plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth
DESCRIPTION
Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth. Goals for the lecture. Students will write and discuss various ideas related to the physical structure of the Earth (9C, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10E, 10F) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLATE TECTONICS, EARTHQUAKES, AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
![Page 2: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GOALS FOR THE LECTURE• Students will write and discuss various ideas
related to the physical structure of the Earth (9C, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10E, 10F)
• Students will write and discuss ideas related to plate tectonics, as well as follow its progression through history(10D)
![Page 3: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHY DOES THE EARTH LOOK LIKE THIS?• Where did the tectonic plates come from?• They came from the ancient land masses the used
to cover the Earth
![Page 4: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
HISTORY• Has the Earth always looked like this?• What did the Earth look like in the past?
![Page 5: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HISTORY• What name do we give this place?• Pangea
• When was this?• 200 million years ago (mya)
• Before there was Pangea, the Earth looked even less like it does today
![Page 6: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
HISTORY• About 160 mya, Pangea began to break apart.• Laurasia and Gondwanaland were the dominant
land features.
![Page 7: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
HISTORY• About 120 mya, Laurasia and
Gondwanaland began to break apart. • Continents we might recognize were the
result.
![Page 8: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HISTORY• 80 mya, Madagascar breaks off from India
as India begins its race across the Indian Ocean.
![Page 9: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HISTORY• 40 mya, Inland seas in the North American
Plate and Asian plates drained and India began to push up the Himalayan mountains.
![Page 10: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TODAY
![Page 11: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FOSSIL EVIDENCE• Organisms have left fossil evidence of their
existence on continents across oceans. • Originally thought to be caused by
organisms traveling across the ocean on “Rafts.”
![Page 12: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FOSSIL EVIDENCE• Other theories suggested organisms crossed
over land bridges that were once exposed.
![Page 13: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FOSSIL EVIDENCE• A 3rd theory surfaced known as Island
stepping stones.
![Page 14: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EVIDENCE THAT THIS IS WHAT REALLY HAPPENED…
![Page 15: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CONTINENTAL DRIFT• Alfred Wegener publishes The Origin of
Continents and Oceans in 1915.• Proposes that the continents were once all
part of a large landmass called Pangea, and then drifted apart.
![Page 16: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CONTINENTAL DRIFT• This idea matured into our current theories
of Plate Tectonics• The surface of the earth is divided into
about 20 plates.
![Page 17: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PLATE TECTONICS• All plates contain both continental and
oceanic crust.• This is a major departure from continental
drift.
![Page 18: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
THE THEORY• Plates are rigid structures and will always
move as a distinct unit.• The distance between two points on a tectonic
plate will always be the same
![Page 19: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LITHOSPHERE• The layer of solid rock that surrounds the
Earth and a thin layer of molten rock beneath it.
![Page 20: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ASTHENOSPHERE• The molten rock beneath the lithosphere.
![Page 21: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
WHERE DO THINGS CHANGE?• At the boundaries between plates.• 3 categories
• Divergent• Convergent• Transform
![Page 22: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DIVERGENT
![Page 23: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WAIT NO…
![Page 24: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES• Occur at oceanic spreading centers,
typically called “Mid-Ocean Ridges”• 2 “Plates” are being pulled apart by magma
from underneath that is pushing upwards• Process known as Seafloor Spreading
![Page 25: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES• 3 classifications of Convergent Boundaries• Oceanic-Continental• Oceanic-Oceanic• Continental-Continental
![Page 26: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES• Subduction Zone(vocabulary)- the place
where one tectonic plate rides up over another and causes it to be pushed down and recycled (melted)
![Page 27: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES• Oceanic-Continental• Result in the formation of Volcanic Arcs along the
boundary
![Page 28: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES• Oceanic-Oceanic• Result in the formation of Island Arcs• Chains of volcanic islands that form along oceanic
plate boundaries
![Page 29: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES• Oceanic-Oceanic boundaries will also result
in the formation of Trenches• These are places where the ocean is deeper
than the surrounding area due to subduction.
![Page 30: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES• Continental-Continental• Result in the formation of mountain ranges
made from deformed (squeezed) native rock
![Page 31: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
![Page 32: Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the structure of the earth](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103102/5681660e550346895dd94f9f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES• Plates move in opposing directions on either
side of the boundary.