plant response to the environment. plants food source medicines biofuels
TRANSCRIPT
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Plant response to the environment
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Unique Mechanisms
•Grow indeterminately
•Endure climate
•Obtain nutrients locally
•Defend self without running away
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Plant response to the environment
Environmental trigger: light, gravity, touch
response: movement
Environmental trigger: herbivores
response: communication
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Darwin•The Power of Movement in Plants (1881)
•http://javalab.cs.uni-bonn.de/research/darwin/images/darwin.jpg
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Why do plants need to move?
gather nutrients
optimize light exposure
Movement responses
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Light
courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/starthere.html
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Plant cells have an array of light receptors
phyphy
sun
plant cell
movementtowards
light
germination
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Some plants require light to germinate
CB 39.18
darklight,
then dark
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germination!
PHYTOCHROMEPHYTOCHROME
UV BLUE RED FAR-RED
PHYTOCHROME
PFRPR
TRANSLOCATED INTO
NUCLEUS
RED LIGHT
FAR-REDLIGHT
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Red light = ON
Far Red light = OFF
phy
phy
pRform
pFRform
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Some plants require light to germinate
CB 39.18
phy inactive phy active phy inactive
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Sunlight contains both r and fr light
R absorbed
lowR:FRratio
highR:FRratio
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Gravity
courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/starthere.html
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Starch grains detect vector of gravity
Blancaflor and Masson (2003) Plant Physiology 133:1677Kiss (2006) PNAS
103:829
Shoots
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Growth occurs on ‘bottom’ side
shoots
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Touch
touched not touched
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Touch
courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion
FIRE
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/starthere.html
QuickTime™ and aH.263 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Touch
courtesy: Roger Hangarter, Plants in Motion
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/starthere.html
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Changes in cell size close or open leaves
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Interactions
• Light, gravity and touch
Wind
G
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Light, gravity and touchLight
perceived by light receptorsblue light - movement towards lightred/far red (phytochromes) - germination
Gravityperceived by falling starch grainscells growth on one side bends shoot up
Touchelectrochemical gradient (like nerves in animals)changes cell size closes/opens leaves
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Communication
www.panoptikum.net
Plants know when they are being
chewed on!
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Insect saliva •
lets plant know which insect is attacking
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Alerts othersJasmonic acid
ProteaseInhibitors
ProteaseInhibitors
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http://www.geocities.com/brisbane_parawasps/images/Parasi3.jpg
Calls reinforcements“The enemy of my enemy is a friend of mine!”
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SummaryMovement responses
triggers: light, gravity, touch
changes in cell length or cell size
Communication responses
triggers: herbivores
release of volatile chemicals (Jasmonic acid)