phan i - khai quat ve bao ho lao dong

8/6/2019 Phan I - Khai Quat Ve Bao Ho Lao Dong

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PHN I

KHI QUT V BO H LAO NG


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MC LC

I. VN CHUNG CA BO H LAO NG .................................................................3

1. Mc ch, ngha. ..........................................................................................................3

2. Tnh cht.........................................................................................................................3

3.Ni dung. ........................................................................................................................4

II. CC KHI NIM. ............................................................................................................7

1. Bo h lao ng. .............................................................................................................7

2. iu kin lao ng. .........................................................................................................8

3. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi. ......................................................................................9

4. Tai nn lao ng. ............................................................................................................9

5. Bnh ngh nghip. ..........................................................................................................9

III. H THNG VN BN PHP LUT V BO H LAO NG ................................. 10

1. Quyt nh s: 40/2005/Q-TTg .................................................................................. 10

2. Quyt nh s: 233/2006/Q-TTg ................................................................................ 11

3. Ngh nh 06/CP ........................................................................................................... 12

IV. TAI NN LAO NG V BNH NGH NGHIP. ..................................................... 13

1.Nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng bnh ngh nghip. ................................................ 13

2. Cc bin php phng trnh. ........................................................................................... 16

V. TRANG B BO H LAO NG C NHN ............................................................... 23

1. Bo v thnh gic. ......................................................................................................... 23

2. Bo v ng h hp. ................................................................................................... 24

3. Bo v u. ................................................................................................................... 25

4. Bo v mt.................................................................................................................... 26

5. Bo v tay. .................................................................................................................... 26

6. Bo v chn. ................................................................................................................. 277. Qun o bo h. ............................................................................................................ 27


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PHN IKHI QUT V BO H LAO NG

I. VN CHUNG CABO H LAO NG

1. Mc ch, ngha.Mc ch ca cng tc bo h lao ng l thng qua cc bin php v khoa hc k

thut, t chc, hnh chnh, kinh t x hi loi tr cc yu t nguy him v c hi

pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut; to nn mt iu kin lao ng tin nghi, thun li

v ngy cng c ci thin tt hn ngn nga tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip.

Nhm bo m an ton, bo v sc kho v tnh mng ngi lao ng, gp phn bo

v v pht trin lc lng sn xut, tng nng sut lao ng.Nh vy c th ni rng Bo h lao ng l mt chnh sch kinh t x hi ln ca

ng v Nh nc, l mt nhim v quan trng trong chin lc pht trin kinh t x

hi ca nc ta. c quan tm v pht trin trc ht l v yu cu khch quan ca

sn xut v v sc kho, hnh phc ca ngi lao ng ( yu t nng ng nht ca lc

lng sn xut) v vy mang ngha chnh tr, x hi v nhn o su sc.

2. Tnh cht. cng tc bo h lao ng t c mc tiu nh ra nh trn th cng tc

bo h lao ng nht thit phi mang y ba tnh cht:

.Tnh cht khoa hc k thut

.Tnh cht php lut

.Tnh cht qun chng

Ba tnh cht ny c mi quan h mt thit, hu c v h tr ln nhau.

- Tnh cht khoa hc k thut: mi cng vic tin hnh tt cng vic c linquan n cng tc bo h lao ng u phi s dng cc kin thc v phng php

php khoa hc nghin cu a ra cc bin php x l, loi tr cc yu t nguy

him, c hi, phng chng tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip.

Cc cng tc nghin cu v iu kin lao ng, cc yu t nguy him, c hi tn

ti trong qu trnh lao ng u do cc nh khoa hc chuyn ngnh v cc lnh vc

nghin cu v thc hin.


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- Tnh cht php lut: c th hin cc lt l, ch chnh sch, tiu chun,

ni quy, quy nh v cng tc bo h lao ng th hin cc gii php v khoa hc, cc

bin php v t chc v x hi c lin quan n cng tc bo h lao ng.

Mc ch buc mi cp qun l, mi t chc v c nhn phi nghim chnh thc

hin. V ng thi cng phi thng xuyn tin hnh kim tra, thanh tra thng xuyn

c cc bin php khen thng, v x pht nghim minh v kp thi th cng tc bo

h lao ng mi c tn trng v c hiu qa.

- Tnh qun chng: cng tc bo h lao ng mang tnh qun chng rng ri bi v

tt c mi ngi k c ngi s dng lao ng cho n ngi lao ngu l cc i

tng cn c bo v, ng thi h cng phi tham gia vo vic t bo v chnh bn

thn h v ngi khc.

3. Ni dung. thc hin tt ba tnh cht nh nu trn th cng tc bo h lao ng phi

mang nhng ni dung ch yu sau:

-Nidung v khoa hc k thut

- Ni dung v xy dng v thc hin cc lut php, ch chnh sch, tiu

chun, quy nh v cng tc bo h lao ng v t chc qun l nh nc v bo h

lao ng.

-Nhng ni dung v gio dc, hun luyn v bo h ao ng vvn ng qun

chng lm tt cng tc bo h lao ng.

3.1. Ni dung khoa hc k thut.

Khoa hc bo h lao ng l mt lnh vc rt tng hp v lin ngnh, c hnh

thnh v pht trin trn c s kt hp s dng cc thnh tu khoa hc ca nhiu ngnh

khoa hc khc nhau t khoa hc t nhin, khoa hc chuyn ngnh (nh khoa hc y

hc lao ng, khoa hc c cht hc, k thut thng gi iu ho khng kh, k thut

nh sng, vt l kin trc, m hc, k thut in, c ng dng, ch to my, t ng

ho...) n cc ngnh khoa hc v kinh t v x hi hc.

i tng nghin cu ca khoa hc bo h lao ng l rt rng, song cng rt c

th n gn lin vi iu kin kh hu, c im thin nhin, gn kin vi iu kin lm

vic ca sn xut tu thuc v tnh hnhpht trin kinh t ca mi nc v c im

ca mi ngnh.


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Ni dung chnh ca khoa hc bo h lao ng bao gm cc vn v khoa hc t

nhin, khoa hc y hc lao ng, k thut v sinh, k thut an ton, khoa hc v

phng tin bo v c nhn, khoa hc v phng chy cha chy

Khoa hc y hc lao ng

Khoa hc y hc lao ng l lnh vc khoa hc nghin cu v tc hi ca cc yu t

nguy him v c hi trong qu trnh sn xut i vi ngi lao ng (thng qua s

bin i v chc nng sinh l, sinh ho, tm sinh l ca ngi lao ng ...).

Khoa hc y hc c trch nhim ra cc tiu chun gii hn cho php ca cc yu

t c hi; nghin cu ra cc ch lao ng - ngh ngi hp l; xut cc bin

php sinh y hc, cc phng hng cho cc gii php ci thin iu kin lao ng

v nh gi hiu qu cc gii php thng qua vic nh gi tc hi ca cc yu t

nguy him n sc kho ngi lao ng; cui cng so snh kt qu trc v sau khi p

dng gii php.

Khoa hc y hc lao ng c nhim v theo di, qun l tnh hnh sc kho ngi

lao ng, ra cc tiu chun v thc vic khm tuyn, khm sc kho nh k, pht

hin sm v a ra cc bin php phng nga v iu tr bnh ngh nghip.

Khoa hc v k thut v sinh.

Khoa hc v sinh bao gm rt nhiu b mn nh thng gi, chng nng, iu hokhng kh, chng bi, hi kh c, chng n, rung ng, chng nh hng ca in t

trng, chng phng x, k thut chiu sng... y l nhng mn khoa hc chuyn

ngnh i su vo nghin cu ng dng cc gii php khoa hc k thut loi tr cc

yu t c hi trong sn xut, nhm ci thin mi trng lao ng c li cho ngi lao

ng d chu, thoi mi trong lm vic.

K thut an ton

L mt h thng cc bin php v phng tin v t chc v k thutnhm bo v

ngi lao ng khi tc ng ca cc yu t nguy him c th gy tai nn lao ng,

bnh ngh nghip.

Khoa hc v k thut an ton c nhim v i su vo nghin cu nh gi tnh

trng an ton ca cc thit b v qu trnh sn xut; ra cc yu cu an ton cho

ngi thit k, thi cng cc thit b, thit k v ch to cc thit b, c cu an ton,

thit b che chn bo v con ngi khi lm vic vi my mc, thit b nguy him.


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Khoa hc k thut an ton tin hnh xy dng cc tiu chun, quy nh, ch dn,

ni quy an ton cho tng thit b v quy trnh cng ngh buc ngi lao ng tun

theo trong khi lm vic.

Ngy nay khoa hc k thut pht trin cao cho nn phng chm ca cng tc

bo h lao ng l chuyn t k thut an ton sang an ton k thut cho ph hp vi

thc trng cc trang thit b k thut hin i.

Khoa hc v cc phng tin bo v.

Mt mn khoa hc ra i vi nhim v nghin cu thit k, ch to ra nhng

phng tin tp th hoc c nhn ngi lao ng s dng trong sn xut nhm

chng li nh hng xu ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong sn xut, khi m

cc bin php v k thut v sinh - k thut an ton vn khng th gii quyt trit

cc yu t nguy him - c hi tc ng n sc kho ngi lao ng.

Cc trang thit b bo v ngy nay cng rt a dng nh m, qun o, giy, ng ,

knh gng tay, khu trang...

Mt s khoa hc khc.

Mt s khoa hc khc cng gp phn rt ln vo trong lnh vc bo h lao ng

nh khoa hc v Ergonomic i su vo nghin cu mi quan h gia ngi - my mc

- mi trng, i su nghin cu vo s tc ng ca cc yu t khng tin nghi camy mc v mi trng tc ng ln ngi lao ng.

Ngoi ra cn c thm cc mn khoa hc khc nh iu khin hc, in t, tin

hc... i su vo nghin cu ci thin iu kin lao ng, nghin cu thit k ra nhng

ngi my thay th tng phn hoc thay th ton b cc cng vic c cha nhiu cc

yu t nguy him v c hi ln.

3.2 Ni dung xy dng, thc hin cc vn bn lut php v tng cng qun l

nh nc v bo h lao ng.

Cc vn bn lut php ch chnh sch, ni quy, quy nh, tiu chun v cng tc

bo h lao ng l s th hin ng li, quan im, chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc

v cng tc bo h lao ng. Cc vn bn ny c xy dng iu chnh cc mi

quan h, xc nh trch nhim ca nh nc, cc t chc kinh t - x hi, ngi qun

l v ngi s dng lao ng cng nh ngi lao ng trong lnh vc bo h lao

ng.


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Nh nc ch o vic nghin cu xy dng v cho ban hnh cc vn bo lut

php, ch chnh sch, hng dn quy nh v Bo h lao ng

Vi s tham gia ca cc ngnh, cc cp v Tng Lin on lao ng Vit Nam,

Nh nc ch o vic xy dng v ph duyt chng trnh quc gia v Bo h lao

ng v a vo k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi v ngn sch ca t nc.

Thng qua cc h thng thanh tra v An ton lao ng, V sinh lao ng, nh nc

tin hnh cc hot ng thanh tra, xem xt khen thng v x l cc vi phm v Bo

h lao ng

3.3 Ni dung gio dc hun luyn v t chc vn ng qun chng lm tt cng

tc Bo h lao ng.

Mun cho cc bin php khoa hc k thut cng nh cc lut l, ch , quy nh

v Bo h lao ng c thc hin mt cch c hiu qu, th quan trng l phi lm

cho mi ngi t cn b qun l, ngi s dng lao ng n ng o ngi lao

ng nhn thc y , thy r quyn hn v ngha v ca mnh t gic thc hin.

Ni dung ch yu bao gm cc hot ng ch yu sau y:

- Phi bng mi hnh thc, tuyn truyn gio dc cho ngi lao ng nhn thc

c s cn thit phi m bo an ton trong sn xut, phi ph bin v hun luyn

cho h c nhng hiu bit v An ton lao ng -V sinh lao ng h t bo vmnh...

- Gio dc thc lao ng c k lut, bo m cc nguyntc an ton, thc hin

nghim chnh cc tiu chun, quy nh, ni quy an ton, chng lm ba, lm u.

Chng ta cn dy ln phong tro qun chng si ni thi ua lm tt cng tc bo h

lao ng nh nu cao cc khu hiu nh bo m an ton v v sinh lao ng ,

chin dch khng c tai nn lao ng an ton sn xut, sn xut phi an ton,

an ton l bn tai nn l th, an ton l trn ht hoc an ton l hng u

- T chc tt cc hot ng t kim tra Bo h lao ng ti ch lm vic, ti tn g

c s sn xut, n v cng tc. Tng c s phi xy dng v cng c mng li an

ton v sinh vin, a mng li ny vo hot ng mt cch thit thc c hiu qu.

II. CC KHI NIM.

1. Bo h lao ng.

Bo h lao ng (ch yu l cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng) l cc hot ng

ng b trn cc mt lut php, t chc hnh chnh kinh t, x hi, khoa hc k thut


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nhm ci thin iu kin lao ng, ngn nga tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip,

bo m an ton, bo v sc kho cho ngi lao ng.

Trong sn xut cng tc bo h lao ng gn lin vi mi hot ng sn xut v

cng tc ca con ngi. Cng tc bo h lao ng pht trin ph thuc vo trnh

nn kinh t, khoa hc, cng ngh v yu cu pht trin ca mi nc.

Cng tc bo h lao ngnhm bo v ngi lao ng phng trnh cc tai nn lao

ng v gim thiu bnh ngh nghip trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut. lm c

vic cng tc bo h lao ng tham gia tch cc vo vic ci thin iu kin lao

ng cho ngi lao ng trong qutrnh lao ng sn xut.

2. iu kin lao ng.

iu kin lao ng l tng th cc yu t v mt t nhin, x hi, kinh t, k thutc biu hin thng qua cc cng c, phng tin lao ng, i tng lao ng, qu

trnh cng ngh, mi trng lao ng v s sp xp, b tr chng trong khng gian v

thi gian, s tc ng qua li gia chng trong mi quan h vi ngi lao ng ti ch

lm vic, to nn mt iu kin nht nh cho con ngi trong qu trnh lao ng.

Trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut th ngoi trnh tay ngh chuyn mn th iu

kin lao ng, mi trng lao ng ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh sn

xut. m bo an ton, sc kho cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lao ng sn

xut th cng tc bo h lao ng phi isu nghin cu v tc ng ca iu kin lao

ng ti ngi lao ng.

C th l chng ta phi nghin cu v cc cng c lao ng, phng tin lao ng,

quy trnh sn xut. Nhng nh hng ca cc yu t ny i vi ngi lao ng trong

qu trnh sn xutnh th no? Chng ta phi nghin cu v s tc ng ca iu kin

mi trng nh nhit , m, nh sng, thng gi, nng hi kh c, nng

bi...ti ngi lao ng nh th no.

c bit l tnh trng tm sinh l ca ngi lao ng trong sut qu trnh lao ng

cng nh hng rt ln n thnh qu lao ng, v l nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn lao

ng, bnh ngh nghip cng nh thit hi sc kho ngi lao ng.

Cng tc bo h lao ng c nhim v tm hiu, nghin cu v cc yu t ca iu

kin laong cng nh s tc ng ca chng i vi ngi lao ng t ra

cc bin php ci thin cho tt hn nhm m bo an ton cho ngi lao ng trongqu trnh lao ng sn xut.


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3. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi.Trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut lun tn ti cc yu t nguy him v c hi nh

hng ti ngi lao ng. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi tn ti mt s dng

nh sau:

- Cc yu t vt l nh nhit , m, cc bc x c hi, bi, ting n, rungng....

- Cc yu t sinh vt, vi sinh vt nh cc loi vi khun, siu vi khun, cc loi k

sinh trng...

- Cc yu t bt li v t th lao ng nh khng tin nghi do khng gian nh

xng cht hp, mt v sinh, khng thun tin v tm sinh l...

- Cc yu t nguy him nh in, lm vic trn cao

4. Tai nn lao ng.Tai nn lao ng l tai nn xy ra trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut, cng tc do

kt qu ca s tc ng t ngt t bn ngoi, lm cht ngi hoc lm tn thng

hoc lm ph hu chc nng hot ng bnh thng ca mt b phn no ca c

th, nhim c cp tnh cng c coi l tai nn lao ng.

Theo quy nh ca Nh nc cn c vo s ngy ngh iu tr thng tch th tai

nn lao ng c phn ra thnh cc loi nh sau:

Tai nn lao ng cht ngi

Tai nn lao ngnng

Tai nn lao ng nh

5. Bnh ngh nghip.Bnh nhg nghip l hin trng bnh l mang tnh cht c trng ngh nghip lin

quan n ngh nghip do qu trnh tip xc thng xuyn v ko di ca iu kin laong xu.

Cc nh khoa hc cho rng cng nhn b bnh ngh nghip cn c hng ch

n b v vt cht c th b p phn no sc kho b thit hi, gip h khi phc

li sc kho hoc bo m cho h c c phn thu nhp m do b bnh ngh nghip

m h mt i sc lao ng nn mt i phn thu nhp . Cho nn ch n b v

bnh ngh nghip ra i.

Hin nay T chc lao ng quc t xp thnh 29 nhm bnh khc nhau bao

gm nhiu loi bnh ngh nghip khc nhau.


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Vit Nam chng ta nh nc cng nhn 25bnh ngh nghip c Nh nc

bo him nh sau:

Bnh bi phi so Silic

Bnh bi phi Aming

Bnh bi phi bng

Bnh vim ph qun mn tnh

Bnh nhim cc tia phng x v tia X

Bnh ic do ting n

Bnh rung chuyn

Bnh xm da

Bnh lot da, lot vch ngn mi, vim

da, chm tip xc.

Bnh lao

Bnh vim gan do vi rt

Bnh hen ph qun

Bnh nhim c Ch v cc hp cht Ch

Bnh nhim c Benzen v cc ng ng

Bnh nhim c Thu ngn v hp cht

Bnh nhim c Mangan v cc hp cht

Bnh nhim c TNT

Bnh nhim c Asen v cc hp cht

Bnh nhim c Nicotin

Bnh nhim c ho cht tr su

Bnh do leptospira

Bnh gim p

Bnh nt du

Bnh nhim c CO

Bnh vim lot da, mng v xung quanh mng

III. H THNG VN BN PHP LUT V BO H LAO NG

T chc lao ng quc t (ILO) coi vic ci thin iu kin lao ng, m bo

an ton - v sinh lao ng l ni dung hot ng chnh v a ra nhiu cng c,

khuyn ngh cp n vn ny (c th nht l cng c 155 nm 1981).

Vit nam, cng tc bo h lao ng c quan tm k t khi thnh lp nc

n nay, ng v Nh nc ta ban hnh nhiuvn bn lut,ngh nh, thng t, ch

th, ngh quyt ch o cng tc BHL nh :

.B lut lao ng

.Ngh nh 06/CP ca Chnh ph

.Thng t lin tch s 14/1998/TTLT do Lin B Lao ng thng binh v X hi,

B Y t v Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam

.V nhiu vn bn lut, ngh nh, thng t khc c lin quan hng dn v vic

thc hin cng tc bo h lao ngnh :

1. Quyt nh s: 40/2005/Q-TTg Quyt nh ca Th tng v vic thnh lpHi ng Quc gia v bo h lao ng(ban hnh ngy 28/2/2005) bao gm 8 iu,


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quy nh c cu t chc, trch nhim v quyn hn ca Hi ng quc gia v Bo hlao ng :

iu 1. Thnh lp Hi ng Quc gia v bo h lao ng t vn cho Th

tng Chnh ph v ch trng, phng hng, c ch, chnh sch v t chc phi

hp hot ng ca cc B, ngnh v cng tc bo h lao ng.iu 2. Hi ng Quc gia v bo h lao ng c nhim v t vn, gip Th

tng Chnh ph trong cclnh vc sau:

1. Xc nh phng hng, c ch, chnh sch lin quan n lnh vc bo h lao

ng.

2. Nhng bin php ch o, iu hnh thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch v

Chng trnh quc gia v bo h lao ng.

3. Lm u mi phi hp hot ng gia cc B, ngnh, t chc on th vcng tc bo h lao ng, bo m an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v ci thin

iu kin lao ng.

2. Quyt nh s: 233/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic: Phduyt Chng trnh Quc gia v bo h laong, an ton lao ng, v sinh laong n nm 2010 (ban hnh ngy 18/10/2006). Trong c mt s ni dungchnh nh sau :

1. Mc tiu tng qut:Chm lo ci thin iu kin lm vic, gim nhim mi trng lao ng; ngn

chn tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip, chm sc sc kho ngi lao ng; nng

cao nhn thc v s tun th php lut v bo h lao ng, bo m an ton tnh mng

cho ngi lao ng, ti sn ca Nh nc, ti sn ca doanh nghip, ca t chc, gp

phn vo s pht trin bn vngca quc gia.

2. Mc tiu c th n nm 2010:

- Gim s v tai nn lao ng nghim trng cht ngi; trung bnh hng nm gim 5%

tn sut tai nn lao ng trong cc ngnh, lnh vc c nguy c cao v tai nn lao ng

(khai khong, xy dng, s dng in);

- Hng nm, gim 10% s ngi lao ng mc mi bnh ngh nghip; bo m trn

80% ngi lao ng lm vic ti cc c s c nguy c b cc bnh ngh nghip c

khm pht hin bnh ngh nghip;

- Bo m 100% ngi lao ng xc nhn b tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip

c iu tr, chm sc sc kho v phc hi chc nng;


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- Trn 80% ngi lao ng lm cc ngh, cng vic c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton

- v sinh lao ng v cc cn b lm cng tc an ton - v sinh lao ng c hun

luyn v an ton - v sinh lao ng;

- Bo m 100% s v tai nn lao ng cht ngi v tai nn lao ng nng c iu

tra, x l.

3. Ngh nh 06/CP ban hnh ngy 20/1/1995 Quy nh chi tit mt s iu ca Blut lao ng v An ton lao ng v sinh laong trong chng IV nu r:Quyn v ngha v ca ngi s dng lao ng, ngi lao ng

iu 13: Ngi s dng lao ng c ngha v:

1. Hng nm, khi xy dng k hoch sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip phi

lp k hoch, bin php an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v ci thin iu kin lao

ng;

2. Trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn v thc hin cc ch khc v an

ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng i vi ngi lao ng theo quy nh ca Nh nc;

3. C ngi gim st vic thc hin cc quy nh, ni quy, bin php an ton lao

ng , v sinh lao ng trong doanh nghip; phi hp vi cng on c s xy dng

v duy tr s hot ng ca mng li an ton v v sinh vin;

4. Xy dng ni quy, quy trnh an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng ph hp vi tng loi my, thit b, vt t k c khi i mi cng ngh, my, thit b, vt t v ni

lm vic theo tiu chun quy nh ca Nh nc.

5. T chc hun luyn, hng dn cc tiu chun, quy nh, bin php an ton, v

sinh lao ng i vi ngi lao ng;

6. T chc khm sc kho nh k cho ngi lao ng theo tiu chun, ch quy

nh;

7. Chp hnh nghim chnh quy nh khai bo, iu tra tai nn lao ng, bnh

ngh nghip v nh k 6 thng, hng nm bo co kt qu tnh hnh thc hin an ton

lao ng, v sinh lao ng, ci thin iu kin lao ng vi S Lao ng - Thng

binh v X hi ni doanh nghip hot ng.

iu 14:Ngi s dng lao ng c quyn:

1. Buc ngi lao ng phi tun th cc quy nh, ni quy, bin php an ton lao

ng, v sinh lao ng;


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2. Khen thng ngi chp hnh tt v k lut ngi vi phm trong vic thc hin

an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;

3. Khiu ni vi c quan Nh nc c thm quyn v quyt nh ca Thanh tra

vin lao ng v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng nhng vn phi nghim chnh

chp hnh quyt nh .

iu 15:Ngi lao ng c ngha v:

1. Chp hnh cc quy nh, ni quy v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng c lin

quan n cng vic, nhim v c giao;

2. Phi s dng v bo qun cc phng tin bo v c nhn c trang cp,

cc thit b an ton, v sinh ni lm vic, nu lm mt hoc h hng th phi bi

thng;

3. Phi bo co kp thi vi ngi c trch nhim khi pht hin nguy c gy tai

nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip, gy c hi hoc s c nguy him, tham gia cp cu

v khc phc hu qu tai nn lao ng khi c lnh ca ngi s dng lao ng.

iu 16:Ngi lao ng c quyn:

1. Yu cu ngi s dng lao ng bo m iu kin lm vic an ton, v sinh,

ci thin iu kin lao ng, trang cp y phng tin bo v c nhn, hun luyn,

thc hin bin php an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;2. T chi lm cng vic hoc ri b ni lm vic khi thy r c nguy c xy ra tai

nn lao ng, e do nghim trng tnh mng sc kho ca mnh v phi bo ngay vi

ngi ph trch trc tip; t chi tr li lm vic ni ni trn nu nhng nguy c

cha c khc phc;

3. Khiu ni hoc t co vi c quan Nh nc c thm quyn khi ngi s dng

lao ng vi phm quy nh ca Nh nc hoc khng thc hin ng cc giao kt v

an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng trong hp ng lao ng, tho c lao ng.

IV. TAI NN LAO NG V BNH NGH NGHIP.

1. Nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng bnh ngh nghip.Tai nn lao ng v bnh nghip thng xy ra trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut

do s tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi i vi c

th con ngi. Do vy nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip ch yu

do cc nguyn nhn chnh sau y:

-Nguyn nhn do k thut


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-Nguyn nhn do con ngi

-Nguyn nhn do mi trng lao ng

1.1. Nguyn nhn v k thut.

y l mt nguyn nhn c hu lun tn ti trong mi iu kin lao ng, bi

l tt c cc my mc thit b d hin i n u th vn cn tn ti cc yu t nguy

him, cc vng nguy him xung quanh v c th xut hin bt k lc no, tc hi ca

cc yu t ny cng khng th o c:

- Kch thc kt cu my mc thit b khng ph hp vi kch thc nhntrc hc ca

ngi Vit nam.

- Cc b phn chi tit ca my mc thit b bn c l khng m bo cho nn trong

qu trnh vn hnh thng xy ra cc hin tng h hng, vng bn...

- Bn thn cc thit b my mc thiu cc thit b che chn, c cu an ton...

- Cc thit b thiu cc thit b phng nga qu ti nh phanh hm, kho lin ng,

thit b khng ch hnh trnh, van an ton...

- Cc my mc thit b khi vn hnh do cng ngh c khng m bo v cc tiu

chun v sinh hoc l trong qu trnh vnhnh sinh ra cc yu t gy mt v sinh nh

bi nhiu, ting n ln...

- Cc my mc thiu cc thit b h tr c gii ho, t ng ho trong nhng cng vicnng nhc, c hi v nguy him nh vn chuyn vt liu nng ln cao, cp d vt liu

v x l cc l luyn, ni hi, my nghin...

- Trong qu trnh vn hnh khng thc hin nghim tc cc ni quy, quy nh v an

ton, khng kim tra cc thng s an ton ca my mc trc khi vn hnh nh th ti

i vi cc ba my kh nn khi lm vic, cc thit b nh cn cu, cu trc, pa lng...

- Trang b v s dng cc trang thit b bo v c nhn khng m bo ng theo quy

chun hoc khng thch hp v kch thc, cht lng v chng loi.

1.2. Nguyn nhn do con ngi.

Nguyn nhn do ngi s dng lao ng.

- Khng t chc b my qun l, n c vic thc hin cc cng tc v an

ton cng nh cng tc kim tra v vic thc hin cc ni quy an ton.

-Ngi s dng lao ng khng quan tm n cng tc an ton v v sinh lao

ng nh khng c cc ni quy,quy nh v an ton v v sinh lao ng cho ngilao ng.


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-Ngi s dng lao ng khng tun th theo cc quy nh ca nh nc v an

ton v v sinh lao ng i vi cc my mc thit b khi a vo s dng.

-Ngi s dng lao ng phn cng lao ng khng hp l, khng hun luyn

an ton v v sinh lao ng cho ngi lao ng.

-Ngi s dng lao ng khng trang cp thit b bo v c nhn cho ngi lao

ng khi lm vic.

- Khng kin quyt x l i vi cc trng hp vi phm cc ni quy v an

ton v v sinh lao ng cng nh c cc bin php khen thng kp thi cho nhng

ngi c thnh tch trong cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng.

- Vic t chc hun luyn cng tc an ton v sinh lao ng cho ngi lao ng

khng t yu cu, khng theo nhk, khng kp thi, khng c cc bin khuyn co

v an ton, mt an ton nhng ni c nhiu cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong qu

trnh sn xut...

Nguyn nhn do ngi lao ng.

-Ngi lao ng khng chp hnh cc quy nh v an ton v v sinh lao ng

do ngi s dng lao ng ra.

- Khng mang ng v cc trang thit b bo v c nhn c trang cp khi

lm vic.- Khi pht hin thy c cc nguy c, cc nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng

khng bo co cho cc cp lnh o kp thi x l.

Nguyn nhn do mi trng lao ng.

- Trong qu trnh tin hnh cng vic vi phm cc yu cu v v sinh cng

nghip nh vic b tr cc ngun pht sinh hi kh c nhng ni u hng gi,

u hnh trnh ca quy trnh cng ngh, khng tin hnh kh c, lc bi trong nhng

mi trng c pht sinh ra nhiu yu t bi, hi kh c hoc trc khi thi ra mi

trng...

- Mi trng lao ng khng m bo v sinh nh thng gi, hi kh c, nh

sng, nhit vt qu cc tiu chun cho php hoc di tiu chun cho php, c

cha nhiu cc bc x gy nh hng ti sc kho, khng m bo an ton cho ngi

lao ng khi lm vic

- Mi trng t nhin xung quanh ni lm vic khng m bo v sinh nh qucht tri.


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- Tnh hnh chiu sng khng m bo sng cho ngi lao ng lm vic

hoc nh sng qu chi, phn b khng u khi lm vic gy chi lo hoc qu ti gy

kh khn cho ngi lao ng khi lm vic...

- Cng ca yu t ting n, mc rung ng rt cao vt qa tiu chun

cho php

- T chc lm vic khng hp l nh vic b tr cc my mc thit b khng

theo cc tiu chun v sinh cng nghip cng nh an ton, cc my mc khi vn hnh

th lun tn ti cc vng nguy him tc ng n c h thng v con ngi hoc l s

c xy ra trn mt my th nh hng n c dy truyn..

- Vic xy dng cc nh xng khng theo ng cc tiu chun v sinh nh

khng gian nh xng cht hp, t th lao ng khng thoi mi g b...

- Vic b tr mt bng sn xut nh cc ng i li, cc li thot him khi cn

thit, khong cc ca ng i khng gy ra cht hp trong qu trnh vn chuyn

cng nh vic b tr cc ng vn chuyn khng m bo nh g gh, giao ct nhau

phc tp...

- Vic bo qun cc thnh phm trong cc nh xng khng theo dng cc quy

tc v an ton nh vic bi tr sp xp chng cho nhau, xp chng qu cao, ln ln

cc cht c th kt hp vi nhau to ra cc hp cht c nguy c gy chy n cao...- Cc bin php v sinh cng nghip ti cc my mc, thit b, nh xng

khng ng quy nh, v sinh mi trng khng m bo.

- Cc bin php t chc v sinh c nhn cho ngi lao ng nh khng c nh

v sinh hoc khng nh v sinh cho nhng cng nhn n.

2. Cc bin php phng trnh.

2.1. Cc bin php v t chc.

- Vic t chc phn cng lao ng phi r rng v ph hp vi tng cng vic

v trnh ca ngi lao ng pht huy cao nht kh nng ca h cng nh hn

ch ti a cc nguy c gy mt an ton do trnh v cng vic khng ph hp.

- Phi c t chc qun l cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng t trn cp cao

nht xung n ngi lao ng theo quy nh ca nh nc.

- Phi t chc tuyn truyn, hun luyn cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng i

vi tt c ngi lao ng.


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- Phi t chc hng dn cho ngi lao ng bit s dng v s dng y

cc trang thit b bo v c nhn khi lm vic.

2.2. Bin php k thut.

Bin php k thut v sinh.

- Vic xy dng nh xng phi m bo cc thng s v an ton v v sinh

cng nghip nh thng thong, cao ro, khng m t... i vi nn nh xng phi

m bo bn chc, bng phng, khng trn trt

- Vic b tr my mc thit b trong nh xng phi m bo theo ng yu cu

v an ton nh my mc thit b phi c b tr theo ng quy trnh, my mc phib tr theong khong cch an ton l khng nh hn 1m, nhng khu vc nguy him

c th l khng c thp hn 2m, khng b tr cc my mc thit b c sinh ra nhiu

cc yu t nguy him v c hi nh hng ti xung quanh cng nh ton b nh

xng...

- Mt bng nh xng phi gn gng, ngn np, my mc, thit b, dng c,

nguyn vt liu, thnh phm, ph rc thi phi theo ng ni quy nh, khng gy cn

tr cho ngi i li thao tc v phng tin vn chuyn.

- Phi m bo cc tiu chun v nh sng ti cc v tr lm vic c bit l ti

cc v tr lm vic c yu cu cao v nh sng, ti cc cu thang, ung i, trong hm

ngm...

- Phi m bo cc tiu chun v thng gi, ht bi cho ton b nh xng,

nht l nhng ni c pht sinh nng bi, ting n ln,phi c cc bin php ngn

nga cc yu t nguy him pht sinh trong qu trnh lm vic m bo khng nh

hng ti cc khu vc xung quanh.


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- Vic b tr khong cch gia cc hng thit b phi rng t nht 2.5m, trong

cc gian sn xut c cc my vn chuyn bn trong th gia cc b phn chuyn

ng(toa xe, gong, bng chuyn, xe ln...) v cc phn nh ra ca cc kt cu cng

trnh (tng, ct) cn phi cha li qua li rng t nht 1m.

- Cc ng ng dn nc, hi, kh, mng thng gi hoc cc thitb khc dui

trn nh xng cc li qua li khng c php thp hn 2.2m.

- Cc my mc thit b c sinh ra ting n ln v rung ng mnh (vn tc rung

v 2) th phi b tr vo nhng ni nh ring v phi c x l gim ting n v rung

ng.

- Ttc cc thit b, my mc u phi c y cc ni quy an ton vn hnh

s dng, Cc ni quy phi bin son ngn gn, r rng, chnh xc, d c v c treo,

gn c nh ngay ti ni lm vic ca ngi lao ng.

- i vi cc vng nguy him, cc khu vccm th phi c cc bin cnh bo

v cc yu t nguy him, cc loi p phch bo h lao ng ph hp nh bin bo

cm, bin cnh bo, bin bo ra lnh, bin bo ch th....

- Phi xy dng h thng cc giy cho php lm vic i vi nhng cng vic

c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton, nhng cng vic c pht sinh nhiu cc yu t

nguy him v c hi, v phi c cc bin php theo di, kim tra n c vic sdng cc loi giy php lm vic.

- Cc loi my mc, thit b u phi c kim nghim v kim nh v an

ton thit b thng xuyn theo nh k m bo an ton cho my mc thit b khi

vn hnh.

Bin php k thut an toni vi cc my mc, thit b.


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- Phi tin hnh thit k lp t cc thit b an ton nh van an ton, cht an

ton, cc thit b phng chng qu ti, khng ch hnh trnh, tc ca cc b phn

thc hin cc chuyn ng tnh tin hoc quay trn nh kha lin ng, r le t ngt...

- Cc thit b che chn cho cc h thng chuyn ng, bi, n, hi kh c, bc

x nhit, cc ho h su...

- Cc tn hiu ci, n bo ng...

- Cc bin bo an ton nh bin cm, bin cnh bo;

- Cc trang thit b an ton phi m bo bn chc di tc ng ca cc yu

t c, nhit, ho v khng gy bin dng hnh hc, nng chy hoc n mn, khng lm

hn ch kh nng v cng ngh cng nh cng tc bo dng v v sinh cng nghip.

Cc yu cu chung trong cng tc vn hnh, sa cha bo dng cc trang thit

b my mc, thit b.

- Khi tin hnh vn hnh my mc, thit b th ngi lao ng phi trang b y

cc phng tin bo v c nhn ph hp vi tng cng vic, tng mi trng lm

vic, tng kch thc nhn trc ca ngi lao ng.

- Tt c cc my mc, thit b khi vn hnh phi m bo c y cc thit b

an ton nh ccthit b che chn, bo v, khng ch hnh trnh, vn tc, chng qu ti

ph hp nhng ni c cc yu t nguy him v c hi xut hin.- Cc thit b iu khin, tn hiu n bo phi t nhng ni thun tin d

thao tc cng nh d quan st.

- Tuyt i khng c tin hnh sa cha, bo dng my mc, thit b trong

khi dang vn hnh hoc ang th my. Ch c tin hnh khi cc my mc thit b

ngng khng lm vic, tt c h thng in lin quan n my mc, thit b u

ngt.

- Phi tin hnh bo dng nh k cc my mc thit b theo ng quy nh.

- Sau khi sa cha bo dng song phi tin hnh chy th m bo my mc

chy tr li bnh thng trc khi a vo vn hnh.

Cc quy tc an ton khi sp xp vt liu

- Vt liu nn xp ring theo tng loi v theo th t thun tin cho vic bo

qun v s dng.

- Cc vt liu d chy n th phi c cc bin php bo qun v sp xp theong cc yu cu an ton ring.


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- Dng k v nh v chc chn khi bo qun vt d ln...

Cc quy tc an ton khi i li

- Ch c i li cc li i li ginh ring cho ngi c xc nh.

- Khi ln, xung thang phi vn tay vo lan can.

- Khng nhy t v tr trn cao xung t.

- Khi c chng ngi vt trnli i phi dn ngay thng ng.- Khng bc, dm qua my ct, gc my, vt liu, thit b v ng ginh

ring cho vn chuyn.

- Khng i li trong khu vc c ngi lm vic bn trn hoc c vt treo trn.

- Khng i vo khu vc dang c chuyn ti bng cu...

-Nht thit phi dng m khi i li pha di cc cng trnh ang xy dng, cc

my mc ang hot ng.

Cc quy tc an ton ni lm vic

- Khng bo qun cht c ni lm vic.

- Khi lm vic bn trn nn cm ngi i li pha di, khng nm , dng c

xung di.

-Ni lm vic phi lun c gi sch s, dng c, vt liu c sp xp gngng.


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- Thc hin theo cc bin bo, cc quy tc an ton cn thit.

Cc quy tc an ton khi lm vic tp th

- Khi lm vic tp th phi phi hp cht ch vi nhau.

- Ch nh ngi ch huy v lm vic theo tn hiu ca ngi ch huy.

- S dng dng c bo h thch hp trc khi lm vic.

- Tm hiu k trnh t v cch lm vic, tin hnh theo ng trnh t; khi i ca

phi bn giao cng vicmt cch t m.

- Trc khi vn hnh thit b phi ch quan st ngi xung quanh.

Cc quy tc khi tip xc vi cht c hi

- Cn phn loi, dn nhn v bo qun cht c hi ni quy nh.

- Khng n ung, ht thuc ni lm vic.

- S dng dng c bo h (mt n phng kh c, o qun chng ho cht, gng

tay...), dng c phng h.

-Nhng ngi khng lin quan khng c vo khu vc cha cht c.

- Tht cn thn khi s dng cc cht kim, axit.

- Ra tay sch s trc khi n ung.

Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng dng c phng tin bo v c nhn- Cn s dng ng bo h, m bo h khi lm vic ngoi tri, trong mi trng

nguy him, c hi.

- Khng s dng gng tay vi khi lm vic vi cc loi my quay nh my

khoan, tin...

- D dng kinh chng bi khi lm cc cng vic pht sinh bi, mn... nh ct

mi, gia cng c kh...

- S dng o, gng tay chng ho cht, knh bo h khi tip xc vi ho cht


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- S dng knh bo v khi lm vic ni c tia c hi; nhng ngi kim tra,

sa cha my in, dng c in, dy ti, dy cp in cn s dng m cch in,

gng tay cao su cch in

- S dng dng c h tr h hp, my cp khng kh, mt n dng kh khi lm

vic trong mi trng c nng xy di 18%

- Trong mi trng c nng kh c vt qu tiu chun cho php, cn s

dng dng c cung cp kh tr h hp

- Khi phi tip xc vi vt, cht nng hoc lm vic mi trng qu nng cn

s dng gng tay v o chng nhit

- Cn s dng dng c bo v nh nt tai chng n, bt tai chng n khi lm

vic trong mi trng c cng ting n vt 80-85 dB

- Cn s dng o, mt n phng c ni c kh, khi, hi c; s dng mt n

chng bi ni c nhiu vn, bi bay...

- S dng gng tay chuyn dng khi nung chy, hn ga, hnh quang

- S dng thit b an ton kiu x eo khi lm vic ni d b ng hoc ni c

cao t 2m tr ln

- S dng dng c bo v mt khi lm vic trong mi trng d b bn mn,

hi, cht c vo mt- S dng o, gng chng phng x khi lm vic gn thit b c s dng phng

x ng v.

Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng my mc

- Ngoi ngi ph trch ra, khng ai c khi ng, iu khin my

- Trc khi khi ng my phi kim tra cc thit b an on v v tr ng

- Trc khi i lm vic khc phi tt my, khng my hot ng khi khngc ngi iu khin


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- Khi mun iu chnh my, phi tt ng c v ch cho ti khi my dng hn;

khng dng tay hoc gy lm dng my

- Khi vn hnh my cn s dng phung tin bo vc nhn, khng mc o qu

di, khng qun khn qung c, khng eo c vt, nhn, gng tay

- Kim tra my thng xuyn v trc khi vn hnh

- Trn my hng cn treo bin ghi my hng

- Tt my trc khi lau chi v dng dng c chuyn dng lau chi.

V. TRANG B BO H LAO NG C NHNTi cc v tr lm vic, mi ngi lao ng u phi s dng cc trang thit b bo

h lao ng ph hp vi cc tiu chun ca Nh nc hay Quc t bao gm nhngkhng gii hn nhng th sau:

ng bo h.

M bo h.

Knh bo h lao ng

Gng tay bo h

Chp bo v thnh gic

Qun o bo h lao ng

Tu thuc vo tng v tr lm vic c th s dng thm, bt cc trang thit b

bo h lao ng khc cho thch hp.

1. Bo v thnh gic.

Vic bo v thnh gic nhm hn ch v ting n trnh b bnh ic ngh nghip. Cc

phng thc kim sot bao gm:

Kim sot ngun pht sinh ting n


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Kim sot vic truyn dn lin quan ti suy hao hoc gim mc n (ca, bc cch

m,...).

Cc thit b bo v thnh gic phi s dng lin tc khi lm vic trong mi trng

n vt qu 85dB(A) vi thi gian lm vic hng ngy qu 8 gi hay khi mc n xung

vt qu 130 dB(C). Khng c ngi lao ng tip xc vi ting n gy tn hi

n thnh lc. Phi c du hiu cnh bo t li vo khu vc c n cao.

Cn hn ch ngi lao ng tip xc vi ting n cng nhiu cng tt, v trc

ht phi bng cc bin php k thut. Mc m nhng khu vc khc nhau ti ni lm

vic cn phi ph hp vi thc t m k thut hin hnh c th t c v ti thiu

phi tho mn TCVN 3985-1999.

Cc trang thit b, qu trnh phi c xc nh vi du hiu ch bo nguy him

nu n vt qu 83 dB(A), ng thi phi s dng thit b bo v thnh gic c

nhn trong khi ch cc bin php kim sot kh thi c thc hin. Cc bin bo c

thit lp ch r cc khu vc n v yu cu ngi lao ng phi s dng thit b bo

v thnh gic trc khi bc vo cc khu vc .

Mi c nhn v khch ti thm s phi eo cc thit b bo v thnh gic.

Nt bt tai hay chp tai chng n c dng khi:

Ti khu vc c my pht in hoc cc my c n cao.

S dng my mi, ba , dng c thit b c n cao.

trong xng c kh c n cao.

C bin bo s dng hoc khi gim st yu cu.

Chp tai chng n phi c lau chi sch s hng ngy.

2. Bo v ng h hp.

Cc nguyn tc di y phi c tun th bo v ngi lao ng khi cc mi

nguy him v ng h hp:

Khng c nhn no phi tip xc trc tip trong bu khng kh m c th c hi

cho sc kho ca h.

Trong nhng trng hp, khi bu khng kh c th b nhim c, phi dng mt

h thng thng xuyn o th bu khng kh xung quanh ni lm vic do ngi

c hun luyn ng cch s dng trang thit b thch hp.


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Phi thc hin mi n lc nhm ngn chn vic thi cc cht c hi vo mi

trng lm vic. t c iu ny bng cch chp nhn cc phng php v

iu kin an ton v bng cch thc hin vic kim sot cc cht thi.

Nu mi n lc nhm ngn chn hay kim sot mi nguy him ny khng thnh

cng th phi cung cp v s dng cc thit b bo v ng th.

Cc thit b sn xut ra bi v khi (vd. thit b hn, ng c Diesel,...) s phi b

tr nhng ni thch hp km theo kim sot v mt k thut.

Nhng khu vci hi phi s dng trang thit b bo v ng h hp phi c

gn bin bo.

Khu trang, mt n ngn bi khi c s dng ngn cn bi v khi c th gy

hi trong khng kh. Loi ny khng thch hp s dng trong mi trng c kh c

hoc c nng xy thp. Phi nh gi cn thn khu vc lm vic vi nhng nguy

him c th c trc khi s dng loi thit b ny.

Ti nhng khu vc nu trn mi nhn vin v khch tham quan u phi eo thit b

bo v.

3. Bo v u.

Phi i m bo him khi lm vic ngoi tri, cng trng xy dng, hm m...Ngi

s dng phi thc hin ng cc quy nh di y:

M khng c sn li

Ch c dn nhng nhn dnh cho php ln trn m.

Khng c ra/lm sch m bng cc sn phm xng du hay cc cht lm

sch tng t.

Khng c khoan l trn m.

Ch s dng m bo v u.

Phi thay th cc m b hng hay c v b h.

Dy gi trong m phi c duy tr tnh trng tt.

Sau khi va p mnh trn v m, m phi c kim tra v thay th nu thy

cn thit.

Ti cc khu vc lao ng, mi nhn vin v khch tham quan phi i m bo

h.Tt c cc c nhn phi i m bo h trong nhng khu vc c nguy c gy chn

thng u. Khng c php s dng nhng m thng thng, nn nhm, st cngv m cng khng c kh nng bo v u.


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M bo h khng c bin dng, sn hoc dnh cc ho cht. Nu xy ra nh vy

th phi thay nn khc ngay lp tc.

4. Bo v mt.

Khi khng c kh nng loi b hay kim sot c cc mi nguy him cho mt,

phi cp cc trang thit b bo v mt cho ngi lao ng. Knh bo v gn km tm

chn cung cp s bo v y khi a s cc mu bi bay t nhng a im lm

vic pha trc ngi lm vic.

eo knh bo v c tm chn c coi l mc bo v ti thiu.

Knh bo v khng c thit khay ch nh dng bo v chng cc ming ri

vn c nng lng gy nh hng mc trung bnh hoc cao. Ti ni cng vic i

hi mc bo v ln hn phi trang b loi knh trn c gng rng, tm che mt hay

m trm u.

Cc trang thit b bo v mt b sung/tu chn s phi eo khi thc hin cc nhim

v di y:

- Mi: Tm che ton b v knh gng to bo v mt- Hn: Mt n hn, m hn, knh bo v- Ct kh: Knh ct c chng- S dng ho cht: Knh bo v c gng to v tm che mt khi c yu cu.- Hot ng trong mi trng bi: Knh bo v m st mtKhi phi bo v khi nh sng chi ca mt tri hay nh chi t tia x nhn thy

c, phi cung cp trang thit b bo v mt c lp mt knh rm mu nh. Nu yu

cu bo v chng li tia cc tm hay tiahng ngoi, tia laser phi s dng loi bo v

c bit ng yu cu.

Nhng khu vc yu cu phi eo phng tin bo v mt phi c bin bo ph hp.

Mi nhn vin v khch tham quan phi eo phng tin bo v mt nhng khu vc

nu trn.

5. Bo v tay.

Trang b bo v tay c th dng gng tay hoc gng tay di v phi c s

dng nhng khu vc c nguy c gy chn thng tay.

Phi eo gng tay cao su chng ha cht khi tip xc vi cc sn phm du, xt,

axt, ho cht v cht ha tan mnh.


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Phi eo gng tay da bo v tay khi thc hin cc cng vic nhit cao, ma

st ln hoc vt liu c b mt g gh sc nhn, khi cm dy cp, nhng ch gng

tay c th b ko v cun vo thit b my ang quay. Cc gng tay cao su cch in

c s dng khi thc hin cc cng vic v in.

Trang thit b bo v tay cn c cung cp y . Loi gng tay s dng cho

cng vic s tu thuc vo loi vt liu hay thit b c cm.

Lm vic bnh thng - Gng vi hay da

Hn - Gng da

Bo v chng nng - Gng da hay trng lp cch nhit

Ho cht - Gng cao su nitrile hoc vi bc PVC

Bo v chng cnh sc - Gng c m lng bn tay bng cao su tng hp hoc da chrome.

6. Bo v chn.Giy hoc ng bo h l nhng th bt buc ti cc khu vc lm vic c a Cng

ty. Giy bo h phi l loi c mi thp bo v bn chn, c kh nng chng trt v

phi c s dng cc ni lm vic, cng trng, khu vc sn xut v nhng ni c

nguy c gy thng tn n chn. Khi lm vic khu vc m t hoc c th b t th

phi s dng ng bo h khng s dng giy, ng bo h khng cn kh nng bo v.

Phi s dng giy, ng bo h ng kch c v buc cht ph hp. Cc loi

giy, ng bo v hng phi thay th ngay.

Mi c nhn v khch tham quan u phi i giy hoc ng bo v ti cc khu vc bt

buc.

7. Qun o bo h.

Qun o bo h lao ng phi lun c s dng khi lm vic. Qun o bo hlao ng phi ph hp, ng quy nh v va vn cho ngi s dng.

Qun o bo h lao ng lun phi gi sch s, trnh dy bn bi du m, ho

cht. Cc qun o vi bt phi c s dng khi thc hin cc cng vic vi Axit hay

cc ho cht c hi. Khng c mc cc qun o bo h rng hay rch khi thc hin

cc cng vic gn cc thit b quay.

Khng eo cc trang sc nh dy chuyn, nhn khi lm vic ti nhng ni m

chng c th gy vng v lm b thng ngi eo.

phan i - khai quat ve bao ho lao dong

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