phuc trinh dieu toc.pdf

8/10/2019 Phuc trinh dieu toc.pdf

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H THNG IU TC

I. NHIM V V CHC NNG CA H THNG IU TC:I.1 NHIM V:

Trm thy in l mt x nghip sn xut v cung cp in nng, m nhu cu innng lun thay i trong phm vi rt rng. Nu khng c bin php iu chnh cngsut do tmy pht ra ph hp vi yu cu ca li in th sdn n sthay i tns li in qu gii hn cho php. Quy trnh k thut vn hnh quy nh tn skhng i, sai lch tm thi ca tn sin xoay chiu vi gi trnh mc 50 Hzkhng qu 0,2%.Tn sphthuc vo svng quay ca rto my pht: f = pn/60.Trong si cc p l khng i i vi my pht c, nh vy tn schcn

phu thuc vo vng quay n ca rto my pht in. Mt khc theo c hc, phngtrnh c bn c trng cho schuyn ng ca rto tmy:

Mc (1-1)

Trong : J l mmen qun tnh ca rto tmy thy lc; - tc gc ca rto tmy = . n / 30;Mq - Mmen lc chuyn ng rto tmy;Mc - Mmen cn chuyn ng rto tmy; t - Thi gian.Tphng trnh trn ta thy mun gicho vng quay tmy n khng i, cng

tc l gicho tc gc l hng s( = const) th , th cn duy tr scn

bng gia mmen lc chuyn ng v mmen lc cn chuyn ng, tc l M = Mc.Mmen cn phu thuc vo phu ti my pht in Nmpcn mmen chuyn ng Mquyt nh bi cng sut ca turbine Nt, gia chng c quan hsau:

(1-2)

T(1-2) ta thy, scn bng gia Mv Mcchc ththc hin c khi cng sutmy pht lun bng cng sut turbine mi thi im, tc Nt= NmpNu phti my

pht in thay i m cng sut turbine vn khng i sdn n s thay i vngquay tmy.

Cng tcng thc trn, c ththay i cng sut turbine bngcch thay ilu lng vo turbine Q, thay i ct nc H hoc thay i hiu sut ca turbine. Tuynhin, vic thay i ct nc v hiu sut ca turbine l iu khng thc t, do chcn vic thay i lu lng Q ca turbine l thc hin c.V vy, iu chnh cngsut turbine thulc thc cht l iu chnh lu lng bng l iu chnh van kim viu chnh thit btch dng mt cch lin hp.

Tnhng din gii trn ta rt ra nhim vca thit biu tc tmy thy lcl cn cvo sthay i phti bn ngoi tin hnh iu chnh lu lng ca turbine


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cho cng sut tmy pht ra cn bng vi yu cu phti v givng quay tmykhng i.

I.2 CHC NNG CA H THNG IU TC

- iu khin chu trnh khi ng v dng t my.

- iu khintc t my ha li.- iu khin cng sut hu cng ca t my.- iu khin cc chu trnh c bit khc nh ch iu tn, ch ti u kim

phun.

B iu tc in t my thy in A Lic thit k cho vn hnh h thngturbine Penlton thy lc nhm thc hin chc nng iu chnh cng sut v tn s tmy.N nhn cc tn hiu u vo nh: v tr my ct, tn s li,cng sut, tc tmy, p lc ng ng phn phi, v cc tn hiu phn hi v tr kim, cn gt, tn hiut t h thng iu khin t x l v xut lnh i iu khin.

II. CU TO H THNG IU TC A LI

B iu tc gm c hai phn l b iu tc in v h thng iu tc c.

II.1 B IU TC C

B iu tc c gm c h thng du iu tc,ng ngkim phun cn gtv vaniu khin thy lc.

II.1.1 Cu to h thng du iu tc

H thng du iu tc c p lc lm vic khong 5,7 n 6,3MPa c a vocc cc servo ng m kim phun, cn gt. Vic thay i m ca kim phun, m ca cn gt thay i lng nc vo tua bin t c th iu chnh cng sut

u ra ca t my pht in. Ngoi ra h thng cn c kh nng t ng ng kimphun cn gt khi b vt tc c hay ngay c khi mt in h thng iu khin.


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Hnh 4.1 S nguyn l h thng du iu tc

* Thng du tng

Thng du c t cao trnh 68,8 m, c nhim v cung cp du cho cc bm vtp trung du x t ng v ca h thng du iu khin. Cc thng s ca thng dutng:

Th tch bn du x: 3375 lt.

Th tch du thng cha 800 lt, c tnh du ISO VG 32.

Chiu rng: 1920mm, chiu di: 4150mm, chiu cao: 1000 mm, mc du lmvic bnh thng: 500 mm.

Cc tip im bo mc du 111SN, 112SN, 113SN,.Mt tip im pht hin nc ln trong du 201FC.

Mt b th c thit k thng hi vi khng kh bn ngoi 201FJ.

Mt b lc cho mi bm 201LP (202LP) vi relay p lc sai lch 201YC (202YC) pht hin chnh p lc trc v sau b lc.

Thc o mc du trong bn v chuyn i thnh tn hiu dng in 200LN.


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Hnh 4.2

Thng du tng hthng du iu tc

* Bm du

Hai bm du c trn bn du x, c nhim v cung cp du cho bnh du iutc nhm gi mc du trong bnh du iu tc mt phm vi t 5,7 ddeend 6,3 Mpa(c gii thiu k phn bm du).

* Bnh du p lc

Bn du p lc c nhim v n nh v duy tr p lc du trong qu trnh iukhin t my. lm c vic th bn trong bn du p lc ngi ta dng kh nn du ( kh 2phn, du 1 phn). Cu to v thng s k thut ca bn du p lcnh sau.

Bn du p lc c t trong cm trn thng du x v t iu tc c. Thng sca bn du:

Cao trnh t 68.8 m, chiu cao: 3.535 mm, ng knh trong :1000 mm.Th tch du lm vic bnh thng: 870 lt.

p sut lm vic bnh thng : 6,3 MPaTng th tch : 2500 lt.

Cc thit b ca bn du p lc:

Mt ng ch th mc du trong bn du LR3.


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Hnh 4.3 Bnh du p lc

Mt van an ton 01VQ bo v cho bnh du khi p lc trong bn du tng cao.Mt solenoid ZBQ t ng np kh cho bn du p lc. Mt ng h ch th p lc du 01VP.Mt cm bin 101MN chuyn i tn hiu mc du thnh tn hiu dng in 4

~20mA..

Mt tip im ( bng c kh) mc du 101SN, 102SN, 103SN, 104SN.Mt cm bin chuyn i tn hiu p lc du thnh tn hiu in 121MP.

Cc tip im p lc: 101PS, 102PS, 103PS, 104PS, 105PS.II.1.2 Cu to h thng ng ng, van iu khin:

Tt c cc ng ng dn du u c lm t thp khng r c nhim v dn dup lc t bnh du p lc qua cc van iu khin thy lc n secvo kim phun cn gt.

II.1.2.1 Van mang ti


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Hnh 4.4 Cm van mang ti 101EM, 102EM

Cuto:

Cm van mang ti101EM, 1102EM gm 1 vancartridge 2 ng, c cu to gingnh 1 xylanh thu lc, 1 u thng vi bnh du p lc. V hai van an ton.

Hotng ca van mang ti:

Bm du p lc 101PO (102PO) lun chy trong qu trnh vn hnh tmt. T, du p lc c duy tr p lc trong phm vi lm vic cho php 57 - 63 bar. Khip lc ca h thng du gim n gi tr lm cho van cartridge i trng thi (p lcdu t bnh du p lc cng vi p lc l xo khng th thng ni gi tr tc ng cahai van an ton i km) th du p lc t bm s y van cartridge i ln cung cpdu cho bnh du p lc. Khi p lc ca h thng du tng n gi tr lm cho van cartridge i trng thi (p lc du t bnh du p lc cng vi p lc l xo ln hngi tr tc ng ca hai van an ton i km) ngt ng du vo bnh du p lc t du t bm s c x v thng du x khi hai van an ton tc ng. Van an ton thnht s tc ng khi p lc vt qu 0,15 Mpa so vi p lc nh mc. Van an tonth hai s tc ng khi p lc vt qu 0,3 Mpa so vi p lc nh mc.

II.1.2.2 Van selenoid iu khin kim phun, cn gt

Cc van selenoid 201PV 206PV iu khin kim phun, 301PV 306PV iukhin cn gt l cc van selenoid in t 4 ng (bn cng) 3 v tr (ng, m v trung

tnh) c iu khin bng dng in 4 20mA. Khi cn m hoc ng kim phun(cn gt) th cun dy a hoc b s c cp mt dng in t van selenoid s chuni trng thi thng du i ng hoc m kim phun (cn gt). Khi s iu chnh tc gi tr yu cu v m ca kim phun (cn gt) th cc selenoid s tr v v trtrung tnh v nht du trong ng ng gi nguyn m kim phun.

II.1.2.3 B bo v vt tc c

Trn trc t my c gn mt l xo vi cam A (c th iu chnh c) v cc cmbin tc (Proximity Switch). Bnh thng tc ca tuc bin n nh, th lc ly


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tm cha tc ng l xo, nhng khi tc t n gi tr vt tc, lc ny lc lytm sinh ra ln lm vng l xo, lm con cam tc ng vo van B lm cho ng dup lc iu khin kim phun cn gt v bn x. Ngoi ra tn hiu t cc cm bin tc s a tn hiu i trip my.

Hnh 4.5

B bo v vt tc c Nhim v:

B bo v vt tc c c nhim v pht hin s vt tc, dng khn cp(emmegancy shutdown) t my khi pht hin thy t my ang vt tc bng cch tcng vo mch du iu khin ng kim phun v cn gt.

Hot ng:

Bnh thng tc ca tuabin n nh 333v/ph, nn lc ly tm tc ng ln lxo cha lm c cu camA gn trn trc i ra, trng th ca cc selenoid nh hnhv. Khi tc ca tuabin t n gi tr vt tc 155% tc nh mc (516,6v/ph),

lc ny lc ly tm sinh ra ln lm vng l xo, lm cam A tc ng vo khu cht vanselenoid B lm khu ny quay khng tc ng vo selenoid na. T selenoid B lmthng ng du p lc iu khin van selenoid ca kim phun v cn gt v thng dux. T cc kim phun v cn gt s t ng ng li nh tc dng ca du p lc, tmy dng khn cp.


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II.1.2.4. Vi phun :

a)

Cu to vi phun:Vi phun c cu to gm cc bphn sau : Thn trc, thn sau, ming vi phun,

servo kim, u kim, trc kim.v.v


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Thn trc, thn sau c chto bng thp c v c ghp li vi nhau bngbu lng, bmt ghp ni c lm kn nc bng o ring. Thn sau c hn vi mtbch lp ghp vo ng phn phi, ngoi ra ngi ta cn chto ring mt bch miu chnh khi lp ghp vi phun vo ng phn phi.

Ming vi phun c chto bng thp khng rm bo khnng lm victrong mi trng nc chy p lc ln. Ming vi phun c lp vi thn trc cavi phun bng bu lng lc gic chm, v c lm kn nc bng o ring.

Servo kim c b tr pha trong ngay ng tm trc ca thn vi phun. Nc hn vi thn vi phun thng qua 4 tm gn lin kt c b tr theo hnh chthp, trn tm gn btr pha trn cng v pha di cng c khoan cc lng duvo, ra, xdu, nc r, lun cp. Servo kim gm c thn servo, np trc, np sau:

+ Np trc c cu to nh l mt khoang xi lanh lp vi piston to

thnh mt c cu dn hng, n c lp vi thn Servo bng bu lng lcgic chm v c lm kn nc bng o ring. Ngoi ra trn np trc ngi tac lp mt ng lt to bin dng chuyn tip gia thn servo v u kim,to hng cho dng chy

+ Thn servo c chia lm 2 khoang, khoang trc c lp bc cng vipiston l xi lanh iu khin ng mkim phun, hot ng bng du p lc.bn trong bmt tip xc gia piston v trc kim c lp o ring, gia pistonv xi lanh c lp o ring v 2 segment ngn nga khng cho du r rqua

cc khoang xi lanh. Khoang sau c lp thit bcm bin hnh trnh hinthng m kim. Khoang trc v khoang sau c ngn cch bi mt

bch lm kn bng o ring. Pha sau cng l np y bo bv lm kn nccho servo, np c dng cu nhm to hng v gim tn tht cho dng chy

+ Trong thn servo c b tr mt l xo nhm mc ch to ra p lc ngtrc cho kim, ng kim khi bscmt du p lc. Ngoi ra n cn c tcdng gim chn khi ng hoc mkim

u kim cng c ch to bng thp khng rm bo kh nng lm vic

trong dng chy tp trung p lc ln. u kim c lp vi trc kim bng mi ghpren, c khng chchng xoay bi cht lp gia u kim v bc lt u kim. Phasau bc lt u kim l mt piston di trt trong xi lanh nhm dn hng cho u kim

phun. u kim, bc lt, piston c lp thnh mt cm cng chuyn ng vi trckim. Gia piston, trc kim vi xi lanh dn hng c lp cc o ring v rong lmkn nc nhm ngn chn nc xm nhp vo khoang du iu khin.


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b)

Chc nng v nhim v:Kim phun dng iu chnh lu lng nc tc ng vo BXCT ng vi tng chchy my v cng sut pht.ng khi dng my bnh thng.

c)

Hot ng :Mvi phun

+

Du p lc tbn du p lc van iu khin ( trng thi m), du tvaniu khini vo khoang mca servo y piston mvi phun.

ng vi phun

+

Du p lc tbn du p lc van iu khin( trng thing), du tvaniu khini vo khoang ng ca servo y piston ngvi phun.

iu tc

+

Hot ng ng mtun theo ng c tnh kim phun cn gt, c iu khin

bi biu tcII.1.2.5. Cn gt & servo cn gt:

a) Cn gt :


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+ Cu to:gm c u cn gt, gi , trc cn gt, cnh tay n v trc cnh tayn

u cn gt c c bng thp, chiu dy bmt gt nc 60 mm, chiu dy mhai bn 45 mm

Gi : gi treo gi c hn trc tip trn thn vi phun, bmt lm vic ca nc t bc lt hp kim ng di 80mm dy 3mm, y l loi bc lt tbi trn.Gi c nhim vl u cn gt v cho cn gt c thquay c ddngkhi mhay ng ct tia nc

Trc cn gt c ng knh 109mm, ng knh ca ngng trc ma st l110mm, c chto bng thp khng r. Trc cn gt c lp cnh vi ucn gt v xoay quanh gi nh l mt c cu bn l.

Cnh tay n mt u ni vi u cn gt, mt u ni vi servo cn gt thng quatrc(cht) cnh tay n, bmt tip xc gia trc v tay n cng u l nhng

bc ng tbi trn, cnh tay n cng c ch to bng phng php c.Nhim vca cnh tay n l truyn chuyn ng tservo cn gt n u cn gt

+ Nhim v: cn gt c nhim vl ct nhanh tia nc dng my nhanh hnchsvt tc v chuyn hng phn nc ct xung hm tailrac

b) Servo cn gt :+ Cu to :Servo cn gt gm c thn servo, piston, trc servo, cc thnh phn

lm kn du, cc cng tc hnh trnh, cm bin vtr. Servo cn gt c lp trngi hn cnh vi thn vi phun ti bch ghp gia thn trc v thn sau vi

phun

ng knh ca thn servo(xi lanh) l 230mm, gia piston v thn servo clm kn bng o ring v 2 segment btr 2 bn o ring. Trn thn servo c trang b2ng du iu khin ng mservo, ngoi ra cn btr 2 ng du rkimsot lng du rqua servo

Trc piston c ng knh 80mm, ng knh ngng trc lp piston l 60mm,

u cui trc c khoang l13mm lp u d cm bin vtr, u trc trc cren M52x3 lp vi m truyn ng. Ngoi piston iu khin ra, trn trc cn btr thm mt piston dn hng di trt trn bc lt gn vi thn servo nhm dnhng cho trc piston.


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+ Hot ng:

Mcn gt Du p lc tbn du p lc van iu khin(trng thi m), du tvan iu

khin i vo khoang mca servo y piston mcn gt.

ng cn gt Du p lc tbn du p lc van iu khin( trng thi ng), du tvan

iu khini vo khoang ng ca servo y piston ngcn gt.iu tc

Hot ng ng mtun theo ng c tnh kim phun cn gt, c iu khinbi biu tc

II.2 B IU TC IN:

B iu tc in gm c phn cng v phn mm. Phn cng l b iu khin

logic lp trnh c (PLC), t vn hnh ti ch, cc b khuch i u ra cng nhcc thit b o lng, chuyn i tn hiu, kt ni tn hiu. Phn mm l chng trnhiu khin c ci t vo cc b iu khin logic lp trnh c (PLC) v giao dinngi my (HMI).

Sau y trnh by mt s b phn chnh ca b iu tc in.

II.2.1 Cc m un in t:

Cc m un ny c lp t trong t b iu tc in bao gm:

Hnh 11.1Tng quan v phn cng b iu tc

- B chuyn i ngun DC/DC;- B PLC;


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- B x l (CPU ) v b nh;- Bng vn hnh ti ch;- Cc m un vo/ra s;- Cc m un vo/ra tng t vi b m u vo;- B chuyn i tn s/dng in o tc v cc tip im tc ;-

Khuch i u ra cho van t l.II.2.2 B iu khin logic lp trnh c PLC

B PLC c chun ha gm cc thnh phn trong cng nghip k thut cao:

- CPU vi chng trnh v b nh;- Cc m un vo/ ra s;- Cc m un vo/ ra tng t.- M un truyn thng

Cc b phn ca PLC khng c phn quay no nn nng cao tin cy trong vnhnh. Nu mt ngun in, cc gi tr hin ti cacc thng s iu chnh c cha

trong cc b nh c tr v cc th nh siu nh.Cc m un vo v ra c s dng cung cp iu khin v phn hi ca cc

u vo v ra c yu cu.

II.2.3 Bng vn hnh

*Tng quan:Hot ng ti ch ca iu tc tuabin c thc hin bng cch s dng mt bngiu khin vi mn hnh tinh th lng (LCD) c kh nng hin th ha v bn phmvi cc phm chc nng nim phong. u vo s hoc ch, s c thc hin bngcch s dng chc nng cm ng ca bng iu khin. Cc bng iu khin c kt

ni bng cp vi b iu tc bng ca mt bus iu khin MPI .Tt c cc im t cn thit vn hnh iu tc tuabin v cc thit lp cc thng skhc nhau c th c truy cp bng cch s dng bng iu khin. ngn chn btk thay i khng c php cc thng s, nhp vo mt gi tr tham s mi voPLC c bo v bi mt tn ngi dng c bit / mt khu bng iu khin. Bsung mt s chc nng c bit ca iu tcc tuc bin dng c th truy cp sau khic ng nhp vo bng iu khin vi mt tn ngi dng / mt khu nht nh. Bsung mt s chc nng c bit ca iu tc c tuc bin dng c th truy cp sau khic ng nhp vo bng iu khin vi mt tn ngi dng / mt khu nht nh. 32 phm chc nng [ F1] [ F14 ] v [ K1 ] [ K18 ] cng vi mt s nt cm ng

v cc vng u vo tng t c sn hot ng iu tctuabin. Bng vn hnhc kt ni vi b iu khin b iu tc thng qua dao din truyn thng


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* Phm F1 n F14

Cc phm ny thc hin cc chc nng hin th cng dng di cng ca mn hnhang hin th. Cc chc nng tng t c sn vi cc nt cm ng vo dng di cngca mn hnh hin th. Vi cc phm [ F1], [ F3] cc phm [ F1], [F3] v [F5] bn trica mn hnh ngi s dng c th chuyn sang mn hnh.

+ [ F1] dn n mn hnh iu khin chnh,

+ [ F3] mn hnh bo ng ,

+ [ F5] chuynmn hnh sang cc chc nng khc nh ch bo dng, lm schmn hnh, th nghim, kim tra m kim phun hoc cn gt.

+ [ F6] ch ch iu khin Auto/Local

+ [ F7], [ F8], [ F10], [ F11], [ F12] khng s dng

+ [ F9] kch hot mt mn hnh, ni cc gi tr vt l thay v gi tr phn trm chin th cho tc v lu lng.

+ [ F13], [ F14] iuchnh tng gim gi tr lu lng.

* Phm K1 n K18

+ [ K1]phm khi ng h thng iu tc


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+ [ K2]phm Reset h thng iu tc

+ [ K3]phm dng h thng iu tc

+ [ K4]phm chn ch iu tn

+ [ K5]phm chn ch vn hnh c lp

+ [ K6] phm chn ch iu tc theo lu lng+ [ K7]phm chn ch iu tc theo ti

+ [ K8], [ K17] khng dng

+ [ K18]phm xc nhn sau khikch hot cc u vo

n LED ca kha [ F3 ] c nh du nu mt bo ng ang hot ng v nhpnhy nu mt bong khng c tha nhn l hot ng. Bng cch s dng cc

phm [ F2 ] v [ F4 ] im t ca ch kim sot hot ng hin ti c th ctng hoc gim theo mt t l on ng ni tham s. Bng cch s dng phm [F6]n c th c chuyn i gia cc ch t ng v hng dn ca iu tc. Nu

iu tc l trong ch hng dn LED ca phm c nhn mnh. kch hot ccu vo phm tt phi c xc nhn vi phm [ K18 ] trong vng 10 giy

Ni chung l nu mt lnh cn c khng nh n c ch nh bng cch nhpnhy ca n LED ca kha [ K18 ] v mt thanh mu xanh di cng ca mnhnh.

Nu iu tc ang ch hot ng ti ch LED ca [ F8 ] phm c nhn mnh.Cha kha chnh n khng c chc nng . Nu iu tcl trong uvo iu khin txa t cc OP s khng c chp nhn bi iu tc. kch hot cc u vo phm tt

phi c xc nhn vi phm [ K18 ] trong vng 10 giy.

Cc phm tt phi c xc nhn vi phm [ K18 ] trong vng 10 giy.

Chuyn i gia cc ti ch kim sot v iu khin t xa c x l bng cch sdng cha kha trao tay -S02 ( t xa / ti ch ).

Vi phm [ K1 ] n v c th c bt u v vi phm [ K3 ] n v c th cngng li. n LED tng ng c hin th trng thi hin ti ca iu tc. kchhot cc u vo phm tt phi c xc nhn vi phm [ K18 ] trong vng 10 giy.

Vi cc phm [ K4 ] [ K7 ] n c th c chuyn i gia cc ch hot ngkhc nhau ca iu tc. ch hot ng c hin th bng mt nhn mnh LEDca kha. cho php mt u vo ca cc phm phm tt phi c xc nhn vi

phm [ K18 ] trong vng 10 giy.

n LED ca kha [ K11 ] cho thy c n v l trong khng ti hot ng haykhng. Cha kha chnh n khng c chc nng .

Nu n v l trong ch hot ng t ng b n LED ca kha [ K15 ] c tm. Cha kha chnh n khng c chc nng.

Vi h thng bo ng quan trng [ K2 ] hot ng c th c cng nhn v thit lpli, nu mn hnh bo ng c kch hot.


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Vi phm [ K18 ] u vo c th c khng nh nu cn thit. Tt c cc im ttng t, mt s lnh nh phn ca [ F ] v [ K ] phm v thay i gi tr tham s phic xc nhn trong vng 10 giy sau khi u vo. Trong thi gian ny cc n LEDca phm ny nhp nhy. Nu u vo khng c xc nhn trong thi gian ny n skhng tr thnh hot ng, cc im dng n LED nhp nhy v cc thanh du hiu

mu xanh bin mt. Nu u vo khng c xc nhn trong thi gian ny n skhng tr thnh hot ng , cc im dng n LED nhp nhy v cc thanh du hiumu xanh bin mt. Lnh ci t trc c th khng c chn trong 10seconds bngcch nhn vo nt cm ng gc bn phi ca thanh ch mu xanh.

11.2.4 Cc b khuch i u ra cho va t l

Giao din gia b iu tc s v thit b thy lc (kim phun v cn gt) c cutrc bng cch s dng b chuyn i thy lc-in. T cc van t l c s dng iu khin b khuch i ng ra van c cung cp. Trong b khuch i ng ra,im t m c so snh vi gi tr hin ti (4 20mA) v ph thuc vo sai lch

gia im t v gi tr phn hi, van servo c kt ni s c thay i v tr sdng iu chnh khuch i (vng lp iu chnh v tr). Cc b khuch i ng rac cung cp c th c t v tr bng tay v c lp t b iu tc bng cch sdng cc phm bm trc t vn hnh ca b khuch i ng ra.

11.2.5 Ngun cp

B iu tc yu cu mt ngun ni t 24V DC. iu ny s c thc hin bihai b chuyn i DC c lp nhau, d phng cho nhau.

11.2.6 Cc b khuch i tng m

Cc b khuch i tng m c mt s cch ly v in gia u vo v u racng nh ngun cp v cc u vo u ra. Ti u ra khng nh hng n uvo.

11.2.7 o tc t my

o tc t my c thc hin ng thi bi hai cm bin in cm cho mt abnh rng c lp t trc turbine. Thit b to ra sng vung c cung cp bi schuyn ng ca a bnh rng c a n thit b m.

Thit b m c tch hp m un I/O Simatic SM335 trong rnh b iu tc(o lng tc s). Tc c tnh ton trong mi chu k thi gian.

B o tc d phng th hai s dng inductive proximity switch. Tn hiu ccung cp ti mt b chuyn i tn s-dng in. Ng ra ca thit b l dng in 4 20mA tng ng vi tc t 0 200% tc nh mc, c truyn ti b iu tc(o lng tc tng t) v ti h thng iu khin t my (o tc c lp viPLC). Khi turbine vn hnh bnh thng, pht ra tn s 50Hz, b iu tc s nhnsng vung tn s 100Hz. Tn hiu dng in c dng trong b iu tc d

phng (chuyn i t ng) trong trng hp s c tn hiu tc chnh.


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D phng pht hin vt tc, b chuyn i tn s/dng in cung cp mt tipim vt tc.

11.2.8 Chuyni v tr

V tr ca kim phung/ cn gt c o bi cm bin v tr truyn tnh transsonar.

V tr ng hon ton tng ng vi tn hiu ra 4 mA, v tr m hon ton tng ngvi tn hiu ra 20 mA.

11.2.9 o lng ct nc

p lc ng ng penstock c o bi mt chuyn i p lc ring bit c lpt ng ng p lc trc van cu. Tn hiu ct nc c tnh ton t tn hiu plc.

11.2.10 o lng tn s li

o lng tn s li l cn thit cho chc nng tn s t trc hoc iu khin

trt trong qu trnh ha ng b. Mt thit b ring (VFU2) phc v cho s cchly in v iu kin tn hiu. Ng ra VFU2 l mt tn hiu 100Hz tn s nh mc.Tn hiu c kt ni ti ng vo mt b m ca m un vo/ra tng t PLC.

11.2.11 o lng ti

Gi tr hin thi ti c c lng bi h thng iu khin t my hay tn hiu 0n 20 mA tng ng vi cng sut -20 n 100 MW.

11.2.12 Chuyn i tn hiu

Cho chuyn i tn hiu vi cc nh cung cp khc, cc tip im c cung cp.

Cho cc r le tn hiu vo/ra nh phn c dng cch ly u vo/ra s. Tn hiutng t c kt ni thng qua khuch i tng m. Tn hiu t cc nh cung cp

bn ngoi cng c thng qua cc tip im.

11.3 CHC NNG CHNHCA B IU TC

11.3.1 Vnglp iu khin tc

B iu chnh tc l mt b PID (bin cc thng s iu tc theo iu kin vnhnh). C 3 b thng s ci t: mt cho vn hnh khng ti (ti u cho qu trnhng b), mt cho vn hnh li cch ly v mt cho vn hnh kt ni li in.

11.3.2 iu khin lu lng/tnh ton lu lng

iu khin lu lng ch c th xy ra trong vn hnh song song vi li in, tcl my ct phi ng v tc phi nm trong dy tc nh mc. B iu khin lulng s dng cc gi tr hin thi lu lng turbine c tnh ton du vo mkim phun v ct nc c bn. S tnh ton ny c thc hin bng cch s dngchng trnh c tnh turbine trong b iu tc. Gi tr t lu lng v gi tr hin tic ch ra v c iu chnh bi s hin th. Gi tr t c th a ra bi mt tn


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hiu tng t bn ngoi. Nu c yu cu, iu khin lu lng c kch hot tng sau khi ng my ct u cc. B iu khin lu lng l mt vng iu khinPI, n tnh ton c gi tr truyn ti vng lp iu khin m thng qua tn hiuchn la.

11.3.3 iu khin ti

iu khin ti ch thc hin c trong vn hnh song song vi li in, tc lmy ct phi ng v tc phi nm trong dy tc nh mc. Theo cu trc phnhi nhanh ty theo s thay i ca gi tr tham chiu cng sut, mt c tnh ph (lulng c chc nng nh cng sut) c bao gm vi ph thuc ct nc. Ng ra cac tnh c thm vo tn hiu ng ra ca b iu khin cng sut m khng c tr.Bng cch ,gi tr ng ra hin ti i theo gi tr t nhanh nht c th bng cchiu khin cc thnh phn v b iu khin cng sut PI lin quan in hnh phi cn

bng s sai khc hoc nh hng khng t c. Nu c yu cu, iu khin cngsut c kch hot t ng sau khi ng my ct u cc.

Gi tr t ti tng t bn ngoi: phn hi nhanh vi lnh ca trung tm iu, mt u vo gi tr t tng t bn ngoi c th c bt ln. N c s dngbng lnh tng ln/ gim xung a vo mch iu khin.

11.3.4 Thay i ch vn hnh

Trong trng hp thay i ch vn hnh, v tr ca servomotor khng thay it u ra khng thay i li in c gi hng s. Cc yu cu c bit trongvn hnh li in cch ly phi yu cu gi tr t tc c nh thay th cho mt gitr t tc tip tc.

11.3.5 Pht hin li in cch ly

Trong trng hp vn hnh song song, b iu tc turbine kim tra cc thng snu dy iu chnh tc c can thit. Chc nng ny m bo mt s pht hin anton v tin cy ca cc nhiu lon li in. Nu di tc c can thit, b iu tcchuyn sang ch t ng iu khin tc vi cc thng s ch cch ly, vgi tr t tc c t l 100% + bp/2 (bp = permanent speed droop). By ginhn vin vn hnh phi thay i gi tr t theo cc yu cu ca tnh hung hin tica li in.

rng ca di tc v bp c th c iu chnh bng chc nng u vo ccthng s.

11.3.6 Cc b gii hn

Gii hn lu lng:

Gii hn lu lng c th c iu chnh gii hn ti my pht tm thi, nhngthng thng c t 100%. Gii hn lu lng c hiu qu trong tt c cc ch iu khin, thm ch trong khi khi ng turbine.

m ln nht:


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m mi kim phun c th c gii hn ring bit bi gi tr ln nht c nh(iu chnh thng qua thng s u vo).

Lu lng nh nht:

Gii hn nh nht c th c hiu qu sau khi ng my ct (iu chnh thng quathng s u vo).

Gii hn cng sut:

Cng sut c pht ra ca mi my c th c gii hn, thm ch vi mt gi trt cao hn hoc thp hn tn s tc dng. Thng thng s gii hn c dng dicc khuyn co bo tr . Trung tm iu c th s dng vi cc gii hn my mc,nhng cc nhiu lon khng th loi tr nu ti c t cao hn.

Gii hn ca vng vn hnh:

tnh n gii hn qu ti ca my pht, gi tr ln nht ca m kim phunc tnh ton nh mt chc nng ca im vn hnh. Cho mc ch ny, lu lngln nht c lp trnh nh chc nng ca ct nc. im c lp bng c th c

thay i s dng thng s chc nng u vo. M un ny dp ngi dng chp nhnvng vn hnh ca my trong bt c trng hp no.

11.3.7 Mi quan h kim phun cn gt cho turbine pelton

Quan h ti m ca kimphun, cn gt c iu khin thng qua mi quan hc lp trnh. Gi tr c bn cho c tnh c nh ngha trong chng trnh b iutc, nhng cng c th hiu chnh thng s u vo.

11.4 CHC NNG M RNG CHNH CA B IUTC

11.4.1 Khi ng

Khi ng turbine c iu khin thng qua m khi ng ph thuc hai kimng u, iu ny gip my c th c ng b vi li nhanh nht c th mkhng cn n iu kin gii hn.

Thng hai gii hn tc iu chnh, lnh ng kch t v ngb l

c a ra.

11.4.2 Dng

Trong trng hp dng my bnh thng, kim phun c ng mt s iuchnh nh mc v v tr ng. Khi my ct m, kim phun ng tc thy lc

ln nht cho n khi ng hon ton.Cn gt i theo kim phun thngqua chng trnh c tuyn kim phun- cn gt.

Trong trng hp ny tt c cc kim l ng ng thi.

Sau khi t lu lng khng ti, mt tn hiu c a ra m my ct.


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11.4.3 Dng my s c

Trong trng hp dng my s c, kim phun v cn gt c ng tc lnnht.

11.4.4 Ng vo cc thng s/ch th cc thng s

Khng cn t hp chng trnh, chc nng ny cho php ch th v thay i ccthng s, phm vi, gi tr gii hn ... Chc nng ny hu ch v d dng cho vic thchin cc cngc bng tay ca cng vic bo dng cn thit trong qu trnh vn hnh

b iu tc.

Nu cn thit, tt c cc thng s c th c thay i bng cch s dng chngtrnh c cung cp cho ngi dng.

Cc thng s c th c thay i bng vn hnh tich.

11.4.5 To ra cc gi tr gii hn

Gi tr gii hn ca tc v m kim phun c yu cu bi h thngSCADA, c to ra bi b iu tc. Tt c cc gi tr gi hn c th c iu chnhthng qua u vo thng s. Gi tr gii hn m rng t bt tn hiu no c th cxut ra ngoi b iu tc nu c yu cu.

11.4.6 Gim st

Tt c cc tn hiu tng t a vo b iu tc l tn hiu 4 20 mA c gimst cho s c tn hiu. Tn hiu tc c kim tra nh mt chc nng ca v tr kim

phun. Nu kim phun m mt thi gian ri, tn hiu tc phi c. Bng cch ny,mt h hng ca cm bin tc cng c gim st. Xa hn na, s chnh lch gi

tr hin ti v gi tr t ca kim phun/cn gt l c gim st. Nh h hng vng lpiu khin m cng nh h hng trong thit b phn hi v tr l c pht hin rav mt tn hiu li c a ra.

Chc nng ca chng trnh b iu tc c gim st bi mt r le watchdog.

u ra tn hiu s c: B iu tc a ra mt tp hp cnh bo cng nh mt tphp bo ng. Sau b iu tc s a lnh dng t my thng qua h thng bo v.Chi tit cc mu tin cnh bo c th xem bng vn hnh ti ch.

11.4.7 iu khin kim phun trong qu trnh khi ng

Ban u tt c 6 kim phun u c s dng. Sau khi t tc iu chnh, 4 kimng li v ch hai kim l c s dng iu khin trong khi ha ng b. Sau khimy ct u cc ng, cc kim cn li c m nu c yu cu.

11.4.8 iu khin nhiu kim phun

M un iu khin a kim phun tnh ton vo mt khong thi gian, s lng tiu ca kim lm vic cho im vn hnh hin ti ti u hiu st ca turbine. Hnna, m un qun l cc iu kin thay i (khi no kim kch hot/thi kch hot) theo


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cch gi lu lng l hng s. iu khin a kim l mt iu khin ph ca ch iu khin hin ti v s ch c s dng trong vn hnh song song.

Th t ca kim s c kch hot/thi kch hot c th c nh ngha thngqua vic dng cc thng s u tin cho tng kim ring l.

11.5 CC S C CA B IU TC

Mc (1-1)


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Vng iu khin ca b iu tc1. iu khin theo tc :

2. iu khin theo cng sut:

3.

iu khin theo lu lng:

PID

nmax

nmin

Bkhuch

i

Kim

phun

Quan hkim phuncnhhng

Cnhhng

n t

nav

b

Pt

Pti

nmax

nmin(-)

PI

Bkhuch

i

Kim

phun

Quan hkim phuncnhhng

Cnhhng

Q

P

(-)

Bkhuch

i

Kim

phun

Quan hkim phun

cnhhng

Cnhhng

nmax

nmin

Q

t

Qt

phuc trinh dieu toc.pdf

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