5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

21
Animals that are Moss like Phylum Bryozoa Common characteristics Food capturing organ called a lophophore Colonial – asexually produced and interconnected Exoskeleton called a zooecium excreted by individual zooids No specialized organs for excretion, gas

Upload: betweenthetidesuvic

Post on 25-Dec-2014

1.054 views

Category:

Technology


0 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa

Common characteristics

Food capturing organ called a lophophore

Colonial – asexually produced and interconnected

Exoskeleton called a zooecium excreted by individual zooids

No specialized organs for excretion, gas exchange or circulation

Page 2: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa

Page 3: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum BryozoaCnidarian Hydroid Polyp Bryozoan Zooid

Page 4: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa

• Many different growth forms with the zooecium made from calcium, chiton or protein

• Erect and branching– e.g. Bugula sp – The spiral bryozoan

Page 5: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum BryozoaMany confuse them with hydroids or with corals• e.g. Heteropora sp.the staghorn bryozoan

Page 6: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa• Some look more like a fungus than moss• e.g. Hippodiplosia sp. the fluted bryozoan

Page 7: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa

Many others are encrustinge.g. Membranipora sp.

the lacy kelp bryozoan

e.g. Disporella sp.

The purple bryozoan

Page 8: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa

Byrozoan Polymorphism

Different zooids can perform different functions• Autozooids for feeding

and reproduction

Page 9: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa• Zooid is a single sex• Colonies are hermaphroditic• Ovicells are brooding chambers in

the colony• Free swimming larva emerge from

ovicell, settle onto a suitable substrate and metamorph

• First zooid in a colony = ancestrula• Forms new colonies by asexual

budding

Page 10: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoa

Byrozoan Polymorphism

Different zooids can perform different functions• Heterozoids for cleaning

and protection

Page 11: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Moss like

Phylum Bryozoacommon predators are crabs and nudibranchs

Page 12: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Clam like

Phylum Brachiopoda

Common NameLampshells

Common CharacteristicsBivalved shellLophophorePeduncular stalk for

attachment

Page 13: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Clam like

Phylum Brachiopoda

They resemble clams • Calcareous bivalved shell (but

not the same size or shape)• Adductor muscle• Mantle

They resemble bryozoans• Lophophore• No special organ for gas

exchange

Page 14: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Clam like

Phylum Brachiopoda

Page 15: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Clam like

Phylum Brachiopoda

• 350 current species, as many as 30,000 known fossil species

• Dioecious broadcast spawners

Page 16: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Worm like

Phylum Nematodaone of the largest animal phyla occurring freely and abundantly almost everywhere

Page 17: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Worm like

Phylum Nematoda• Unsegmented with a

cylindrical body shape• Covered by a tough

exoskeleton – collagenous cuticle

• Cuticle sheds (molts) as the nematode grows

Page 18: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Worm like

Phylum Nematoda

• Complete digestive tract

• No circulatory system

• Muscles are all longitudinal – thrashing motion

Page 19: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Worm like

Phylum Nematoda

• Eutely (constancy of cell number)

• Epithelium is syncytial (many nuclei but not separated by a cell membrane

Page 20: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Worm like

Phylum Nematoda• Many parasitic

forms • Cuticle around

mouth with teeth like projections

• Cuticle protects from host digestive juices

Page 21: 5. bryozoa brachiopoda and nematoda

Animals that are Worm like

Phylum Nematoda• Dioecious with internal

fertilization• Sperm cells amoeboid

(not flagellated• Females can release

>100,000 eggs per day• No free-swimming larval

stage (emerge from egg as miniature adults)

• Dauer larva (a stage of developmental arrest)