandtourists.

governmentprojectsthatover50%ofpeo

v ng nCentra Ontar oan t eTorontor

will

take

advantage

of

the

greenbelt

for

hicamping,fruitpicking,orotherrecreation

activities.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: FRIENDS OF THE GREENBELT FOUNDATION WWW.GREENBELT.CA

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB


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ower axesan o ereconom c nce

manyofDetroitsjobsaremovingoutoft

and

into

the

outlying

edge

cities

and

subu

PortHuron

Flint

jobcenters.TheSouthfieldandPontiacRe

haveseenadramaticspikeinjobswhere

,

Pontiac

Bloomfield

trend.Waterford

62,000SouthfieldCity

Lans ng

Troy

MadisonHeights

Birmingham

arm ng on s

SouthfieldTwp

95,000

TOTALJOBS

1990TOTALJOBS

2000

SterlingHeights Warren

100,000GreaterBrighton

32,000

TROY

PONTIAC

,

95,500

35,000

,

101,200

62,000

CBD:DowntownandMidtown

76,000 STERLING

SOUTHFIELDCITY

DEARBORNCBD

87,500

13,800

60 000

76,000

20,000

66 800,

DearbornCBD67 000

AnnArbor

46,000

ANNARBOR

LIVONIA

48,000

45,000

46,000

40,000

I96Industrial

40,000Decline

, ,

SlowGrowth

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: SEMCOG ESRI BUSINESS ANALYST

g row

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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400,000

350,000

2002

2005

The

regions

major

job

sectors

are

Manufa300,000

Lossof57,675jobs(16%)

HealthCare&SocialAssistance,andRetai

Historically,manufacturinghasbeenthejo250,000e

es Gainof9,588jobs(+3.7%)

,

Between2002and2005,mostsectorssta

fairlyflat,althoughmanufacturinglostove200,000Emplo

57,000jobs.

Theregionoveralllostover60,000jobsbe150,000No.of

2002and2005,shrinkingitsjobsbaseata

1%peryear.100,000

2002: 2,128,773 jobs50,000

0


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:



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AdvancedManufacturing:

44%

of

US

andCanadasmanufacturingcomesfromGrea

Creativeeconomy:Top10inarts,media,

design.

NewEnergy: Transportsystems,batterie

ce s, o ue s,w n ,so ar,nuc ear nnova

LifeSciences: Oneoftop10Health,Med

excellence/leadership.

Trade,logistics,security: Estimated66,00

fromlogisticsandsupply atcenterofglo

market.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: DETROIT COLLABORATIVE DESIGN CENTER CANADIANSAILINGS.CA

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s or c n us r a reg ono ecoun ry,

SoutheasternMichiganisservedbyexten

freight

rail

infrastructure,

with

major

trunweavingbetweencities.

Smallerfeedernetworks(notshownatth

connectt s nes rect yto n ustr a s te

Majorrailownersintheregioninclude:

CanadianNationalRailway 255trackm

CSXTransportation 179tm

NorfolkSouthernRailwa 156tmConsolidatedRailCorporation 103tm

AnnArborRailroad 45tm

rea a es en ra a roa m

, ,

EasternRailway,MichiganAirLineRailway

CanadianPacificRailway,DetroitConnect

Railroad,andDelrayConnectingRailroada

portionsoftrack(lessthan10miles)inth


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PRO ECT A$3.5millionearmarkinthe2010federa

Thecurrentprojectistoprovidecommut

serviceintheDetroitAnnArborcorridorw

stopsinAnnArbor,Ypsilanti,DetroitMetr

Airport,

Dearborn,

and

Detroit. Theprojecttakesadvantageofexisting

infrastructurewherepossibleandrequire

Airport.

The41,500dailytripsbetweenDetroitan

Arborisexpectedtoincreaseuponthe

completionoftheproject.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: SEMCOG.ORG

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e ro e ropo an ayne oun y rpo

(DTW)isthemainaviationgatewaytothe

It

is

a

hub

for

Delta

currently

the

worldairline andlowcostcarrierSpirit,andho

14additionalpassengerairlines.

DTW st e15 us esta rport nt eUSa

ofthebusiestintheworld,serving31mil

annualpassengersandhandlingalmost$3

inaircargo(2008)

The

Detroit

City

Airport

serves

private

andcorporateaircraftaswellassomecargop

passengerservicehasbeendiscontinuedtDETROITCITYAIRPORT(DET)

.

WillowRunAirport aboutsevenmilesw

DTW handlesairfreightonfiverunways

AIRPORT(YIP)

Anetworkofsmallerlocalairportsservev

municipalitiesacrosstheregion.

AIRPORT(DTW)


SOURCE:U.S.CustomHouseGuide

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CONNECTIONS DTWcurrentlyconnectsDetroitnonstop

WiththerecentmergerofDeltaandNort

Detroitbecameakeyinternationalhubfo

worldslargestairline offeringaconnect

between

US

cities

and

important

internates na ons

BuildingonandexpandingDetroitsrolea

successofthecityandregion

BusiestUSAirports,byPassengerVolume(2009)

Rank City Code Passengers Rank City Code Passengers

1 Atlanta ATL 88,032,086 10 SanFrancisco SFO 37,338,942

2 ChicagoO'Hare ORD 64,158,343 11 Charlotte CLT 34,536,666

3 LosAngeles LAX 56,520,843 12 Orlando MCO 33,693,649

a as ort ort , , ewar , ,

5 Denver DEN 50,167,485 14 Minneapolis MSP 32,378,599

6 NewYorkJFK JFK 45,915,069 15 Detroit DTW 31,357,388

7 LasVegas LAS 40,469,012 16 Seattle SEA 31,227,512

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: www.metroair ort.com Air orts Council International

8 Houston IAH 40,007,354 17 Philadelphia PHL 30,669,564

9 Phoenix PHX 37,824,982 18 Boston BOS 25,512,086

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2.5CITYOFDET

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2.5 City of Detroit

ThephysicalshapeofDetroitevolved and

subsequentlydevolved inmuchthesamew

manyAmericanindustrialcities.Thisisasim

bearinginmindthatmyriadfactorswerenot

physicalbutrathersocial,demographic,or

macroeconomic.

1. Largecommercialboulevardsradiateout

Downtown,basedonthe1807Woodwa3 42. Industryisquicklybuiltuparoundraillin

residentialneighborhoodsfollowinthes

3. A

uniform

grid

allows

people

to

access

neighborhoodretailandtransit

4. Streetcarsrunningalongtheboulevards

neighborhoodswithDowntown,thecom

centerofthecity

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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2.5 City of Detroit

5. Interstatesarebuiltdirectlythroughthe

fabric,disconnectingneighborhoodsand

facilitatingthemigrationoutofthecity

6. Streetcarsareremove an t e ou eva

longerneighborhoodcenters,begintod

.

takingwiththempeopleandinvestment

creating

vast

amounts

of

vacancy8. Thecitytodaylacksacoherentstructure

distinctneighborhoods,andarobusttra7 8ramewor ; ns ea ,p ys ca arr ersan

scalevacancyshapeitsform

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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2.5 City of Detroit

:

PLAN Downtowngetsitsuniqueformfroman1

,

destroyedmostofthecityin1805.

The lan is taken lar el from LEnfants l

Washington,DC withspokesradiatingou

from

a

central

hub,

in

this

case

a

hexagonaampus art us .

Intheory,additionalhexagonsareaddeda

,

seams.GrandCircusisarelicofthisidea,

althoughasecondhexagonwasneveradd

thenorth.

Theoriginalplanwaseventuallysupersedmorera ona gr ron orm a connec s

therestofthecity.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

Street

System

Today

SOURCE: Detroit Historical Museum

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:


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2.5 City of Detroit

:

Althoughbasedonasimilargridpattern,reside

andblocksizesvarysignificantlythroughoutthefromthetypical275x640blockinNorthwes

tothelong,thinblocksontheFarEastSide(are

theiragriculturalpast).

AcomparisontoothercitiesintheUSrevealsth

sizes in Detroit are enerall lar er than t ical

denserurbanareas.Thelargergrainofblocksis

singlefamilyresidentialuse,butmakescreating

, .

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: AECOM

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2.5 City of Detroit

Detro t spr mar y a outasares ent a

griddednetworkwitharelativelyfinegrai

interstates,commercialboulevards,raillin

municipalboundaries,andothers.

Theresultingblockpatternisfragmented

causesblockstoruninmanydirections a

1

23

su sequen omes os a eren ang e

T icalNSblocks

Withingridpattern

Runningperpendicularto

river

AngledEWblocks

Fillin a saround

3

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

industry/cityboundary

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2.5 City of Detroit

an a an s an , an ranc scoan os o

fitinsidethemunicipalboundariesofthe

Detroit. Detroithaslessthanathirdofth

combinedpopulation.

Thecityhasinfrastructurecapacityforove

m onpeop e utto ay as esst an1m

residents. Withlessthanhalfofthepeop

systemwasdesignedforlefttopay,budge

shortfallsanddecayingstreets,pipes,and

facilitiesareresultinginblightwithinsom

o ec y.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: ESRI U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

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2.5 City of Detroit

CHICAGODETROIT PHILADELPHIA

Area: 234sqmiArea: 139sqmi Area: 143sqmiopu at on: , ,

Density: 12,193persons/sqmiPopu ation: 808,398

Density: 5,816persons/sqmi

Popu ation: 1,547,901


VerylargemunicipalitieslikeDetroitrequiresignificantpopulationdensitiestosupporttheextentoftheir

infrastructure. Evenat1.5millionpeople,Philadelphiastrugglestomaintainaphysicalplantdesignedfor2.5million,

thesame roblemDetroitfaceswith30%less eo le.Contrar to o ularbeliefhowever itisnotunrealisticall lar e


whencomparedtoothermajorUScities.

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2.5 City of Detroit

DETROIT MILWAUKEEPITTSBURGH

Area: 97sqmiArea: 58sqmiArea: 139sqmiopu at on: ,

Density: 6,296persons/sqmiPopu ation: 311,647


Popu ation: 808,398


Industrialcitiesthathavebeensuccessfulatturnin around o ulationand oblosshavehistoricall beensmaller and


thereforecapableoffocusing redevelopmenteffortsindense,compactareas.

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.5 C ty o et o t

verage ens y= . persons acre

=5,816 persons/sqmi

U.S. CITY COMPARABLES

Chicago , persons sqm

Philadelphia 10,855

,

Pittsburgh 7,889

Minneapolis 6,971

Milwaukee 6,296

Cleveland 6,167St.Louis 5,623

Cincinnati 4,249

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

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y

verage ens y= . acre

U.S. CITY COMPARABLES

.Philadelphia 7.7

Baltimore 5.8

Minneapolis 4.8

Pittsburgh 4.5

St.Louis 4.5

Cleveland 4.4.

Milwaukee 4.0Det

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

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y

Researchsuggeststhatadensityofatleast Fromacitysystemsperspective,apopulation

RightsizingDetroit intermsoffinding

10DU/acreisnecessarytoachievealevelof

pedestrianactivityandwalkability.

densityofatleast16persons/acreisnecessaryto

sustaintheextensivephysicalinfrastructurein

idealorevenatargetdensity isadifficuproposition.Whileitisunderstoodthatcu

.

insufficienttosupportcityinfrastructure,

ataparticularnumbertoworktowardsm

impossible.

Densityisdependentonbothintensityof

area,soconc us ons ase onone ens y

numberforthecityoverallcanbemislead

Instead,weneedtothinkaboutdensitya

local focusingonappropriatedensitiesi

districts andneighborhoods ratherthanac

.

Thereisnogeneralconsensusonhowde

denseenou hbutwecanuse ro ect/c

studiesandresearchtoestimatewhatden

neededtosupportpedestrianactivity,phy

n ras ruc ure,e c.

PlayaVista,CA MixedUseDistrict

LegacyPark,CA MixedUseDistrict

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: Nathan Cherr Grid Street Place

24DU/acre

SOURCE:NathanCherr Grid Street Place

16DU/acre

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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y

TownhomesSin lefamilSin lefamil

1218du/acre812du/acre68du/acre

Thesediagramsshowvariousbuildingtyp

theirassociateddensityoveraoneblock

Achievingathresholdof10DU/acreisdiff

ne g or oo so s ng e am y ouses, u

attainablewithhigherdensityhousingan

ofuses.

Stackedflats

Mediumdensity

Highdensity

3045du/acre 4575DU/acre 75125du/acre

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: AECOM

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:

NETWORK

Ahierarchyofstreetscomplementstheor

theMotorCity.

Movementthroughthecitydependsonh

levelofroadwaysoverlaysandinteractsw

others.

Theinterstatesbreakapartthetraditional

thecity;comparedtoothercitiesintheco

amountofhighways,makingmovementt

thecitymucheasierthanmovementwith

c ty.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: ESRI GOOGLE EARTH

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:

ROAD TYPOLOGIES

Interstates MajorStreets

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: ESRI GOOGLE EARTH

CommercialBoulevards Local/ResidentialStreets

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GRATIOT AVE

108ROW,including90road

3tra c anesan 1par ng ane neac

plusatwowayturnlaneinthecenter

entirelengthofcorridor

Some

retail

still

remains

but

man

lots

arvacantorsurfaceparkinglots

Nobicyclelanes

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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MICHIGAN AVE

EssentiallyidenticaltoGratiotAve

108 ROW, nc u ng90 roa

3trafficlanes(1markedasHOV)and1pa

,

thecenter

Zoned

for

commercial

alon

both

sides

foentirelengthofcorridor

Someretailstillremains,butmanylotsar

vacantorsurfaceparkinglots

Nobicyclelanes

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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GRAND RIVER AVE

SmallerthanGratiotandMichigan

Streetw t var es rom~70 to77 ,w t t

ROWalsovariablefrom~90to100

,

turnlaneinthecenter;theoutsidelanein

directionisoftenusedforparking

Zonedforcommercialalongbothsidesfo

entirelengthofcorridor

Someretailstillremains,butmanylotsare

vacantorsurfaceparkinglots

o cyc e anes

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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IntroduceBicycleLanes,ReduceTrafficLanes,GreentheStreet

POTENTIAL FOR

IMPROVEMENT

Trafficlanesreducedfromthreepluspark

downtojusttwoineachdirection,oneof

aprioritybuslane

Additionofwidebikelaneswithphysical

separa on roms ree s

Sidewalksexpandedfrom14to22feetto

Mixeduseprojects includingresidential

commercialspace frontthestreet

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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IntroduceBRT,GreentheStreet,DevelopHigherDensityMixedUse

POTENTIAL FOR

IMPROVEMENT

Centerlanesarerepurposedasdedicated

RapidTransit(BRT)lanes

MediansaroundBRTlinesusedforpassen

loadingatdesignatedstations;otherwise,

unc onsas an scape me an

Trafficlanesreducedfromthreepluspark

Additionofdedicated(butnotphysically

separated)bikelanes

Higherdensity,mixeduseprojects inclu

residential

above

commercial

space

fronstreet

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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:

-

60roadwaywithtotalROWvariablebetw

~90and100

3trafficlanesineachdirection,plusatwo

turn ane nt ecenter;t eouts e ane n

directionisoftenusedforparking

sides

Nobic clefacilities

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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,

WEST DETROIT

30roadwaywithtotalROWvariable,dep

Twowaytrafficinwidesharedlanewitho

parkingonbothsides

Predominantlyzonedforsinglefamilyres

use

Buildingsetbackfromstreetvariesdepen

usetypeandneighborhood

Nodedicatedbicyclelanes(butsharedlan

accommodatebicycles)

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

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:

DDOTcurrentlyoffersbusservicethrough

city.Althoughexpansive,thissystemlackshierarchyofservices,soeverypartofthe

extremelyhighvacancy.

Changestothebussystemmustfocuson

individualneighborhoodneedsandelimin

servicetoareasofveryhighvacancy.

Alargesuburbanbussystemalsoexists,b

notinterface withDetroitssystem.

CONSULTSOURCE: TONI GRIFFIN & DCDC

INPROGRESS:OCTO

2.5 City of Detroit


79/136

:

Detroitsonlylocalrailserviceisa2.9mile

waylooparoundDowntown.

Intendedtobepartofamuchlargerregio

trans tsystem,t ePeop eMoverwast e

phaseoftheprojectactuallycompleted.

CONSULTSOURCE: TONI GRIFFIN & DCDC

INPROGRESS:OCTO


80/136


81/136

NAME OF SECTION

2.5 City of Detroit


82/136

:

BRTsystemsallovertheworldofferexcel

examplesofhowtoimplementsuchasys

BRTisclean,safe,andefficient exactlyw

Detro t strans tsystemnee sto mprove

InCuritiba,Brazil(perhapsthebestexamp

Bogota: BRT working alongside traffic lanes

,

transitlines,withhighdensityresidential

commercialusessituatedclosesttotheco

bestservedbytransit.Inthatsense,BRTd

realtransitorienteddevelopment.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

Curitiba: density established around BRT line Portland: clean, attractive stations

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2004 MASTER PLAN

Thisplanillustratesthecity'sfuturelandu

.

Industrialusesarerelocatedfromnortho

downtowntosouthofdowntownalon th

inordertofreeuplandfornewriverfront

neighborhoodsandopenspace.

Somemixedusenodesareintroducedatv

locationsacrossthecity.Theyarelocated

,linear,autoorientedcommercialstreetsa

potentialtocreatenewdistrictsaroundw

andnewneighborhoodscouldgrow.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: DETROIT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT P&DD

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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,

uses,withcommercialareasalongmajor

Industrial corridors extend alon the river

raillinesfromdowntown;andintwo

circumferentialrings.

Officeandemploymentusesareconcentr

DowntownandMidtown.


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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es en a an use s epre om nan us

Detroit.

familyhomes.

Diversificationofthehousingstockisesse

attractawiderangeofindividualandfam

tothecity.

48.8%ofcityarea

31,341 acres


.10acresperparcel

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

:


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n us r a corr orsgrewc rcum eren a y

throughthecenterofthecityinphasesas

manufacturingandassemblyplantswere

established. Thesecorridorscouldbetargetedforattra

newemp oymentanc ors.

Thesecorridorscouldbecomenewgreen

neighborhoodnodescouldgrowaroundt

Theseparkswouldalsoprovidelinkageto

riverfront.

7.9%ofcityarea

6519 acres


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Industry Built Around Rail Not Around Interstates I-94: New Industrial C

Industryinthecityisclusteredprimarilyalongrail

corridors muchoftheminplacelongbeforethe

Contrarytopopularbelief,industryinthecityhasalmostnorelationshiptothemajorroadnetwork

Thecurrentindustriallooprailcouldserve

intracity railcorridor,tyingintotheM1liginterstatehighwaysystemwasbuilt,changing

industrysexclusiverelianceonfreightrail. Newerindustrialareasinthesuburbsaremore

clusteredaroundhighwaynodes,taking

andhelpingcompletemasstransitsystem

Downtownandoutlyingareas.

ou ac veor nac vera nescou eu ze

fortheestablishmentofcircumferentialtransit

servicethroughoutthecity?

Asoldindustryisconvertedtofutureuses

alongI94canbecomeanewcorridorfor

advanced manufacturin and industr .


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DIFT

ThepurposeoftheDIFTprojectistosupp

economiccompetitivenessofSoutheastM

andthestatebyimprovingfreighttranspo

industryandthemilitary.Thegoalistoen

SoutheastMichiganhasaregionalfacility,

facilities,withsufficientcapacityand

interconnectivitytoprovideforexistingan

intermodal demand and reduce time mo

costsandcongestiontosupporttheecono

competitivenessofSoutheastMichigan.

ThePreferredAlternativewillgenerate

approximately4,500permanentnewjobs

, ,

theDetroitarea,andapproximately1,540

LivernoisJunctionYardarea.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: www.michi an. ov mdot

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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,

Thelargestconcentrationofofficeand

commercialusesislocatedinthecenterocity,extendingfromDowntown,toMidto

.

Anabundanceofautooriented,stripcom

usesarelocatedalongthecitysmainstre

Mixedusenodescouldbeestablishedalo

corridorsandthelandinbetweenzonedf

residentialand/orinstitutionaluses.

9.1%ofcityarea

3037 acres


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ns u ona usesuc asc urc es,sc oo s

museums,etcarelocatedthroughoutthe

aroundwhichtobuildand/orrebuild

neighborhoods.

Institutionalusesincludeschools(adult

education,alternative,college,elementar

, , , ,

museums,police/fire,postofficeand,det

facilities.

6.1%ofcityarea

3696 acres


0.73acresperparcel

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB


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:


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Foracityofitssizeandage,DetroithasaMICHIGANSTATE

FAIRGROUNDS

lowratioofparkspaceperresident. Thereareveryfewlargeparksinthecity

PALMER

PARK

Othercitiesarediscoveringthehighrateo

oninvestmentforthedevelopmentofquaELIZAHOWELLPARK

CHANDLERPARK

respondwithnewhousingandcommercia

activity.RIVERROUGEPARK

BELLEISLE

PARK

MIDDLEROUGE

PARKWAY

7.6%ofcityarea

4230 acres


10.7acresperparcel

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB


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:


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o a acan arce s: ,

TotalParcelArea: 10,950acres=17.11

.

*Someestimatesputtotalvacantlandinthe

40mi2 itwouldbehelpfultounderstandt

discrepancyexists

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: DETROIT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT P&DD SEMCOG

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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,

Mostvacantparcelsinthecityaresingle

0 3,000SF 3,000SF 0.5acre 0.5 1acre 1 3acres 3+acres

)%)

residentiallots,largeenoughforhousingdevelopment,communitygardens,oroth

es(77.3

els(84.9

,

Avera e Parcel Size: 0.11 acre = 4 735 S8,464ac

483parc

Max.ParcelSize: 38.4acres85

4.2%)

arcels(1

)) ) )

)) s

(8.5%)

14,324p

res(6.7

ls(0.5%

res(3.0

els(0.3%

res(4.6

els(0.1%

927acre

729a

474parc

325ac

306parc

504a

132parc


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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,19.1%21.6%

8.2% 3.1%

1.0%

Residential: 8,228acres 75.2%

Commercial: 1,021acres 9.3%Industrial: 1,415acres 12.9%

80.9%

Occu ied78.4%

Occu ied .

AsizeablemajorityofvacantlandinDetro

VacantVacantCommercial

residential,butindustriallandonfairlylar

parcelsaccountsforabout13%oflandon

of the arcels. While residential commerc

Residential Industrial87.7%

n ustr a

Residential

industrialareasareallaround20%vacant

governmental/institutionalisalmostentir

Governmental Institutional

Vacancy,byNo.Parcels

occup e .20.1%

2.6%

79.9%Occupied 97.4% Occupied

Vacant

Commercial Governmental/Institutional


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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OF VACANCY

Thisdiagramillustratesthegeographiclocati

.

thecitysbiggestproblemsisthebandofvac

thatarchesaroundthecentralbusinessdistr

isolatingitfromthemorestableresidential

communitiesbeyond.


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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VACANCY

CommunityAreaswithmajorvacancies:

oc t. ean

Jefferson/Mack ChandlerPa

Kettering Airport

MiddleEastCentral Davison

StateFair Jeffries

Brightmoor MiddleWo

HarmonyVillage

Ofcourse,asthismapmakesclear,vacancyd

.

inasystematicwaywithoutregardtopolitica

jurisdictionalbreakdowns.


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roper es n orec osureare eav yconc

onboththecityseastandwestside.

Downtown and Midtown have relativel f

whichindicatesahigherlevelofstabilityiareas.

Someareaswithveryfewforeclosureson

map suchasthebandacrosstheeastern

Areresidentsofforeclosedhomesleaving

houses?Arethe leavin thecit ?Unders

thestatusofthesepropertiesisimportan

determiningneighborhoodstability.


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-,

Mostcityownedparcelsareunderacre

0 3,000SF 3,000SF 0.5acre 0.5 1acre 1 3acres 3+acres

%)

Asmallportionoflotsundercityownershverylarge,representingover50%ofthet

els(77.4

acreage.Manyo t esearepar s, utsom

abandonedindustrialsitesortractsprime

majorredevelopment.(56.5%)

693parc

=417acre

29

. ,

Max.ParcelSize: 134.6acres

)

5,

0.7%)

ls(20.4%

6acres(

2

2parcel

) ) ) %

)

)

2,94

7,8

res(4.7

ls(0.7%

s(2.0%)

ls(0.8%

cres(6.0

els(0.7% na ys s st n progress y

453ac

271parc

188acre

23parc

577a

254parc


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

:


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-

na ys s st n progress y


UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

:


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rassroo s organ za on o ne g or oo

residents, community groups, social servicagencies, churches, academics, and governm

officials led by the SHAR Foundation (SuAbuse Addiction Rehabilitation)

-year community re eve opment prouse vacant land for education, agriculture/farmin , communit develo ment, foodproduction, commercial and housingdevelopment, etc

Heart of the project is urban agriculture, has expanded to include many different th

tapestry o an scape an programm ngrows out of particular neighborhood neewill be used to improve both the City andlives of its residents

Full project will include 2,000 acres; first p40 acres on the east side of Detroit

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: Recover Park.or Goo le Earth

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3. PRECEDENTS AND BENCHMA

SKIDMORE OWINGS & M

UPDATEDDRAFT:DECEMB

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,TRANSFORMED ECONOMY FROM INDUSTRY-

PittsburghisthesecondlargestcityinPennsylv

anchorsthelargesturbanareaintheOhioRive(Source:Wikipedia.com)

, ,

from676,000in1950.(Source:Wikipedia.com)

DowntownPittsbur hranks25th inthenationfo

theurbancoreand6th injobdensity.

Thecityseconomytodayislargelybasedonhe

education,technology,robotics,andfinancialseTheregionisalsobecomingahubforoilandna

' .Wikipedia.com)

Thecityhasredevelopedabandonedindustrial

withnewhousing,shoppingandoffices,sucha

WaterfrontandSouthSideWorks.(Source:Wikiped

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,TRANSFORMED ECONOMY FROM INDUSTRY

BuffaloisapartoftheGreatLakesRegionanda

traditionalrustbeltcity.(Source: Wikipedia.com)

Peakpopulationof580,000in1950;2009popu

was270,000.(Source: Wikipedia.com)

17milesfromNiagaraFallsand59milesfromT

. .

Theregion'slargesteconomicsectorsarehealth

andeducation andthesecontinueto rowdes

laggingnationalandworldwideeconomies.(SouWikipedia.com)

rewupasara roa an s pp ng u aswe a

millingandsteelmakingthatarealmostallgon(Source: Wikipedia.com)

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,VOTED TOP 10 BEST START UP CITIES AFTER

(Entre

2009)

e oungs own s oncons s e o ear y

aroundideasforaCleaner,Greener,andBePlannedandOrganizedcity. (Source:Youngstown20CitywidePlan)

Majorplanideas:improvingonYoungstownsim

,

theyarenowasmallercitythatneedstomake

choices.(Source:Youngstown2010CitywidePlan)

Thesteelindustryhelpedgrowthecitybutcolla

the1970s. (Source:Wikipedia.com)

TheGMLordstown assemblyplantisthelargest

industrialemployer,andwithanewadditionof

plantsintermsofsqfeet.(Source:Wikipedia.com)

A

new

steel

plant

owned

by

a

French

company,

scheduledtoopenin2011aspartoftheMarce

Shalenaturalgasprojectsthatspanfivestates..

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,IN 2005 CLEVELAND WAS RANKED AS ONE O

. (The Economist, 20

Populationreachedahighof914,000in1950;d

anestimated431,000in2009.However,betwe

and2005thedowntownpopulationgrew32%.Wiki edia.com

ConnectingCleveland2020CitywidePlanincl

detailsofanewvision,specificactions,connect

sustainability,andmajorcityassets.(Source: CleveCitywidePlan)

andgentrificationinthepastfewyears;alongw

newliveworkzoningoverlay,thishashelped

thecreativeclassindowntown.(Source:Wikipedia.c

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,THRIVING DOWNTOWN NEIGHBORHOODS

Medical,Educationalandculturalcentersarela

employersinthedowntown. GrowthinBiotech

atmedicalfacilitiesandeducationalfacilities h

aidedbytheappointmentofacitytechczart

. .

In2007,Clevelandsmasstransitsystemwasre

asoneofthebestinNorthAmerica.Cleveland

currentlyhasabusandrailtransitsystemopera

theGreaterClevelandRegionalTransitAuthorit.

In2008,theRTAcompletedinstallationofabus

transitline.Namingrightswerepurchasedbyth

ClevelandClinicandUniversityHospitals,called

"Health"orSilverLine,whichrunsalongEuclid

.Wikipedia.com)

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,REDISCOVERED ITS HISTORIC WATERFRONT

Populationinthecityhitahighof949,000in19

wasdowntoanestimated637,000in2009. (SoWikipedia.com)

BaltimoreDevelopmentCorporationhas19are

redevelopment. (Source: BaltimoreDevelopmentCorpo

Thecityhasturnedintoaservicebasedeconom

HealthCareandEducationmakeupthebulkof

citystop27employers.Itdoes,however,contin

country. (Source:mpa.gov)

Baltimorehasoneoftheshortestcommutetim

USanditscitypublicschoolsystemisimproving

thananyother.

TheCityhaschangeditszoningtoallowforUrb

Farming;itspassageisexpectedtohaveaposit

,lots,andincreasingthesupplyoffreshproduceCityofBaltimore)

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3.2 New Anchor Communities

,


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Chiswick Parkwasdesignedinthelate1990swhenclic angewasno genera y rea e asan mpor an

consideration.ThefocusforthedeveloperswasthatCParkshouldofferahighqualityworkingenvironment.

eve opmen now emons ra es ow es gn nga g

landscapenaturallyintegratesadaptationmeasuressu

largetrees,surfacewaterandgoodirrigationwhichw

com or orpeop e sma n a ne as c esge o er.

offarsightedactionwillimprovethelongevityofthe

development.

Thebusinessparkiscomprisedof12buildings,allarrawithingreenparklandfeaturingattractivewalkways,la

awaterfall.Theparklandprovidesapleasantplacefor

employeesandlocalpeopletoenjoyandthelargetre

waterhelptoregulatetheairtemperaturearoundthe

buildings,reducingtheurbanheatislandeffectinthe

neighborhood

TheChiswick Parklandscapeisalmostwaterneutrallittlewaterfromexternalsourcesandmostrunoffisc

withinthesite.Thelakesandwaterfallatthecentreo

developmentarethemostvisibleelementsofthesust

urbandrainagesystemthatreducessiterunofftoale

enoughtobehandledbyexistingservices.

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4. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIO

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PRELIMINARYFINDINGSANDCONCLUSIONS

4.1 Summary of Findings

Geo ra h

DetroitoccupiesastrategicpositionatthecenteroftheGreatLakesMegaregion,andcouldbeanimportant


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hubbetweenChicago,Toronto,andothernationallyimportantcities.

Detroitisthelynchpinoftheworldslargesttraderelationship,betweentheUSandCanada.Fortypercentof

alltrademovesthroughtheregion,andalmost25%ofthevalueofallUSCanadatradecrossesthe

.

Theregionhasaccesstoabundantnaturalresources.

Infrastructure

DetroitlinkstheUSandCanadawithtwobridges,apassengertunnel,twofreighttunnels,andatruckferry.

TheDetroitRiverInternationalCrossingprojectwillfurtherexpandinternationalconnectivity.

Macroeconomics JointUSCanadatradepolicycontinuestomakeDetroitmoreattractiveasahubforshippingandlogistics,with

.

AsotherGreatLakescitiesfocusonrightsizing,Detroitcanbealeaderingreendevelopment,infrastructure

efficiency,governancereform,andlargescaleworkforcedevelopment.

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Geo ra h

Michigans3,200milesofcoastlinesareanunparalleledasset theurbancoastlineinDetroitcanbeanintegral

f h d k


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partoftheentirestatewidenetwork.

History

, ,

availableanywhereelseinthestate.

Macroeconomics

PopulationandjoblossarenotuniquetoDetroit.Whilethestateisgrowingmodestly,mostofitsmajorcities

.

Thestateisfocusingeconomicdevelopmenteffortson6majorindustries:alternativeenergy,energystorage,

, , , .

Scenicandurbandestinationsarebothkeyassetswhichbringvisitorstoastateeveryyear,andDetroitisavital

contributortothefutureofMichiganstourismsuccess,alreadyaccountingfor20%ofallspending.

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Po ulation

AlthoughDetroitisstilllosingpopulation,thelargerregionisactuallygrowingfairlyrapidly.


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Detroitistheonlyareawithconcentratedpopulationdensityintheregion,offeringauniqueurbanexperience.

LandUse

P ys ca y,growt nt ereg on asra ate outwar romDetro t,w t su ur anc t esan townsst

connectedseamlesslytothecityasitscenter.

, ,

consumehundredsofsquaremilesofnaturaloragriculturallandby2030.

Parks+OpenSpace

Largestateparks,predominantlyontheoutskirtsofthemetropolitanarea,couldbeexpandedandeventually

serveas e eg nn ngo a green e s ra egy ocur spraw an ens y ereg on.

BusinessactivityintheregionisstillcenteredonDetroit,despitemanyjobsleavingthecityproper.

Newjobcentershavegrownalongmajorinterstateroutes,oftenattheexpenseofexistingbusinessareas.

Thosenorthwestofthecity(Troy,Pontiac,Southfield)aregrowingmostrapidly.

Overall,theregionhaslostjobssince2002 withmanufacturinghitthehardest butmanysectors,including

healthcare,aregrowing.

n ras ruc ure

ArobustnetworkofroadsmakesDetroiteasilyaccessiblefromdestinationsacrosstheregion.

Detroit Metro Air ort serves as a ma or international atewa to the Cit and an economic en ine for the

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Po ulation

Detroitisbig particularlyforitssizeintermsofphysicalinfrastructure butitisnotunrealisticallylargewhen

compared to other major US cities The size of the city is much less important than its density


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comparedtoothermajorUScities.Thesize ofthecityismuchlessimportantthanitsdensity.

AbandoflowdensityareassurroundDowntown,isolatingitfromtheoutlyingneighborhoods.

PopulationandhousingdensityinDetroitarelowerthaninmostothermajorAmericancities.

WithalandareathesizeofPhiladelphiabutjusthalfitspopulation,Detroithasanincredibleopportunityto

promoteinfill,growstrongerneighborhoods,andcreativelyuseextraspaceasanasset.

LandUse

Industr isconcentratedalon ma orraillines.

Retailandcommercialactivitiesoccuralongthecitysmajoravenues,althoughmuchofthisisnowvacant.

DowntownandMidtownarethecitysmajorcommercialcenters.

Singlefamilyhomesaccountforthevastmajorityofresidentialuses,whichcovermostofthecity.Thereisa

realopportunitytointroducenew,moredensehousingtypologies.

DowntownisDetroitsmostimportantassetforbusinessattractionandretention.

on ng

Areasalongtheriverfronthaverecentlybeenrezonedtopromoteredevelopment.Thiscanbeoneofthecitys

primetoolsforrecreationandadjacentresidentialdevelopment.

Thezoningcodepromoteslandusesthatareavestigeofabygoneera industryalongraillines,retailalong

streetcaravenues,andsinglefamilyresidentialeverywhereelse.Itshouldbeupdatedtoreflecttodays

economicandsocialrealities.

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Vacanc

Therearenearly65,000vacantparcelsinthecity,accountingfor

bl h l h h l l b d d d


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Vacancyisaproblemeverywhere,althoughitisparticularlyacuteinabandaroundDowntownandin

neighborhoodsontheeasternsideofthecity.

50%ofallvacantlandisalreadypubliclyowned,presentinganincredibleopportunityforchange.

Parks+OpenSpace

.

Noconnectednetworkofopenspacesexistsinthecity.

, , , .

Trans ortation

TheMotorCityisstillentirelyautooriented,lackinganycommuterorregionalrailsystem.

DDOTcoversalmosttheentirecitywithbusservice evenneighborhoodsthatlackthedensitytosupportsuch

transit.

TheplannedWoodwardLightRailCorridorhasthepotentialtobringneighborhoodsbacktogetherand

promotenew,trans tor ente eve opment.

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4.2 Areas of Strength


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forit. Jobs,hotels,entertainment,venue

beautiful,recentlyimprovedpublicspace

X

There

are,

however,

several

vacant

and

underutilizedbuildings,vacantlotsandsu

par ng ots. enovat onan n pro ect

linkdistrictsindowntowntocreateavibra

walkableurbancenterwithavarietyofre

neighborhoods.

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ThisareaofDetroitishometothreecolle

fourmuseums,onelibrary,twomajorhos

andanumberoftheatersandmusichalls

locationofsomanybustlinginstitutionsc

makeCassagreatpedestriancorridor.

Highquality,mixeduseprojectsareaplan

thisarea. Attentionshouldbegiventoth

.

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enry or osp a , ec own an eo

aroundGrandAvenueanchorthisareaof

could

be

an

early

win. Needtoroundouttheactivitymixinthis

buildvibrancy.

SOURCE:SKYSCRAPERCITY.COM

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ImplementtheWoodwardAvenueLightR

Funding

is

currently

being

sought

for

the

pthroughcollaborativeeffortsatthecity,st

e era eve s.

LightrailisplannedtorunalongWoodwa

.

neighborhoodsanddistrictstotheLightR

Zonin revisionandurbandesi nu rade

beneededinordertomaximizebenefits.

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WATCH THE SUN SET OVER TWO


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TheDetroitRiverfrontshouldberecognize

majorregionalresource.

ShouldbepromotedaspartofMichigans

ce e rate coast ne anur ancoast ne

complementsthenaturalone.

developmentsshouldbezonedalongthe

waterfrontservingthepublicyearround.

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.

DETROIT RIVERFRONT Fullplancallsfor5.5milesofpublicriverfront,fromtheAmbassadorBridgetoGabrielRichardsPark,

developedasriverwalks,plazas,promenades,parks,harbors,andgreenspaces.

reem eso eeas r ver ron arecomp e e o ay. Futurelinkagestoneighborhoodsinthecenterofthecityvianewgreenbeltsareessentialtomakingthe

.

SKIDMORE OWINGS & MSOURCE: THE DETROIT RIVERFRONT CONSERVANCY

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.

n ers o e ro erc


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n vers yo e ro ercyma ncampus s

inresidentialNorthWestDetroitwithan

extensiveacademicandathleticsprogram

areaservesasanassettothispartofthe

akeynodewithpotentialforgrowthand

Mexicantown isanneighborhoodwestof

Downtownwithacultureandcommunity

hasgreatpotentialforexpansion.Theact

retailstreetsandproximitytothewaterfr

prov eawa a y no oun nmanyo

areasofthecity.2.MEXICANTOWN

1

234

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.

or own s one o e ro s o es ne g or


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or own soneo e ro so es ne g or

centeredbetweenDowntownandMexica

Withrichhistory,qualityhousingstockan

heavypresenceofurbanagriculture,this

neighborhoodprovidesmanyassetstobu

EasternMar et sav rantarea usteasto

Downtown.Peoplecomefromalloverthe

andneighboringsuburbsforitslocalprod

socialcongregation.Theoldstoragesheds

factoriesprovidegreatpotentialforuniqu

res en a o v ng, urn ng earea n

roundactivatedcommunity.4.EASTERNMARKET

1

234

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Completionof

-


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Projectstudy

Thisisaplantoremakenearlyallaspectsof

10yearsMorevisible

government,tobringbackfromtheedgeoffailureoneof

great,historicAmericanmetropolises.ThisisprogressonDWP

recommendation 20years

groups,andother

, ,

10years.Butforalongterm,sustainablepla

vitalitytosucceed,theremust bevisibleprog

Populationdeclinein

thecityis

orts nt e rst

yearsbeginto

Visibleprogresson thefirst5years,aroundwhichcitizenscanraworktowardsbroadergoals.stabilized snow a n obiggerwins

Avibrantand

recommendationseop ean o s

beginreturningto returns

Detroitreemerges neighborhoods

are turned

manufacturing around

Asustainable

modelfor

rowth uides

thecitysfuture

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5. DRAFT PRINCIP

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5.1 Principles


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.

TheDetroitWorksProjectwillencompassthreemaintenets: Respect,Equity,andTrust. The

, , , , .

willbeequitableandbeneficialtoeveryoneinordertodeveloptrustwithcurrentandfuture

residents.

Detroitwillrethinkitspotential,reflectanintentiontobegreat,andredefineitsimage.

.

Detroitwillbuildconfidenceinthecitysresurgenceandwillbealeaderintheregiononceagain.

e ro w engage syou an mo va e em opar c pa e n u ng e r u urean a o

thecity.

e ro w nnova e.

OUT OF DATE REPLACED BY PRINCIPLES IN

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5.1 Principles


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DetroitwillbuildandstrengthenitsfunctionasaGatewayCityforpeopleandgoodsbetween

theUnitedStatesandCanada.

Detroitwillcapitalizeuponitsassets,includingitsinternationalborder, infrastructure,

manufacturingcapacityandculture,toincreaseeconomicactivityandcreatejobs.

Detroitwillsupportsmallbusinessesbyestablishingincubatorcommunitiesandremoving

roadblockstoincreaseeconomicoptimismandtocreateafriendlyenvironmentforanew

generationofbusinesses.

TheneweconomyofthecitywillbeinclusiveofcurrentandfutureDetroiters.

TheCityswestsidewillbeacenterforthenewcenturyofindustry.


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5.1 Principles

,


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TheDetroitRiverfrontwillbeacatalystforfuturedevelopmentthatcanrebrandtheCityasa

regionalandtouristdestination,andasacityofchoicefornewresidents.

TheI94corridorwillbetargetedfornewandrevitalizedindustrialandlogisticuses.

Historicallyzonedindustrialcorridorswillbereconceivedtoyieldnewgreenbeltand/orjob

beltinitiativeswithinthecity.

Infilldevelopmentwillbetargetedadjacenttoexistingareasofstrengththroughoutthecity.

Zoningwillberefinedtoenabletheestablishmentofcompact,walkablecentersofmixeduse

andincreaseddensities,andtolimitmileuponmileofstripstylecommercialdevelopment.

Newapproachesforpublicprivatepartnershipswillbeexploredfortheestablishment ofnew

neighborhoodsadjacenttoemploymentcenters.


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5.1 Principles


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Making Detroit Cleaner and Greener

Detroitwillhaveastrong,safeandattractiveparksandopenspacesystemthatperforms

mu p e unc ons orne g or o o s, nc u ngrecrea on, commun yga er ng, oo

generation,stormwatermanagement,etc.

totheregionsgrayinfrastructuresystem.

forgrowthandinnovation.

cityparks,recreationandopenspacesystematavarietyofscalestoallowforwidespread

artici ation.

UncoverandutilizebodiesofwaterinDetroitneighborhoods;cleanupenvironmental

contamination roduce food in vacant s aces turnin to environmentall based technolo ies

andindustriesasawaytomakeuseofexistingfactoriesandcreatejobs.


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5.1 Principles

, ,'


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TheDetroitWorksProjectwillbuilduponandreflectcurrentneighborhood,communityandCity

efforts.

Detroitwillfocusondevelopingandstrengtheningwalkable,compactdistrictandneighborhood

centers.

Detroitwillbeacityofhealthyneighborhoodsthathaveaccesstofreshfood,openspaceand

communityamenities,includingshoppingandrecreation.

Detroitwilldiversifyitshousingstockbeyondsinglefamilyhomesinordertoprovidemore

lifestylechoicesforindividualsandfamilies.

Attractingmoreretail;beacitythatismorefriendlytobusinessesofalsizes.

EngagingtheYouthofDetroitintheprocess;theyareDetroitsmostimportantasset.

EngageDetroitersintheprocess.


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5.1 Principles


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DetroitwillinvitetheworldtodiscoverinspirationalAmericanstoriesfromthemusic,filmand

automotiveindustries.

Detroitwillrecognizethatitshistoricbuildingstockisanationalandstatetreasure,willstabilize

scon on,an see new u ures orrepurpose an renova e u ngs.

DetroitwillcelebrateitsFrenchandIndianWar,RevolutionaryWar,andWarof1812heritage

and relevance in US histor .

DetroitwillcelebratestoriesoftheOttawaIndiansandtheleadershipofChiefPontiac.

DetroitwillcelebratetheroleitplayedintheUndergroundRailroaddrivenbyitsproximitytothe

Canadian

border.


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policy audit topic: land use and urban form

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