performance through engineering extended reach/horizontal drilling solutions extended reach /...

Performance Through Engineering

Extended Reach/Horizontal Drilling Solutions

EX

TE

ND

ED

RE

AC

H /

HO

RIZ

ON

TAL

DR

ILLI

NG


Pay Zone

Deliver• Lowest cost/bbl

of oil produced

Maximum Production

• Minimum damage• drill-in• cleanup• completion

• Teamwork

Lowest Cost per Foot• Planning,

benchmarking,

evaluation• Fastest ROP• No unscheduled events• No LTA or

environmental

incidents• Flawless execution• Teamwork

Commercial and Technical Issues




Technical Challenges:

Drilling:• Reaching Targets• Wellbore Stability• Cementing

Completion:• Production Techniques• Formation Damage

Issues


Fluids Related Issues and Challenges:

• Hole cleaning and suspension

• Wellbore stability

• Non-damaging fluid through the payzone



M-I has the systems, technology, and the facilities to meet the fluid needs for Extended Reach/Horizontal Drilling, including:


Expert hole-cleaning technology

Barite sag prevention

FLO-PRO® drill-In systems

EXIT


0 30 60 90

Inclination

Difficulty

I II III IV

The ability to clean and maintain stable wellbores becomescritical when hole angles exceed 30 degrees inclinationand higher.

Hole Cleaning Issues


• Stuck Pipe• Lost Circulation• Torque and Drag• Poor Cement Jobs• Loss of Well

Control• High Costs• Loss of Well

• Stuck Pipe• Lost Circulation• Torque and Drag• Poor Cement Jobs• Loss of Well

Control• High Costs• Loss of Well

Problems Related to Poor Solids Transport

M-I flow loop studiesinvestigate the reasonsfor poor cleaning

M-I flow loop analysiscan predict fluids thatprevent problems

Computer analysis cansimulate variable conditionsto predict optimum properties

M-I is a leader in extended reach/horizontal fluid design



TemperaturePressure

Eccentricity

R600 .. R3

Diameter

Pipe OD, ID,TJ AngleCuttings bed

Density

Rotation

Velocity

Length

M-I understands each wellbore elementthat affects hole cleaning behavior and adjusts fluid properties and recommendspractices to maximize hole cleaning ability.



Viscosity ProfileSynthetic Carrier Low Temperature Study

0

5

10

15

20

25

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Temperature, °F

Ap

pa

ren

t V

isc

os

ity,

cp

s

Ester-Based Fluids

Olefin-Based Fluids

M-I has performed extensive research on water-base, oil-base, and synthetic-basefluid behavior to provide the ideal fluid for the right project


Back


Barite Sag

BARITE SAGIN

HIGH-ANGLE AND EXTENDED-REACH WELLS

Barite bed formed in an inclined wellbore

Barite ‘Sag’ is a physical phenomenonthat occurs in high-angle wells. M-Ihas investigated its cause and prevention. Sag in fluids has not truly been understood and has led to severe well problems.


Barite Sag

Clarified Fluid

Suspension Zone

Sag (Sediment) Bed

Slump

Boycott Settlingof Barite and Cuttings

Barite sag is caused by:• Dynamic settling• Static settling• Slumping

Barite sag must be addressed by the overall drilling process


Barite Sag

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175

Circulating Time (min)

Mud Weight Out (lb/gal)

15.5

16

16.5

17

17.5

18Mud Weight In = 16 lb/gal

Samples from Shaker Underflow

Baseline Weight

A primary indication of sag:Variation in mud density whilecirculating bottoms up after a trip or logging/ casing run


Barite Sag

Barite sag bed, seen from bottom

• Annular velocity and pipe movement are key operational considerations

• Elevated low-shear-rate viscosity and suspension are key mud adjustments

• Barite sag can be minimized, but not totally eliminated

• Well Type - ERD wells most critical, especially for small margin between pore pressure and fracture gradient

• Well Environment - Temperature and pressure effects critical for mud design

• Angle/Profile - Sag occurs at angles >30°, but recent tests show 60-75° critical

M-I has determined the keys issues that cause sag in fluids:


Barite Sag

M-I has determined the keys issues that cause sag in fluids (cont.):

• Mud Type - Sag occurs in all types, but OBM and SBM are problems• Mud Weight - Sag occurs > 12 ppg. Above this weight, insensitive to density• Rheology - Elevated low-shear-rate viscosity greatly reduces sag• Weight Material - Sag depends on specific gravity and particle size

• Rotary vs. Sliding - Sag worst when sliding. Pipe rotation helpful, especially when eccentric

• Rotary Wiper Trips - Reduce sag in between periods of extended sliding

• Time - Sag increases with time. For excessive time, consider staging in holeSag Bed

Back


FLO-PRO®

FLO-PRO

Rheology engineered, non-damagingDrill-In fluid for horizontal and deviated wells


FLO-PRO®

FLO-PRO fluids possess a unique rheological behavior to completely eliminate cuttings bed formation.

FLO-PRO’s main constituents, FLO-VIS® and FLO-TROL®, are designed to be non-damaging and allow for easy wellbore cleanup, maximizing production.


FLO-PRO®

ROP

Wellbore stability

Hole cleaning

Solids removal

Lubricity

Inhibition

Formation damage

Clay hydration

Fines migration

Incompatible water

Solids plugging

Emulsions

Drilling Completion

FLO-PRO Drill-In Fluids are designed for optimum drilling and maximum productivity. These systems are engineered to handle :


FLO-PRO®

0 5 10 15 20 25 30-50

-25

0

25

50

Velocity, ft/min

Tube Diam., %

Nominal Velocity = 16 fpm

3# FLO-VIS

2# FLO-VIS

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

5

10

15

20

25

30

Time, min.

Gel Strength

Time-Independent Behavior

Typical Time-Dependent Behavior of Clay-Based Fluids

FLO-PRO systems are specially designedwith time independent viscoelastic properties to achieve ultimate suspension and cutting-removal performance. We use specializedtesting equipment to ensure performance.

Velocity profile ofFLO-PRO fluids


FLO-PRO®

Sandstone

FLO-TROLCalcium Carbonate Filtrate

FLO-PRO systems are formulated to minimize formationdamage by selectively using the proper components fora specific reservoir.

FLO-PRO Components

FLO-VIS® - clarified biopolymer for viscosity

FLO-TROL® - special, modified starch for filtration

SAFE-CARB™ - “sized” carbonate bridging agent

Non-damaging, easily removed FLO-PRO filter cake


FLO-PRO®

NaCl, KCl, Heavy BrinesFLO-VIS®

Caustic, KOHFLO-TROL®

SAFE-CARB™

LUBE 167™, LUBE-100®

KLA-CURE®, KLA-GARD®

De

nsi

ty

Rh

eo

log

y

Su

spe

nsi

on

Filt

rati

on

Alk

alin

ity

Lu

bri

cit

y

Inh

ibit

ion

Tem

p.S

tab

.

11 1

1

111

11

2

22

FLO-PRO DESIGN CHART

FLO-PRO can be designed to meetall drill-in targets


FLO-PRO® Density Ranges

8.4 9.4 10.4 11.4 12.4 13.4 14.4 15.4

Freshwater

KCl

NaCl

NaBr

K-52

CaCl2

K-Formate

Field Brines

Density, ppg

Possible

Optimum


F L

O

-

P

R

O

FLO-PRO®

Hundreds of wells have already utilized and received the benefits of using FLO--PRO. Outstanding results have been achieved, including:• Maximized ROP• Reduced Drilling Costs• Improved Production• Easier Completions• Reduced Environmental

Concerns

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performance through engineering extended reach/horizontal drilling solutions extended reach /...

Documents

sag weight material

cuttingsbarite sag

mud type sag

mud designangleprofile

problems mud weight

sliding sag worst

primary indication of

key mud adjustmentsbarite