SHS

Philippine Politics and

Governance

Quarter 1: Week 2 - Module 2

ii

Philippine Politics and Governance

Grade 11 Quarter 1: Week 2, Module 2

First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020

La Union Schools Division

Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without

written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Antonio Q. Vasadre Jr.

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS

Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

iii

Philippine Politics and Governance

Quarter 1: Week 2 – Module 2

1

The political Ideology is defined “as a set of opinions underpinned by doctrines,

values, and perceived moral truths that guide behavior towards a specific social

order” (Johnson & Roberto, 2018).

Political ideologies are powerful such that they shape the structure of a society,

institutions and the ways of doing things. These ideologies are comprised of beliefs

and value systems that give rise to political processes; they also constitute ideas

about change and its desired future.

In your previous lesson, you have learned the concept, relationship and

importance of politics, governance and government.

This learning material will provide you with information and activities that will

aid you to distinguish the different basic tenets of the major political ideologies.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:

Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-Ib-c-6)

Target

2

Activity 1: Let’s find it!

Direction: Find and circle 10 key words that are related to Political ideologies.

The words may be hidden in any directions.

I S A D F R E Y H L K I O F I O

L D U Y J H M N H L H H F A H F

I O E P P J M M S I L A I C O S

B A P O L I T I C S I P H I I J

E A S S L S I O P M H H C S Y G

R A A D A O D F G M S M I M N O

A V S S O N G I X M S I I V T V

L X Z S I O A Y E I B B X E R E

I X I D T A B R N S A D I R E R

S I K D I H S I C A A V U N A N

M O F C V R M R E H I O P M E M

P C O N S E R V A T I S M E W E

I S X O F D T T V T E S R N D N

U T R V E S X V W A E E M T S T

A S D A F G H J T Y U N M B V A

KEY WORDS

1. ANARCHISM 6. IDEOLOGIES

2. CONSERVATISM 7.LIBERALISM

3. FASCISM 8. MARXISM

4. FEMINISM 9. POLITICS

5. GOVERNMENT 10. SOCIALISM

For a more thorough understanding of the topic, you have to perform the

activities ahead. Enjoy the exercises.

Jumpstart

3

An ideology is more or less a coherent set of ideas that direct or organize a

specific political action. It consist of belief and value systems, a discussion of

existing power relationships, an exploration of how political change is achieved in

line with these power relations and an illustration of a desired future (Heywood

2013).

MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR KEY TENETS (Heywood 2013)

1. ANARCHISM

Political authority in all its form, and especially in the form of the state, is

both evil and unnecessary (anarchy literally means ‘without rule’).

The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is seen as a

nothing less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the

powerful, propertied, and privileged.

Anarchist prefers a stateless society. Individuals can best manage their own

affairs through voluntary agreement and cooperation.

2. CONSERVATISM

Tradition must be conserve. These traditions include established customs,

institutions, and ways of doing things that have endured through time.

The belief in pragmatism highlights the limits of human reason. As a belief,

pragmatism emphasizes that the action should be shaped by practical

circumstances and goals.

Human imperfection presents the pessimistic view of conservatives on the

individual. Accordingly, individuals are morally corrupt and are therefore the

sources of crime and disorder. Order could thus be achieved through a

strong state.

Conservatives believe that society is an organic whole and is a living entity,

more than being an artifact of human ingenuity. This belief is known as

organicism.

Conservatives also believe that social position and status are only natural.

With this, hierarchy is thought to be inevitable.

Authority must be exercised from above. Leadership is provided to guide and

support those who lack knowledge and education and those who have little

capacity to act for their own interest.

Conservatives look at property as significant because it is the individual’s

source of security and independence from the government.

Discover

4

3. FACISM

Ultranationalist ideology. As such, it subscribes to the idea of a supreme

race, whose members should enjoy the natural resources. It is by nature

exclusive as it excludes nonmembers of the race.

Manifested during Mussolini’s facist dictatorship in Italy and Hitler’s

dictatorship in Germany.

Common values upheld are struggle, leadership, power, heroism, and war.

The “new man” or a hero who is motivated by duty, honor, and self-sacrifice;

and gives unrelenting obedience to the supreme leader is a fascist ideal.

Fascists believe in a unified national community of strength through unity.

As such, individual identity is not as important as that of the social group or

community.

4. FEMINISM

A diverse but its unifying theme is the desire to enhance the social role of

women.

Society is characterized by sexual or gender equality.

The structure of male power must be overturned, hence the belief in gender

equality.

Its strands include liberal feminism, socialist feminism and radical

feminism.

5. LIBERALISM

Belief in individualism underscores the importance of the human individual

compared to any other group.

Liberty of the individual must be protected. An individual has freedom when

he or she is able to act as he or she pleases.

Reason can lead individuals to make wise judgments, which could solve

issues or differences.

Equality implies that individuals are born equal, at least in moral terms.

Equal rights and entitlements are at its core. It must be noted , however,

that liberals do not endorse social equality or equality of outcome,

Tolerance is willingness of individuals to allow others to think and behave in

ways they do not approve. It is a guarantee of individual liberty.

Authority and social relationships must also be based on agreement and

consent.

6. SOCIALISM

Belief in the community highlights the degree to which the individual is

connected with others. Identify is therefore a product of social interaction

more than innate qualities.

Brotherhood or fraternity speaks of a shared common humanity Socialist

thus prefer cooperation rather than competition and collectivity rather than

individualism.

5

Socialists look at society in terms of differences in the distribution of income or wealth. Social class is believed to be an important social cleavage, which

divides societies. The interests of the working class and the oppressed should be upheld. With this, eradicating economic and social inequalities is

deemed as the primary goal of socialism.

Common ownership is also central to socialist thought. Unlike private

property, common ownership is a means to harness material resources for

the common good.

Activity 1: The weight of thinking

Direction: Complete the chart below to compare and contrast the different major

political ideologies.

Political

Ideologies

Similarities Differences

1.Conservatism

and Liberalism

2. Fascism and

Socialism

3. Anarchism and

Feminism

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and strengthen

the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Explore

6

Assessment Rubric for a Comparison and Contrast

Category 5 4 3 2 1

Concept

Arrangement

Each

section of the chart

contains

four facts easily

identified

Each section

of the chart contains

three facts

easily identified

Each

section of the chart

contains

two facts that are

somewhat identified.

Each

section of the chart

contains

very few facts that

are not easily

identified

Each

section of the chart

contains

facts that are not

related at all.

Content

Reflects

factual

information that

corresponds with

appropriate section of

chart.

Most of the

information

is factual and

seemingly corresponds

with appropriate

section of

chart.

Reflects

some

factual informatio

n and attempts

to put it in correspond

ing section

of chart

Reflects

very little

factual informatio

n and attempts

to put it in the

appropriat

e section of chart.

Contains

non-factual

information that does

not correspond

to the appropriate

section of

chart.

Text

Easy to read,

legible. No misspellings

.

Most text is easy to read.

Fewer than four

misspellings.

Some text is easy to

read. There are five

misspelled words.

Text is not easy to

read. Excessive

misspellings more

than five

errors.

Not legible. Excessive

errors.

Presentation of output

Clean, neat

and well organized.

Fairly neat

and clean. Some

organization

A little bit

clean. Needs

some more organizatio

n.

Not well

organized. A little

cluttered.

Messy and

unorganized. Not well

put together.

7

Activity 2: KataQuote!

Directions: Read the statement carefully and briefly explain your understanding of

the quotation below.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Statements response

Category 4 3 2 1

Reasoning Fully logical

reasoning.

Logical

reasoning.

Reasoning has

some flaws or limitations.

Reasoning is

flawed or weak

Quality of support

Support is

strong, applicable and

effective.

Support is

adequate, although may

be somewhat vague or

tangential.

Support is

barely adequate or

perhaps insufficient.

Little or no

support for argument.

Presentation

Argument is

presented in strong, yet

approachable way.

Persuasive but not at all

offensive.

Argument is

presented in reasonable

way. May be lacking in

respect for other point of

view.

Argument

presented offensively or

shallowly.

Argument is

either highly offensive or

given little or no thought.

Writing

No syntax or

grammar errors detract

from writing.

Few syntax or

grammar errors.

Enough errors

that they detract from

the argument.

Unacceptable

number of errors that cause

distraction.

8

Activity 1: Hear Me Out!

Direction: Complete the table below by giving and explaining your ideas on how

characteristics of the different Political Ideologies become positive or negative to

every society at present.

POLITICAL

IDEOLOGIES

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

1. ANARCHISM

2.CONSERVATISM

3.FASCISM

4. FEMINISM

5. LIBERALISM

6. SOCIALISM

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Here is a more depth activity

that will help you understand the works and functions of social scientist and

applied social science practitioner.

Deepen

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Scoring Rubric

POINTS REQUIREMENTS

5 Provides insightful and detailed explanation/opinion that includes or

extend ideas from the text.

4 Provides some explanation/opinion that includes or extend ideas

from the text.

3 Uses text incorrectly with limited success and includes an

inconsistent or confusing explanation.

2 Demonstrates minimal understanding of the task and provides an

unclear or no use of text for support.

1 Response Is completely irrelevant or off – topic

Activity 1. Read, Analyze and Select!

Directions: Read and understand each item carefully then write the letter of the

best answer in the space before the number.

___1. Which one refers to a movement that advocates or demands for women the same rights granted men, such as equal economic and political status?

A. Anarchism C. Feminism B. Conservatism D. Liberalism

___2. Which among the following is a basic element of Conservatism? A. Equality C. Impatience

B. Hierarchy D. Individualism ___3. Which one refers to a theory or system of social organization that advocates

the vesting of ownership and control of the means of production and

distribution of capital, land in the community as a whole and everybody is equal?

A. Anarchism C. Liberalism B. Conservatism D. Socialism

___4. This political ideology embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding that a genuine democracy is an absolute dictatorship as the leader

monopolizes ideological wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true

interests of the people. A. Anarchism C. Fascism

B. Conservatism D. Socialism ___5. Which of the following characteristics best represents Conservatism?

Gauge

10

A. Focused on conserving something

B. Ensuring the safety and fairness of everyone C. A belief in the value of social and political change to achieve progress

D. A way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator ___6. Anarchism is said to be the most chaotic of all political ideologies. Why is

regarded as such? A. Because the government was controlled by dictator

B. Because people do not care for each other thus ruining the society C. If there is no government or state intervention, we are bound of war and

conflicts

D. None of the above ___7. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about Conservatism?

A. It’s suspicion of change B. It fears government power

C. It supports the society’s traditional values D. It supports the traditional institutions of its society

___8. Which of the following slogans best captures the Fascism or Fascist ideology?

A “From each according to his ability; to each according to his need” B. “Over himself, over his own mind and body, the individual is sovereign”

C. “Don’t limit a child to your own learning, for he was born in another time” D. “Nothing outside the state; nothing against the state; everything for the

state” ___9. Adonis believes that it is the duty of the government to ensure that every

person’s right to live, right to own property and right to enjoy freedom within the bounds of the law. This makes Adonis an advocate of which ideology?

A. Anarchism C. Feminism

B. Conservatism D. Liberalism ___10. Which of the following statement is most likely associate with Socialist

political ideology? A. Military intervention is more effective than diplomacy

B. A free-market economy is the solution for economic struggles C. Healthcare will be provided to all citizens by the government regardless of

their income D. Public education is no longer be operated by the government but by

private education companies

Activity 2. Make It Essay!

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and concisely.

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having or promoting a certain

ideology?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which among the different Political Ideologies best fit in the Philippines and

Why?

11

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Short Answer Grading Rubric

Grading Factors:

1. Completeness

Does your response directly answer each question?

Excellent

5

Very good

4

Good

3

Poor

2

Needs improvement

1

2. Knowledge

Does your response clearly show you have read and understood the lesson

content by correctly defining key terms and summarizing concepts?

Excellent

5

Very good

4

Good

3

Poor

2

Needs improvement

1

3. Analysis

Does your response provide analysis to the larger concepts of the lesson?

Excellent

5

Very good

4

Good

3

Poor

2

Needs improvement

1

4. Writing Skills

Do you write clearly, in complete sentences, with minimal errors in grammar

and spelling?

Excellent

5

Very good

4

Good

3

Poor

2

Needs improvement

1

12

1C

2A

3D

4C

5A

6C

7B

8D

9D

10C

Activity 1

Gauge

Jumpstart

Answer Key

13

References

Printed Materials: Pawilen, R.A. & Pawilen, Reidan M. (2017). Philippine Politics and Governance.

Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Villanueva, Prince Aian G. (2017 ). Philippine Politics and Governance. Makati City,

Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc.

Heywood, A. (2017). Political Ideologies an Introduction. In Political Ideologies an

Introduction (6th ed.).London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Heywood, A.( 2013) Political Ideologies an introduction. New York, USA: Palgrave

Macmillan

Website:

https://www.macmillanihe.com/companion/Heywood-Political-

Ideologies/resources/Web-links/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies#:~:text=In%20social%20s

tudies%2C%20a%20political,for%20a%20certain%20social%20order.

https://www.hillsroad.ac.uk/docs/default-source/summer-word-2020/politics-

ideologies.pdf?sfvrsn=2