Exotics & Avian QuizDeveloped by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark BrimsApproved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen BainSupported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

Exotics and Avian Quiz

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Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark BrimsSupported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

Small Furries• Guinea Pig Q1• Rat Q2• Hamster Q3• Ferret Q4• Rabbit Q5

Exotics• Chelonia Q6

(Tortoises/Turtles)• Lizards Q7• Snakes Q8

Fish & Amphibians• Fish Q9• Amphibians Q10

Birds• Avian Q11• Avian Q12• Avian Q13

Guinea Pig Q1• (i) Do you know how

many digits the Guinea Pig has on its forelimb compared with its hindlimb?– Answer.

• (ii) Which is the biggest bone in the skull in a Guinea Pig?– Answer.

• (iii) Does the Guinea Pig have Clavicles? Which of the domestic species is this similar to?– Answer.

• (iv) How many teeth does a Guinea Pig have?– Answer.

Answer• The Guinea Pig has 4 digits on its forelimb.

– The 1st digit is missing.• There are only 3 digits on the hindlimb.

– The 1st and 5th digits are missing.• Guinea Pigs are defined as Plantigrade.

– They place their whole foot on the ground and have well defined foot pads.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• The Mandible is the biggest bone in the skull of a Guinea Pig.

• Other notable points about the skull:– Large Tympanic Bullae– Prominent Zygomatic Arch

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• Yes! The Guinea Pig

does have Clavicles

• This makes it similar to the cat which may have remnants of Clavicles.

• Try (iv)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• The Guinea Pig has 20 teeth.

• The dental formula of a Guinea Pig is:1-0-1-31-0-1-3

• Try Rat Q2!• Choose a new Question.

The Rat Q2• (i) Is the Rat in the x-

rays a male or female?– Answer.

• (ii) Do you know how many teeth a Rat has?– Anwser.

• (iii) How many ribs does a Rat have?– Answer.

Answer

• The Rat in this x-ray is male.

• In the Rat the Inguinal Canal is permanently open so the Testes may have a Scrotal or Inguinal position.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Testes

Answer• A Rat has 16 teeth.• The dental formula:

1-0-0-31-0-0-3

• The Rat only has one set of teeth in a lifetime – Monophydont.

• The main muscle of mastication in the Rat is the Masseter.

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• The Rat has 13 pairs of

ribs.

• This is the same as the Dog!

• Try Hamster Q3!• Choose a new question.

Hamster Q3

• (i) Do you know how many digits there are in the forelimb compared with the hindlimb?– Answer.

• (ii) How many teeth does a Hamster have?– Answer.

Answer

• Hamsters have 4 digits on their forelimbs and 5 digits on their hindlimbs.

• Did you know the footpads are covered in fur in the Russian Hamster!

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• A Hamster has 16 teeth.• Dental formula:

1-0-0-31-0-0-3

• This is like in the Rat.• Hamsters have open-rooted incisors (continually

erupt) and closed-rooted molars (erupt and stop).

• Try Ferret Q4!• Choose a new question.

Ferret Q4 • (i) How many ribs does a ferret have?– Answer.

• (ii) How many sets of teeth does a ferret have in a lifetime?– Answer.

• (iii) How many teeth does a ferret have at 16 weeks old?– Answer.

• (iv) Is the ferret in this x-ray male or female?– Answer.

Answer

• A Ferret has 15 ribs!

• This is more than a Dog, which has 13 ribs.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• A Ferret has two sets of teeth in a lifetime –

Diphydont.

• The deciduous formula:3/4-1-3-0 3-1-3-0

• The permanent formula:3-1-3-13-1-3-2

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• A ferret has 34 teeth at 16 weeks old.

• The permanent dentition comes in at around 7-10 weeks old.

3-1-3-13-1-3-2

• Try (iv)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• The ferret in this x-ray is Male.• The Os Penis is visible clearly in the x-ray. Note

the curved tip – this makes placing a catheter quite tricky!

• Try Rabbit Q5• Choose a new question.

Os Penis

Rabbit Q5• (i) How many teeth

does a Rabbit have?– Answer.

• (ii) How many digits do Rabbits have on their forelimbs compared to hindlimbs?– Answer.

• (iii) If a Rabbit is held incorrectly, where on the spine, is the fracture likely to be?– Answer.

Answer• A Rabbit has 28 teeth.• Dental Formula:

2-0-3-31-0-2-3

• Rabbits teeth grow continuously at a rate of 2mm/week!

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• Rabbits have 5 digits on their forelimbs and 4

digits on their hindlimbs.

• They are plantigrade (walk with whole foot on ground) or digitigrade (walk on toes, rest of foot raised).

• There are no footpads on the palmar aspect of the foot, just coarse hair.

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• The fracture is likely to be in the Lumbar spine.

Specifically L6-7.

• The Skeletal system of the Rabbit is weak compared to the stronger muscular system.

• If held incorrectly, rabbits kick out with their muscular hindlimbs, fracturing their spine.

• Try Chelonia Q6!• Choose a new question.

Chelonia Q6• (i) Why are the bony

structures of the skeletal system not visible in these x-rays?– Answer.

• (ii) What is marked on the top x-ray?– Answer.

• (iii) What are the ‘girdles’ found in the skeletal system of tortoises?– Answer.

Answer• The bony structures of the skeleton are not

visible due to the shell.

• The shell is made up of the Carapace & Plastron.

• The Carapace & Plastron are made up of Scutes.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• The area marked on the

x-ray shows one of the lungs.

• The lungs occupy the dorsal half of the body cavity.

• There is no diaphragm in these species.

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer• Limb Girdles

– These are found inside the ribs.– They strengthen the shell.

• Pectoral Girdle– Made up of the Epiplastron, Entoplastron and

Scapula.– There is some fusion to the Carapace.

• Pelvic Girdle– Made up of the Ileum, Ischium and Pubic Pelvic

Bones.– There is some fusion to the Carapace.

• Try Lizards Q7!• Choose a new question.

Lizards Q7

• (i) From the x-ray of the Bearded Dragon, what can you tell about the ribs?– Answer.

• (ii) How many teeth does an Iguana have – can you tell from an x-ray?– Answer.

Bearded Dragon

Iguana

Answer

• Lizards have flexible spines.• They have ribs on all vertebrae except the

cervical vertebrae.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• An Iguana has 80-120 teeth!

• You wouldn’t be able to see these on an x-ray as they are small, conical structures.

• They are replaced repeatedly – up to 5 times a year!

• Try Snakes Q8!• Choose a new question.

Snakes Q8• (i) What do you know

about snake’s jaws?– Answer.

• (ii) Can you see what is going on in the x-ray of the Indian Python?– Hint: It is showing part

of the Reproductive system.

– Answer.

Great Plains Garter Snake

Indian Python

Answer

• Snakes have a Kinetic Skull.

• They have no middle ear cavity, no mandibular symphysis and independent movement of the upper and lower jaws.

• This is what allows them to eat extraordinarily large prey!

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• This is a male Indian Python.

• There is a catheter in one of the paired hemipenes.

• Try Fish Q9!• Choose a new question.

Fish Q9

• What is A?– Stomach– Intestine– Swim Bladder

A

Correct

• Yes! A is the Swim Bladder!

• It appears black as it is full of gas for gaseous exchange.

• It is not present in all fish.

• Try Amphibians Q10!• Choose a new question.

Incorrect

• No, A is not the Intestine.

• The Intestine is not usually visible on an x-ray as it is a soft tissue structure.

• Try again!• Choose a new question.

Incorrect

• No, A is not the Stomach.

• The Stomach is not normally visible on x-rays as it is a soft tissue structure.

• Try again!• Choose a new question.

Amphibian Q10

• Do amphibians have ribs?– Answer.

• What is the name of bone A?– Answer.

• What is Structure B?– Answer.

A

B

Answer

• No, Amphibians don’t have ribs.

• Adult amphibians have simple paired lungs. The larvae have gills.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Answer

• Bone A is the Tibiofibula.

• The tibia and fibula are fused. As are the radius and ulna in the forelimb.

• Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

Answer

• Structure B is the Pelvic Girdle.

• The Pelvic Girdle provides a single focal point for force distribution during jumping.

• Try Avian Q11!• Choose a new question.

Avian Q11

• (i) What is A?– Answer.

• (ii) What is B?– Answer.

• (iii) What is C?– Answer.

A

B

C

Answer

• A is the Fused Mandible.

• The teeth in birds are replaced by the bill.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Fused Mandible

Answer

• B is the Hyoid Apparatus.

• The development of the hyoid apparatus depends on the activity of the tongue.

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Hyoid Apparatus

Answer

• C is the Nasal Aperture.

• The Nasal Aperture is found in the Maxillary Rhamphotheca.

• Try Avian Q12!• Choose a new question.

Nasal Aperture

Avian Q12

• (i) What is A?– Answer.

• (ii) What is B?– Answer.

• (iii) What is C?– Answer.

A B

C

Answer

• A is the Clavicle.

• The clavicles unite medially as the Furcula.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Clavicle

Answer

• B is the Coracoid.

• The Coracoids join the sternum to the scapula.

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Coracoid

Answer

• C is the Humerus.

• The head of the Humerus articulates with the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula.

• Try Avian Q13!• Choose a new question.

Humerus

Avian Q13

• What is A?– Answer.

• What feathers attach to part A?– Answer.

• What feathers attach to part B?– Answer.

A

B

Answer

• A is the Carpo-metacarpus.

• The distal carpal and metacarpal bones are fused.

• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.

Carpo-metacarpus

Answer

• The Primary Flight Feathers

• Attached to the Carpo-metacarpus and the Major and Minor digits.

• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.

Carpo-metacarpus

Answer

• The Secondary Flight Feathers.

• Attached to the Ulna.

• Back to the Start!• Choose a new Question.Ulna