people of the enlightenment -1600s & 1700s locke hobbes montesquieu rousseau voltaire name from...
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People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
Locke
Hobbes
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
Name From Wrote Main Ideas
Locke
-People are naturally good willed and reasonable-Observation: gov’t exists to “preserve life, liberty, & property”-Hypothesis: governments exist to serve the people and protect their rights
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: England
Wrote: Two Treatises on Government
Hobbes
-People are naturally selfish and prone to evil-Observation: Life without gov’t is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.”-Hypothesis: Absolute gov’t needed to control evil behavior
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: England
Wrote: Leviathan
Montesquieu
-Observation: “When the legislature & executive are united in the same person, there is no liberty (freedom)”-Hypothesis: Gov’t must have “Separation of Powers” -- 3 branches
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: France
Wrote: The Spirit of Laws
Rousseau
-People’s naturally good instincts are corrupted by society-Observation: “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”-Hypothesis:Direct democracy is the best form of government -people should be ruled by the majority
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: France
Wrote: The Social Contract
Voltaire
-Observation:Authority (church, government, nobility) should be questioned
-Hypothesis: Freedom of speech & religion, separation of church & state
-“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. “
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: France
KEY IDEAS
• Humans are unique because they have the ability to reason
• This ability should be used to solve problems and improve lives
• Reason will free us from superstition and unfair government
• Just like science has natural laws, so does human behavior
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
Locke
Hobbes
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
England
England
France
France
France
-Observation: gov’t exists to “preserve life, liberty, & property”- People can rebel if government does not protect their rights-Hypothesis: people are shaped by their environment-Observation: Life without gov’t is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.”-Hypothesis: Absolute gov’t needed to control evil behavior (not divine right)
-Observation: “When the legislature & executive are united in the same person, there is no liberty (freedom)”-Hypothesis: Gov’t must have “Separation of Powers” -- 3 branches
-Observation: “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”-Hypothesis: Gov’t is contract between people & rulers. -Hypothesis: people should be sovereign (rule)
-Observation: Life is better with liberty -Hypothesis: Freedom of speech & religion, separation of church & state -“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. “
Name From Wrote Main IdeasTwo
Treatises on Gov’t
Leviathan
The Spirit of Laws
The Social Contract