plants for water management - pages - metropolitan water...
TRANSCRIPT
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Plants for Water
Management
Class B
http://www.mwdh2o.com
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I n t r o d u c t i o n This book includes descriptions and photos of the plants used in the California Friendly Landscape Training Plant Identification workshop. The plant species included in the class were selected with the help of landscape professionals, college professors, landscape architects, and UC Extension farm advisors. Although most are low water use plants, they do not only represent drought tolerant species. Since the majority of people who attend the workshop are professional landscape maintenance workers, it was intended to also include many of the common plants they encounter in their daily work. It is intended for use in the Southern California area serviced by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. What Information is on the Plant Sheets? Taxonomy - Both the botanical name and the common name of the plant is on the first line.
The botanical family is listed under the botanical name. Size and Exposure - The height and spread information is based on unpruned plants. Zones - The planting zones are based on Southern California climates in areas serviced by the
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The following is a partial list of cites that lie in each zone in order to give an idea of the zone boundaries.
Coastal Coastal Valley Inland Valley Santa Monica San Fernando Riverside Oceanside Escondido Perris Irvine Vista Ontario
Water - Two sources are quoted for the water requirements of each plant.
WUCOLS: A Guide to the Water Needs of Landscape Plants. This publication is available from the California Department of Water Resources and is included in the student’s handbook. Coastal as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Coastal (region 3) in WUCOLS. Inland Valley as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Inland Valleys and Foothills (region 4) in WUCOLS. Refer to page 68 in the manual for a complete description of the regions. *Sunset Western Garden Book (WGB). Water use guidelines for each plant as listed in the encyclopedia section.
A c k n o wl e d g m e n t s *From Sunset Western Garden Book, copyright 1995, Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025. We wish to thank everyone who assisted us in the selection of the landscape plants used in this workshop. JoEllen Jacoby and Don Schultz - September 1998.
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Table of Contents
Page 4 …………………………………………………………… Presentation Slides
Page Scientific Name Common Name
6 Leptospermum scoparium . . . . . . . New Zealand Tea Tree 8 Limonium perezii . . . . . . . . . . Sea Lavender
10 Malephora crocea . . . . . . . . . Ice Plant 12 Melaleuca nesophila . . . . . . . . . Pink Melaleuca 14 Metrosideros excelsus . . . . . . . . New Zealand Christmas Tree 16 Myoporum laetum . . . . . . . . . Myoporum 18 Myoporum 'Pacificum' . . . . . . . . Myoporum 20 Myoporum parvifolium . . . . . . . . Myoporum 22 Nerium oleander . . . . . . . . . . Oleander 24 Osteospermum fruticosum . . . . . . . Trailing African Daisy 26 Phormium tenax . . . . . . . . . . New Zealand Flax 28 Pinus canariensis . . . . . . . . . Canary Island Pine 30 Pinus eldarica . . . . . . . . . . Afghan Pine 32 Pittosporum tobira . . . . . . . . . Mock Orange 34 Quercus agrifolia . . . . . . . . . . Coast Live Oak 36 Quercus ilex . . . . . . . . . . Holly Oak 38 Rhaphiolepis indica . . . . . . . . . Indian Hawthorn 40 Rhus integrifolia . . . . . . . . . . Lemonade Berry 42 Rhus laurina . . . . . . . . . . Laurel Sumac 44 Rosmarinus officinalis . . . . . . . . Rosemary 46 Salvia greggii . . . . . . . . . . Autumn Sage 48 Salvia leucantha . . . . . . . . . Mexican Bush Sage 50 Schinus molle . . . . . . . . . . California Pepper 52 Tecomaria capensis . . . . . . . . . Cape Honeysuckle 54 Tristania conferta . . . . . . . . . . Brisbane Box
Page 56 …………………………………………………………… Presentation Slides 60 …………………………………………………………… Site Microclimates 61 …………………………………………………………… Site Hydrozones 62 …………………………………………………………… Base Sheet Exercise 63 …………………………………………………………… Plant List – Water Use
Plant Growth
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Presentation Slides
Plants for Water Management
• Irrigation Scheduling and Water Use
• Plant Identification
• Microclimates
• Hydrozones
• Water Wise Landscaping
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Irrigation Scheduling• Weather
• Plant Factor
• Soils
• Irrigation System
Performance
Weather Conditions Type of Plants
Type of IrrigationType of Soil
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Weather• Reference ETo (Evapotranspiration)
• CIMIS weather stations
• General Climate Zones• Coastal• Coastal Valley• Interior Valley• Desert
CIMIS Weather Station
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Irrigation System Performance
• Precipitation rate • (Application rate)
• Distribution Uniformity • (Coverage)
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Plant Factor• Also known as Crop Coefficient
• Plant species
• Drought adaptability
• General categories- Very low - Low- Medium - High
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Plant Factor (Crop Coefficient)
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
ETo High Medium Low
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Leptospermum scoparium Myrtaceae
New Zealand Tea Tree
Height 3 to 10 feet (depending on variety)
Spread 3 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun to part sun in inland valleys.
Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: No water on coast, summer water inland. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Less than 1/2 inch long, narrow, green to brownish green.
Flower: Showy 1/2 inch flowers, white, pink, or red, located along branches, spring.
Maintenance Pest free. Light trimming only, avoid shearing.
Susceptible to iron chlorosis. Comments Rather indistinct in landscape when not in bloom.
Give space to allow for full height.
Varieties Ruby Glow (6-10 feet, double dark red flowers). Snow White (2-4 feet, double white flowers). Keatleyi (6-10 feet, single pink flowers).
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Notes:
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Limonium perezii Plumbaginaceae
Sea Lavender
Height 1 to 2 feet Spread 3 to 6 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Freezes at 25 degrees but recovers quickly. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little water once established. Description Evergreen perennial.
Leaf: Green, 6” to 12” long leaf with ruffled edge from base of plant. Flower: Purple with either purple or white center, on 2’ to 3’ stalks. Flowers are papery and clustered into large masses. Spring and summer bloom.
Maintenance Requires good drainage. Avoid direct sun in hot inland areas. Comments When out of bloom, the plant is not attractive. Does well at the beach but can
self-sow.
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Notes:
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Malephora crocea Aizoaceae
Ice Plant
Height 6 inches Spread 11/2 to 2 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Needs no supplemental water once established. Description Succulent ground cover. Trailing.
Leaf: Small gray-green, smooth, cylindrical. Flower: Orange-red, spring, intermittent throughout year.
Maintenance Very hardy. Remove dead areas in late summer and replant. Comments Attracts bees. Good for erosion control on moderate slopes.
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Melaleuca nesophila Myrtaceae
Pink Melaleuca
Height 10 to 20 feet Spread 8 to 18 Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water. Description Evergreen tree or large shrub.
Leaf: Linear, 1” long. Slightly rounded, gray green, leathery. Flower: White to pink, 1” rounded brushes, most of the year. Bark: White spongy bark, peels off.
Maintenance Grows naturally as tree, needs pruning to maintain shrub form. Comments If left unpruned, develops a picturesque spreading form with age. Well adapted to
poor soils and hot climates. Also tolerates ocean winds and salt spray.
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Notes:
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Metrosideros excelsus Myrtaceae
New Zealand Christmas Tree
Height 20 to 30 feet Spread 15 to 30 feet Exposure Full sun
Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Tolerates no water, or some water. Description Evergreen tree (with training) or large shrub. Rounded shape.
Leaf: Smooth, glossy green in youth; Mature leaf is dark above with white wool underneath. Flower: Large, scarlet flowers, with many stamens, at ends of branches. May to July.
Maintenance Naturally branches from the base. Requires staking and pruning to attain tree
form. Can be clipped into a hedge. Comments Very tolerant of coastal conditions, including sand and salt spray. Established
trees can survive without water on the coast and with little supplemental water inland. Will grow faster with regular water.
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Myoporum laetum Myoporaceae
Myoporum
Height 30 feet Spread 20 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Needs frost protection (under 25 degrees) in inland
valleys. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Needs some water. Description Evergreen tree (with training) or large shrub. Broad based.
Leaf: Dark green with translucent dots. Flower: Small, white flower clusters, inconspicuous, summer. Fruit: Small purple berries.
Maintenance Can be trained into small multi-trunk tree. Prune to avoid top heaviness. Year
round leaf drop and invasive roots. Can be used as a groundcover by pegging branches down.
Comments Very tolerant of coastal conditions, including sandy conditions. Can be used as a
screen. Fruit and leaves are poisonous.
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Notes:
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Myoporum ‘Pacificum’ Myoporaceae
Myoporum
Height 2 to 3 feet Spread 15 to 30 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Medium (inland valley).
WGB: Little water once established.
Description Evergreen shrub. Wide spreading. Leaf: 1” to 3” long, ½” wide, serrated, deep green leaves. Flower: Small white, along stem, summer.
Maintenance Trim well away from trees and shrubs on a regular basis. Comments Grows fast. Does well along coast and in calcareous soils. Some plants infected
with a virus that causes yellow leaf variegation.
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Myoporum parvifolium Myoporaceae
Myoporum
Height 3 inches Spread 9 to 12 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Some summer water. Description Evergreen groundcover.
Leaf: ½” to 1”, serrated, bright green leaves. Flower: Small white, summer and intermittent throughout the year.
Maintenance May be short lived. Mice sometimes girdle branches. Comments Can die out in center. Branches root where stems touch moist soil.
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Nerium oleander Apocynaceae
Oleander
Height 8 to 12 feet Petite varieties: 3 to 5 feet
Spread 8 to 12 feet Petite varieties: 3 to 4 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water once established. Description Evergreen shrub or small tree (if trained). Rounded shape. Leaf: Narrow, 4 to 12 inches long, dark green.
Flower: 2-3 inches wide, white, pink or red. Double varieties exist. May or June to October.
Maintenance Susceptible to oleander scorch, yellow oleander aphid, scale, bacterial gall.
Can be trained into small tree. Trees continue to produce sucker growth which requires regular removal. Plants recover quickly from severe pruning.
Comments Very heat tolerant. All parts of plant are poisonous. Growth rate, leaf size, plant
size, and overall shape varies by variety and flower color. Varieties ‘Sister Agnes’ (single, white flowers, to 20 feet)
‘Algiers’ (single, deep ed flowers, 10 to 12 feet) ‘Mrs. Roeding’ (double, salmon flowers, 6 to 8 feet) ‘Petite Pink’ (pink flower, 3 to 5 feet)
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Osteospermum fruticosum Asteraceae
Trailing African Daisy
Height 6 to 12 inches Spread 4 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Moderate water. Description Evergreen subshrub. Wide spreading covered with flowers.
Leaf: Narrow with a few large teeth, variable shape. Flower: Daisy like, lilac fading to white above, darker below, dark purple center. Blooms intermittently throughout year.
Maintenance Tip pinch and lightly prune to encourage bushiness and bloom. Comments Grows fast by trailing branches. Excellent at seashore. May be used in hanging
basket.
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Phormium tenax Agavaceae
New Zeland Flax
Height 7 to 10 feet (See varieties below)
Spread 6 to 9 feet Exposure Full sun, light shade
Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little to no water.
Description Evergreen perennial. Leaf: Long blade, up to 9’ in length, and 5” wide. Flower: Red or yellow spikes above leaves, summer and fall.
Maintenance Divide large clumps. Trim to ground to reduce height. Avoid heading back. Comments Grows into large shrub. Provide plenty of room Varieties ‘Atropurpureum’ (purple red leaf) ‘Rubrum’ (dark purple leaf)
‘Bronze’ (brownish red leaf) ‘Variegatum’ (green white stripes)
Hybrids Hybrids listed below are smaller in size and susceptible to temperatures below 20 degrees. They need partial shade in hot inland areas and require moderate water. Bronze Baby (purple red) Sundowner (apricot, cream, green, bronze) Jack Spratt (very small, dark red brown) Tom Thumb (24”, red brown margins) Mori Queen (apricot, cream, green, bronze)
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Pinus canariensis Pinaceae
Canary Island Pine
Height 60 to 80 feet Spread 30 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Aridity tolerant but needs water in Southern California. Description Evergreen tree. Pyramid shape in youth, round headed in old age.
Leaf: 9” to 12” needles in bundles of 3. Blue-green. Cones: 4” to 9”
Maintenance Stake young trees. Avoid excessive fertilization. Susceptible to several insects
and diseases.
Comments Tolerant of urban conditions. Does best in loose sandy soil.
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Pinus eldarica Pinaceae
Afghan Pine
Height 30 to 70 feet Spread 20 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: (Information not available). Description Evergreen tree. Upright.
Leaf: 5” to 6” needles in bundles of 2. Dark green. Cones: 3” oval to oblong.
Maintenance Stake young trees. Avoid excessive fertilization. Comments Tolerant of both desert and coastal conditions. Thought to be related to P. brutia
and P. halepensis. Accepts alkaline and poor soils.
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Pittosporum tobira Pittosporaceae
Mock Orange
Height 6 to 15 feet Spread 6 to 15 feet Exposure Full sun to half shade
Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Best with weekly watering. Description Leaf: 2” to 5” long with rounded end. Leathery, shiny dark green.
Flower: Creamy white flower in clusters at ends of branch, spring. Fruit: Green fruit turns dark, opens to reveal orange seed.
Maintenance Aphids may be a problem.
Takes well to shearing or prune and thin to maintain good form. Comments Flowers smell like orange blossom. Good near pools.
Can be trained as tree. Cultivars: ‘Variegata ‘ (gray green leaves with white edge)
‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’ (1’ to 2’ high, dense, compact growth habit)
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Quercus agrifolia Fagaceae
Coast Live Oak
Height 20 to 60 feet Spread 30 to 70 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Do not water natives. Water planted ones. Description Broad evergreen tree, loses most leaves in early spring.
Leaf: 1” to 3” cupped leaves glossy above, serrated (hollylike). Bark: Smooth gray. Flower: Small, creamy yellow, droops in clusters from the leaves.
Maintenance Is susceptible to oak moth larvae. Greedy roots make planting underneath
difficult. Leaf drop requires springtime attention. Young trees need staking and proper training.
Comments Allow plenty of room for ultimate size.
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Quercus ilex Fagaceae
Holly Oak
Height 40 to 50 feet Spread 40 to 50 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Do not water natives; Water planted ones.
Description Broad evergreen tree. Leaf: 1 ½” to 3” long, ½” to 1” wide, serrate or entire, dark green above, yellow or silver below. Flower: Small, creamy white, droops in clusters from the leaves.
Maintenance Can be sheared for a formal look. Comments Can be clipped as hedge. Tolerates ocean wind and salt. Accepts wide variety of
soils.
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Rhaphiolepis indica Rosaceae
India Hawthorn
Height 4 to 5 feet Spread 4 to 5 feet Exposure Full sun to part shade
Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal), Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Accepts infrequent or lawn watering. Description Evergreen shrub.
Leaf: 1½” to 3” long, pointed at end. Leathery, medium green. New growth bronzy red. Flower: ½” clusters, white tinged pink, mid winter to late spring. Fruit: Dark blue berry, after flowering.
Maintenance Pinch back tips yearly to encourage bushiness. Avoid trimming after November
for best flowering. Fungus may cause leaf spotting during wet winters. Aphids may be a problem in shade.
Comments Many varieties available with varying size and flower color. Varieties ‘Ballerina ‘ (dark pink flower, 2’ to 3’ high, 4’ wide)
‘Clara’ (white flower, 3’ to 5’ high, reddish new growth) ‘Springtime’ (dark pink flower, upright growth to 4’ to 6’)
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Rhus integrifolia Anacardiaceae
Lemonade Berry
Height 5 to12 feet Spread 5 to 12 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little to no water.
Description Broad evergreen shrub. Leaf: 2” to 4” long, oval with pungent oil when crushed, branchlets often tinged red. Flower: White in clusters, in spring. Fruit: Red berry, in clusters, flat with sour lemon coating.
Maintenance Prone to verticillium wilt. Comments Can be trained against wall, or used as ground cover in areas with consistent
ocean breeze.
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Rhus laurina (Malosma laurina) Anacardiaceae
Laurel Sumac
Height 10 to15 feet Spread 10 to 15 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little to no water.
Description Large evergreen shrub or small rounded tree. Leaf: 2” to 4” long, oval with pungent oil when crushed, branchlets often tinged red. Flower: Small white in clusters, late spring to early summer. Fruit: White berry, attracts birds.
Maintenance Tender to frost but recovers easily. Comments Highly flammable, do not use in fire prone areas. Deep rooted.
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Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceae
Rosemary
Height 2 to 6 feet Spread 4 to 6 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water once established.
Description Evergreen shrub or groundcover. Leaf: Small, narrow, glossy upper surface, grayish white below. Flower: Pale lavender blue, small clusters, spring and fall.
Maintenance Too much water causes woodiness in center and promotes more upright growth. Pinch tip and prune lightly to control growth.
Comments Very tolerant of heat and poor soil, but requires good drainage. Varieties ‘Tuscan Blue’ (rigid upright branches, violet blue flowers, leaves rich green)
‘Lockwood de Forest’ (lighter foliage and bluer flowers) ‘Prostratus’ (2’ tall with 4’ to 8’ spread)
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Salvia greggii Lamiaceae
Autumn Sage
Height 3 feet Spread 3 feet Exposure Full sun to light shade
Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: No water along coast, some water inland.
Description Evergreen subshrub. Leaf: Small, linear, deep green. Flower: Small, red, tubular, spring and fall.
Maintenance Prune back after spring bloom to control ranginess. Comments Attracts hummingbirds. Native to sandy washes. Varieties ‘Alba’ (white flower)
‘Sierra Linda’ (magenta flower) ‘Salmon’ (salmon flower)
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Salvia leucantha Lamiaceae
Mexican Bush Sage
Height 3 to 4 feet Spread 3 to 4 feet Exposure Full sun to light shade
Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Needs no irrigation once established.
Description Evergreen shrub with arching form. Leaf: 2” to 2 1/2” long, gray green above, white below. Flower: Fuzzy purple bracts form spike with small white flowers, spring.
Maintenance Remove old stems after spring bloom. Comments Purple and pink flowers available. Varieties ‘Midnight’ (purple flower)
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Notes:
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Schinus molle Anacardiaceae
California Pepper
Height 25 to 40 feet Spread 25 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: No water once established.
Description Evergreen tree, develops gnarled form with age. Heavy central branches with drooping branchlets. Leaf: Pinnate leaf comprised of many linear bright green leaflets. Bark: Rough, brown. Berry: Rose colored berries, fall and winter.
Maintenance Aggressive roots. Drops litter. Remove suckers regularly. Susceptible to Peppertree psyllid.
Comments Keep away from pavement, give plenty of space. Will produce heavy shade,
discouraging other plants from growing beneath.
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Notes:
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Tecomaria capensis Bignoniaceae
Cape Honeysuckle
Height 20 feet (with support as vine), 6 feet (with pruning as shrub)
Spread 15 feet (vine), 4-5 feet (shrub)
Exposure Full sun or partial shade
Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little water once established.
Description Evergreen vine (with support) or erect shrub. Leaf: Shiny dark green, pinnate with serrated edges. Flower: Bright orange tubular flower in clusters, 2” long. October through February.
Maintenance Requires heavy pruning to maintain as a shrub. Vine requires support. Comments May be used as groundcover. Tolerates heat, wind and salt air. Variety ‘Aurea’ (yellow flowers and lighter green leaves)
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Notes:
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Tristania conferta Myrtaceae
Brisbane Box
Height 30 to 60 feet Spread 25 to 35 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal), Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water once established.
Description Upright, evergreen tree, Leaves: 4” to 6” long leathery, bright green, clustered Bark: Rough, reddish brown, peels away. Smooth lighter colored bark beneath. Fruit: Resembles eucalyptus capsule.
Maintenance May suffer from chlorosis, produces regular litter. Comments Variegated hybrid exists.
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Notes:
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Presentation Slides
Microclimate• A unique climate specific to the location
determined by factors such as:• Drainage patterns• Shade created by buildings• Reflective surfaces (up to 50% hotter)• Overhangs creating shade (up to 50% cooler)• Fences or buildings that block wind• Windy areas such as canyons and ridges
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Shade Patterns
South
EastWest
Afternoon shadeMorning shade
Two Story Building
OneStory
Morning and afternoon shade
North
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Hydrozoning
• Design process of zoning irrigation valves
(stations) so the plant material watered by
each valve has similar water requirement.
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Hydrozone Considerations
• Microclimate • Unique to each situation
• Water Requirement• Unique to plant species
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Water Requirement
• Total water required by plant• (plant factor)
• Frequency of water needs
• Depth of water• depth of roots
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Slope Orientation
North facing slopeSouth facing slope
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Hydrozones and Microclimates
• Group plants with the same watering needs together
• Separate the irrigation valves by watering needs
• Schedule the irrigation to match the watering needs of
the hydrozone
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Site Evaluation
N
S
W E
Building
Parking Lot
South facing slope
North facing slope cool microclimate
Emphasize entry (hot microclimate)
Reflective heat
Sidewalk
Hot microclimate
North side of building -
shady
Ave
r age
mi c
ro-c
limat
e
Average microclimate
Prev
ailin
g B
reez
e
Win
dym
icro
clim
ate
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Hydrozones applied
Building
Parking Lot
Very low water use(zone 7)
Moderate water use plants (zone 1)
Moderate water use (zone 8)
Very Low water use plants (zone 6)
Sidewalk
Moderate water use (zone 3)
Low
wat
er u
se (z
one
4)
Low water use (zone 2)
Ver
y lo
w w
a ter
use
(z
o ne
5 )
N
S
W E
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Water Wise Landscaping
• Can be any style of garden
• Can be in any climate
• A landscape carefully designed to be
beautiful and use water wisely
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Water Wise Landscaping cont.• Use grass sparingly
• Select plants that use low to moderate water for
the majority of the site
• Separate plants by hydrozones
• Use plants requiring more water as accents only
• Install the most efficient irrigation system
• Maintain the irrigation system
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Base Sheet Exercise
• First, evaluate sites microclimates
• Second, evaluate sites hydrozones
• Third, select plants appropriate for each hydrozone• Match plant water use for your hydrozone• Select plants that meet your water needs
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Microclimates
N S
WE
Build
ing
Park
ing L
ot
Sout
h fa
cing s
lope
North
facin
g slop
e c
ool m
icroc
limat
e
Emph
asize
entry
(h
ot m
icroc
limat
e)
Refle
ctive
hea
tSide
walk
Hot m
icroc
limat
e
North
side
of
build
ing -
shad
y
Average micro-climate
Aver
age
micr
oclim
ate
Prevailing Breeze
Windymicroclimate
N S
WE
Build
ing
Park
ing L
ot
Sout
h fa
cing s
lope
North
facin
g slop
e c
ool m
icroc
limat
e
Emph
asize
entry
(h
ot m
icroc
limat
e)
Refle
ctive
hea
tSide
walk
Hot m
icroc
limat
e
North
side
of
build
ing -
shad
y
Average micro-climate
Aver
age
micr
oclim
ate
Prevailing Breeze
Windymicroclimate
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Hydrozones
Build
ing Parki
ng L
ot
Very
low
water
use
(zone
7)
Mod
erate
wate
r use
plant
s (zo
ne 1) M
oder
ate w
ater
use (
zone
8)
Very
Low
wate
r us
eplan
ts (zo
ne 6)
Sidew
alk
Mod
erate
wa
ter us
e (zo
ne 3)
Low water use (zone 4)
Low
water
use
(zone
2)
Very low water use (zone 5)
N S
WE
Build
ing Parki
ng L
ot
Very
low
water
use
(zone
7)
Mod
erate
wate
r use
plant
s (zo
ne 1) M
oder
ate w
ater
use (
zone
8)
Very
Low
wate
r us
eplan
ts (zo
ne 6)
Sidew
alk
Mod
erate
wa
ter us
e (zo
ne 3)
Low water use (zone 4)
Low
water
use
(zone
2)
Very low water use (zone 5)
N S
WE
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Name:________________________
Base Sheet Exercise
1. Select plants from the list provided. 2. Use the microclimate and hydrozone information from the site maps. 3. List plant name, water use, and zone.
Plants Water Use and Zone
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Plant Name Water Use (coastal) Growth Habit Acacia baileyana Low Shrub, Tree Acacia redolens Low Ground Cover Agonis flexuosa Low Tree Aptenia 'Red Apple' Low Ground Cover Arbutus unedo Low Shrub, Tree Artemisia californica Low Shrub Baccharis species Low Ground Cover Bougainvillea species Low Shrub Callistemon citrinus Low Shrub, Tree Ceanothus 'Concha' Low Shrub Cistus purpureus Low Shrub Cotoneaster lacteus Low Shrub Delosperma alba Low Ground Cover Drosanthemum floribundum Low Ground Cover Echium fastuosum Low Shrub Eucalyptus citriodora Low Tree Eucalyptus sideroxylon Low Tree Gazania species Moderate Ground Cover Geijera parviflora Low Tree Grevillea 'Noellii' Low Shrub Heteromeles arbutifolia Low Shrub, Tree Lagerstroemia indica Moderate Tree Lampranthus species Low Ground Cover Lantana camara Low Shrub Lantana montevidensis Low Ground Cover Leptospermum scoparium Low Shrub Limonium perezii Low Shrub Malephora crocea Low Ground Cover Melaleuca nesophila Low Shrub Metrosideros excelsus Moderate Tree Myoporum laetum Moderate Shrub, Tree Myoporum 'Pacificum' Low Ground Cover Myoporum parvifolium Low Ground Cover Nerium oleander Low Shrub Osteospermum fruticosum Low Ground Cover Phormium tenax Low Shrub Pinus canariensis Low Tree Pinus eldarica Low Tree Pittosporum tobira Moderate Shrub Quercus agrifolia Low Tree Quercus ilex Low Tree Rhaphiolepis indica Moderate Shrub Rhus integrifolia Very Low Shrub, Tree Rhus laurina Very Low Shrub, Tree Rosmarinus officinalis Low Ground Cover Salvia greggii Low Shrub Salvia leucantha Low Shrub Schinus molle Very Low Tree Tecomaria capensis Moderate Shrub Tristania conferta Moderate Tree