pets and exotics
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TRANSCRIPT
Pets, Exotics and Pet Stores
Ch.9
Recap: NY Puppy Lemon Law – GBL(GEN. BUSINESS LAW )Article 35-
D& Care of Animals by Pet Dealers AGM 26-A
Any person who sells more than 9 animals per year to the public◦ Does not include humane societies◦ Does not include breeders who sell less than 25
animals per year born and raised on the premises
Pet Dealer – NEW YORK
753A – Within 5 days of receipt of a dog, a pet dealer must have a veterinarian examine the dog for any health problems.◦ A pet dealer cannot sell a dog or cat 18 months or
older with a congenital problem unless the consumer is notified in writing.
General Business Law
Section 754◦ Every pet dealer who sells an animal to a
consumer must provide the consumer with written notice of his/her rights under this law at the time of sale. Can be included in a written contract Animal history certificate (must include rabies immunizations)
GBL Article 35-D
GBL 35-D 753-b (page 5)
Your Checklist if Buying From a Dealer:
Animal Pedigree Registration
Page 6
GBL 35-D 753-c
Section 753 – After the purchase of a cat or dog from a pet dealer, a consumer has 14 business days to obtain a certified statement from a veterinarian that the animal is unfit for purchase due to illness.
General Business Law 35-D
Return animal and get refund for purchase price and cost of vet certification
Return animal in exchange for another and cost of vet certification
Keep animal and get reimbursed by dealer for vet costs for curing the animal, not to exceed purchase price ◦ Refund/reimbursement must be made by dealer within 10 business days
of receipt of certification
Consumer Options
Article 26-ACare of Animals by Pet Dealers
New York
Section 401 – Pet Dealers must provide the following standards of care for every animal in their custody:◦ Enforced through Agriculture and Markets
Inspections 1. Housing 2. Sanitation 3. Food and water 4. Handling 5. Vet Care
Minimum Standards of Care
Section 403 – A pet dealer in NYS must have a license issued by the NYS Dept. of Agriculture and Markets.◦ Can be delegated by AGM to county or city where
pet dealer is located $100 fee ($25 if dealer sells less than 25 animals per
year) Helpful NYSHA Fact Sheet
AGM 26-A
Pets
Pet keeping began in the 1800sKeeping an animal for pleasure was the privilege of the upper class until
a thriving middle class emerged.
Pet Ownership◦ American Pet Products Association (click for more
statistics) 382.2 million animals kept as pets – 2008 377.4 - 2010 (economy?)
Industry Statistics and Trends
63% households – 2006 (up from 56% in 1988)
Why do we have pets?◦ Companionship◦ Unconditional Love◦ Adorable, funny, etc.
Who is most likely to have a pet?-Between ages 18-49-White-Incomes $75,000+
We love our pets.
And the number one reason is: Companionship
Why do we have pets?
Status of Pets: Personal Property
Property? Dependents?
Requires federal, state and local emergency preparedness officials to include pets in plans for emergency evacuation during disasters
Pet Evacuation Transportation Act of 2006
People keep pets for various reasons See Tables 9.2 and 9.3
HSUS estimates that 6-8 million animals are received by shelters each year
HSUS Pet Overpopulation Estimates
1973 – cats and dogs euthanized – 13.5 million
2000 – 4-6 million◦ Source: HSUS State of the Animals 2001
Over the same period the total number of cats and dogs nearly doubled.
Euthanasia = Good Death (Greek)
From ANIMAL PEOPLE, July/August 2008:
U.S. progress vs. shelter killing Year Millions of Killed per
dogs & cats 1,000 killed Americans
1950 - a time when animal control in much of the U.S. was still done by private contractors, who often simply killed strays or sold them to labs instead of taking them to shelters, and unwanted puppies and kittens were frequently drowned
1950 2.0 13.5 1970 23.4 115.01985 17.8 74.81997 4.9 21.11998 4.9 19.41999 4.5 16.62000 4.5 16.82001 4.4 15.72002 4.2 15.32003 4.5 14.82004 4.9 17.42005 4.4 14.82006 4.0 13.62007 4.2 13.8
Estimated number of dogs and cats killed in shelters, 1950-2007
From ANIMAL PEOPLE, July/August 2008:
Region Cats Dogs Ratio NORTHEAST 36,282 18,690 66/34
MID-ATLANTIC 137,050 80,490 63/37SO. ATLANTIC 497,777 459,485 52/48APPALACHIA 220,557 187,882 54/46GULF COAST 444,203 378,395 54/46WEST 156,911 184,200 46/54MIDWEST 491,442 418,636 54/46PACIFIC 308,271 145,069 68/32U.S. TOTAL 2,292,493 1,872,847 55/45
Euthanasia Numbers by Region
Northeast – Lowest◦ Weather
Cold winters lower fertility rates and claim more lives◦ Low cost spay neuter program availability◦ Animal Control policies
Higher licensing fees for unaltered animals
Why the differences in euthanasia rates?
§ 110. License fees. 1. The license fee for dog licenses issued pursuant to subdivision one of section one hundred nine of this article shall be determined by the municipality issuing the license, provided that the total fee for an unspayed or unneutered dog shall be at least five dollars more than the total fee for a spayed or neutered dog.
New York License Fees – Article 7
Euthanasia Methods“Euthanasia techniques should result in rapid loss of
consciousness followed by cardiac or respiratory arrest and the ultimate loss of brain function” - AVMA
Intravenous injection (preferred)◦ Sodium pentobarbital or potassium chloride
Gassing◦ Ether, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide
Electrocution and penetrating captive bolts◦ Dogs only
Euthanasia Methods
Rapid Minimal physical
distress Usually reasonably
low-cost
But, requires animal be individually restrained
Requires training of personnel
Since these are controlled substances, requires U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration registration and order form
Intravenous (Lethal) Injection
◦ Many U.S. shelters still use gas chambers.
Stop Gassing
During the process, which can take 30 minutes, panicked animals may gasp for breath, try to claw out of the chamber, and even attack each other.
Gas Chambers
Banned the use of CO gas chambers to kill shelter animals and required shelters to dismantle and remove them
Mandates the use of injection of sodium pentobarbital or a sodium pentabarbital solution to euthanize animals in public shelters◦ It does NOT apply to research laboratories or dog breeders who
may be using a gas chamber to euthanize unwanted, old or sick animals.
Violations of this law could mean up to a year in jail and a $1000 fine.
New York – BAN - 2009
Many people get into this work because they love animals. It can be very difficult to try to grasp that millions of unwanted pets never find homes.
Animal Shelter Workers and Stress
Solution to Euthanasia Problem?
Sterilization campaigns Education of pet owners Adoption programs
◦ For every single animal euthanized in a shelter, there is a person OUTSIDE of that shelter responsible for it. The responsibility to keep shelters from euthanizing animals lies with each of us as pet owners. If we adopt through rescue, choose a good match, spay and neuter, and keep our animals for their lifetimes, the shelters will be near empty, not overfull, and euthanasia can become a tragedy of the past.
Spaying and Neutering
Medical, behavioral and social benefits
Article 7 of Agriculture and Markets Law◦ 1. The license fee for each dog license issued
pursuant to subdivision one of section one hundred nine of this article shall be: (a) two dollars and fifty cents for each spayed or neutered dog and seven dollars and fifty cents for each unspayed or unneutered dog licensed for one year.
New York
New York State Animal Population Control Fund
New York Animal Population Control Fund
Enacted in 1995, the APCP was initially created to reduce the population of unwanted animals in New York State by encouraging adoptions from
animal shelters. This was accomplished by providing low‐cost spay and neuter procedures
for dogs and cats adopted from shelters, pounds, SPCAs, humane societies and animal protective
associations.
The New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) issued
vouchers to these entities, that in turn provided them to pet adopters for
spay/neuter services from participating veterinarians for $30. In 2006, this law was amended to offer such services to eligible
low‐income residents for $20, regardless of where they obtained their pet.
New York Animal Population Control Fund
Due to the unprecedented demand created by the 2006 law, the balance in the dedicated
APCP Fund – fortified primarily by a $3 surcharge on licenses issued for unaltered dogs
– depleted quickly. By August 2009, NYSDAM stopped issuing vouchers for the APCP, setting
a limited redemption period for vouchers already issued and suspended the program. While Governor Paterson’s initial budget plan proposed the elimination of the APCP, it was restored in the final 2010‐2011 State Budget.
New York Animal Population Control Fund
New York State Animal Population Control Program◦ Low-cost spay/neuter grant program administered
by the ASPCA on behalf of the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets.
New York
(1) Non-profit or government animal welfare organization applies for grant from ASPCA
(2) Must demonstrate a plan to provide low-cost spay/neuter services
(3) Project must target New York State residents who qualify for public assistance or who have adopted their animal(s) from a non-profit or governmental animal welfare organizations located in New York State
New York State Animal Population Control Program
Do the math.
(1) Irresponsible Breeding◦ Despite increased public awareness over the past
40 years about the need to spay and neuter pets, 35 percent of pet owners in the U.S. still choose not to do so. Many among this group intentionally choose to breed
their pets, either for profit or for what they mistakenly believe to be a “fun” experience.
Others choose not to spay or neuter out of ignorance, believing that their pets won’t breed accidentally.
Source: http://www.americanhumane.org/animals/adoption-pet-care/issues-information/pet-overpopulation.html
Causes of Pet Overpopulation
(2) Choosing Not to Adopt◦ It is a common myth that pet overpopulation
means there are “not enough” homes for all the shelter animals. In reality, there are more than enough homes, but not enough people are choosing to adopt from a shelter. Seventeen million Americans acquire a new pet each
year -- that is more than double the number of shelter animals! Only 3.5 million people, or about 20 percent, choose to
adopt their new pet..
Causes of Pet Overpopulation
Source: http://www.americanhumane.org/animals/adoption-pet-care/issues-information/pet-overpopulation.html
(3) Disposable Pets◦ Hundreds of thousands of pets are relinquished to
shelters each year simply because they have become an inconvenience or because the owner did not consider the time and financial commitment required to properly train and care for them.
Causes of Pet Overpopulation
(1) Always spay and neuter your pets. (2) Always adopt your pets from a legitimate
shelter or nonprofit rescue group. (3) Consider all the responsibilities and
consequences of pet ownership before deciding to get a pet and always make a lifetime commitment to your pet.
(4) Educate your children, friends, family members and co-workers about pet overpopulation, adoption and the importance of spaying and neutering.
Recap: What Can You Do?
Model Spay Neuter LawsFrom SPAY USA – nationwide referral service
No-Kill1990s
In reality, most no kill shelters euthanize animals that are unadoptable due to illness, or temperament.
Goal: reach the goal of a no-kill nation by 2015
Father of No Kill Movement: Richard Avanzino
Maddie’s Fund
Provides grants to community coalitions, veterinary medical associations, and colleges of veterinary medicine for programs that advance no-kill. Funded by billionaire Dave
Duffield and his wife Cheryl for the dog Maddie who died of cancer in 1997.
Maddie’s Fund = Grants
In 2003 NYC officials announced plans to convert all of the city’s shelters to no-kill. In 2005 Maddie’s Fund pledged $15 million toward that goal.
Mayor’s Alliance for NYC’s Animals, Inc.
Funded mostly by Maddie's Fund, The Pet Rescue Foundation, with some support from the ASPCA, the Mayor’s Alliance is a coalition of more than 150
animal rescue groups and shelters work with Animal Care & Control of NYC (AC&C) to end the killing of healthy and
treatable cats and dogs at AC&C shelters.
Mayor’s Alliance for NYC’s Animals
You can hear Nathan every week on the nationally syndicated radio show Animal Wise Radio (animalwiseradio.com), learn more through his work with the No Kill
Advocacy Center (nokilladvocacycenter.org), or read his popular blog on this website.
Nathan Winograd
The very first national Ad Council campaign focused on pets urges people who are looking for a companion animal to make shelters and rescue groups their first choice for adoption. ◦ Click here for slide show
The Shelter Pet Project - 2009
No-KillProblems
Shelters can become overwhelmed and animal welfare can suffer.
Well-meaning rescues…
No inspections or license requirement for 501c3
…can get overwhelmed
The sanctuary defines no-kill to mean that animals are only destroyed if there is terminal and painful illness “when compassion demands euthanasia because
there is no reasonable alternative”.
Best Friends Animal Sanctuary- Utah
PETA takes the position that euthanasia is a necessary evil in a world full of unwanted pets and the key is to address the root of the overpopulation problem. The group has
some well-known allies, including the Humane Society of the United States.
PETA and Euthanasia
Top Ten Reasons People Relinquish Pets
In general, researchers found that owners had unrealistic expectations for their pets and lacked the knowledge or will to work out problems.
National Council on Pet Population
The use of animals from pounds and shelters in laboratories has been a controversial issue in the animal advocacy and research communities since the late 1800s. ◦ After World War II, as the use of animals in
research began to boom. Scientists turned first to pounds and shelters, which were places full of 'surplus' animals who could be acquired cheaply.
Pound Seizure
Beginning in the 1940s, laws were passed that required pounds and shelters to release dogs and cats to research laboratories. The majority of laws regarding animals in laboratories passed between 1945 and 1960 were generated by the National Society for Medical Research, which eventually evolved into the National Association for Biomedical Research (NABR).
State Pound Seizure Laws
Minnesota, Wisconsin, and New York were among the first states that enacted laws requiring the
release of animals in shelters or pounds to dealers. Though these laws were enacted in the 1940s and 1950s, some of them still exist today.
Others have been repealed or amended, as a result of demands of the animal protection
community.
◦ Click here to find out whether or not a state prohibits, mandates, allows, or has not dealt with the issue of
pound seizure.
State Pound Seizure Laws
1990 – Animal Welfare Act was amended to set a minimum holding period of 5 days for shelter animals before release to research institutions
Purebred Dog Industry
Passionate about protecting certain qualities in the breed
Demand for purebred puppies has created a multibillion dollar industry◦ Breeding & Selling◦ Showing
Purebred Enthusiasts
American Kennel Club 1884 - AKC
United Kennel Club 1898 - UKC
Track ancestry records based on info. provided by breeders . Does NOT track genetic disorders or verify health of dog.
Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) maintains a database of genetic disorders in purebreds so conscientious breeders can make informed decisions.
Canine Eye Registration Foundation – database on purebred eye health
Closely related dogs bred together raises chance that puppies will get problem genes.
Looks, agility, obedience, hunting ability,
Competitions that exemplify breed standards
Continental Kennel Club
Some registries allow crossbreeds and/or mixed breeds.
CrossbreedsPurebred parents of two different breeds
Labrador retriever and poodle
Labradoodle
Schnauzer and poodle
Schoodle
Yorkshire Terrier and poodle
Yorkiepoo
Cocker spaniel and poodle
Cockapoo
Beagle and pug
Bug
Goldie and poodle (why not a “Goldiepoo”?)
Goldendoodle
◦Breeders Class A – sell animals they have bred and raised (exempt if 3 or
less breeding females or if selling directly to consumer)
◦Dealers (Middlemen) Class B – purchase and resell
◦Pet Stores
◦Public
The Big Picture in the U.S. CHAIN
Puppy Mills
Dealers (Brokers)(Exempt from USDA (federal)
licensing and inspections if selling
to the public)
It is the USDA’s positionthat these dealers are
retail pet stores (unless sellingto research, a dealer, or an
exhibitor).
Can also bePuppy Mills
Pet Store (Retail Dealer)
(Excluded from AWA (federal) minimum humane
handling requirements)
Commercial Breeder
Regulated by USDA
Licenses and Inspections
Public
Puppy Mill Chain Broker
WholesalerResearch FacilityOther Pet Dealer
Let’s review what a puppy mill is.Puppy mills are facilities that breed puppies in inferior conditions and sell them in commercial markets.
Characterized by inadequate vet care, poor food, poor shelter, and lack of socialization. Female dogs are repeatedly bred until destroyed. Transported over long distances in cramped inhumane conditions. Illness
rampant.
“These problems have eroded the integrity of the inspection program which is designed to help ensure canines are safely and humanely treated.”
Prop B
Missouri leads the pack as the worst.
HSUS Hidden Camera Investigation
Exposes the Suffering Behind New York Pet Stores
Major Puppy Mill Cases
1,000 Freed from W. Va. Puppy MillLyles, TN 2008
Feral Cats“…have reverted to a semi-wild state (?) because
of lack of human contact and socialization”p. 144
Alley Cat Allies video: What is a feral cat?
Feral cats are still domestic animals.
Neglect or abandonment – 32.2 % Shooting – 11.7 % Hoarding – 11.3 % Fighting – 8.9 % Beating – 6.9 %
Dogs and cats most common victims
From Pet-abuse.com
Illinois and Hawaii Laws
Hoarding
Exotic PetsWild animals that are not normally
considered pets
Many people feel they have the right to keep any animal as long as they provide proper care for it. Critics believe that exotic animals belong in their natural habitats and not in cages where they can suffer abuse, neglect and
boredom. And, their temperaments can be unpredictable.
Lions, tigers, wolves, bears, primates, rodents & reptiles
Provides a list of breeders, dealers and shops
National Alternative Pet Association
New York
Summary of State Laws re: Private Possession of Exotic Animals
Ohio Animal Tragedy Calls Attention to Loopholes in U.S. Captive Wildlife Laws
But some states allow ownership of captive-born endangered animals.
Approx. 7,500 10,000 pet tigers in the U.S. (EXCEEDS # OF WILD TIGERS LIVING IN ASIA)
Tigers – Endangered Species – Private Ownership Prohibited under Endangered Species Act
Connecticut 2009: Woman Mauled by Chimpanzee
Travis the Chimp
Nonhuman Primates
Captive Primate Safety ActWould prohibit interstate commerce in monkeys, apes and other primates in the exotic
"pet" trade