plenary putting vygotsky in your classroom
TRANSCRIPT
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Is Vygotsky
in Your Classroom?
Nancy Burkhalter, PhD
Senior English Language Fellow
St. Petersburg, Russia
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Outline
I. About Lev Vygotsky
II. Zone of Proximal Development
III. Teacher’s Role
A. Engaging projects
B. Collaboration
C. Classroom configurations
IV. Summary
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Born 1896Orsha, Russian Empire
Died 1934 Moscow, USSR
(age 37)
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ZPD definition
…the distance between the child’s actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the higher level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers
James Wertsch
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ZPD
Actual development:working independently
vs.
Potential development:
ADULT
MORE COMPETENT peer.
or
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Zone of proximal development
What children can do in cooperation today, he can do alone tomorrow. Therefore the only good kind of instruction is that which marches ahead of development and leads it; it must be aimed not so much at the ripe as at the ripening functions.
L.S. Vygotsky
Thought and Language
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Is this how you see your students?
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Teacher’s role is NOT
to spoon-feed knowledge like
Mother
Robin
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Are you a…
“knowledge banker”
(Paolo Freire)
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“Children are *often+ seen as the objects or receivers of instruction. Pedagogy has usually operated on the supposition that children are ‘receivers’ of instruction and not, as they certainly are, as elaborators, of the contents presented to them (Vygotsky, 1978).” (Blanck in Moss, p. 50).
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Teacher’s Role = Provide Scaffolding
Gradual withdrawal of adult support as students’ mastery increases.
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How Can We “Enter the Zone”?
Provide
A. Engaging assignments
• Learning projects
B. Opportunities to collaborate
• Interact with peers
• Verbalize thinking
• Demonstrate understanding
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Example of an engaging, collaborative learning project
Linear relations
Telling the Story of a Graph
Duff Porteous
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Linear relations in Applied Math class
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Collaboration
Share meaning through collaboration.
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CLASSROOM
CONFIGURATIONS
FOR
COLLABORATION
Look for1. Where the teacher is.2. Whether the students can interact easily.
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FLA
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England
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Michigan, USA FLA
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India
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Kursk, Russia
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Summary
• Vygotsky: Zone of Proximal Development is fostered through scaffolding and collaboration with others.
• Collaboration is done in social settings.
• Teachers can help collaboration by
– Engaging projects
– Group activities
– Reconfiguring classrooms
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Conclusion
Vygotsky’s genius, born of Soviet roots, is our wonderful legacy today as educators and citizens of the world.
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References
Alexander, R. (2000). Culture and pedagogy. Oxford: Blackwell.Dixon-Krauss, L. (1996). Vygotsky in the classroom. London: Longman.Lev Vygotsky and Collaborative Learning. Retrieved April 1, 2013, from
http://interactyx.com/social-learning-blog/lev-vygotsky-and-collaborative-learning/
Moll, L. (Ed.). (1990). Vygotsky and education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Porteous, D. Telling the story of a graph. Stories from the classroom: Critical Thinking Consortium.
Vygodskaya, G. His life. Retrieved April 1, 2013, from http://webpages.charter.net/schmolze1/ vygotsk
Vygotsky, ZPD, Scaffolding, Connectivism and Personal Learning Networks. Retrieved April 1, 2013, from http://brains.parslow.net/node/1558