pestalozzi 7/2012 international development cooperation the millennium development goals (mdg) the...

Pestalozzi 7/2012International Development Cooperation

The Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

• The goals appeared the first time in the 1996 OECD publication:Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation.

• General Assembly 8th September 2000: Millenium DeclarationAll 189 member states of the UN approved the goals

2001, based on the Millenium declaration a working group of UN, OECD/DAC and World Bank formulates the 8 „Millenium Development Goals“, precised by 18 Targets and 48 Indicators

a synthesis of target formulationselaborated during UN Conferences of the 90th

• The MDGs were set as “global goals”

• However, from the very beginning also the protagonists of the goals interpreted them as “performance goals” measured for world regions and countries.

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The 8 MDGs

eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015

3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education

ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men

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selected indicators


Summary of the current achievements on the way to reach the MDGs

reached success based on 2009 data

necessary success to reach 2015 target

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MDG Indicator progress, number of poor countries

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Sample size: 76 countries, IDA-eligible


Top MDG Index Performers

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Lowest MDG Index Performers


Millennium Development Goals ad Midpoint: Where do we stand and where do we need to go?

(Bourgignon et al. ,2008)

Progress on poverty is very much driven by overachievers in East and South Asia.

Progress on poverty is very much driven by overachievers in East and South Asia.

• Sub-Saharan African countries lag significantly behind other regions in all MDGs.

• In effect, there are clear regional patterns in MDG progress that depend on initial conditions and recent growth performance.

perform relatively worse in health and, in the case of South Asia, in education and gender equity.

Asian countries are over-achievers in the income poverty goal.Asian countries are over-achievers in the income poverty goal.

• Global progress is surprisingly good, especially for the poverty and the gender parity goals; less so for the child mortality and maternal mortality goal.

Relative underachievers in poverty reduction goal, although their poverty level is low by international standards

Latin America and Middle East relative over-achievers in health, education and gender equity. Latin America and Middle East relative over-achievers in health, education and gender equity.

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Summary

• The MDGs’ achievement gap is much larger in ‘fragile’ states.

one of the reasons why Sub-Saharan Africa lags behind on MDG progress is the relatively large proportion of so-called ‘fragile states’ in that region

• The poorest regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, are the two regions still seriously off- track for pimary completion rates and for child mortality.

• Progress has been good on gender equity in primary and secondary enrolments in all regions.

Yet Sub-Saharan Africa and fragile states still lag considerably behind. Not a single country in Sub- Saharan Africa is on track to meet the goal at this

stage.

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MLM

• MDG 2

• Recht auf Bildung

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