PERSONALITYPERSONALITYPrepared by: Shweta Dixit (C25)Prepared by: Shweta Dixit (C25)

Sakshi Sethi (C26)Sakshi Sethi (C26) Anshul Garg (C27)Anshul Garg (C27) Versha Rawat (C34)Versha Rawat (C34) Monika Sharma (C55)Monika Sharma (C55)

How would you describe it?How would you describe it?

Is it inherited?Is it inherited? Are you more like your mom or dad?Are you more like your mom or dad?

Does it change over time?Does it change over time?

Does it change depending on who you are Does it change depending on who you are with?with?

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

According to Gordon Allport’ “Personality is According to Gordon Allport’ “Personality is the dynamic organization within the the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychological systems individual of those psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to his that determine his unique adjustment to his environment.”environment.”

According to Fred Luthans, “Personality According to Fred Luthans, “Personality means how a person affects other and how means how a person affects other and how he understands and views himself as well as he understands and views himself as well as the pattern of inner and outer measurable the pattern of inner and outer measurable traits, and the personality interaction.”traits, and the personality interaction.”

What is Personality?What is Personality?What is Personality?What is Personality?

Personality TraitsPersonality TraitsPersonality TraitsPersonality Traits

Sixteen Primary Traits

Sixteen Primary Traits

PERSONALITY DETERMINANTSPERSONALITY DETERMINANTS

1. Biological Factors1. Biological Factors HeredityHeredity BrainBrain Physical FeaturesPhysical Features2. Family and social factors2. Family and social factors3. Situational Factors3. Situational Factors4. Other Factors4. Other Factors TemperamentTemperament InterestInterest CharacterCharacter SchemaSchema MotivesMotives

How much of your personality was developed, learned, strengthened over time?

Socialization trains us how to act in relationship to others. Parents are our first teachers.

How much of personality is based on genetics?

DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

1.1. Freudian Stage TheoryFreudian Stage Theory The Id – It is the source of psychic energy and seeks immediate – It is the source of psychic energy and seeks immediate

gratification for biological or instinctual needs. Freud believed that gratification for biological or instinctual needs. Freud believed that instincts could be classified under life instincts. As an individual instincts could be classified under life instincts. As an individual matures, he learns to control the id. But even then, it remains a matures, he learns to control the id. But even then, it remains a driving force throughout life and an important source of thinking driving force throughout life and an important source of thinking and behaving.and behaving.

The Ego – It is the conscious and logical part of the human – It is the conscious and logical part of the human personality and is associated with the reality principle. While id personality and is associated with the reality principle. While id represents the unconscious pert, ego is conscious about the represents the unconscious pert, ego is conscious about the realities of the external environment. The ego keeps the id realities of the external environment. The ego keeps the id checked through intellect and reason.checked through intellect and reason.

The Super-Ego – It represents societal and personal norms and – It represents societal and personal norms and serves as an ethical constraint on behavior. It can be best serves as an ethical constraint on behavior. It can be best described as a conscience. It provides norms to ego to determine described as a conscience. It provides norms to ego to determine what is wrong or right. what is wrong or right.

Continued….Continued….

2. Erikson Social Stages2. Erikson Social Stages Infancy Infancy Early ChildhoodEarly Childhood Play AgePlay Age School AgeSchool Age AdolescenceAdolescence Young AdulthoodYoung Adulthood AdulthoodAdulthood Mature AdulthoodMature Adulthood

THE BIG FIVE MODELTHE BIG FIVE MODEL

ExtroversionExtroversion AgreeablenessAgreeableness ConscientiousnessConscientiousness Emotional StabilityEmotional Stability Openness to experienceOpenness to experience

The Myers-Briggs Type The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorIndicator

The Myers-Briggs Type The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorIndicator

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

MBTI is one of the most widely used personality frameworks which has no hard evidence as valid measure of personality.

Preferences Represents

Extraversion Introversion How one re-energizes

Sensing Intuiting How one gathers information

Thinking Feeling How one makes decisions

Judging Perceiving How one orients to the outer world

Myers-Briggs, ContinuedMyers-Briggs, ContinuedMyers-Briggs, ContinuedMyers-Briggs, Continued

A Myers-Briggs scoreA Myers-Briggs score Can be a valuable too for self-Can be a valuable too for self-

awareness and career guidanceawareness and career guidance

BUTBUT Should notShould not be used as a selection tool be used as a selection tool

because it has not been related to job because it has not been related to job performance!!! performance!!!

Personality Attributes Influencing Personality Attributes Influencing OBOB

Locus Of ControlLocus Of Control MachiavellianismMachiavellianism Self-EsteemSelf-Esteem Self-MonitoringSelf-Monitoring Risk-TakingRisk-Taking Type A and B personalityType A and B personality Pro-active PersonalityPro-active Personality

Locus of ControlInternal External

I control what happens to me!

People and circumstances

control my fate!

MachiavellianismMachiavellianismMachiavellianismMachiavellianism

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction

• Minimal rules and regulations

• Distracting emotions

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction

• Minimal rules and regulations

• Distracting emotions

Self-EsteemFeelings of Self Worth

Success tendsto increaseself-esteem

Failure tendsto decreaseself-esteem

Self-MonitoringBehavior based on cues from people & situations

High self monitorsHigh self monitors flexible: adjust flexible: adjust

behavior according behavior according to the situation and to the situation and the behavior of the behavior of othersothers

can appear can appear unpredictable & unpredictable & inconsistentinconsistent

Low self monitorsLow self monitors act from internal act from internal

states rather than states rather than from situational cuesfrom situational cues

show consistencyshow consistency less likely to respond less likely to respond

to work group norms to work group norms or supervisory or supervisory feedbackfeedback

Low-self monitors

High-self monitors

Get promoted

Change employers

Make a job-related geographic move

Accomplish tasks, meet other’s expectations, seek out central positions in social networks

Self-promote

Demonstrate higher levels of managerial self-awareness; base behavior on other’s

cues and the situation

Risk-TakingRisk-TakingRisk-TakingRisk-Taking High Risk-taking ManagersHigh Risk-taking Managers

Make quicker decisions.Make quicker decisions. Use less information to make decisions.Use less information to make decisions. Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial

organizations.organizations. Low Risk-taking ManagersLow Risk-taking Managers

Are slower to make decisions.Are slower to make decisions. Require more information before making decisions.Require more information before making decisions. Exist in larger organizations with stable Exist in larger organizations with stable

environments.environments. Risk PropensityRisk Propensity

Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job requirements should be beneficial to organizations.requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

Personality TypesPersonality TypesPersonality TypesPersonality Types

Personality TypesPersonality TypesPersonality TypesPersonality Types

Personality TypesPersonality TypesPersonality TypesPersonality Types

Proactive Personality

Identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs.

Creates positive change in the environment, regardless or even in spite of constraints or obstacles.

Thank You…..Thank You…..