Sustainable Development Goals

SDGsAbdul Razak Thaha

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin

Pertemuan Evalausi Program MDGs Bidang Kesehatan Tahun Anggaran 2015

Wisma Yaki, Mamuju, 29-30 Juni 2015 1

Post 2015 SDGs

• Lifting people out of poverty and protecting the planet’s resources two sides of the same coin.

• UN system goal next two years: support Member States arrive at one single and cohesive development agenda for a post-2015 era with sustainable development (SDGs) at its core to realize a future with prosperity for all.

• The Post 2015 SDGs will go beyond aid and will address three pillars of Sustainable Development: Economic, Social, Environmental

Post 2015 SDGs

• Balance economic, social and environmental goals and targets

• Expand MDG agenda: poverty, food, land, jobs, youth, health, population dynamics, water, sanitation, energy, growth, trade, vulnerable countries, cities, transport, SCP, forests, oceans, biodiversity, finance, technology

• Possible new time horizon 2015 to 2030

Stocktaking ahead of setting the Post 2015 Development Agenda:

• Mixed record on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): improved quality of life of billions, but did not focus enough on reaching the very poorest and most excluded people (as per HL Panel Report on Post2015)

• MDGs did not integrate economic, social and environmental goals; were largely social in focus

• MDGs did focus attention and action on key challenges, rallied world behind common approach to development

• Much unfinished work to address extreme poverty and hunger, preventable disease and deaths, rising inequalities and environmental crises, particularly climate change

• Most MDG targets still achievable by 2015: build momentum into 2015 and beyond

• Centrepiece of post-2015 development agenda: sustainable development goals (SDGs) to build on MDGs, address inequalities and new challenges facing people and the planet.

Stocktaking ahead of setting the Post 2015 Development Agenda:

• Mixed record on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): improved quality of life of billions, but did not focus enough on reaching the very poorest and most excluded people (as per HL Panel Report on Post2015)

• MDGs did not integrate economic, social and environmental goals; were largely social in focus

• MDGs did focus attention and action on key challenges, rallied world behind common approach to development

• Much unfinished work to address extreme poverty and hunger, preventable disease and deaths, rising inequalities and environmental crises, particularly climate change

• Most MDG targets still achievable by 2015: build momentum into 2015 and beyond

• Centrepiece of post-2015 development agenda: sustainable development goals (SDGs) to build on MDGs, address inequalities and new challenges facing people and the planet.

From the MDGs to the SDGs

• SDGs: provide concrete and simple form to post 2015 development agenda

• SDGs: concentrate, galvanize action• SDGs: provide for a new commitment period – coming

decades• SDGs: new global partnerships and voluntary commitments

(1,382 since Rio+20), innovative finance• SDGs: broader people and planet goals than MDGs, bolder

targets, more national differentiation (Rio principles)• SDGs/P2015: draw on inputs of all stakeholders

History of the MDGs• International Development Goals (IDGs) emerged from a series of international

conferences (e.g. gender, children, health, education and population) in the 1990s.• In 2000, the Millennium Declaration was adopted but did not contain the MDGs in

their present form. In 2001, a team of UN experts created the MDGs with indicators, without any inter-governmental process.

“I and several of [Kofi Annan’s] staff literally went into the proverbial windowless committee room and wrote the MDGs. I have spent many a year since wishing I had taken a little more time to write them as I might have made them slightly more inclusive and polished.”

- (Mark Malloch Brown, former UNDP Administrator, Feb 2011)• Mainly European donors supported the MDGs, while the MDGs faced strong

opposition and skepticism from many governments as well as Northern and Southern NGOs for the initial five years. By the latter half of the decade, the MDGs had gained traction and became an important organizing principle for a large number of development actors.

Strengths of the MDG Framework• The limited number of goals and targets on which there is global

consensus and through which popular support and political action can be mobilised.

• Useful leverage for increased aid volumes. (i.e. Millennium Project’s estimated resource requirement became the target for G8 in Gleneagles in 2005.)

• Focused aid on the social sectors in general and on some specific areas, such as primary education and child health.

• Useful vehicle for CSOs to hold their governments to account for the public promise.

• MDGs encouraged the collection of better data to assess their progress.

Weaknesses of the MDG Framework

• Lack of participation in the formulation process• Masking inequalities by focusing on the global and national averages. • Lack of commitments by rich countries with the Goal 8 without specific

quantified targets or dates• MDGs left out some key issues of importance to development (e.g. climate

change, conflict, security, disability)

Mid Point and the Way Forward

• Context: Economic and Financial Crisis; worsening peace and security;

impending energy and fuel crisis

• Review of the MDG progress at a High Level Meeting in the UN General

Assembly, 2010

• Secretary General’s report “Keeping the Promise” – roadmap and call to

action for MDG acceleration

• Secretary General’s 2011 report on MDG progress and key considerations

for a new agenda post 2015

Globally, mechanisms have been put in place to support the post 2015 development debate

• UN High Level Panel of Eminent Persons, and 23 panel members appointed by the SG to advise him on post-2015 agenda.

• UNDP and UNDESA requested by SG to establish a group of technical experts to coordinate the assessment of system-wide efforts, and propose a unified version and road -map for a post 2015 development agenda, in consultation with all stakeholders

• Rio + 20: High-level inter-governmental working group to report to the SG on Sustainable Development Goals

It was further agreed that SDGs must be:

• Action-oriented• Concise• Easy to communicate• Limited in number• Aspirational• Global in nature• Universally applicable to all countries while taking into

account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities.

The outcome document further specifies that the development of SDGs should:

• Be useful for pursuing focused and coherent action on sustainable development

• Contribute to the achievement of sustainable development

• Serve as a driver for implementation and mainstreaming of sustainable development in the UN system as a whole

• Address and be focused on priority areas for the achievement of sustainable development

POST MDGs 2015

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