Phylum Bryozoa

Encrusting vs. Plant like forms

Freshwater vs. Marine

What’s this?

Bird’s nest?

Coral?

Fur ball?

Plant Forms Encrusting Forms

BryozoaFreshwater BryozoaGelatinous zooecium = red in the specimens we studied in lab.

Have statoblasts (black blobs) for surviving through the winter.

Monomorphic = Zooids all the same

Freshwater Form Note: lophophore (A)(u-shaped feeding structure) on the zooid

A

Phylum Bryozoa

Marine BryozoaLophophore is circular

Plant like, colonial and polymorphic (zooids have different forms for different functions)

Marine Form Excellent example of polymorphismThey have autozooids for basic feeding and modifiedzooids for other functions.

A

Phylum Bryozoa

Avicularia – for defense & perhaps food capture.

Vibracula - keep colony free of debris and settling organisms.

VA

Basic Bryozoan Body PlanArea of tentacles = Lophophore= circular ring in marine, = U-shaped in freshwater

Mouth

Intestine

Stomach

Zoecium = chamber in which the individual ZOOID lives

Anus

Retractor muscle to pull organism back into zooecium

What do you callthe structures that enable freshwater bryozoans to over winter?

Basic Bryozoan Body PlanRing of tentacles = Lophophore= circular ring in marine, = U-shaped in freshwater

Mouth

Intestine

Stomach

Zoecium = chamber in which the individual ZOOID lives

Anus

Retractor muscle to pull organism back into zooecium Statoblasts

PhylumEchinodermata(5 Classes)

HolothuroideaAsteroidea EchinoideaCrinoideaOphiuroidea

Echinodermata Basics

•Water vascular system for gas exchange & excretion

•Exclusively marine

•MOST are dioecious. Boy & girl sea stars and urchins…..

•Phylum typically has pentaradial symmetry

Class Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumbers

Respiratory Structure?Term for releasing insides?Symmetry as adult?

Class Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumbers

Respiratory TreeEviscerationSecondarily bilateral as adults

Class Asteroidea- Sea Stars

Path of Water Flow:Madreporite ->stone canal ->ring canal->radial canals->ambulacral groove->lateral /transverse canals-> tube feet/ampullae

Pedicellariae are for cleaning the surfacePapulae are dermal branchiae for respiration

Pyloric Caecum

Gonad

Radial Canal and tube feet

Ambulacral Ridge

Ambulacral Groove

Cross Sections through Ray of a Sea Star

A

B

A

B

Perivisceral Coelom

Pyloric Stomach

Cardiac Stomach - can be evertedin some seastars!

Mouth – oral surface

Anus - Aboral surface

Ampulla

Tube Foot

F

O

O

D

Hepatic or pyloric caecum

Class Echinoidea- Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars

What is the test is used for ?Aristotle’s Lantern is used for?

Class Echinoidea- Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars

Test - SupportAristotle’s Lantern - Feeding

Class Crinoidea- Sea Lilies and Feather StarsMouth on upper surface of bodyMadreporite is oral instead of aboralTube feet used mainly for feeding

Mouth

Feather Star

Stalked crinoid = Sea Lily

Cirri

Cirri

Sounds (and are) much prettier than our specimens would have you believe!

Class Ophiuroidea- Brittle Stars, Basket Stars

No Anus, all organs in central disk

What is the advantage of having an anus?

In what group of animals did we see the introduction of the anus?