phytochemical studies of medicinal plants from several genera with antidiabetic activities

7/30/2019 Phytochemical studies of medicinal plants from several genera with antidiabetic activities

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Phytochemical studies of

medicinal plants fromseveral genera with

antidiabetic activitiesKarla M. Rodrguez Tirado

Mentor: Dr.Jannette Gavilln

May 13th , 2011


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Acknowledgements

Chemistry Department

Technicians Juan Carlos RodrguezJannette Gavilln, PhD


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Cardiac

Glycosides

TerpenoidsFlavonoids

Alkaloids

Phenols

Saponins

Sterols

Tannins


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Previous Phytochemical Studies Recent research have demonstrated the ability some

phytochemicals have in protecting humans and of being useful

for the treatment of diseases. Rupasinghe et al. (2003) have reportedsaponins antidiabetic

properties ( Kumar et al. 2009)

Studies have also shown that glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and

alkaloids have hypoglycemic activities ( Kumar et al. 2009) Terpenoids have also been shown to decrease blood sugar level in

animal studies (Kumar et al. 2009)

Several plant derived flavonoids have been reported to inhibit

aldose reductase activity and impart beneficial action in diabeticcomplications ( Tiwari and Rao 2002)


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Our plants S.jambos- Tannins have beenreported to be a mayorcompound. Saponins also reported in

lower amounts (Djadjo et al.2000 )

Flavonoids and Phenoliccompounds have also beenreported (Reynertson et al,2008)

C.spiralis- previous studies

reveal the occurrence ofsterols, glycosides andsaponins (da Silva andParente 2004)

R.spathacea- has beenreported to be rich inflavonoids, triterpenes andphenolics compounds(Rosales-Reyes et al., 2006 )


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Specific Aims

Use thin layer chromatography (TLC) to identify the

phytochemical profile of C. spiralis, T. ananassae, S.jambos and R. spathacea

To complete the qualitative analysis of Alkaloids and

Flavonoids for the plants under study

To compare the qualitative and TLC results and drawconclusions


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RelevanceAt the moment, there is no phytochemical profile for these

plants to which people attribute antidiabetic properties.

If we knew the phytochemical profile, we would be able toidentify those specific phytochemicals responsible for theantidiabetic properties.

These plants could then be use as complementary oralternative medicines.


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Methodology Qualitative

Experiment

Flavonoids Shinoda Test

Dried methanol

extracts of plantsAdd 95% methanol, drops of

concentrated HCl and 0.5 g ofmagnessium

A pink color willreveal a positive

result


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Methodology Qualitative

Experiment

AlkaloidsPrepare plant

extracts

To the filtrate, adddrops of Wagners

Reagent

A redddish-brownprecipitates

indicates a positiveresult


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Methodology- TLC

S. jambosT. anassaeR. spathaceaeC. spiralis

Extraction proceduresaccording to phytochemicals

TLC

Solvents:CH

2Cl

2and Methanol

Acetic Acid, Methanol andWater

CH2Cl2, glacial acetic acid,Water and Methanol

UV264 and 366Visible Light

Dragendorffs

ReagentFolin-Ciocalteus

ReagentIodine VaporsAnasaldehyde-

sulphuric acid

Visualiz

ation


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Qualitative Results

Tan Tannins CG- Cardiac GlycosidesAlk- Alkaloids Ter- TerpenoidsSap- Saponins Ste- Sterols

Fla- Flavonoids


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Results Flavonoids

Standard: QuercetineExtraction: Methanol Liquid- liquid Extraction

with a mixture of water and ethyl acetateMobile Phase: CH2Cl2 and methanol

Visualization: UV254nm and visible light


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The TLC confirms thequalitative test result.

Rhoeo spathacea is the onlyplant that contains flavonoids.The result is confirmed by the

literature.


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Results- Alkaloids

Standard: NicotineExtraction: NH4OH, lixiviate with EtOAc,

add NH4OH to organic phase, extract

with CH2Cl2

Mobile phase: CH2Cl2 and methanolVisualization: Spray with

Dragendorffs reagent, UV254nm and

visible light


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Both, S. jambos andT.ananassae, containsalkaloids. This results

compare to those obtain inthe qualitative test.

The lane for R.spathaceaereveals the presence of

alkaloids, differing from thequalitative test result.


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Results- Phenolics

Standard: HydroquinoneExtraction: Lixiviate with methanol and condense filtrate

Mobile phase: CH2Cl2 and methanolVisualization: Spray with Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and heat plates


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The presence phenoliccompounds is observed in

every plant extract.

Tannins are phenolic compounds,therefore, this results confirm

those obtained for the qualitativetest in which every plant had a

positive result. Literature confirmsthe positive results for S.jambos

and R.spathacea.


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Results: Sterols

Standard: StigmasterolExtraction: Methanol and condense filtrate

Mobil phase: CH2Cl2, glacial acetic acid, methanol andwater

Visualization: Spray with a solution of FeCl3, acetic acidand sulfuric acid and heat the plate


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Sterols are present in everyplant extract.

The results differ from thequalitative test results. But,

previous research have confirm thepresence of sterols in C.spiralis.


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Results- Cardiac Glycosides

Standard: DigitoxinExtraction: 70%EtOH on rotary shaker, centrifuged 2

times adding 70% lead acetate and 6.3% Na2CO3,respectively, redesolve with CH2Cl2

Mobile phase: EtOAc-MeOH-H2OVisualization: Sulphuric Acid Reagent and UV366nm


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The phytochemical is observed tobe present in all of the plant

extracts.

Confirm the qualitative results forR.spathaceae, C. spiralis and

T.ananassae. This is not so for S.

jambos, which had a negative for thequalitative. The presence of this

phytochemical in C. spiralis is recordedby previous research.


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Conclusions Alkaloids:

The presence of alkaloids was observed for all plants studied

R. spathaceae and C.spiralis showed higher amount of spots thanT.ananassae and S.jambos.

Phenolics:

The presence of phenolics was observed for all plants studied

S.jambos presents the most amount of spots this phytochemical.

Sterols and Cardiac Glycosides:

The presence of sterols and cardiac glycosides was observed for all

plants studied

These phytochemicals seems to be more or less in the same proportionfor all plants.


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Future Work

Complete qualitative analysis for phenolics compounds,

sterols , terpenoids, Costus spiralis and Syzygiumjambos plant extracts.

Complete TLC of saponins, tannins and terpenoids.


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References Wagner R and Bladt S, Plant Drug Analysis, A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas, 2nd Ed: Springer;Berlin, 1996.

Leach MJ. Gymnema sylvestre for Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Nov; 13(9):977-83

Tiwari AK, Rao JM: Diabetes mellitus and multiple therapeutic approaches of phytochemicals: present status and futureprospects. Curr Sci, 2002, 83, 3038.

Mallikharjuna PB, Rajanna LN, Seetharam YN, Sharanabasappa GK. Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatoruna L.f.- AMedicinal Plant. Journal of Chemistry. 4 (4): 510-518, 2007.

Djadjo C, Delme M, Quentin-Leclercq J, (2000). Antimicrobial activity of bark extracts of Syzygium jambos(L.)Alston(Myrtacea). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 71, Issues 1-2, July 2000, Pages 307-313

Reynertson, K. A., Yang, H., Jiang, B., Basile, M. J., & Kennelly, E. J. (2008). Quantitative analysis of antiradical phenolicconstituents from fourteen edible Myrtaceae fruits. Food Chemistry, 109(4), 883-890. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.021

Rosales-Reyes, T., de la Garza, M., Arias-Castro, C., Rodrguez-Mendiola, M., Fattel-Fazenda, S., Arce-Popoca, E., Hernndez-Garca, S., Villa-Trevio, S.Aqueous crude extract of Rhoeo discolor, a Mexican medicinal plant, decreases the formation ofliver preneoplastic foci in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 115, Issue 3, 12 February 2008, Pages 381-386

da Silva, B., & Parente, J. (2004). New steroidal saponins from rhizomes of Costus spiralis. Zeitschrift Fr Naturforschung. C,Journal Of Biosciences, 59(1-2), 81-85. Retrieved from EBSCOh

Kumar A, Ilavarasan R, Jayachandran T, Decaraman M, Aravindhan P , Padmanabhan N, Krishnan MRV. PhytochemicalsInvestigation on a Tropical Plant, Syzygium cumini from Kattuppalayam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, South India. PakistanJournal of Nutrition 8 (1): 83-85, 2009.


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Thanks for the attention

phytochemical studies of medicinal plants from several genera with antidiabetic activities

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