I(=( HNLI>GLDR

-/;97787/24 94. 0/;277/4

=B> LN<A> G:<A P:AKA>BM

75124< :/63,0 -,7/3

:ki Z[c >d]b_iY^[dled Keb\ A( @b[_Y^cWdd

<BI'Dkhpj_j[bWk\dW^c[ Z[h =[kjiY^[d ;_Xb_ej^[a

6RPNCLPIV! 7CQCO +#%;[mkiiji[_d kdZ @[m_ii[d4 Z( LkY^[ dWY^ PW^h^[_j)I(=( Hkif[diao( ":ki Z( >d]b( led Keb\@b[_Y^cWdd#( ' ;Wi[b4 Lf^_dn'O[hbW]& +32,(Hh_](':ki]( k(Z(M(4 Hkif[diao& I[j[h =(4<ediY_[dY[BL;G -'2/3+.'+.+'.

+32,w +32, Lf^_dn O[hbW] ;Wi[b:bb[ Z[kjiY^[d K[Y^j[ lehX[^Wbj[dHh_]_dWbj_j[b4 <ediY_[dY[w +313 Kekjb[Z][ D[]Wd IWkb& EedZedNciY^bW]][ijWbjkd]4 M^ecWi ;[hjiY^_NciY^bW]X_bZ4 ;[Wj ?hWdaIheZkaj_ed4 <^Whb[i Ak]k[d_d@[iWcj^[hij[bbkd]4 SeXh_ij Ae\ ,0 IhWjj[bdIh_dj[Z _d Lm_jp[hbWdZBL;G -'2/3+.'+.+'.

KUS` g`V :WSdTW[fg`Y4<Wd N[WdfW OWY

?gdV\[WXX CdW[e KfgffYSdf,*+,

2ID=GM

>_d\u^hkd] 1>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d +3LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j /1>_][dm_bb[ 3/G[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ +,-;[c[hakd][d pkh :hX[_j +.-

/EIBEEDKNIC

P[dd cWd i_Y^ [_d[c Z[h led I(=( Hkif[diao l[ht\\[djb_Y^j[dP[ha[ ds^[hj& led :COQGRK 6OE?LRK "pk[hij _d KkiibWdZ _cCW^h[ +3+, ^[hWki][][X[d& ifsj[h uX[hi[jpj kdZ +3,* _d >d]bWdZl[ht\\[djb_Y^j kdZ i[_j^[h l_[b[ FWb[ d[k Wk\][b[]j# X_i pk Z_[i[hd[k[d LWccbkd] akhp[h :hX[_j[d& ie _ij [i m_Y^j_]& i_Y^ pkl[h][][dmshj_][d& ZWii Hkif[diao i[bXij m[d_] O[hjhWk[d _d ZWi][iY^h_[X[d[ Pehj Wbi lehhWd]_][ F[j^eZ[ pkh >hbWd]kd] Z[hPW^h^[_j ][i[jpj ^Wjj[( G_Y^j ZWii yHz "m_[ _^d F_j]b_[Z[hi[_d[i Dh[_i[i kdj[h[_dWdZ[h dWddj[d# ;_bZkd] kdZ ZWi O[hbWd'][d dWY^ Sk]Wd] pk P_ii[d _c ][h_d]ij[d l[hWY^j[j ^sjj[(Hkif[diao mWh i[bXij [_d kd[hisjjb_Y^[h WX[h ah_j_iY^[h E[i[h&kdZ _c :bj[h led i[Y^i CW^h[d bWi [h [hijcWbi Mkh][d`[m ' _d ie`kd][d CW^h[d [_d abWh[h A_dm[_i Wk\ i[_d Wkii[h][mt^db_Y^[iMWb[dj( F_j pmtb\ CW^h[d ^Wjj[ [h Z[d ]htiij[d M[_b Z[h _^cpk]sd]b_Y^[d dWjkhm_ii[diY^W\jb_Y^[d kdZ fioY^ebe]_iY^[d E_j['hWjkh l[hiY^bkd][d( :bi [h i[Y^p[^d mWh& ^Wjj[ [h i_Y^ bWkj[_][d[c S[k]d_i [djiY^beii[d& a[_d[d e\\_p_[bb[d :XiY^bkii pk[hm[hX[d& iedZ[hd i[_d[ LjkZ_[d Wk\ `[d[ :if[aj[ Z[i P_ii[dipk aedp[djh_[h[d& Z_[ Wkii[h^WbX kdZ uX[h Z[d jhWZ_j_ed[bb[dP_ii[di][X_[j[d ijWdZ[d( y=_[ Ihe\[iieh[d jtj[d Z_[ P_ii[d'iY^W\jz& iW]j[ [h& y][dWkie& m_[ Z_[ Ih_[ij[h Z_[ K[b_]_ed jtj[d(zL[_d[c >cf\_dZ[d dWY^ ]_d] a[_d[ Z[h [jWXb_[hj[d P_ii[diY^W\'j[d _d Z[h >h\ehiY^kd] WdZ[h[h =_c[di_ed[d& Z_[ [i ][m_ii ]WX&m[_j ][dk]5 i_[ Xb_[X[d _c yb[[h[d KWkcz ij[^[d& m_[ [h i_Y^WkiZhuYaj[(Hkif[diaoi ifsj[h[h P_Z[hm_bb[& i_Y^ Wk\ ZWi ][iY^h_[X[d[

Pehj Wbi F_jj[b& P_ii[d m[_j[hpk][X[d& pk l[hbWii[d& X[hk^j[ Wk\pm[_ AWkfjfkdaj[d& X[_Z[ m[i[djb_Y^[h M[_b Z[i Loij[ci& ZWi[h b[^hj[( >hij[di& Z_[ P_Y^j_]a[_j& Wd Z[h [_][d[d >djm_Yabkd]

c_j kdZ ZkhY^ [_d[ LY^kb[ eZ[h Z[d ijhkajkh_[hj[d Dedj[nj [_d[h@hkff[ pk WhX[_j[d( Hkif[diaoi I^_beief^_[ X[hk^j[ Wk\ Z[hOehij[bbkd]& ZWii Z[h F[diY^ [_d[ FWiY^_d[ _ij& Z_[ i_Y^ _d[_d[c jhWkcs^db_Y^[d& c[Y^Wd_iY^[d SkijWdZ ZkhY^ _^h[ >n_'ij[dp X[m[]j& kdZ ZWii [h& kc i[_d ][iWcj[i Iej[dj_Wb pk [h'iY^b_[ii[d& c_jj[bi Z_ip_fb_d_[hj[h ;[cu^kd][d& yi_Y^ i[_d[h i[bXijpk [h_dd[hdz& [hmWY^[d ckii ' \s^_] pk i[_d& `[Z[hp[_j i[_d[hi[bXij lebb ][mW^h pk m[hZ[d( L_Y^ i[_d[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd _ijiY^m[h kdZ [h\ehZ[hj [_d[ K[_^[ led LY^h_jj[d _d [_d[h X[ij_cc'j[d ?eb][ pkiWcc[d c_j Z[h A_b\[ [_d[h LY^kb[5 Z_[ ct]b_Y^[;[be^dkd] _ij ZWi >hbWd][d eX`[aj_l[d ;[mkiiji[_di c_jj[biL[bXij'LjkZ_kci& Dedjhebb[ kdZ NcmWdZbkd] d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[(=_[i _ij [_d [hmWY^j[h SkijWdZ& _d Z[c [_d F[diY^& led i[_d[cSkijWdZ Z[i PWY^'LY^bW\i X[\h[_j& \s^_] _ij& Z_[ ^t^[h[ P_hab_Y^'a[_j "y[iej[h_iY^[i P_ii[dz# mW^hpkd[^c[d& Z_[ _^c _d i[_d[c][mt^db_Y^[d& kd[djm_Ya[bj[d L[_dipkijWdZ l[hXeh][d _ij( =[hLY^buii[b pk Wbb Z_[i[c X_bZ[j dWjuhb_Y^ Z_[ :hX[_j _dd[h^WbX Z[hLY^kb[& Z_[ Wk\ Z[c Ih_dp_f X[hk^j& ZWii Z_[ >djm_Yabkd] ledP_ii[d kdZ ZWi PWY^i[d Z[i L[_di ][c[_diWc pkc h[Y^j[dO[hij[^[d \ehjiY^h[_j[d cuii[d( Bc Ndj[hiY^_[Z pk l_[b[d WdZ['h[d Loij[c[d aWdd ZWi`[d_][ led Hkif[diao Z[c >_dp[bd[d d_Y^jWbb[_d c_jj[bi Dedj[cfbWj_ed >h\eb] Xh_d][d eZ[h b[Z_]b_Y^ ZkhY^:dm[dZ[d Z[h _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d ?s^_]a[_j[d pkc O[hij[^[d \u^'h[d( :ki Z_[i[c @hkdZ X[jedj[ Hkif[diao i[_d E[X[d bWd]& ZWiiyZWi Loij[c Wki a[_d[c ;kY^ [hb[hdj m[hZ[d aWddz( HXme^b][b[][djb_Y^ DWf_j[b Wki i[_d[c ;kY^ (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK

=RLBCO@?OCL% 7COPNCIQGSCL BCO 9CJ@PQCOD?FORLE RLB =CJQCOICLLQ"

LGP sbj[h[d F_j]b_[Z[hd i[_d[h EedZed[h @hkff[d bWkj leh][b[i[dmkhZ[d& ][iY^W^ Z_[i d_Y^j dkh pkh :dh[]kd] led =_iakii_ed[d&iedZ[hd WkY^& kc ZWi G_l[Wk kdZ Z_[ Bdj[di_jsj Z[h khifhud]b_'Y^[d hkii_iY^[d @hkff[ pk Z[cedijh_[h[d( ?eb]b_Y^ atddj[d Wbb[;uY^[h Hkif[diaoi [^[h Wbi >_d\u^hkd] _d Z_[ :hX[_j Z[i Loij[ciZ[dd Wbi yK[_i[\u^h[hz Wd][i[^[d m[hZ[d& c_j Z[h[d A_b\[ i_Y^Z_[i[ :hX[_j kdj[hd[^c[d b_[ii[(=[h pm[_j[ AWkfjfkdaj \uh Hkif[diaoi Sm[_\[b Wc P[hj led

;uY^[hd Wbi E[^h'F_jj[b mWh i[_d [_][d[h X[jhsY^jb_Y^[h K[if[aj

leh Z[h FWY^j Z[i Pehj[i( :bi ^[hlehhW][dZ[h CekhdWb_ij _c leh'h[lebkj_edsh[d KkiibWdZ ^Wjj[ Hkif[diao i[_d[d E[X[dikdj[h'^Wbj c_j Z[c Pehj l[hZ_[dj kdZ mWh i_Y^ ieme^b Z[ii[d P_ha'iWca[_j Wbi WkY^ Z[h LY^m_[h_]a[_j [i pk ^WdZ^WX[d& X[mkiij(:k\ [_d[c ;bWjj me^b pkiWcc[d][ij[bbj[ Pehj[ atdd[d [_d[d@[ZWda[d l[hc_jj[bd& m_[ [i Z_[ ][mt^db_Y^[ K[Z[ d_Y^j l[h'cW]5 WdZ[h[hi[_ji aWdd [_d c_dZ[h lebbaecc[d ][iY^h_[X[d[hLWjp& [X[d ZkhY^ i[_d[ O[hiY^mecc[d^[_j& c[^h l[hX[h][d Wbi[dj^ubb[d( Hkif[diao mWh i_Y^ Z[h P_Y^j_]a[_j Z[i h_Y^j_][dPehj[i _c h_Y^j_][d Dedj[nj ie X[mkiij& ZWii [h e\jcWbi [_dFWdkiah_fj m_[Z[h kdZ m_[Z[h uX[hWhX[_j[j[& mWi dWY^ :X'iY^bkii Z[h [hij[d ?Wiikd] CW^h[ X[WdifhkY^j[( >_d jof_iY^[i;[_if_[b _ij i[_d[ Gel[bb[ 9QO?LEC 3GDC MD 0S?L 6PMIGL! +3*/][iY^h_[X[d& WX[h [hij +3+/ l[ht\\[djb_Y^j( O[hiY^_[Z[d[ i[_d[h;uY^[h& [_diY^b_[iib_Y^ Z[i X[aWddj[d (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK

=RLBCO@?OCL! ^Wjj[ [h uX[h^Wkfj d_[ pkh O[ht\\[djb_Y^kd] \h[_'][][X[d( (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK =RLBCO@?OCL [hiY^_[d WbiFWdkiah_fj X[h[_ji +3,/& mkhZ[ _d Z[d Zh[_ii_][h CW^h[d Z[dF_j]b_[Z[hd i[_d[h EedZed[h @hkff[ bWkj leh][b[i[d& ZkhY^b_[\[_d[ :dpW^b K[l_i_ed[d kdZ mWh X[_ Hkif[diaoi MeZ _c CW^h[+3.1 _cc[h deY^ kdl[ht\\[djb_Y^j(E[kj[& Z_[ Hkif[diao ]kj aWddj[d kdZ Wd i[_d[d Mh[\\[d e\j

j[_bdW^c[d& [h_dd[hd Wd Z[d GWY^ZhkYa& Z[d [h Wk\ Z_[ PW^b Z[ifWii[dZ[d Pehj[i b[]j[& kc [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d SkijWdZ pk Z[\_'d_[h[d& Wd i[_d[ P[_][hkd]& i_Y^ c_j h[b_]_ti[c kdZ f^_beief^_'iY^[c CWh]ed [_dpkbWii[d iem_[ Wd i[_d[ abWh[ >ha[ddjd_i& ZWii`[Z[ ;[^Wkfjkd] _^h[ ;[Z[kjkd] l[hb_[hj& m[dd i_[ Wki _^h[cSkiWcc[d^Wd] ][decc[d m_hZ( >_d[h i[_d[h [^[cWb_][d LY^u'b[h [habshj[& ZWii [h& m[dd `[cWdZ [_d[ ?hW][ c_j yFh( Hkif[di'ao iW]j[ b[jpj[ PeY^[ ((( z X[]Wdd& i_Y^ Z_[ ?hW][ pk >dZ[Wd^thj[ kdZ ZWdd \hW]j[& yWX[h _d m[bY^[c SkiWcc[d^Wd]iW]j[ _Y^ ZWi9z L_[ [h_dd[hd i_Y^ WkY^ i[_d[i K[if[aj[i leh Z[hh[Y^j [hiY^h[Ya[dZ[d :kjeh_jsj Z[i l[ht\\[djb_Y^j[d Pehj[i 'ZWi ^[_iij leh Z[h :kii_Y^j& ZWii [_d[ I^_beief^_[& [_dcWb _d[_d[c ;kY^ \[ij][^Wbj[d& @[\W^h bsk\j& ZWh_d X[[hZ_]j& HX`[aj[dZbei[h :dWboi[ eZ[h Wbi >lWd][b_kc ][decc[d pk m[hZ[d& ie

ZWii i_[ ie jej m_hZ m_[ Z_[ @[i[jp[ Z[h F[Z[h kdZ I[hi[h( =W^[hHkif[diaoi >ha[ddjd_i& m_[ h_iaWdj Z_[ >djiY^[_Zkd] _ij& [_d;kY^ pk l[ht\\[djb_Y^[d kdZ i[_d[ Oehi_Y^j ^_di_Y^jb_Y^ Z[i>djiY^bkii[i& i[_d [_][d[i P[ha pm_iY^[d \[ij[d =[Ya[bd pki[^[d(Hkif[diao mWh [_d F[_ij[h ieme^b Z[i ][ifheY^[d[d Wbi WkY^

Z[i ][iY^h_[X[d[d Pehj[i( >h mWh _d [hij[h E_d_[ [_d E[^h[h& kdZZ_[ \ud\ :hX[_j[d _d Z_[i[c ab[_d[d ;WdZ i_dZ d_Y^j ZWi IheZkaj[_d[i FWdd[i& Z[h pkhuYa][pe][d [_d[ LjkZ_[ l[h\Wiij& iedZ[hdZWi&[_d[i E[^h[hi& Z[h [_d Loij[c led @[ZWda[d [hbskj[hj& Z_[dkh c_jj[bi X[iedd[d[h ?hW][d i[_j[di i[_d[h Sk^th[h kdZ _^h[iWk\h_Y^j_][d PkdiY^[i pk b[hd[d Wbbcs^b_Y^ ][muhZ_]j kdZ h_Y^'j_] l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[d aeddj[d( L[Y^ikdZpmWdp_] CW^h[ bWd]"+3,+'.1# b[_j[j[ Hkif[diao Mh[\\[d& X[_ Z[d[d E[kj[& Z_[ WdZ[h :hX[_j c_j Z[c Loij[c _dj[h[ii_[hj mWh[d& [_d[ ]hkdZb[][d'Z[ Oehb[ikd] ^th[d kdZ ZWdd Z[h[d ;[Z[kjkd] \uh i_Y^ i[bXijabsh[d aeddj[d& _dZ[c i_[ fhsp_i[ ?hW][d ij[bbj[d "Z_[ h_Y^j_][?ehckb_[hkd] [_d[h ?hW][ mWh m_Y^j_][h M[_b Z[h L[bXij'SkY^j&Z_[ Hkif[diao \ehZ[hj[#( P_[ i_Y^ [_d[i Z[h F_j]b_[Z[h ledyHz!i Dh[_i [h_dd[hj4

=_[ Oehjhs][ i_dZ \uh _^d [_dcWb mtY^[djb_Y^ uX[h [_d[dS[_jhWkc led Zh[_ FedWj[d @hkff[d led i[Y^p_] eZ[h i_[Xp_]E[kj[d leh][b[i[d mehZ[d( =_[ Mh[\\[d ZWk[hj[d pm[_ Ljkd'Z[d5 ][mt^db_Y^ mkhZ[ X[_ `[Z[c Mh[\\[d [_d[ ^WbX[ E[aj_ed][b[i[d& kdZ ZWdd mkhZ[ ZWpk [_d][bWZ[d& ?hW][d pk ij[bb[d&Z_[ Hkif[diao i[bXij X[Wdjmehj[j[ ((( Oed Z[d c[_ij[d Mh[\'\[d Hkif[diaoi mkhZ[d ij[de]hW\_iY^[ :k\p[_Y^dkd][d Wk\'X[mW^hj& kdZ pW^bh[_Y^[ :kipu][ Wki _^d[d mkhZ[d dWY^i[_d[c MeZ[ pkiWcc[d][ij[bbj kdZ Wbi :FC -MROQF =?V _cCW^h[ +3/1 l[ht\\[djb_Y^j( Bd Z_[i[c ;kY^ \_dZ[j i_Y^ l_[bLjkZ_[dcWj[h_Wb((( WX[h Z_[ @ebZathd[h i_dZ iY^m[h ^[hWki'pkf_Ya[d(

=[h lehb_[][dZ[ ;WdZ X[ij[^j Wki \ud\ akhp[d :k\isjp[d& Z_[khifhud]b_Y^ dWY^ Hkif[diaoi MeZ kdZ leh Z[h SkiWcc[dij[b'

b*

bkd] Z[i -MROQF =?V _d Z[d CW^h[d +3/,'+3// Wbi ;uY^[h ]['ZhkYaj mehZ[d i_dZ( =_[ ;uY^[h i_dZ pm[Yai fh_lWj[h O[hj[_bkd]][ZhkYaj mehZ[d ' _d a[_d[c ?Wbb c[^h Wbi Zh[_^kdZ[hj Def_[d 'i_[ aWc[d d_Y^j _d Z[d O[haWk\ kdZ mWh[d X_i ZW^_d \uh Z_[:bb][c[_d^[_j d_Y^j [h^sbjb_Y^(P_[ :FC -MROQF =?V ijWccj Z[h Bd^Wbj Z[h \ud\ ;uY^[h _d

Z_[i[c ;WdZ Wki qkii[hkd][d Hkif[diaoi Wdbsiib_Y^ i[_d[hMh[\\[d5 WdZ[hi Wbi _d Z[h P[_j[ `[d[i ]htii[h[d ;WdZ[i aedp[d'jh_[hj i_Y^ ^_[h `[Z[h >iiWo Wk\ [_d[d m_Y^j_][d E[^hiWjp Z[iLoij[ci& ie ZWii Z_[ y@ebZathd[hz b[_Y^j[h y^[hWki][btijz m[h'Z[d atdd[d( =[h P[hj& Z_[i[ Dedp[fj[ kdj[h Z[d `[m[_b_][d;[]h_\\ ][XhWY^j kdZ pkiWcc[d][ij[bbj pk \_dZ[d& X[ij[^j ZWh_d&ZWii Z_[ :k\isjp[ _di][iWcj Z_[ fhWaj_iY^ fioY^ebe]_iY^[ L[_j[Z[i led Hkif[diao l[hc_jj[bj[d Loij[ci WXZ[Ya[d5 i[fWhWj ]['decc[d& aWdd `[Z[h >iiWo _d [_d[h [_dp_][d L_jpkd] [h\Wiijm[hZ[d kdZ iec_j Wbi yLY^buii[bz Z_[d[d& kc i_Y^ Z[c K[_Y^jkcWd FWj[h_Wb pk ds^[hd& Z[h _d Hkif[diaoi Wki\u^hb_Y^[h[d ;u'Y^[hd [dj^Wbj[d _ij( @htiij[ Leh]\Wbj mWbj[j[ X[_ Z[h :kimW^b ledIWiiW][d Wki :XiY^h_\j[d Z[h Mh[\\[d Hkif[diaoi& kc i_[ Wk\bWd][ L_Y^j ^[hWkipk][X[d kdZ kc O[hp[hhkd] eZ[h :kiiY^cua'akd] Z[h @[ZWda[d Hkif[diaoi pk l[hc[_Z[d( Bd dW^[pk `[Z[c?Wbb[ mkhZ[d Hkif[diaoi Decc[djWh[ ymthjb_Y^z Wk\][p[_Y^'d[j( GWjuhb_Y^ iebbj[ cWd ZWhWd Z[da[d& ZWii Z_[ SkiWcc[d'aud\j[& Wki Z[d[d Z_[ F_jiY^h_\j[d ijWcc[d& i_Y^ uX[h [_d[dS[_jhWkc led dW^[pk Zh[_ii_] CW^h[d [hijh[Ya[d kdZ ZWii Hki'f[diao i[_d[ Oehij[bbkd][d ms^h[dZ Z_[i[h CW^h[ [hm[_j[hj[&l[hj_[\j[ kdZ l[hX[ii[hj[( :kii[hZ[c ^sd]j ZWi lebbijsdZ_][O[hij[^[d [_d_][h ;[]h_\\[& Z_[ _d Z_[i[d :k\isjp[d l[hm[dZ[jmehZ[d i_dZ& led yif[p_[bb[d ;[Z[kjkd][d _d SkiWcc[d^Wd]c_j [_d[c Loij[c Z[i O_[hj[d P[]i& ZWi Hkif[diao b[^hj[z& WX(P[h [_d[d pkiWcc[d^sd][dZ[d rX[hXb_Ya uX[h Hkif[diaoiI^_beief^_[ eZ[h [_d[ m[_j[h\u^h[dZ[ :kiWhX[_jkd] Z[h ;[Z[k'jkd] X[ij_ccj[h ;[]h_\\[& Z_[ _d Z_[i[c ;kY^ l[hmWdZj m[hZ[d&ikY^j& iebbj[ led Z_[i[d yIheX[dz pk i[_d[d Wki\u^hb_Y^[h[d;uY^[hd uX[h][^[d& Z_[ ,GL LCRCP 4MBCJJ BCP ;LGSCOPRKP& (RD

BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK =RLBCO@?OCL% 7COPNCIQGSCL BCO 9CJ@PQCO"

""

ICLLQLGP RLB =CJQCOD?FORLE& kdZ <MK 0LLCOCL =?AFPQRK BCP

4CLPAFCL kc\Wii[d( GWY^ Hkif[diaoi MeZ l[ht\\[djb_Y^j& [dj'^sbj Z_[i ab[_d[ ;kY^ Z[d M[nj Z[h Oehjhs][& Z_[ d[k[d E[kj[dX[_ Hkif[diaoi Mh[\\[d ms^h[dZ Z[i l_[h X_i i[Y^i FedWj[ZWk[hdZ[d >_d\u^hkd]i]Wd][i leh][b[i[d mkhZ[d( FWd mWh Z[h:di_Y^j& ZWii Z_[i[i E[i[d ykd[djX[^hb_Y^ ((( \uh [_d [hdij^W\j[iLjkZ_kc Z[h BZ[[dz i[_( Mhejp Z[h lehWki][]Wd][d[d PWhdkd'][d XhWkY^j Z[h d_Y^j [_d][m[_^j[ E[i[h d_Y^j pk pt][hd& i_Y^ Z[d^_[h lehb_[][dZ[d \ud\ :hX[_j[d pk ds^[hd& Z[dd l_[b[i _d _^d[daWdd `[Z[h l[hij[^[d& Z[h i_Y^& m_[ lW][ WkY^ _cc[h& X[mkiij_ij& ZWii c[^h ^_dj[h Z[h >n_ij[dp ij[Yaj& Wbi Z_[ [_djtd_][dFkij[h Z[i :bbjW]ib[X[di pk [dj^ubb[d iY^[_d[d( FWd aeccjd_Y^j kc^_d& i_Y^ X[_if_[bim[_i[ led Hkif[diaoi [_dZh_d]b_Y^[dPehj[d Wk\ Z[d [hij[d L[_j[d led ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL Wd]['ifheY^[d pk \u^b[d4

=[h F[diY^ ^Wj ][b[][djb_Y^[ :k][dXb_Ya[ led L[bXijX['mkiiji[_d& WX[h [h ^Wj a[_d[ @[mWbj uX[h i_[( L_[ aecc[d kdZ][^[d& X[^[hhiY^j led skii[h[d NcijsdZ[d kdZ ][b[][djb_'Y^[d :iiep_Wj_ed[d kdZ @[\u^b[d( =_[ ?hW][ [h^[Xj i_Y^4 Bij[i ct]b_Y^& A[hhiY^W\j uX[h Z_[i[ \buY^j_][d :k][dXb_Ya[ led;[mkiiji[_d pk [hbWd][d& i_[ t\j[h ^[hlehpkhk\[d kdZ i_[bsd][h pk [h^Wbj[d eZ[h i_[ ie]Wh f[hcWd[dj pk cWY^[d9

L[_j Z[c Sm[_j[d P[bjah_[] ]_Xj [i dWjuhb_Y^ [_d ij[j_][i PWY^'i[d Z[i t\\[djb_Y^[d Bdj[h[ii[i Wc LjkZ_kc Z[i y;[mkiiji[_diz&d_Y^j m_[ [i Z_[ F[Z_p_d Z[\_d_[hj& iedZ[hd Wbi [jmWi WdZ[h[i '[_d @[mW^hi[_d kdZ :k\d[^c[d [_d[h P[bj uX[h kdZ `[di[_jikdi[h[h ][mt^db_Y^[d >h\W^hkd]( Oeh Wbb[c _d Z[d b[jpj[d pmWd'p_] CW^h[d ^WX[d m_h l[hiY^_[Z[d[ M[Y^d_a[d Wk\jWkY^[d i[^[d&Z_[ l[hikY^[d& Z_[ At^[ Z[i ;[mkiiji[_di eZ[h Z[i yL[_diz pk^[X[d5 M[Y^d_a[d& Z_[ =he][d l[hm[dZ[d X_i ^_d pk `[d[d& Z_[]Wdp eZ[h j[_bm[_i[ Wk\ Z[d Wbj[d tijb_Y^[d K[b_]_ed[d X[hk^[d(Skisjpb_Y^ p_[^j i_Y^ ZkhY^ Z_[ ie][dWddj[d yWd[haWddj[d P_i'i[diY^W\j[dz [_d [hd[k[hj[i kdZ [hdij^W\j[i LjkZ_kc Wk\ Z[d@[X_[j[d& Z_[ [_dij Wbi Z[c Haakbj[d pk][^th_] [j_a[jj_[hj

"#

mkhZ[d4 Wkii[hi_ddb_Y^[ PW^hd[^ckd]& fioY^_iY^[ I^sdec[d[&d[k[ =_c[di_ed[d& ;_e\[[ZXWYa& M[b[fWj^_[ kdZ WdZ[h[ @[X_['j[& Z_[ [_dij Wbi ;[h[_Y^ Z[h PW^hiW][h kdZ LY^WhbWjWd[ Wd][i[^[dmkhZ[d( FWd atddj[ iW][d& ZWii Z_[ ][iWcj[ ^[kj_][ P[bj m_[Z[hpk Z[h ;[eXWY^jkd] pkhuYaa[^hj& Z_[ leh l_[h^kdZ[hj CW^h[d _d/?KJCQ ][cWY^j mkhZ[4 y>i ]_Xj c[^h =_d]! _c A_cc[b kdZ Wk\>hZ[d& Wbi [kh[ LY^kbm[_i^[_j i_Y^ jhskc[d bsiij(z:ki Z_[i[d @hudZ[d _ij [i ^[kj[ Wd][XhWY^j& Z_[i[ \ud\ ;u'

Y^[h m_[Z[h ^[hWkipk][X[d& pk [_d[h S[_j& ZW ZWi Bdj[h[ii[ WdI(=( Hkif[diao kdZ WdZ[h[d I^_beief^[d m_[Z[h[hmWY^j& Z_[&[_dij Wkii[h^WbX Z[i Xh[_j[d Ljheci& leh bWd][h S[_j iW]j[d& ZWii[i y[_d P_ii[d ]_Xj& ZWi Wbb[i ][mt^db_Y^[ c[diY^b_Y^[ P_ii[duX[hjh_\\j kdZ Z[c =khY^iY^d_jjic[diY^[d kdpk]sd]b_Y^ _ij& ZWiWX[h _h][dZme [n_ij_[hj kdZ `[cWdZ[c ][^thjz( Hkif[diaoiLY^h_\j[d& Z_[ dkd _d Z[h LWccbkd] led FWdkiah_fj[d kdZNhakdZ[d Z[h ;uY^[h[_ Z[h RWb[ Nd_l[hi_jsj WkbX[mW^hj i_dZ"Z_[ I( =( Hkif[diao @[ZsY^jd_i LWccbkd] mkhZ[ D[dd[hdWdbsiib_Y^ [_d[h kc\Wii[dZ[d :kiij[bbkd] _c HajeX[h +312 pk']sd]b_Y^ ][cWY^j# X[p[k][d Wki\u^hb_Y^& ZWii I( =(H( kdZ i[_d[yE[kj[z dWY^ [_d[c P[] ikY^j[d& ^t^[h[i P_ii[d pk [hh[_Y^[d&bWd][ X[leh Z_[i ceZ[hd ' eZ[h ie]Wh Wap[fjWX[b mkhZ[( GeY^l[hbWd]j[ ZWi ;[\eb][d Z[i yO_[hj[d P[][iz \_dWdp_[bb[ ;[_jhs'][& >_ddW^c[ led =he][d eZ[h ie]Wh iabWl_iY^[i :ap[fj_[h[dZ[h =Whij[bbkd][d& Z_[ Hkif[diao i[bXij ]WX ' _d Z[h MWj [h_d'd[hj i_Y^ [_d[h i[_d[h Dh[_i[4 y>h \ehZ[hj[ kdi Wk\& a[_d[ BZ[[dpk Wap[fj_[h[d& Z_[ d_Y^j _d Z[h IhWn_i X[m_[i[d m[hZ[d aedd'j[d(z :X[h kdX[Z_d]j dejm[dZ_] mWh Z_[ ;[h[_jiY^W\j& i[_d [_]['d[i c[Y^Wd_iY^[i ?kdaj_ed_[h[d kdZ ZWi ?[^b[d [_d[i kc\Wii[d'Z[d ;[mkiiji[_di pk Wap[fj_[h[d iem_[ Z[d P_bb[d& i_Y^ i[_d[hi[bXij pk [h_dd[hd& Wk\pkX_[j[d& kc ZWi [_d[ pk uX[hm_dZ[d kdZZWi WdZ[h[ pk [hbWd][d( =[h E[i[h& Z[h Z[d m_Z[hijh[_j[dZ[dS_[b[d kdZ F[j^eZ[d l_[b[h ^[kj_][h Dkbj[ kdZ I^_beief^_[dl[hm_hhj ][][duX[hij[^j& iebbj[ _d Z[d S_[b[d Hkif[diaoi& m_[ i_[_d 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ Wki][ZhuYaj i_dZ& [_d[ m_bbaecc[d[DbWh^[_j \_dZ[d4 y=Wi S_[b Z_[i[i Loij[ci _ij& Z[d F[diY^[d pkc;[mkiiji[_d pk \u^h[d(z

"$

=[h E[i[h m_hZ Z[d c[_ij[d Gkjp[d Wki Z_[i[d \ud\ akhp[d:hX[_j[d Hkif[diaoi p_[^[d& m[dd [h i_[ b_[ij& WdijWjj \@CO i_[ pkb[i[d4 =[ddeY^ [_d fWWh adWff[ >hbskj[hkd][d4

,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL% (RPW\EC ?RP BCL 8CBCL RLB 9AFOGDQCL SML

7#+# $# \@CO ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL! 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL RLB =GCBCO"

ICFO

P_[ Z_[ WdZ[h[d :hX[_j[d _d Z_[i[c ;WdZ mkhZ[ ,OGLLC"

ORLEPSCOK[ECL X[_ Ljekhjed Ih[ii _d <Wf[ Memd& LuZ':\h_aW&][ZhkYaj( >i ZWj_[hj Wki Z[c CW^h[ +3/-( =_[ [hij[d l_[h :X'iY^d_jj[ Z[i ;kY^[i atdd[d _d b[_Y^j WX][mWdZ[bj[h ?ehc _d<MK GLLCOCL =?AFPQRK BCP 4CLPAFCL ][\kdZ[d m[hZ[d( :X'iY^d_jj \ud\ mkhZ[ Wki (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK =RLBCO@?OCL

p_j_[hj& Z_[ :XiY^d_jj[ i[Y^i kdZ i_[X[d mkhZ[d Wki ;[h_Y^j[d[_d_][h Mh[\\[d Hkif[diaoi _d EedZed kdZ G[m Reha pkiWc'c[d][ij[bbj(

,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL ^Wj pkc AWkfjj^[cW& ZWii m_h kdijWjisY^b_Y^ Wd i[^h m[d_] _d kdi[h[c E[X[d [h_dd[hd& kdZ pmWhZ[i^WbX& m[_b m_h LRO X[mkiij[ :k][dXb_Ya[ pkhuYahk\[d atd'd[d( Hkif[diaoi )CTRPPQPCGL mWh d_Y^j [_d\WY^ ZWi @[][dj[_bled LY^bW\ eZ[h NdX[mkiiji[_d5 [i mWh [_d @[mW^hi[_d Z[iL[bXij& [_d L_Y^'i[_d[h'i[bXij'[h_dd[hd( Hkif[diao X[ifh_Y^jZWdd& me m_h mW^h[i L[bXij';[mkiiji[_d kdZ ZWc_j lebb[i >h_d'd[hkd]il[hct][d iem_[ Z_[ P[hjiY^sjpkd] pk b[X[d [hbWd][datdd[d "_c @[][diWjp pkc Xbeii[d >n_ij_[h[d _d [_d[c c[Y^Wd_'iY^[d SkijWdZ#(

9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ% ,GLC 9QRBGC \@CO BCL GK?EGLZOCL 4CLPAFCL

=_[i[i ;kY^& +3/. l[ht\\[djb_Y^j& X[ij[^j ]sdpb_Y^ Wki qkii['hkd][d Hkif[diaoi X[_ Z[d Mh[\\[d led +3-* X_i +3..( 9AFCGL"

NCOP[LJGAFICGQ ]hkff_[hj i_Y^ kc Hkif[diaoi ?[ijij[bbkd]& yZ[h@hkdZpk] kdi[h[i L[_di _ij& ZWii m_h l_[b[ i_dZ& d_Y^j [_d[hz(P[_b Z[h F[diY^ i_Y^ i[_d[h i[bXij d_Y^j ltbb_] ][mW^h _ij&X[c[haj [h WkY^ Z_[ l_[b[d m_Z[hifhuY^b_Y^[d PudiY^[& @bWk'X[diisjp[& @[\u^b[ kdZ Oehkhj[_b[ d_Y^j& Z_[ _^d led [_d[c:k][dXb_Ya pkc WdZ[h[d jh[_X[d5 [h ^Wj a[_d y@hWl_jWj_edip[d'

"%

jhkcz& kdZ Wki Z_[i[c FWd][b _ij [h kd\s^_]& [_d \[ij[i S_[b \uh[_d[ bsd][h[ S[_j Wk\h[Y^j pk [h^Wbj[d( HXiY^ed Z[h F[diY^ i_Y^[_dX_bZ[d aWdd& Z_[ K_Y^jkd] i[_d[i E[X[di X[ij_cc[d pk atd'd[d& m_hZ [h _d PW^h^[_j ZkhY^ [_d[d Dh[_i led skii[h[d >_d\bui'i[d led [_d[c PkdiY^ pkc WdZ[h[d ][ijeii[d( =[h F[diY^aWdd Z_[i[d SkijWdZ dkh uX[hm_dZ[d& m[dd [h i[_d[i l_[b\sbj_][dL[bXij ][mW^h m_hZ kdZ ZWdWY^ jhWY^j[j& i[_d mW^h[i L[bXij pk[djm_Ya[bd& _dZ[c [h Wk\^thj& d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[& BZ[dj_\_aWj_e'd[d& Eu][d kdZ WdZ[h[ M[_b[ i[_d[h \WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_jWkipkb[X[d(

,GECLTGJJC% ,GLC 9?KKJRLE SML XRPPCORLECL 7#+# 6RPNCLPIVP!

BGC PGAF F?RNQPZAFJGAF ?RD BGC 5MQTCLBGEICGQ @CWGCFCL! BCL ,GECL"

TGJJCL ?JP <MO@COCGQRLE D\O B?P =?AFPCL BCP =GJJCLP WR RLQCO"

TCODCL

Sm[_^kdZ[hj Def_[d Z_[i[i ;kY^[i mkhZ[d +3// _d <Wf[Memd ][ZhkYaj5 Z[h M[nj ijWccj[ Wki :djmehj[d kdZ ?hW][d&Z_[ _d Mh[\\[d c_j I(=( Hkif[diao _d EedZed kdZ G[m Rehapm_iY^[d +3-/ kdZ +3.. ][ij[bbj mkhZ[d( =[h F[diY^& iW]jHkif[diao& ^Wj a[_d[d P_bb[d& b[Z_]b_Y^ >_][dm_bb[d "yZ_[ =_d][dWY^ kdi[h[c [_][d[d @[iY^cWYa ^WX[d pk mebb[dz# kdZ >_][d'i_dd "y[jmWi jkd pk mebb[d& [_d\WY^& m[_b m_h [i d_Y^j jkd iebb'j[dz#( ;[_Z[ [djifh_d][d cec[djWd[d PudiY^[d Z[h l_[b[dyBY^iz eZ[h yL[bXij[z& Wki Z[d[d Z[h F[diY^ X[ij[^j( PW^h[hP_bb[ \_dZ[j i_Y^ dkh _d X[mkiij[d F[diY^[d kdZ _ij [_d S_[b& ZWiZkhY^ ZWi Loij[c [hbWd]j m[hZ[d aWdd5 m_h [hm[hX[d P_bb[d&_dZ[c m_h kdi c_jj[bi Z[i Loij[ci _d :hX[_j uX[d& _d [_d[hLY^kbi_jkWj_ed( >_][dm_bb[ kdZ >_][di_dd i_dZ X[iedZ[hi iY^m[hpk X[i[_j_][d& Z[dd i_[ i_dZ M[_b kdi[h[h Bbbki_ed& ZWii m_h X[h[_jiX[mkiij i_dZ kdZ yjkdz atdd[d& ZWi ^[_iij& [^[h [jmWi WkikdWX^sd]_][h :Xi_Y^j pkijWdZ[ pk Xh_d][d Wbi Wki [_d[h c[Y^Wd_'iY^[d& h[\b[n^W\j[d K[Waj_ed Wk\ skii[h[ >_d\buii[(

,GLC 9VLQFCPC ?RP CGLGECL 8CBCL RLB 9AFOGDQCL SML 7#+# 6# \@CO

B?P :FCK?% 5CE?QGSC .CD\FJC

=_[i[ :hX[_j& khifhud]b_Y^ +3/- ][ZhkYaj& mWh kdl[ht\\[dj'

"&

b_Y^j[d K[Z[d kdZ LY^h_\j[d I(=(H(!i [djdecc[d& c_j :kidW^'c[ [_d_][h ;[]h_\\i[hbskj[hkd][d& Z_[ Wki Z[d fh_lWj l[ht\\[dj'b_Y^j[d 7PVAFMJMEGPAFCL 3CPRLECL! +3-.'.*& ijWcc[d( yG[]Wj_'l[ @[\u^b[z i_dZ Wbb[ @[\u^b[ Z[h @[mWbj eZ[h =[fh[ii_ed(Hkif[diao X[^Wkfj[j[& iebY^[ @[\u^b[ i[_[d dkjpbei kdZ p[hijt'h[h_iY^& kdZ ZWii i_[ jhejp kdi[h[h ZWi @[][dj[_b X[^Wkfj[dZ[dIhej[ij[ d_Y^j Wk\]hkdZ skii[h[h IheleaWj_ed[d Wk\jhsj[d& ied'Z[hd Wki kdi i[bXij ijWcc[d( P_[ WkY^ _cc[h& d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[i_dZ audijb_Y^ ' i_[ [djifh_d][d Z[h BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed "kdi[h[h Nd\s'^_]a[_j& kdi i[bXij led @[][dijsdZ[d& E[kj[d eZ[h >cej_ed[dkc kdi ^[hkc pk Z_ijWdp_[h[d# kdZ atdd[d ZW^[h p[hijthj m[h'Z[d& ieXWbZ m_h i_[ X[c[ha[d kdZ i_[ c_jj[bi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd pkX[i[_j_][d l[hikY^[d( =[h [hij[ LY^h_jj pkh >dj\[hdkd] d[]Wj_l[h@[\u^b[ X[ij[^j ZWh_d& i_[ _d _^h[c :kiZhkYa pk X[iY^hsda[d5m[dd Z_[i ][iY^_[^j& m_hZ [i ct]b_Y^& Wd Z_[ Pkhp[bd Z[h d[]Wj_'l[d @[\u^b[ i[bXij pk hu^h[d(

)CKCOIRLECL WRO (O@CGQ

)CKCOIRLECL WRO (O@CGQ! pk[hij +3/, ][ZhkYaj& X[ij[^j WkiZh[_ akhp[d :k\isjp[d4 y;[c[hakd][d pkc >djiY^bkii pk WhX[_'j[dz& y;[c[hakd][d pkh :hX[_j Wd i_Y^ i[bXijz kdZ yPWi _ij Z_[LY^kb[9z( :bb[ X[\Wii[d i_Y^ c_j Z[c @hWZ _dZ_l_Zk[bb[h O[h'f\b_Y^jkd]& Z_[ led `[cWdZ[c l[hbWd]j m_hZ& Z[h Z_[ :hX[_j _cLoij[c X[]_ddj( =_[ AWkfjXejiY^W\j Z[h )CKCOIRLECL WRO (O"

@CGQ _ij _d Hkif[diaoi [_db[_j[dZ[c :XiY^d_jj [dj^Wbj[d4 y=[d'a[d L_[ i[^h [hdij^W\j dWY^& X[leh L_[ i_Y^ [djiY^b_[ii[d& Wd i_Y^c_j Z[h :Xi_Y^j pk WhX[_j[d& i_Y^ i[bXij pk sdZ[hd ((( Z_[i[:hX[_j bsiij a[_d[ Decfhec_ii[ pk kdZ l[hbWd]j [_d[ ]heii[F[d][ L[bXij'=_ip_fb_d kdZ ;[h[_jiY^W\j& Wbb[d K[][bd pk ][^eh'Y^[d ((( z

=_[i[ \ud\ ;uY^[h mkhZ[d lehcWbi _d i[^h X[]h[dpj[h F[d][][ZhkYaj kdZ [_d[h ab[_d[d @hkff[ led E[kj[d pk]sd]b_Y^ ]['cWY^j& Z_[ i_Y^ i[_j CW^h[d Z[c LjkZ_kc Z[h I^_beief^_[ Hki'f[diaoi ][m_Zc[j ^Wjj[d( =[h >djiY^bkii& ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK["

ECL! 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ! ,GECLTGJJC! 5CE?QGSC .CD\FJC kdZ )C"

"'

KCOIRLECL WRO (O@CGQ d[k pk ZhkYa[d& kc i_[ [_d[c ]htii[h[dE[i[hah[_i lehpkij[bb[d& X[hk^j Wk\ [_d[h [hd[kj[d t\\[djb_Y^[d;[][_ij[hkd]& Z_[ i_Y^ ]htiij[dj[_bi _d ?ehc led GWY^\hW][d uX[hZ_[ I( =( Hkif[diao @[ZsY^jd_i LWccbkd] _d Z[h ;_Xb_ej^[aZ[h RWb[ Nd_l[hi_jsj skii[hj( >i Xb[_Xj pk ^e\\[d& ZWii Z_[O_[b[d& Z_[ Hkif[diao ^_[hZkhY^ kdZ Wk\ WdZ[h[d P[][d X[][]'d[j i_dZ& ZkhY^ Z_[ >djZ[Yakd] Z_[i[h X[c[ha[dim[hj[d d[k[dLWccbkd] [_d[ j_[\[h[ >_di_Y^j _d I(=(H( ' kdZ i_Y^ i[bXij '[hbWd][d m[hZ[d(

4COOGJV ,# :?VJMO

"(

/KEIIAKNICLOAKHRCAI

(RPW\EC ?RP BCL 8CBCL RLB 9AFOGDQCL

7# +# 6RPNCLPIVP \@CO ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL!

9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL RLB =GCBCOICFO

"*

&138135

=_[ :Xi_Y^j Z[i DWf_j[bi ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL _ij [i& pkiWc'c[dpkij[bb[d& mWi Hkif[diao uX[h >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d&L[bXij'>h_dd[hd kdZ P_[Z[ha[^h ][ifheY^[d kdZ ][iY^h_[X[d^Wj( =[h Bd^Wbj led ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL _ij d_Y^j [dZ]ubj_]&iedZ[hd iebb ZWi [h]sdp[d& mWi Hkif[diao uX[h Z_[i[ M^[c[d _d:COQGRK 6OE?LRK kdZ ,GL LCRCP 4MBCJJ BCP ;LGSCOPRKP iY^h_[X(,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL aWdd d_Y^j e^d[ ;[pk] Wk\ `[d[ ;uY^[hl[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[d kdZ e^d[ Hkif[diaoi Loij[c& Z[d O_[hj[dP[] pk ijkZ_[h[d& pk a[dd[d(=_[ [hij[d l_[h :XiY^d_jj[ Z_[i[i ;kY^[i \_dZ[d i_Y^ _d b[_Y^j

kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[h ?ehc _d <MK GLLCOCL =?AFPQRK BCP 4CL"

PAFCL# :XiY^d_jj \ud\ ijWccj Wki (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK

=RLBCO@?OCL# =_[ :XiY^d_jj[ i[Y^i kdZ i_[X[d mkhZ[d Wki:k\p[_Y^dkd][d [_d_][h Mh[\\[d Hkif[diaoi _d EedZed kdZG[m Reha [hij[bbj( =_[ X[_Z[d :XiY^d_jj[ l[hm[dZ[d d_Y^j_cc[h Hkif[diaoi ][dWk[ Pehj[& m[_b [_d[ mthjb_Y^[ P_[Z[h]W'X[ led ?hW][ kdZ :djmehj pk m[_jiY^m[_\_] msh[& `[ZeY^ mkhZ[ieh]\sbj_] ZWhWk\ ][WY^j[j& Z[d L_dd led Hkif[diaoi Pehj[d _da[_d[h P[_i[ pk l[hsdZ[hd eZ[h WkipkiY^cuYa[d(

#!

Bd^Wbj

=?P KGQ ^)CTRPPQPCGL_ ECKCGLQ GPQ " =MO?L TGO RLP GL =GOIJGAFICGQ COGLLCOL

" .O?BC SML )CTRPPQPCGL " )CTRPPQPCGL RLB =GJJC " +?P COPQC /GLBCOLGP D\O

)CTRPPQPCGL " .CBZAFQLGP ?JP CGLC 9?KKJRLE SML 9AF?JJNJ?QQCL?RDWCGAFLRL"

ECL " (RDWCGAFLRLECL PGLB KGQQCJP (PPMWG?QGMLCL SCO@RLBCL " /GLTCGP! BCO

RLPCOCL .CB?LICL \@CO )CTRPPQPCGL CGLC 8GAFQRLE EG@Q { 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL {

=GJJCLQJGAF @CTRPPQ TCOBCL " (JAFGKGC " ,GLGEC ,OICLLQLGPPC \@CO 9CJ@PQ"

,OGLLCOL " )CPAFOCG@RLE CGLCP <COPRAFP BCP 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOLP " <COPAFGCBC"

LC (OGCL SML ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL " +?P .CBZAFQLGP PQZOICL " 0BCLQGDGI?"

QGML " 9GAF BCO <COE?LECLFCGQ COGLLCOL " 2OCRWTCEC! (LTCLBRLE BCO

:FCMOGC SML BCO =GCBCOICFO " =GCBCOICFO DGLBCQ GL BCO ,TGEICGQ PQ?QQ "

9QRBGRK BCO =GCBCOICFO ?L 2GLBCOL " ;LCOT?OQCQC 5CGERLECL GL 2GLBCOL "

<COCO@RLE " -COQGE ?RPEC@GJBCQC .CGPQCPF?JQRLE SML 2JCGLIGLBCOL " ,OGLLC"

ORLE CGLCP PCFO DO\FCL :O?RKP " 5CGERLECL RLB =GCBCOICFO " +GCPC (O@CGQ

E?@ CP SMOFCO LGAFQ " ,TGEICGQ BCP (RECL@JGAIP HCLPCGQP BCO -?PPRLEPIO?DQ

RLPCOCP <COPQ?LBCP " 5RO 4CLPAF 5O# D\LD I?LL ?JP PMJAFCO TGCBCOICFOCL "

5CGERLE RLB .CTMFLFCGQ " 7OM@JCKC BCO >CGQ CODMOBCOL K?QFCK?QGPAFCP

+CLICL " ,OGLLCOL BCO =GCBCOICFO CODMOBCOQ PCAFP +GKCLPGMLCL " ,OIJZ"

ORLE BGCPCO +GKCLPGMLCL " >CGQ RLB ,TGEICGQ " 5MQTCLBGEICGQ BCP 9CJ@PQ"

,OGLLCOLP! RK ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL WR F?@CL " >RDZJJGECP 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL

' +GC 0BCC BCO =GCBCOICFO GPQ D\O BGCPCP 9VPQCK L\QWJGAF! HCBMAF LGAFQ

LMQTCLBGE " ,OPQC (LPQOCLERLECL @CGK 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL " )CTRPPQPCGL BCO

CGECLCL -RLIQGML " .C@O?RAF SML 2OCRWTCECL GL @CWRE ?RD =GCBCOICFO "

4[EJGAFICGQCL BCP (RECL@JGAIP " )CTRPPQPCGL RLB ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL "

9QCQGEICGQ SML (LPQOCLERLECL " 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL ?L BCO .?OC BR 5MOB "

=GPPCL RLB 9CGL " 7COK?LCLQCP .O?SGQ?QGMLPWCLQORK " ;LPQCO@JGAFICGQ RLB

,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL " =GCBCOICFO RLB ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL " <COPAFGC"

BCLC (OQCL SML ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK[ECL " <COBCO@CL BCP ,OGLLCORLEPSCOK["

ECLP " <MO@COCGQRLE ?RD =GCBCOICFO " -OGCBCL RLB =GCBCOICFO " =GCBCO"

ICFO RLB >CGQ " 4?QCOG?J WRK <COPQCFCL " =GOIRLE BCO =GCBCOICFO! BROAF

-ZFGEICGQCL KMBGDGWGCOQ

#"

Bc ][mt^db_Y^[d LfhWY^][XhWkY^ m_hZ ZWi Pehj ;[mkiiji[_dc[_ij Wbi ]b[_Y^X[Z[kj[dZ c_j Z[c Pehj Bdj[bb_][dp "_c L_dd[led ][_ij_][h :aj_l_jsj# eZ[h Wbi :bj[hdWj_l[ ZW\uh l[hm[dZ[j( BdP_hab_Y^a[_j _ij ;[mkiiji[_d [_d[ X[iedZ[h[ :hj led y@[mW^h'i[_dz _c F[diY^[d& @[mW^hi[_d i[_d[h i[bXij& @[mW^hi[_d Z[i'i[d& mWi [h _ij& mWi [h \u^bj eZ[h Z[daj eZ[h me [h i_Y^ Wk][d'Xb_Yab_Y^ X[\_dZ[j(@[csii Z[c Loij[c& ZWi m_h ijkZ_[h[d& ^Wj Z[h F[diY^ Z_[

Ft]b_Y^a[_j pk l_[h ;[mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[d( =_[i[ i_dZ4 9AFJ?D!

=?AFCL! 9CJ@PQ@CTRPPQPCGL kdZ M@HCIQGSCP )CTRPPQPCGL# :X[h eX']b[_Y^ Z[h F[diY^ Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z_[i[h l_[h ;[mkiiji[_dipk'ijsdZ[d ^Wj& b[Xj [h dkh _d pm[_ SkijsdZ[d4 >_d[d M[_b i[_d[iE[X[di l[hXh_d]j [h _c LY^bW\ kdZ Z[d WdZ[h[d _c ie][dWddj[dyPWY^pkijWdZz& eXme^b i_Y^ Z_[i[h i[^h m[d_] lec LY^bW\ kdj[h'iY^[_Z[j(PWi kdi[h ][mt^db_Y^[i >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d& eZ[h :k][d'

Xb_Ya[ Z[i >h_dd[hdi X[jh_\\j& ie [h_dd[hd m_h kdi dkh Z[h :k][d'Xb_Ya[ Z[i ;[mkiiji[_di& eXme^b m_h d_Y^j i[^[d& ZWii Z[c ie _ij(PWi @[ZsY^jd_i _c j[Y^d_iY^[d L_dd[ X[Z[kj[j& m[hZ[ _Y^

ifsj[h [habsh[d( Gkd ctY^j[ _Y^ [_d\WY^& ZWii L_[ B^h[ :k\c[ha'iWca[_j Wk\ B^h[ [_][d[d ;[eXWY^jkd][d _d X[pk] Wk\ ZWi >h_d'd[hkd]il[hct][d b[da[d( L_[ m[hZ[d X[c[ha[d& ZWii L_[ =_d][kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^ [h_dd[hd4 :d [_d_][i [h_dd[hd L_[ i_Y^ deY^ h[Y^jb[X^W\j& Wd WdZ[h[i i[^h lW][ kdZ Wd [_d_][ =_d][ [h_dd[hd L_[i_Y^ uX[h^Wkfj d_Y^j( L_[ TGPPCL b[Z_]b_Y^& ZWii i_[ ijWjj\WdZ[d(=Wi ^[_iij& m[dd L_[ pkc ;[_if_[b m_ii[d& ZWii L_[ leh [_d_][h

S[_j Wd [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d Hhj ]_d][d& kc c_j `[cWdZ[c pkifh[Y^[d& ie ct][d L_[ i_Y^ l_[bb[_Y^j Wd pm[_ eZ[h Zh[_ =_d][[h_dd[hd& Z_[ _d O[hX_dZkd] pk B^h[c @[ifhsY^ c_j Z_[i[hI[hied ij[^[d5 WX[h ct]b_Y^[hm[_i[ [h_dd[hd L_[ i_Y^ uX[h^Wkfjd_Y^j& m_[ L_[ Zehj^_d ][bWd]j[d eZ[h m_[ L_[ pkhuYaaWc[d( P[ddcWd L_[ dkd \hW]j& eX L_[ i_Y^ [h_dd[hd& m_[ L_[ Zehj^_d aWc[dkdZ m_[Z[h pkhuYaa[^hj[d& ie m[hZ[d L_[ iW][d& ZWii L_[ i_Y^Z[kjb_Y^ [h_dd[hd& ms^h[dZ L_[ [i _d P_hab_Y^a[_j b[Z_]b_Y^ m_ii[d

#$

kdZ TGPPCL! me^_d L_[ ]_d][d5 WX[h L_[ COGLLCOL i_Y^ d_Y^j&Wki][decc[d led [l[djk[bb pm[_ eZ[h Zh[_ @[ZsY^jd_iXb_jp[d(L_[ m[hZ[d [hijWkdj i[_d& m[dd L_[ [ha[dd[d& Wd m_[ m[d_]

L_[ i_Y^ _d P_hab_Y^a[_j [h_dd[hd( NdZ [i ][iY^_[^j Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj&m[_b L_[ i_Y^ LRO BCO (RECL@JGAIC COGLLCOL! GL BCLCL 9GC @CTRPPQ

T?OCL# L_[ m[hZ[d X[ii[h l[hij[^[d& mWi _Y^ c[_d[& m[dd L_[l[hikY^[d& B^h[d @[_ij ie m[_j L_[ atdd[d Wk\ B^h[ \hu^[ D_dZ'^[_j pkhuYapkb[da[d& eZ[h Wk\ `[Z[d ?Wbb Wk\ [jmWi& ZWi lehbWd][h S[_j ][iY^W^( =Wdd m[hZ[d L_[ [ha[dd[d& Wd m_[ m[d_]L_[ i_Y^ jWjisY^b_Y^ [h_dd[hd kdZ m_[l_[b [i ]_Xj& led Z[c L_[b[Z_]b_Y^ TGPPCL eZ[h ECF[OQ F?@CL! B?PP CP PQ?QQD?LB#=W^[h atdd[d m_h _d X[pk] Wk\ Z[d Zh_jj[d ;[mkiiji[_dipk'

ijWdZ iW][d& ZWii Z[h F[diY^ ][b[][djb_Y^[ :k][dXb_Ya[ ledL[bXijX[mkiiji[_d ^Wj& `[ZeY^ aWdd [h Z_[i[ d_Y^j X[^[hhiY^[d(L_[ aecc[d kdZ ][^[d led i[bXij& kdZ m[hZ[d led skii[h[dNcijsdZ[d kdZ ][b[][djb_Y^[d :iiep_Wj_ed[d eZ[h @[\u^b[dX[ij_ccj(=_[ ?hW][ jWkY^j Wk\4 Bij [i ct]b_Y^& A[hhiY^W\j uX[h Z_[i[

\buY^j_][d :k][dXb_Ya[ led ;[mkiiji[_d pk [hbWd][d& i_[ t\j[h^[hlehpkhk\[d kdZ bsd][h pk ^Wbj[d& eZ[h i_[ ie]Wh f[hcWd[dj pkcWY^[d9

=[h [hij[ eZ[h d_[Zh_]ij[ ;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ _ij LY^bW\ ((( =[hF[diY^ _ij led Mhskc[d kc][X[d ((( K[_d ikX`[aj_l[ ;_bZ[h '[djm[Z[h Lf_[][bkd][d \hu^[h[h >h\W^hkd][d eZ[h Lf_[][bkd][dlW][h PW^hd[^ckd][d Z[i :k][dXb_Yai& m_[ @[hskiY^[& Z_[Z[d LY^bW\[dZ[d [hh[_Y^[d& >cf\_dZkd][d& Z_[ Wki Z[c Dthf[hijWcc[d& b[_Y^j[h[ LY^c[hp[d& O[hifWddkd]i][\u^b[ ' \b_[][dZkhY^ Z[d @[_ij "F_dZ# kdZ ^_dj[hbWii[d dkh [_d[ i[^h iY^mWY^[Lfkh _c @[ZsY^jd_i kdZ e\j uX[h^Wkfj ]Wh a[_d[(=[h pm[_j[ ;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ jh_jj Wk\& m[dd Z[h F[diY^

[hmWY^j( =_[i[d pm[_j[d SkijWdZ ' Z[h SkijWdZ& _d Z[c m_h `[jpji_dZ5 Z[d SkijWdZ& _d Z[c m_h WhX[_j[d& ifh[Y^[d& kdi \uh

#%

X[mkiij[ P[i[d ^Wbj[d kdZ ie m[_j[h ' X[p[_Y^d[d m_h ][mt^d'b_Y^ Wbi yPWY^';[mkiiji[_dz eZ[h yabWh[i ;[mkiiji[_dz& WX[h [hiebbj[ _d P_hab_Y^a[_j yPWY^'LY^bW\z eZ[h yh[bWj_l[i ;[mkiij'i[_dz ^[_ii[d(Bc SkijWdZ Z[i LY^bW\i atdd[d m_h LY^_cc[h h[bWj_l[d ;['

mkiiji[_di ^WX[d( Bc SkijWdZ Z[i h[bWj_l[d ;[mkiiji[_di atd'd[d m_h LY^_cc[h led L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d ^WX[d( :X[h m[dd m_hWki][Z[^dj[h[ I[h_eZ[d led L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d kdZ d_Y^j dkh\buY^j_][ >_dXb_Ya[ ^WX[d mebb[d& cuii[d m_h l[hij[^[d& ZWii i_[d_Y^j led Wbb[_d[ aecc[d atdd[d( L_[ [h\ehZ[hd TGJJCLQJGAFCP

/?LBCJL# =Wi ^[_iij& ZWii Ask\_]a[_j kdZ =Wk[h led :k][dXb_a'a[d Z[i L[bXijX[mkiiji[_di led Z[h A[hhiY^W\j WX^sd][d& Z_[cWd uX[h i_Y^ i[bXij ^Wj( =W^[h X[Z[kj[j Z_[i WkY^& ZWii ;['mkiiji[_d kdZ P_bb[ dW^[pk [_d kdZ ZWii[bX[ i_dZ eZ[h Wk\ `[Z[d?Wbb :if[aj[ Z[h i[bX[d LWY^[(Gkd cuii[d m_h l[hij[^[d& ZWii ZWi [hij[ A_dZ[hd_i Wk\ Z[c

P[][ pkh >djm_Yabkd] Z[i L[bXijX[mkiiji[_di _c F[diY^[di[_d[ rX[hp[k]kd] _ij& Z_[i[i X[h[_ji pk X[i_jp[d eZ[h [i pkc_d'Z[ij _d Z[c :k][dXb_Ya ^WX[d pk atdd[d& _d Z[c [h [i mudiY^j(>i _ij i[^h iY^m[h& [_d[d F[diY^[d ZWled pk uX[hp[k][d& ZWii [hd_Y^j X[mkiij _ij kdZ d_Y^j dWY^ ;[b_[X[d X[mkiij m[hZ[d aWdd(>i _ij Z_[i X[iedZ[hi iY^m[h& ZW _^c Z_[ GWjkh ^_[h [_d[di[bjiWc[d Ljh[_Y^ if_[bj( P[dd L_[ `[cWdZ[d \hW][d& eX [hX[mkiij _ij& eZ[h m[dd L_[ _^c iW][d& [h i[_ d_Y^j X[mkiij& m_hZ[h Wdjmehj[d& ZWii [h ltbb_] X[mkiij i[_ kdZ [i WXikhZ msh[ pkiW][d& [h i[_ [i d_Y^j& ZW [h L_[ ZeY^ ^th[ kdZ l[hij[^[( NdZ [hm_hZ lebbaecc[d h[Y^j ^WX[d& Z[dd B^h[ ?hW][ eZ[h ;[c[hakd]^Wj _^d [_d[d :k][dXb_Ya bWd] lW][ X[mkiij ][cWY^j( Bc dsY^'ij[d :k][dXb_Ya m_hZ ZWi ;[mkiiji[_d m_[Z[h l[hiY^m_dZ[d(:X[h [h m_hZ i_Y^ Z[ii[d [h_dd[hd& mWi L_[ _^c iW]j[d kdZ mWi [hWdjmehj[j[& kdZ [h m_hZ i_Y^ ][m_ii Wbi X[mkiij [hWY^j[d(Bd P_hab_Y^a[_j [h\ehZ[hj ZWi >hbWd][d led L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d

[_d[ bWd][ kdZ ^Whj[ :hX[_j( P_[ atddj[ [_d F[diY^ Z_[i[:hX[_j X[`W^[d& m[dd [h ][dWk ZWi X[h[_ji pk X[i_jp[d ]bWkXj&mWi cWd _^c Wbi >h][Xd_i bWd][h kdZ ^Whj[h :hX[_j l[hifh_Y^j9GWjuhb_Y^ m_hZ a[_d F[diY^ Z_[i[ :hX[_j kdj[hd[^c[d kdZ i_[

#&

Wbi Gejm[dZ_]a[_j [hWY^j[d& X_i [h ZWled uX[hp[k]j _ij& ZWii [hm[Z[h L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d X[i_jpj deY^ Wbb ZWi& mWi ZWc_j l[hXkd'Z[d _ij& m_[ >_d^[_j eZ[h BdZ_l_ZkWb_jsj& [_d X[ijsdZ_][i yBY^zkdZ Z[d P_bb[d(

"Nc Z[d \eb][dZ[d :XiY^d_jj l[hij[^[d pk atdd[d& ckii cWd[ha[dd[d& ZWii Z_[ uXb_Y^[ :diY^Wkkd]& Z[h F[diY^ ^WX[ dkh[_d[d @[_ij TZ[d _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d @[_ijU \WbiY^ _ij( Bd P_hab_Y^a[_j_ij ZWi G[hl[dioij[c Z[d ?kdaj_ed[d Z[i Dthf[hi dWY^ kdj[h'j[_bj& kdZ `[Z[h M[_b X[i_jpj i[_d[d [_][d[d @[_ij TF_dZU( Hki'f[diaoi @[XhWkY^ Z[i Pehj[i yS[djhkcz kdj[hiY^[_Z[j i_Y^ ledZ[h ][][dmshj_][d m_ii[diY^W\jb_Y^[d ;[Z[kjkd]& Z[dd [i kc'\Wiij ieme^b Z[d X[iedZ[h[d& aedjhebb_[h[dZ[d @[_ij Wbi WkY^ Z_[G[hl[d kdZ Z_[ kdj[h][ehZd[j[d :d^sk\kd][d led G[hl[dp[b'b[d& Z_[ _^d c_j WdZ[h[d M[_b[d Z[i Dthf[hi l[hX_dZ[d(#

P_h cuii[d [h]hudZ[d& mWhkc m_h kdi e^d[ [_d[ bWd][ I[h_eZ[led LY^kbWhX[_j d_Y^j iY^d[bb[h [djm_Ya[bd atdd[d( P_h m_ii[d&ZWii m_h d[k[i FWj[h_Wb _d kdi[h[c @[ZsY^jd_i WdiWcc[bd&m[dd m_h [jmWi b[hd[d( :X[h mWi _ij kdi[h @[ZsY^jd_i9 NdZ mWi_ij d[k[i FWj[h_Wb9Nc Z_[i pk l[hij[^[d& cuii[d m_h `[Z[i S[djhkc Wbi [_d[

][iedZ[hj[ kdZ kdWX^sd]_][ FWiY^_d[ pk X[jhWY^j[d b[hd[d& Z_[Wki [cf\_dZb_Y^[c Lje\\ X[ij[^j& led i[_d[h ?kdaj_ed ^[h Z[hLkXijWdp s^db_Y^& Wki Z[h LY^WbbfbWjj[d X[ij[^[d( :bb[i& mWi c_jkdi ][iY^_[^j& Wbb[i& mWi m_h i[^[d& Wbb[i& mWi m_h ^th[d& Wbb[i&mWi m_h \u^b[d& Wbb[i& mWi m_h b[hd[d& m_hZ Wk\ Z_[i[d IbWjj[dWk\][p[_Y^d[j( =_[i X[Z[kj[j& ZWii Wbb[ skii[h[d kdZ _dd[h[d>h[_]d_ii[ X[ij_ccj[ >_dZhuYa[ Wk\ Z[d IbWjj[d ^_dj[hbWii[d(y>_dZhuYa[z _ij [_d i[^h ]kj[i Pehj& Z[dd jWjisY^b_Y^ ^_dj[hbWi'i[d i_[ >_dZhuYa[ eZ[h Ihs]kd][d( >_d >_dZhkYa aWdd j_[\ eZ[heX[h\bsY^b_Y^ i[_d& eZ[h [i aWdd [_d\WY^ [_d \buY^j_][h >_dZhkYai[_d& Z[h i[^h iY^d[bb l[hiY^m_dZ[j kdZ a[_d[ Lfkh pkhuYabsiij(

#'

HX WX[h j_[\ eZ[h eX[h\bsY^b_Y^& [i ^WdZ[bj i_Y^ kc [_d[d >_d'ZhkYa( NdZ Z_[i[ >_dZhuYa[ Wk\ IbWjj[d i_dZ Wbb[i& mWi m_h^WX[d& kdi[h ]Wdp[h ;[i_jp( :bb[i& mWi m_h m_ii[d& Wbb[i& mWi m_h][b[hdj ^WX[d& Wbb[i& mWi m_h [h\W^h[d ^WX[d& [i X[\_dZ[j i_Y^Wbb[i ^_[h Wk\ kdi[h[d IbWjj[d(@[dWk ]b[_Y^ X[ij[^[d kdi[h[ =[dafhep[ii[& ;[h[Y^dkd][d

kdZ O[hckjkd][d dkh ZWhWki& ZWii m_h kdi[h[ IbWjj[d c_j[_dWd'Z[h l[h]b[_Y^[d& _^d[d m_[Z[h kdZ m_[Z[h pk^th[d& i_[ ZWZkhY^pk l[hij[^[d l[hikY^[d& ZWii m_h i_[ aecX_d_[h[d kdZ ie m[_j[h(P_h atdd[d d_Y^ji G[k[i [hZ[da[d& d_Y^ji& ZWi i_Y^ d_Y^j X[h[_jiWk\ kdi[h[d IbWjj[d X[\_dZ[j( P_h atdd[d d_Y^ji iW][d eZ[h jkd&ZWi d_Y^j _h][dZ[jmWi Wk\ Z[d IbWjj[d [djifhsY^[( P_h atdd[da[_d[d d[k[d @[ZWda[d [h\_dZ[d& ][dWkie& m_[ m_h a[_d d[k[iM_[h [h\_dZ[d atdd[d& Z[dd Wbb kdi[h[ Oehij[bbkd][d led M_[h[d[hmWY^i[d Wki kdi[h[d ;[eXWY^jkd][d b[X[dZ[h M_[h[(=_[ >_dZhuYa[ Wk\ kdi[h[d IbWjj[d i_dZ ZkhY^ :iiep_Wj_ed[d

c_j[_dWdZ[h l[hXkdZ[d( :iiep_Wj_ed[d l[hX_dZ[d >_dZhuYa[&Z_[ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] [cf\Wd][d mkhZ[d eZ[h i_Y^ Wk\ WdZ[h[ :hjs^d[bd(=W ZWi @[ZsY^jd_i lec ;[mkiiji[_d WX^sd]j kdZ m_h kdi _d

P_hab_Y^a[_j dkh Z[h >_dZhuYa[ [h_dd[hd& _d Z[d[d ;[mkiiji[_dWk\Xb_jpj[& _ij [i ltbb_] abWh& ZWii l[hiY^_[Z[d[ ]b[_Y^p[_j_][ >_d'ZhuYa[& Z_[ c_j[_dWdZ[h l[hXkdZ[d i_dZ& bsd][h Wbi d_Y^j l[h'aduf\j[ >_dZhuYa[ _c @[ZsY^jd_i Xb[_X[d m[hZ[d( ;[_c :k\'Xb_jp[d led L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d& eZ[h WkY^ X[_ [_d[h b[Z_]b_Y^[d:dds^[hkd] ZWhWd& i_dZ Wbb[ >_dZhuYa[ Z[i :k][dXb_Yai c_j[_d'WdZ[h l[haduf\j kdZ Xb[_X[d _c @[ZsY^jd_i _d O[hX_dZkd](=Wii[bX[ ]_bj \uh >_dZhuYa[& Z_[ ZkhY^ _^h[ _dd[h[ q^db_Y^a[_jl[hXkdZ[d i_dZ( P[dd m_h _d Z[c :k][dXb_Ya& _d Z[c m_h [_d[d>_dZhkYa [cf\Wd][d& X[mkiij i_dZ& l[hX_dZ[d m_h Z[d d[k[d>_dZhkYa Z[\_d_j_l c_j s^db_Y^[d Wbj[d >_dZhuYa[d& kdZ i_[ Xb[_'X[d _c @[ZsY^jd_i l[haduf\j( P[dd m_h >_dZhuYa[ WdZ[h[hi[_ji_d [_d[c SkijWdZ led LY^bW\ [cf\Wd][d& X[c[ha[d m_h i_[[_d\WY^ d_Y^j& kdZ _^h[ Lfkh[d l[hiY^m_dZ[d& X[leh i_[ ][muh'Z_]j eZ[h Wiiep__[hj m[hZ[d atdd[d("Bd [_d[c i[_d[h Mh[\\[d mkhZ[ Hkif[diao ][\hW]j& eX Wbb[

#(

>_dZhuYa[ Wk\ kdi[h[d IbWjj[d _d Z_[i[c E[X[d ][X_bZ[j m[hZ[deZ[h eX m_h c_j [_d_][d led _^d[d ][Xeh[d mehZ[d i_dZ( >hWdjmehj[j[4#=_[ >_dZhuYa[ _c _dij_daj_l[d S[djhkc i_dZ kdi Wd][Xeh[d5

i_[ i_dZ X[h[_ji ZW& [X[die m_[ [_d_][i m[d_][ _c [cej_edWb[dS[djhkc( =Wi uXh_][ aeccj _d Z_[i[c E[X[d5 _c ;[m[]kd]i'kdZ _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d S[djhkc ckii Wbb[i [hb[hdj m[hZ[d(

.

Nc abWh[h pk l[hij[^[d& mWi _Y^ iW][d m[hZ[& cuii[d L_[l[hikY^[d ZWhWd pk Z[da[d& ZWii m_h a[_d[ Dedjhebb[ uX[h kdi[h;[mkiiji[_d ^WX[d( :bi _Y^ iW]j[& m_h atddj[d X[mkiij[h m[hZ[deZ[h ZWii [_d F[diY^ \uh [_d[d :k][dXb_Ya X[mkiij ][cWY^jm[hZ[d aWdd& m[dd cWd _^d \hW]j& eX [h X[mkiij i[_ eZ[h d_Y^j&l[hmWdZj[ _Y^ Z_[ Pthj[h yX[mkiijz kdZ ykdX[mkiijz _d [_d[ch[bWj_l[d L_dd( >i ]_Xj ie l_[b[ ;[mkiiji[_di]hWZ[& kdZ `[Z[h^t^[h[ @hWZ X[Z[kj[j yX[mkiij[hz _d X[pk] Wk\ [_d[d d_[Zh_]['h[d @hWZ( :X[h m[dd m_h WkY^ ZWi ;[mkiiji[_d i[bXij d_Y^jX[^[hhiY^[d atdd[d& ie ^WX[d m_h ZeY^ [_d[ ][m_ii[ Dedjhebb[ZWhuX[h& mWi m_h uX[h ;[mkiiji[_d Z[da[d& kdZ m_h atdd[dkdi[h =[da[d ie WdehZd[d& ZWii [i ;[mkiiji[_d Xh_d]j( PWi _Y^ZWc_j c[_dj[& _ij& ZWii m_h ;[mkiiji[_d ^[hlehhk\[d atdd[d&_dZ[c m_h kdi[h[d @[ZWda[d [_d[ K_Y^jkd] ][X[d& m_[ i_[ i_[ _d[_d[c :k][dXb_Ya Z[i ;[mkiiji[_di Wdd[^c[d muhZ[d(O[hikY^[d L_[ dkd pk \ehckb_[h[d& mWi L_[ X[c[haj[d& Wbi L_[

i_Y^ pk X[eXWY^j[d l[hikY^j[d( L_[ iebbj[d Zh[_[hb[_ X[eXWY^j[j^WX[d( >hij[di& ZWii i_[ L_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j 0FOCO PCJ@PQ COGLLCOL! ZWi^[_iij& L_[ i_dZ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij d_Y^j ]b[_Y^p[_j_] ][mW^h& m[ddL_[ l[hikY^[d& i_Y^ pk X[eXWY^j[d( Sm[_j[di& ZWii Z_[ ;[eXWY^'jkd] ZkhY^ Z[d ZWk[hdZ[d Ljhec led @[ZWda[d& ;_bZ[hd& GWY^'absd][d led @[ifhsY^[d kdZ ;hkY^ijuYa[d led @[\u^b[d [h'iY^m[hj m_hZ& Z[h ZkhY^ B^h[d @[_ij \b_[iij kdZ i[^h e\j B^h[:k\c[haiWca[_j led Z[h ;[eXWY^jkd] WXp_[^j( NdZ Zh_jj[di&ZWii [jmWi _d B^d[d& ieXWbZ L_[ c_j Z[h L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd]

#)

X[]_dd[d& pk f^WdjWi_[h[d Wd\sd]j& kdZ L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd] 'm[dd L_[ [i m_hab_Y^ l[hikY^[d ' _ij [_d ZWk[hdZ[h DWcf\ ][][d>_dX_bZkd](=_[i _ij dkd Z[h AWkfjfkdaj _d Z[h :hX[_j Wd i_Y^ i[bXij(

P[dd cWd [ha[ddj& ZWii Wbb[ LY^m_[h_]a[_j[d _d Z[h :hX[_j Wk\Z[h MWjiWY^[ X[hk^[d& ZWii cWd i_Y^ d_Y^j i[_d[h i[bXij [h_dd[hj&m[_ii cWd X[h[_ji& mWi cWd pk jkd ^Wj( FWd KRPP SCOPRAFCL! i_Y^i[_d[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd(Nc Z_[i pk jkd& ckii cWd c_j c[Y^Wd_iY^[d @[ZWda[d

ascf\[d& kdZ cWd ckii c_j >_dX_bZkd][d ascf\[d( P[dd cWdZ_[i ][m_ii[d^W\j kdZ WkiZWk[hdZ jkj& m_hZ cWd _d [_d[h l[h^sbj'd_icsii_] akhp[d S[_j >h][Xd_ii[ i[^[d( :X[h cWd ZWh\ d_Y^jZ[da[d& [i i[_ b[_Y^j& eZ[h cWd atdd[ Z_[i[ rXkd] ie\ehjX[^[hhiY^[d( =_[ rXkd] Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi& m_[ i_[ ][dWddjm_hZ& _ij iY^m[h [hb[hdXWh( L_[ ZWh\ d_Y^j Wk\ Z[h >hmWhjkd] led>h][Xd_ii[d ]hudZ[d& iedij l[hb_[hj cWd i_Y^ _d @[ZWda[d uX[hi[_d[ :dijh[d]kd][d( L_[ ckii Wk\ Z[h >ha[ddjd_i Z[h MWjiWY^[X[hk^[d& ZWii m_h kdi d_Y^j kdi[h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd& kdZ ZWii m_hkdi Z[ddeY^ kdi[h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd I[LLCL! m[dd m_h kdi Wk\iqkii[hij[ kdZ _d Z[h h_Y^j_][d P[_i[ Wdijh[d][d(P_h atdd[d _d Z[c :k][dXb_Ya& _d Z[c m_h [i mudiY^[d&

d_Y^j m_bb[djb_Y^ X[mkiij m[hZ[d& Z[dd m_h ^WX[d a[_d[ @[mWbjuX[h kdi[h[ ;[mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[( :X[h m_h atdd[d kdi kdi[h[hi[bXij \uh [_d[ akhp[ S[_j m_bb[djb_Y^ [h_dd[hd& m[_b m_h [_d[][m_ii[ A[hhiY^W\j uX[h kdi[h[ @[ZWda[d ^WX[d( NdZ m[dd m_hkdi kdi[h[h i[bXij c_j A_b\[ Z[h X[iedZ[h[d :dehZdkd][d kdi['h[h @[ZWda[d [h_dd[hd& ZWi ^[_iij& ZkhY^ Z_[ >ha[ddjd_i& ZWiim_h kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij d_Y^j [h_dd[hd5 ZWii d_[cWdZ i_Y^ i[_d[hi[bXij [h_dd[hj& kdZ _dZ[c m_h h[Wb_i_[h[d& mWi ZWc_j ][c[_dj _ij&m_hZ kdi Z_[i[ >ha[ddjd_i pkc ;[mkiiji[_d \u^h[d(L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii m_h Z[d iY^mWY^[d Ikdaj _d

kdi[h[h F[Y^Wd_i_[hj^[_j [djZ[Yaj ^WX[d( >i _ij Z_[i ZWi P_ii[d&ZWii m_h kdi d_Y^j kdi[h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd kdZ Z_[ >ha[ddjd_i&ZWii m_h l[hikY^[d atdd[d& kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd( F_jZ[c O[hij[^[d Z[h Gejm[dZ_]a[_j& kdi jWjisY^b_Y^ pk sdZ[hd&X[]_ddj Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z[h :hX[_j(

#*

Lfsj[h m[hZ[d L_[ b[hd[d& ZWii Z_[ IhWn_i Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi_d O[hX_dZkd] c_j L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd] kdZ Z[c DWcf\ ][][d>_dX_bZkd] d_Y^j dkh [_d[ fhWaj_iY^[ ;[Z[kjkd] ^Wj& iedZ[hdZWii i_[ WkY^ Z[d \[_dij[d ;[h[_Y^ kdi[h[i Lje\\m[Y^i[bi sdZ[hjkdZ X[ij_ccj[ Y^[c_iY^[ ' l_[bb[_Y^j X[ii[h ][iW]j& WbY^_c_ij_'iY^[ ' P_hakd][d _d kdi[h[c Dthf[h ^[hlehhk\j( Le ][bWd][dm_h led Z[h IioY^ebe]_[ pkh :bY^_c_[5 pkc @[ZWda[d Z[h MhWdi'\ehcWj_ed ]htX[h[h >b[c[dj[ _d \[_d[h[(

"L[bXij'>h_dd[hd kdZ i[_d[ P_hakd] Wk\ ZWi @[ZsY^jd_i m[hZ[dWk\ [_d[ f[hitdb_Y^[h[ :hj Wbi _c leh^[h][]Wd][d[d :XiY^d_jj _d7COPNCIQGSCL BCO 9CJ@PQCOD?FORLE RLB =CJQCOICLLQLGP! Z[c Z_[\eb][dZ[d IWhW]hWf^[d [djdecc[d i_dZ& X[iY^h_[X[d(#

((( Wbb[i& mWi c[_d[ O[hikY^[ Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi c_h ][p[_]j^Wjj[d& uX[hp[k]j[ c_Y^ i[^h XWbZ& ZWii _Y^ [_d[c S[JJGE LCRCL

7OM@JCK ECECL\@CO PQ?LB! ?RD B?P 7FGJMPMNFGC RLB =GPPCLPAF?DQ

@GPFCO LGAFQ ECPQMPPCL T?OCL ###

BY^ iW^& ZWii ZWi IheXb[c ZWh_d X[ijWdZ& Z_[ :k\c[haiWca[_jWk\ i_Y^ i[bXij pk b[da[d& e^d[ Z_[ Wk\ [jmWi WdZ[h[i ][h_Y^j[j[:k\c[haiWca[_j pk iY^msY^[d eZ[h Wk\pk][X[d( =WhuX[h ^_d'Wki aeddj[ i_Y^ Z_[i[i y[jmWi WdZ[h[iz ieme^b _d c_h Wbi WkY^Wkii[h^WbX led c_h X[\_dZ[d(;[h[_ji Z_[ [hij[d O[hikY^[ ((( p[_]j[d c_h Z_[ ZWh_d b_[][dZ[

Ft]b_Y^a[_j( @b[_Y^p[_j_] mkhZ[ c_h pm[_[hb[_ abWh(:bi [hij[i [haWddj[ _Y^& ZWii ZWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd Wbi >h][Xd_i

Z_[i[h F[j^eZ[ d_Y^ji c_j yL_Y^'i[bXij'\u^b[dz eZ[h yL[bXij':dWboi[z pk jkd ^Wj( >i mWh [_d d[k[h kdZ i[^h _dj[h[iiWdj[hSkijWdZ c_j [_d[c c[hamuhZ_] l[hjhWkj[d @[iY^cWYa(Sm[_j[di [haWddj[ _Y^& ZWii :k][dXb_Ya[ led L[bXij'>h_dd[hd

_c E[X[d lehaecc[d& m[dd WkY^ i[bj[d( Gkh ZWi WXi_Y^jb_Y^[

! I( =( Hkif[diao& (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK =RLBCO@?OCL! ;[hd& FudY^[d& P_[d+300& ,( :k\bW][ +312&& L( +1+

$!

>hp[k][d iebY^[h :k][dXb_Ya[ iY^k\ [_d[ >cf\_dZkd] led G[k'^[_j( Bd Z[h MWj mWh _Y^ i[_j \hu^ij[h D_dZ^[_j c_j _^d[d l[hjhWkj(L_[ jhWj[d [djm[Z[h _d d[k[d kdZ kd[hmWhj[j[d Nc][Xkd][dWk\& Wd [_d[c d[k[d Hhj& X[_ [_d[h K[_i[ kdj[h d[k[d F[diY^[d&m[dd cWd pkc ;[_if_[b fbtjpb_Y^ kc i_Y^ Xb_Yaj kdZ iW]j4 =GC

PCJQP?K 0AF RLB ?L BGCPCK 6OQ HZ[h _d i[^h [cej_edWb[d:k][dXb_Ya[d& _d :k][dXb_Ya[d Z[h @[\W^h& _d :k][dXb_Ya[d& _dZ[d[d cWd i[_d[d Def\ d_Y^j l[hb_[h[d ZWh\& ZW cWd i[_d[ [_][d[Lj_cc[ ^thj kdZ i_Y^ i[bXij led Wkii[d i_[^j kdZ X[eXWY^j[j(BY^ iW^ ]Wdp abWh& ZWii c[_d[ [hij[d E[X[di[h_dd[hkd][d _d

c[_d[c [_][d[d ?Wbb i[^h \hu^[ :k][dXb_Ya[ Z[i 9CJ@PQ",OGL"

LCOLP mWh[d( =_[i[ b[jpj[ >ha[ddjd_i [dj^ubbj[ c_h deY^ l_[b[iWdZ[h[( =Wi ^[_iij& _Y^ [haWddj[& ZWii _Y^ c_Y^ m_hab_Y^ dkh Wd`[d[ :k][dXb_Ya[ Z[h O[h]Wd][d^[_j [h_dd[hj[& me _Y^ c_Y^KCGLCO PCJ@PQ COGLLCOQ F?QQC# Oed Z[d WdZ[h[d TRPPQC GAF JCBGEJGAF!

B?PP PGC PQ?QQD?LBCL# BY^ X_d d_Y^j _cijWdZ[& i_[ m_[Z[h ltbb_] _diE[X[d pk hk\[d& i_[ deY^ [_dcWb pk ZkhY^b[X[d( :X[h Z_[ :k][d'Xb_Ya[& _d Z[d[d _Y^ c_Y^ c[_d[h i[bXij [h_dd[hj ^Wjj[& mWh[db[X[dZ_] kdZ kdj[hiY^_[Z[d i_Y^ _d a[_d[h P[_i[ led Z[h @[][d'mWhj( BY^ ^Wjj[ m[_j[h^_d :d]ij ZWleh& [dZ]ubj_][ LY^buii[ pkp_[^[d( :X[h _Y^ iW^ X[h[_ji& ZWii _Y^ Wk\ Z[h LY^m[bb[ pk [_d[hi[^h ]heii[d >djZ[Yakd] ijWdZ( =_[ LY^msY^[ kdZ Ndpkbsd]'b_Y^a[_j kdi[h[i >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][di ^Wjj[d c_Y^ iY^ed _c'c[h [hijWkdj( Le l_[b[i l[hiY^m_dZ[j( Bh][dZm_[ iW^ _Y^ ZWh_d Z_[AWkfjWXikhZ_jsj c[_d[i E[X[di( PWhkc iebb cWd ie l_[b [hb['X[d& m[dd cWd [i dWY^^[h l[h]_iij9 ?[hd[h bW] ZWh_d [jmWi>djmuhZ_][dZ[i( FWd \u^bj [jmWi& ZWi i[^h ]heii pk i[_d iY^[_djkdZ Z[daj& cWd m_hZ [i d_[ l[h][ii[d5 [_d eZ[h pm[_ CW^h[l[h][^[d& kdZ d_Y^ji Xb[_Xj ZWled uXh_]( Gkd mkhZ[ c_h abWh&mWhkc Z[c ie mWh kdZ mWhkc [i d_Y^j WdZ[hi i[_d aeddj[(P[dd kdi[h @[ZsY^jd_i jWjisY^b_Y^ dkh _d :k][dXb_Ya[d Z[iL[bXij'>h_dd[hdi b[X[dZ_] _ij& m_hZ Z[h @hkdZ i[_d[h :hckjabWh (((FWdY^cWb XhWY^j[ ZWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd a[_d[d >h\eb]5 pk

WdZ[h[d S[_j[d mkhZ[ [i led c[hamuhZ_][d ;[eXWY^jkd][dX[]b[_j[j(

$"

BY^ ifWp_[hj[ [_dcWb Z[d E_j[`d_` [djbWd] _d K_Y^jkd] Wk\ Z[dG[miao& kdZ jhejp Wbb c[_d[h :dijh[d]kd][d mWh _Y^ kd\s^_]&c[_d[ :k\c[haiWca[_j Wk\ ZWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd ][h_Y^j[j pk^Wbj[d( =[h Eshc& Z_[ ;[m[]kd]& Wbb[i b[daj[ c_Y^ WX( C[Z[d:k][dXb_Ya l[hbeh _Y^ Z[d ?WZ[d Z[h :k\c[haiWca[_j& \WdZ _^dm_[Z[h kdZ l[hbeh _^d m_[Z[hkc( LY^b_[iib_Y^ \u^bj[ _Y^ [_d[ :hjbsY^[hb_Y^[d qh][hi uX[h c_Y^ kdZ Xe] _d [_d[ LjhWii[ dWY^ b_dai[_d c_j Z[c \[ij[d OehiWjp& c[_d[ :k\c[haiWca[_j m[d_]ij[di\uh [_d_][ S[_j& `[Z[d\Wbbi X_i _Y^ Z_[ \eb][dZ[ LjhWii[ [hh[_Y^j^WX[d muhZ[& ZWhWk\ pk aedp[djh_[h[d& c_Y^ c[_d[h i[bXij pk[h_dd[hd( BY^ [hh[_Y^j[ Z_[ GWZ[`pZ_diaWoW& e^d[ Z[d ][ZWdab_'Y^[d ?WZ[d& Wkii[h l_[bb[_Y^j \uh akhp[ Fec[dj[& pk l[hb_[h[d(=Wdd m[dZ[j[ _Y^ c_Y^ m_[Z[h Z[c G[miao pk kdZ [haWddj[&ZWii [i c_h _d hk^_][h[d LjhWii[d b[_Y^j[h ][bWd]& Z[d ][ZWdab_'Y^[d ?WZ[d d_Y^j pk l[hb_[h[d kdZ mebbj[ [i ZW^[h WkY^ _dbshc_][h[d LjhWii[d l[hikY^[d( BY^ [hh[_Y^j[ Z[d G[miao& c_Y^m[_j[h^_d c[_d[h i[bXij [h_dd[hdZ& kdZ X[]Wdd X[h[_ji& Z[di[bjiWc[d @[\u^bipkijWdZ _dd[h[d ?h_[Z[di kdZ O[hjhWk[di pkl[hifuh[d& Z[d ]heii[ :dijh[d]kd][d Z_[i[h :hj dWY^ i_Y^ p_['^[d( @[hWZ[ kc Z_[ >Ya[ Wc G[miao mWh [_d MWXWabWZ[d& mec[_d[ S_]Wh[jj[d Wd][\[hj_]j mkhZ[d( F_Y^ m[_j[h^_d c[_d[hi[bXij [h_dd[hdZ& ][ZWY^j[ _Y^ Zehj lehpkifh[Y^[d kdZ [_d_][S_]Wh[jj[d pk X[ij[bb[d(Sm[_ LjkdZ[d ifsj[h COT?AFQC GAF _d Z[h MWmh_jiY^[iaW`W& ZWi

^[_iij m[_j m[] led Zehj( BY^ mWh c_j [_d[h BimeijiY^_a kdj[hm[]ipk Z[d =hkYa[hd( =_[ >cf\_dZkd] Z[i >hmWY^[di mWh Wkii[heh'Z[djb_Y^ b[X^W\j( BY^ aWdd X[_dW^[ iW][d& ZWii _Y^ WR KGO I?K#

Le\ehj [h_dd[hj[ _Y^ c_Y^ Wd Wbb[i( P_[ _Y^ [djbWd] Z[h GWZ[`p'Z_diaW`W ifWp_[hj mWh& m_[ _Y^ c_Y^ c[_d[h i[bXij [h_dd[hj ^Wjj[&m_[ _Y^ Wd S_]Wh[jj[d ][ZWY^j ^Wjj[ kdZ m_[ _Y^ X[_ Z_[i[c@[ZWda[d WdiY^[_d[dZ khfbtjpb_Y^ _d [_d[d j_[\[d LY^bW\ ][\Wbb[dkdZ ZWh_d l[hiY^mkdZ[d mWh( Ps^h[dZ _Y^ _d Z_[i[d LY^bW\l[hikda[d mWh& ^Wjj[ _Y^ m[_j[h^_d pkiWcc[d^sd][dZ[ kdZdujpb_Y^[ AWdZbkd][d Wki][\u^hj( BY^ ^Wjj[ Z[d MWXWamWh[d'^sdZb[h l[hbWii[d& mWh _d c[_d[ Pe^dkd] _d Z[h E_j[`d_` ][]Wd'][d kdZ ^Wjj[ c_j Z[d =hkYa[hd j[b[\ed_[hj( BY^ ^Wjj[ pm[_ ;h_[\[

$#

][iY^h_[X[d( =Wdd mWh _Y^ m_[Z[h Wki Z[c AWki ][]Wd][d( BY^mWh Wk\ Z[h b_da[d L[_j[ Z[i G[miao X_i pkc @eij_d_` =leh][]Wd][d _d Z[h :Xi_Y^j& pkh H\\_p[hiaW`W pk ][bWd][d( =Wdd^Wjj[ _Y^ c_Y^ WdZ[hi X[iedd[d& m[_b [i ifsj ][mehZ[d mWh( BY^^Wjj[ [_d[ BijmeijiY^_a ][Zkd][d kdZ mWh _d Z_[ DWlWb[h]WhZiaW`Wpk c[_d[d =hkYa[hd ][\W^h[d( NdZ kdj[hm[]i& ms^h[dZ Z[h?W^hj [djbWd] Z[h MWmh_jiY^[iaW`W& X[]Wdd _Y^ [_d[ i[bjiWc[Ndhk^[ pk l[hifuh[d& m_[ m[dd _Y^ [jmWi l[h][ii[d ^sjj[( ;LB

NJ[QWJGAF DGCJ KGO CGL! B?PP GAF SCOECPPCL F?QQC! KGAF KCGLCO PCJ@PQ WR

COGLLCOL#

":k\ i[_d[d O[hiWccbkd][d _d EedZed pm_iY^[d +3-/ kdZ +3.+kdZ `[d[d _d G[m Reha +3.. kdZ +3./ mkhZ[d Hkif[diao l_[b[?hW][d uX[h >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d kdZ P_[Z[ha[^h ][ij[bbj(=[h \eb][dZ[ :XiY^d_jj X[ij[^j Wki [_d[h K[aedijhkaj_ed Z[h:djmehj[d Wk\ [_d_][ Z_[i[h ?hW][d Wdbsiib_Y^ i[_d[h O[hiWcc'bkd][d _d EedZed( :XiY^d_jj i_[X[d l[hikY^j Wk\ s^db_Y^[ :hj[_d_][ Z[h _d G[m Reha ][][X[d[d :djmehj[d pk h[aedijhk'_[h[d( Nc [_d[d X[ii[h[d _dd[h[d SkiWcc[d^Wd] pk X[m_ha[dkdZ kc P_[Z[h^ebkd][d pk l[hc[_Z[d& i_dZ [_d_][ ?hW][d kd'j[hij[bbj eZ[h _d Hkif[diaoi :djmehj[d [_dX[pe][d mehZ[d(:dZ[hd\Wbbi [hiY^[_d[d i_[ _d :d\u^hkd]iijh_Y^[d& kc i_[ ledHkif[diaoi Pehj[d pk kdj[hiY^[_Z[d& Z_[ d_Y^j _d :d\u^hkd]i'ijh_Y^[ ][i[jpj i_dZ& ZW i_[ Z_[ AWkfjcWii[ Z[i M[nj[i WkicW'Y^[d( =_[ K[_^[d\eb][ Z[h ?hW][d mkhZ[ d[k Wd][ehZd[j& kdZdkh Z_[ mkhZ[d Wk\][decc[d& Z_[ i_Y^ Wk\ >h_dd[hkd]il[hct'][d kdZ P_[Z[ha[^h X[p_[^[d(#=Wi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d _ij [jmWi F[hamuhZ_][i( ;[_ `[Z[c

WhX[_j[j ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d WdZ[hi( >_d[h [h_dd[hj i_Y^ [^[h_d Z_[i[h K_Y^jkd]& [_d WdZ[h[h c[^h _d `[d[h( FWd aWdd d_Y^jiW][d& ZWi [_d[ i[_ X[ii[h Wbi ZWi WdZ[h[( =Wi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct'][d aWdd l[hbeh[d ][^[d5 [i ]_Xj ZW l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ Ljk\[d(>_d_][i aWdd l[h][ii[d kdZ ifsj[h ZkhY^ X[iedZ[h[ F[j^eZ[dm_[Z[h ^[hleh][^ebj m[hZ[d eZ[h [i aWdd ltbb_] l[hiY^m_dZ[d(

$$

yPWhkc ^WX[d [_d_][ E[kj[ X[ii[h[ :dbW][d pkc ;Wbbif_[b[dWbi WdZ[h[9z>i ]_Xj l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d led ;[m[]kd]ip[djh[d c_j

l[hiY^_[Z[d[d :hj[d led >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d( D[_d F[diY^ _ij][dWkie m_[ [_d WdZ[h[h( >_d[h aWdd ZWi [_d[ X[ii[h& [_d WdZ[h[h[jmWi WdZ[h[i( >i ]_Xj MWki[dZ[ led >_dZhuYa[d& ie ZWii Z_[DecX_dWj_ed[d _cc[h l[hiY^_[Z[d i_dZ( BY^ ^WX[ c[^hcWbi uX[hZ_[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[d :hj[d led F[diY^[d ][ifheY^[d ' F[diY^Gh( b& Gh( ,& Gh( - kdZ ie m[_j[h( >_d[h [h_dd[hj i_Y^ X[ii[h [_d[h :hjled >_dZhuYa[d& [_d WdZ[h[h [_d[h WdZ[h[d :hj(y;[ij[^j [_d E[X[d Wki Z[d >h_dd[hkd][d led [_d[c :k][d'

Xb_Ya pkc WdZ[h[d9zG[_d& ZWi _ij pk aecfb_p_[hj( L_[ m_ii[d& ZWii [i l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z['

d[ @[ZsY^jd_iWhj[d ]_Xj( NdZ ZWi @[ZsY^jd_i _ij fWii_l5 L_[m[dZ[d [i d_Y^j Wd( FWd aWdd ZWi E[X[d Wbi [_d[d Ihep[iiX[jhWY^j[d(yPWi aWdd cWd jkd& kc i[_d >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pk l[h'

X[ii[hd9zP[dd L_[ i_Y^ c[^h B^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd& m[hZ[d L_[ B^h

@[ZsY^jd_i l[hX[ii[hd(y;[leh _Y^ pkc Loij[c ij_[ii& ^Wjj[ _Y^ [_d[ i[^h Z[kjb_Y^[

>h_dd[hkd] Wd [jmWi& ZWi leh bWd][h S[_j ][iY^W^( P[dd _Y^ i_[dkd pkhuYahk\[& _ij i_[ dkh Z_[ >h_dd[hkd] [_d[h >h_dd[hkd](E_[]j ZWi ZWhWd& ZWii _Y^ [_d X_iiY^[d mWY^[h X_d9zPW^hiY^[_db_Y^ mWh i_[ c_j ijWha[h BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed l[haduf\j(

P[dd L_[ i_[ e^d[ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed X[jhWY^j[d& m_hZ i_[ iY^msY^[hm[hZ[d kdZ me^b l[hiY^m_dZ[d(yBij lebbijsdZ_][i L_Y^'d_Y^j'BZ[dj_\_p_[h[d L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d9zBZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d i_dZ pm[_ l[hiY^_[Z[d[

L[_j[d Z[h i[bX[d :d][b[][d^[_j(yBij [i led fhWaj_iY^[c Gkjp[d& i_Y^ Z_[ >h[_]d_ii[ i[_d[i

l[h]Wd][d[d E[X[di pk l[h][][dmshj_][d& m[dd cWd l[hikY^j&i_Y^ i[_d[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd9 BY^ c[_d[& _d Z[h :Xi_Y^j& i_[ \uh[_d[ ifsj[h[ P_[Z[ha[^h pk \_n_[h[d9zG[_d& ZWi _ij d_Y^j fhWaj_iY^( >hij[di cuii[d L_[ i_Y^[h i[_d& ZWii

[i [_d[ pkaud\j_][ P_[Z[ha[^h ]_Xj( Sm[_j[di cuii[d L_[ i_Y^[h

$%

i[_d& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd( P[dd L_[ [i i_Y^ m_[ `[jpj _dB^h[h ?hW][ lehij[bb[d& m_hZ [i i_Y^ _d >_dX_bZkd] l[hmWdZ[bd&d_Y^ji WdZ[h[i( :X[h m[dd L_[ pk Wbb[h[hij l[hikY^[d& i_Y^ B^h[hi[bXij pk [h_dd[hd& e^d[ [jmWi ^_dpkpkhu][d kdZ i_Y^ ZWdd ' m[ddL_[ atdd[d ' WkY^ Wd B^h l[h]Wd][d[i E[X[d [h_dd[hd kdZDh[kpm[][ pk \_dZ[d l[hikY^[d5 _d Z_[i[h O[hX_dZkd] m[hZ[d i_[ZWdd i[^h dujpb_Y^ i[_d( Gkh ]bWkX[d L_[ d_Y^j& ZWii L_[ [i jkdatdd[d5 L_[ atdd[d [i deY^ d_Y^j jkd(yPWi i_dZ Dh[kpm[][9zDh[kpm[][ i_dZ :k][dXb_Ya[& _d Z[d[d cWd yjkdz aWdd( >i

aeccj [_d :k][dXb_Ya& ZW cWd _d Z_[i[h :hX[_j [jmWi [hh[_Y^[daWdd eZ[h d_Y^j( P[dd [_d[ @[b[][d^[_j aeccj kdZ cWd i_[l[hiskcj& ie aeccj [_d[ m[_j[h[ l_[bb[_Y^j [hij dWY^ [_d[c CW^heZ[h deY^ ifsj[h( >i ]_Xj I[h_eZ[d kdj[h dehcWb[d ;[Z_d]kd][d&_d Z[d[d d_Y^ji ][iY^_[^j& kdZ ZWdd aeccj cWd pk [_d[cDh[kpm[]( =Wi ]Wdp[ E[X[d X[ij[^j Wki Dh[kpkd][d kdZLjhWii[d(P_[Z[ha[^h aWdd dujpb_Y^ i[_d& m[dd cWd i_Y^ pk [h_dd[hd kdZ

pk sdZ[hd X[]_ddj kdZ i_Y^ d_Y^j `[Z[i FWb [djbWd] Z[di[bX[d;W^d[d Zh[^j& iedZ[hd jkj& mWi cWd ctY^j[ kdZ mWi cWd \uhX[ii[h ^sbj( :X[h m[dd cWd d_Y^ji uX[h P_[Z[ha[^h m[_ii& eZ[hm[dd cWd ie]Wh ZWled m[_ii kdZ d_Y^ji kdj[hd_ccj& ie Xh_d]j ZWiuX[h^Wkfj a[_d[d Oehj[_b( =Wdd m[hZ[d Z_[i[bX[d =_d][ \uh][mt^db_Y^ m_[Z[h^ebj kdZ m_[Z[h^ebj(y@[^[ _Y^ h_Y^j_] _d Z[h :ddW^c[& ZWii Z_[ >ii[dp Z[i

F[diY^[d m_[Z[ha[^hj9z@Wdp h[Y^j( P_h m_ii[d i[^h m[d_] uX[h P_[Z[ha[^h( >_d[i

MW][i m[hZ[d m_h l_[bb[_Y^j ZWi pk iWcc[bd X[]_dd[d& mWi uX[hP_[Z[ha[^h ][iW]j mkhZ[ kdZ Wbi l[hbsiib_Y^ Wd][i[^[d m[hZ[daWdd5 ZWdd m[hZ[d m_h i[^[d& mWi m_h ZWled pk ^Wbj[d ^WX[d( :X[hX_i ZW^_d _ij i_[ dkh [_d[ M^[eh_[(P_[Z[ha[^h \_dZ[j _d Z[h >m_]a[_j ijWjj5 i_[ _ij d_Y^j ZWii[bX[

E[X[d( =_[i[i E[X[d [dZ[j& kdZ Z_[ S[_j [dZ[j( >i ]_Xj [_d[M^[eh_[& kdZ Z_[i[i Loij[c bsiij Z_[ M^[eh_[ pk& ZWii [_d[S[_jl[hbsd][hkd] ct]b_Y^ _ij( BY^ ^WX[ a[_d[ ;[m[_i[( ;[Z[d'a[d L_[& m_[l_[b[ O[hikY^[& Z_[ S[_j pk [h\ehiY^[d& led Lf_h_jkW'

$&

b_ij[d kdZ WdZ[h[d kdj[hdecc[d mkhZ[d( :X[h [i ]_Xj a[_d[;[m[_i[(=[h b[_Y^j[ij[ P[]& P_[Z[ha[^h pk ijkZ_[h[d& _ij ZWi LjkZ_kc

led D_dZ[hd( P[dd m_h ][dk] FWj[h_Wb ^sjj[d& atddj[d m_h l_[b[?hW][d X[Wdjmehj[d( PWhkc jWkY^[d pkc ;[_if_[b _d D_dZ[hdi[bjiWc[ G[_]kd][d Wk\& ]Wdp _c @[][diWjp pk _^h[h Nc][Xkd]kdZ ltbb_] d[kWhj_] \uh Z_[ E[kj[& Z_[ i_[ kc][X[d9 =_[i ]['iY^_[^j cWdY^cWb kdZ Wk\ l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d( NdZ [iatdd[d i[^h ijWha[ G[_]kd][d i[_d& Z_[ ZWi E[X[d sdZ[hd kdZ _d]sdpb_Y^ kd[hmWhj[j[ K_Y^jkd][d ][^[d& ms^h[dZ d_Y^ji _d Z[hO[h[hXkd] i_[ [habshj(P_[ _Y^ e\j ][iW]j ^WX[& \kdaj_ed_[hj Z_[ BZ[[ Z[h O[h[hXkd]

_c F[diY^[d d_Y^j( L_[ _ij [_d[ \WdjWij_iY^[ Oehij[bbkd]( L_[m_haj _d AkdZ[d kdZ I\[hZ[d& WX[h d_Y^j _d F[diY^[d(yLf_[bj ^_[h Z_[ ?hW][ Z[h Mof[d ^_d[_d9zCW& WX[h m_h m_ii[d d_Y^ji uX[h Mof[d( Skc_dZ[ij d_Y^j ]['

dk]& kc ZWhuX[h pk ifh[Y^[d( :ki Z_[i[c @hkdZ l[hij[^[d>bj[hd _^h[ D_dZ[h c[_ij d_Y^j& kdZ Z_[ D_dZ[h l[hij[^[d _^h[>bj[hd d_Y^j( L_[ atdd[d [_dWdZ[h d_[cWbi m_hab_Y^ Wkih[_Y^[dZeZ[h h_Y^j_] l[hij[^[d& Z[dd i_[ i_dZ ltbb_] l[hiY^_[Z[d[ E[kj[\uh[_dWdZ[h( ?h[cZ[& Z_[ i_Y^ h[_d pk\sbb_] Wd [_d[c X[ij_ccj[dIkdaj jhW\[d kdZ dkd m_[Z[h l[hiY^_[Z[d[ K_Y^jkd][d [_d'iY^bW][d(=Wi LjkZ_kc Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h ckii X[_c LjkZ_kc Z[i a_dZb_'

Y^[d @[_ij[i Wdi[jp[d5 X[iedZ[hi& X[leh i_[ pk ifh[Y^[d X[]_d'd[d( P[dd D_dZ[h i_Y^ Z_[i[h S[_j [h_dd[hj[d& muhZ[d _^d[di[^h _dj[h[iiWdj[ =_d][ m_[Z[h [_d\Wbb[d( :X[h m[dd i_[ pkifh[Y^[d X[]_dd[d& m[hZ[d i_[ kd]buYab_Y^[hm[_i[ h_Y^j_][ D_d'Z[h& kdZ dWY^ i[Y^i FedWj[d eZ[h [_d[c CW^h ^WX[d i_[ l[h][i'i[d( E[kj[ [h_dd[hd i_Y^ i[^h i[bj[d Wd ZWi& mWi i_[ leh^[h& _d[_d[c i[^h \hu^[d :bj[h& ZWY^j[d( P[dd i_[ ZWi atddj[d& muh'Z[d i_[ i_Y^ [h_dd[hd& m_[ i_[ Wbi >hmWY^i[d[ mWh[d( L_[ mWh[duX[h^Wkfj a[_d[ D_dZ[h5 i_[ mkhZ[d [hij ifsj[h pk D_dZ[hd(P[dd i_[ i_Y^ _^h[h \hu^[d =[dam[_i[ [h_dd[hj[d& ie msh[d [iZ_[ ]b[_Y^[d& m_[ i_[ >hmWY^i[d[ ^WX[d(yP_ii[d L_[& mWhkc [_d D_dZ i_Y^ Wki][h[Y^d[j i[_d[i [h'

$'

mWY^i[d[d @[_ij[i [h_dd[hj kdZ d_Y^j i[_d[i l[h]Wd][d[d a_dZ'b_Y^[d @[_ij[i9zP_h ^WX[d ie m[d_] FWj[h_Wb& dWY^ Z[c m_h khj[_b[d atdd[d(

BY^ ifh[Y^[ dkh led Z[h :hj& m_[ ][b[hdj m[hZ[d aWdd( G[^c[dL_[ Wd& m_h iebbj[d kdi ZWhWd [h_dd[hd& m_[ kdi[h @[_ij _d [_d[ci[^h \hu^[d :bj[h X[iY^W\\[d mWh& ct]b_Y^ij e^d[ ZWii i_Y^>_dX_bZkd] [_diY^b[_Y^j( G[^c[d L_[ Wd& m_h \sdZ[d ^[hWki& ZWii[h ie kdZ ie X[iY^W\\[d mWh( :bb[i& mWi m_h \sdZ[d& msh[FWj[h_Wb( Bd Z[h E_j[hWjkh \_dZ[d L_[ ^_[huX[h i[^h m[d_]& m[_bZ_[ E[kj[ d_Y^j l[hij[^[d& m_[ cWd P_[Z[ha[^h ijkZ_[h[d ckii&WX[h _c ;[h[_Y^ c[_d[h [_][d[d >h\W^hkd] X_d _Y^ Wk\ i[^h_dj[h[iiWdj[ =_d][ ][ijeii[d( >_d_][ E[kj[& Z_[ _Y^ aWddj[&^Wjj[d >h_dd[hkd][d _^h[h [hij[d E[X[di`W^h[& kdZ i_[ Wbb[ ^Wj'j[d Z[d >_dZhkYa& _^h[ =[dam[_i[ i[_ d_Y^j Z_[ [_d[i D_dZ[i][m[i[d( P_[ i_[ E[kj[d X[][]d[j[d& m_[ i_[ E[kj[ [haWddj[d '[i mWh a[_d[ a_dZb_Y^[ IioY^ebe]_[( L_[ ^Wjj[d [_d[d lebb Wki]['X_bZ[j[d O[hijWdZ c_j ]sdpb_Y^ [hmWY^i[d[d K[Waj_ed[d& m_[cWd _^d i_Y^ d_Y^j Wbi >h][Xd_i led i[Y^i FedWj[d kdX[mkiij[dE[X[di lehij[bb[d aWdd( LebY^[ @[_ij[h cuii[d pkleh [n_ij_[hj^WX[d& m[dd _^h[ >h_dd[hkd][d m_hab_Y^ h_Y^j_] mWh[d( :X[h&m_[ _Y^ iW]j[& _ij [i i[^h iY^m[h& FWj[h_Wb pk \_dZ[d& kdZ Z_[c[_ij[d E[kj[ [h_dd[hd i_Y^ Wd uX[h^Wkfj d_Y^ji(yPWhkc iebbj[ Z_[i \hu^[ @[ZsY^jd_i [hbtiY^[d& m[dd ZWi

D_dZ pk ifh[Y^[d X[]_ddj9z=Wi D_dZ X[]_ddj& WdZ[h[ D_dZ[h dWY^pkW^c[d kdZ ][dWk

ZWi pk jkd& mWi Z_[ >hmWY^i[d[d led _^c [hmWhj[d( L_[ [hmWh'j[d& ZWii [i [_d Zkcc[i D_dZ _ij& kdZ [i m_hZ [_d Zkcc[i D_dZ(yP_[ aWdd cWd m_ii[d& Wd mWi i_Y^ [_d D_dZ [h_dd[hj9 BY^

ZWY^j[& ZWii cWd c_j ltbb_] b[[h[d S[djh[d ][Xeh[d m_hZ kdZZWii cWd i_Y^ c_j A_b\[ Z[h S[djh[d [h_dd[hj(z=_[i _ij [_d[ i[bjiWc[ LWY^[( =[ddeY^ ^WX[d Z_[ E[kj[& led

Z[d[d _Y^ ifhWY^ kdZ Z_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j i[^h led WdZ[h[d kdj[hiY^[_'Z[d& ie]Wh ]Wdp X[ij_ccj[ >h_dd[hkd][d _^h[h [hij[d FedWj[&kdZ i_[ ]bWkX[d& =_d][ m_[ >hmWY^i[d[ mW^h][decc[d pk^WX[d kdZ d_Y^j m_[ D_dZ[h( L_[ l[hikY^[d d_Y^j& audijb_Y^[>h_dd[hkd][d Wki p[hijh[kj[d kdZ XhkY^ijuYa^W\j[d >h_dd[hkd'

$(

][d pkiWcc[dpki[jp[d5 i_[ ^WX[d ]Wdp [_dZ[kj_][ >h_dd[hkd][dWd Aski[h& E[kj[ kdZ ie m[_j[h( L_[ iY^[_d[d [_d[ ltbb_] [hmWY^'i[d[ @[_ij[i^Wbjkd] ][^WXj pk ^WX[d(yBY^ aWdd c_Y^ Wd =_d][ _c :bj[h led pm[_ CW^h[d [h_dd[hd&

Z_[ uX[h^Wkfj d_Y^j ijWjj\WdZ[d( P_[ aWdd cWd uX[hfhu\[d& WdmWi [_d ;WXo i_Y^ [h_dd[hj& X[leh [i ifh[Y^[d aeddj[9zPe^[h m_ii[d L_[& ZWii i_[ d_Y^j ][iY^W^[d9 >i aeddj[ [_d

MhWkc ][m[i[d i[_d( BY^ ^Wjj[ [_d[ iebY^[ >h\W^hkd]( BY^ m[_iideY^& ZWii _Y^ Wbi ab[_d[i D_dZ Wd [_d[c Hhj _d Z[h Gs^[FeiaWki mWh& kdZ ZWi ;_bZ Z[i Hhj[i Xb_[X _d c[_d[c @[ZsY^j'd_i( Bd P_hab_Y^a[_j mWh _Y^ [hij l_[h CW^h[ ifsj[h Wd Z_[i[h Lj[bb[(:bi _Y^ ifsj[h Zehj^_d aWc& iW^ _Y^& ZWii Z[h Hhj d_Y^j ie mWh&m_[ _Y^ _^d _c @[ZsY^jd_i ^Wjj[& kdZ _Y^ [haWddj[& ZWii c[_d[>h_dd[hkd] [_d MhWkc ][m[i[d mWh(Sk Z[h ?hW][ \hu^[h[h E[X[d4 BY^ ]bWkX[& ZWii [_d_][ E[kj[

i_Y^ Wd [jmWi [h_dd[hd atdd[d& m[dd WkY^ i[^h i[bj[d& Z[dd i_Y^pk [h_dd[hd X[Z[kj[j X[h[_ji [_d[d ][m_ii[d @hWZ Z[h >djm_Ya'bkd]( =[h ][mt^db_Y^[ F[diY^ ' Gh( b& Gh( , kdZ Gh( - ' ^Wj a[_dHh]Wd \uh iebY^ [_d @[ZsY^jd_i( =_[ >ii[dp _ij c[Y^Wd_iY^( L_[b[Xj d_Y^j Wki i_Y^ i[bXij5 i_[ ^Wj a[_d[d X[iedZ[h[d =[daWffW'hWj& iedZ[hd ckii ZkhY^ Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j Z[da[d& kdZ Z_[I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ^Wj a[_d[ >h\W^hkd](yPWi c[_dj[d L_[& Wbi L_[ iW]j[d 6;[eXWY^j[d L_[ D_dZ[h89z@[hWZ[ ZWi _ij ie iY^m[h( P[dd L_[ [_d[ K[_^[ led M[dZ[d'

p[d X[eXWY^j[d& atdd[d L_[ Wk\ ltbb_] uX[hhWiY^[dZ[ M[dZ[dp[dijeii[d( L_[ atdd[d d_Y^j iW][d& i_[ i[_[d ZWi >h][Xd_i [_d[hX[ij_ccj[d NhiWY^[ eZ[h Nc][Xkd]& m[_b ltbb_] kd[hmWhj[j[M[dZ[dp[d Wk\jWkY^[d kdZ l[hiY^m_dZ[d atdd[d( L_[ m[hZ[dms^h[dZ Z[i ifsj[h[d E[X[di \ehjZWk[hd( Bd [_d[c iebY^[d ?WbbaWdd Z_[ M[dZ[dp& ][csii Z[h M^[eh_[ Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h& _d [_d[cl_[b ifsj[h[d :bj[h [hmehX[d mehZ[d i[_d& kc ZWdd i[^h \hu^ _dZ_[i[c E[X[d Wk\pkjWkY^[d(yDWdd [i ZWdd lec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h Wki d_Y^j

i[_d& ZWii [_d_][ m_Y^j_][ AWdZbkd][d& Z_[ m_h led `[jpj Wd X_ipkc S[_jfkdaj kdi[h[i MeZ[i X[][^[d& _d Z[h MWj \uh kdi[h[G[_]kd][d l[hWdjmehjb_Y^ i_dZ9z

$)

L_[ c[_d[d& _c l[h]Wd][d[d E[X[d( =khY^Wki ct]b_Y^( ;['Z[da[d L_[ `[ZeY^& ZWii [i Z_[i[ :hX[_j \hu^[h dscb_Y^ deY^d_Y^j ]WX5 ct]b_Y^[hm[_i[ [_d[ WdZ[h[ :hX[_j "[i ]_Xj l_[b[:hj[d#& WX[h d_Y^j Z_[i[( L_[ [n_ij_[hj[ \hu^[h d_Y^j& Z[ii[d X_d_Y^ lebbaecc[d i_Y^[h(yBY^ c[_d[& ZWii [i [_d uX[hmsbj_][dZ[h @[ZWda[ _ij& ZWii m_h

_d Z[h S[_j X_i pk kdi[h[c MeZ[ l[h^sd]d_ilebb[ MWj[d X[][^[datddj[d& Z_[ kdi \uh ZWi dsY^ij[ FWb G[_]kd][d [_dfhs][d(z@[m_ii atdd[d m_h _d `[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya kdi[h[i E[X[di

G[_]kd][d [hp[k][d& Z_[ m_h ct]b_Y^[hm[_i[ ms^h[dZ p[^d E['X[d d_Y^j c[^h bei m[hZ[d( =[i^WbX m_hZ Z_[i[h Ikdaj _d Z[h_dZ_iY^[d E_j[hWjkh _cc[h m_[Z[h ^[hleh][^eX[d( >i cW] _dFshY^[d\ehc ][iY^[^[d& WX[h ZWi Ih_dp_f Xb[_Xj ZWii[bX[(yBij [i ct]b_Y^& c_jj[bi D_dZ^[_ji[h_dd[hkd][d [jmWi uX[h

>ii[dp pk b[hd[d9z=Wi atdd[d L_[& m[dd L_[ [_d ]kj[i @[ZsY^jd_i ^WX[d kdZ

=_d][ _d i_Y^ \_dZ[d& Z_[ i_Y^ ][sdZ[hj ^WX[d kdZ iebY^[& Z_[ i_Y^d_Y^j sdZ[hd(y@_Xj [i [_d :dp[_Y^[d& Wk\]hkdZ Z[ii[d L_[ iW][d atdd[d&

ZWii m_h d_Y^j iY^ed [_dcWb _d Z_[i[c AWki mWh[d9zG_[cWdZ aWdd ZWi iW][d( BY^ m[_ii b[Z_]b_Y^& ZWii _Y^ deY^

d_Y^j pkleh _d Z_[i[c AWki ][m[i[d X_d(y=Wdd mWh[d m_h [i WkY^ d_Y^j(zBY^ m[_ii d_Y^j( :X[h L_[ asc[d Z[h PW^h^[_j l_[b ds^[h&

m[dd L_[ c_j Z[c C[jpj Wbi Z[c [hij[d FWb Wd\Wd][d muhZ[d(P[dd m_h pkleh [jmWi jWj[d& ZWdd mWh [i _cc[h ie l_[b& m_[ X_iWd^_d ct]b_Y^ mWh(y;[Z[kj[j Z[h @[ZWda[ fWhWbb[b[h S[_j& ZWii Wbb[ :k][dXb_Ya[

WdZWk[hdZ [n_ij_[h[d9zCW& [i _ij i[^h iY^m[h& ZWhuX[h dWY^pkZ[da[d( L_Y^[hb_Y^

X[Z[kj[j [h >m_]a[_j Z[i :k][dXb_Yai& WX[h kdi[h O[hijWdZl[hij[^j [i d_Y^j Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj pk Z[da[d( Ndi[h O[hijWdZ _ij[_d[ i[^h X[iY^hsdaj[ FWiY^_d[( P_h cuii[d Wk\ Z_[ [_d\WY^ij[:hj Z[da[d kdZ Z_[i X[huYai_Y^j_][d( >i _ij [_d\WY^[h& Wd P_['Z[h^ebkd] pk Z[da[d Wbi Wd Z_[ [m_][ >n_ij[dp Z[i :k][dXb_Yai(L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii kdi[h O[hijWdZ Z_[ =_d][ d_Y^j

$*

WkiZhuYa[d aWdd& m_[ i_[ m_hab_Y^ i_dZ( P_h atdd[d dkh Wk\ [_d[:hj \ehckb_[h[d& Z_[ Z[h PW^h^[_j ds^[h aeccj Wbi ZWi ][mt^d'b_Y^[ =[da[d( F[^h _ij d_Y^j ct]b_Y^( Ndi[h O[hijWdZ kdZkdi[h[ LfhWY^[ i_dZ i[^h ]heX[ Bdijhkc[dj[& kdZ m_h ^WX[d [ic_j i[^h \[_d[d @[][dijsdZ[d kdZ \[_d[d ?hW][d pk jkd(yP[dd cWd Z[c Loij[c X[h[_ji _d [_d[h P_[Z[ha[^h X[][]'

d[j _ij& _ij [i Z_[ ?hW][& eX cWd _^c _c dsY^ij[d WkY^ m_[Z[hX[][]d[d m_hZ9z=Wi ^sd]j ZWled WX& m_[ cWd c_j Z[c Loij[c kc]_d]( FWd

atddj[ Z[c Loij[c X[][]d[d kdZ iW][d4 yPWi \uh [_d[d Ndi_ddZ_[i[ E[kj[ h[Z[d(z :bie ^sd]j [i ZWled WX& m_[l_[b Fu^[ cWd i_Y^][][X[d ^Wj( P[dd cWd i_Y^ Wdijh[d]j[& atddj[ cWd [jmWi [h'h[_Y^j ^WX[d& kdZ Z_[i atddj[ Xb[_X[d& m[dd [i d_Y^j b[Z_]b_Y^ M[_bZ[h 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ mWh5 m[dd [i d_Y^j dkh Wd[hpe][d mWh(yD[^hj cWd Wbi F[diY^ Gh( . m_[Z[h& m[dd cWd Wbi F[diY^

Gh( . ijWhX& eZ[h aWdd cWd ZWi >hh[_Y^j[ ZkhY^ GWY^W^c[dd[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[ kdZ ie m[_j[h l[hb_[h[d9zG[_d& dkh F[diY^ Gh( / aWdd Wbi F[diY^ Gh( / m_[Z[ha[^h[d(

O_[bb[_Y^j m[_ii [h [i d_Y^j& WX[h [h m_hZ [i b[_Y^j[h ^WX[d( Gh( .ckii m_[Z[h^eb[d& Wbb[hZ_d]i m_hZ [i \hu^[h kdZ b[_Y^j[h i[_d(yDWdd [_d[ G[_]kd] _d [_d[h P_[Z[ha[^h [_d[ @[me^d^[_j _d

Z[h dsY^ij[d i[_d9z=Wi aeccj Wk\ Z_[ G[_]kd] Wd( P[dd i_[ c[Y^Wd_iY^ _ij& m_hZ

i_[ pkh @[me^d^[_j m[hZ[d5 m[dd [i [_d[ X[mkiij[ G[_]kd] _ij&aWdd i_[ d_Y^j pkh @[me^d^[_j m[hZ[d& m[_b [i i_Y^ ZWX[_ kc pm[_l[hiY^_[Z[d[ =_d][ ^WdZ[bj( :bb[ [hmehX[d[d G[_]kd][d m_[Z[h'^eb[d i_Y^( >_d[ I[hied [hm_hXj Z_[ G[_]kd]& X[ij_ccj[ =_d][ pkijkZ_[h[d eZ[h i_Y^ \uh i_[ pk _dj[h[ii_[h[d( L_[ m_hZ m_[Z[h _dj[h'[ii_[hj i[_d( >_d[ WdZ[h[ I[hied [hm_hXj [_d[ G[_]kd]& leh X['ij_ccj[d =_d][d ZWledpkbWk\[d( L_[ m_hZ m_[Z[h ZWledbWk\[d(=_[i[ G[_]kd][d atdd[d i_Y^ l[hijsha[d eZ[h i_[ atdd[d _d [_d[WdZ[h[ K_Y^jkd] mWY^i[d( >i ]_Xj ie bWd][ a[_d[ @WhWdj_[& X_i cWd[_d[d ][m_ii[d @hWZ X[mkiij[h AWdZbkd]i\s^_]a[_j [hmehX[d ^Wj&[hij ZWdd X[ij[^j [_d[ ][m_ii[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j& i_Y^ i[bXij pk jhWk[d(yPuhZ[d L_[ [habsh[d& m_[ [_d F[diY^ pm[_ ]b[_Y^p[_j_][ E['

X[d i_ckbjWd _d pm[_ S[_jhskc[d pkh i[bX[d S[_j hu^h[d aWdd9z

%!

O_[b[i i_[^j kdct]b_Y^ Wki& WX[h dkh Z[i^WbX& m[_b kdi[h=[daWffWhWj d_Y^j Wkih[_Y^j& kc uX[h iebY^[ =_d][ dWY^pkZ[d'a[d( >h l[h[_d\WY^j Z_[ =_d][ pk ijWha( =_[i[ ?hW][d [h\ehZ[hdcWj^[cWj_iY^[i =[da[d( Skc ;[_if_[b atdd[d m_h kdi Z_[ S[_jd_Y^j Wbi Dkhl[& iedZ[hd dkh Wbi @[hWZ[ Z[da[d( P[dd m_h Z_[S[_j Wbi Dkhl[ Z[da[d atddj[d kdZ Wbb[ Bcfb_aWj_ed[d l[hijsd'Z[d& muhZ[ Z_[i[ ?hW][ _d B^d[d d_Y^j [djij[^[d( =_[iX[pu]b_Y^i_dZ m_h _d ][dWk Z[hi[bX[d EW][ m_[ [_d pm[_Z_c[di_edWb[iP[i[d& ZWi i_Y^ [_d[ Zh[_Z_c[di_edWb[ P[bj lehpkij[bb[d l[h'ikY^j( Bd P_hab_Y^a[_j ]_Xj [i a[_d Z[hWhj_][i IheXb[c( =WiIheXb[c _ij Z_[ Ljhkajkh kdi[h[i [_][d[d O[hijWdZ[i( S_[b kdi['h[h ]Wdp[d :hX[_j _ij& Z[d Zh_jj[d kdZ l_[hj[d ;[mkiiji[_dipk'ijWdZ pk [hh[_Y^[d& mWi X[Z[kj[j& c_jj[bi ^t^[h[h S[djh[d pkZ[da[d( P[dd m_h ZWi atddj[d& muhZ[d IheXb[c[ Z[i pkaud\j_'][d E[X[di& :XikhZ_jsj[d m_[ Z_[i[ ?hW][ dWY^ Z[h S[_j kdZ iem[_j[h& d_Y^j Wk\jWkY^[d( P_[ Z_[ =_d][ b_[][d& atdd[d m_h dkhj^[eh[j_i_[h[d( P_h m_ii[d c[^h eZ[h m[d_][h& m_[ m_h kdi Z_[i[dIheXb[c[d ds^[hd& WX[h m_h atdd[d d_Y^ji L_Y^[h[i m_ii[d(yDWdd [_d F[diY^ _d [_d[c E[X[d Gh( / i[_d kdZ _d [_d[c

WdZ[h[d ]b[_Y^p[_j_] Gh( -9z=Wi m[_ii _Y^ m_hab_Y^ d_Y^j( FWd aWdd Gh( / d_Y^j fbtjpb_Y^

m[hZ[d& cWd ckii i_Y^ bWd]iWc Wdds^[hd& kdZ m[dd [_d F[diY^i_Y^ Wkii[h^WbX [_d[h LY^kb[ _d K_Y^jkd] Wk\ Gh( / [djm_Ya[bj&ZWdd _ij ZWi [_d i[^h bWd]iWc[h Ihep[ii5 ZW^[h Z[da[ _Y^& ZWiiZ[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z led [_d[c E[X[d pkc WdZ[h[d d_Y^j ie ]heiii[_d m_hZ( BY^ aWdd dkh [_d[i ZWhuX[h iW][d( BY^ Z[da[& ZWii cWd[i ZWi dsY^ij[ FWb d_Y^j ltbb_] l[h][ii[d ^WX[d aWdd& m[dd cWdX[mkiij kdZ lebbijsdZ_] led P_[Z[ha[^h D[ddjd_i ^Wj kdZ uX[hi_[ ifh[Y^[d kdZ i_[ Wap[fj_[h[d aWdd( P[dd L_[ i_[ ZW^[hWap[fj_[h[d kdZ _d [_d[c E[X[d a[dd[d& X[ij[^j [_d[ ]kj[:kii_Y^j& i_Y^ ZWi dsY^ij[ FWb Wd l_[b c[^h pk [h_dd[hd( P_h^WX[d a[_d[ >h\W^hkd]im[hj[& WX[h L_[ m[hZ[d X[c[ha[d& m_[cWd _d E_j[hWjkh& @[iY^_Y^j[ kdZ I^_beief^_[ m_[Z[h kdZ m_[Z[hWk\ Z_[ BZ[[ Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h pkhuYaaeccj( L_[ ][hsj d_[ ltbb_] _dO[h][ii[d^[_j& WX[h i_[ _ij i[^h iY^m[h _d [_d[ Zh[_Z_c[di_edWb[P[bj [_dpkfWii[d( L_[ X[dtj_]j [_d[ \ud\Z_c[di_edWb[ P[bj& kdZ

%"

Z_[ ?hW][ Z[i >h_dd[hdi X[p_[^j i_Y^ _d Z[h MWj X[h[_ji Wk\ i[Y^i=_c[di_ed[d( Bd Z[h \ud\j[d =_c[di_ed a[^hj Z[h F[diY^ m_['Z[h kdZ m_[Z[h& e^d[ [i pk m_ii[d( L_Y^ pk [h_dd[hd X[Z[kj[j [_d][m_ii[i PWY^i[d _d Z[h i[Y^ij[d =_c[di_ed(=_c[di_ed[d atdd[d Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj [_d\WY^ l[hijWdZ[d m[h'

Z[d( =_[ l_[hj[ =_c[di_ed _ij ZWi >ha[dd[d [_d[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j _d`[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya5 mWi m_h S[_j d[dd[d( =_[ \ud\j[ =_c[di_ed_ij Z_[ P_[Z[h^ebkd] ^_[hled( =_[ i[Y^ij[ =_c[di_ed _ij ZWi>ha[dd[d SCOPAFGCBCLCO Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d( :X[h [i _ij iY^m[h& ZWh'uX[h dWY^pkZ[da[d& iebWd][ m_h kdi S[_j Wbi [_d[ @[hWZ[ leh'ij[bb[d( =Wi IheXb[c [n_ij_[hj d_Y^j m_hab_Y^5 [i _ij dkh kdi[h[LY^msY^[& d_Y^j c[^h(yBY^ l[hij[^[ d_Y^j& mWi L_[ c[_d[d& m[dd L_[ iW][d& Z_[

l_[hj[ =_c[di_ed i[_ ZWi >ha[dd[d [_d[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j(z=Wi E[X[d _ij Z_[ l_[hj[ =_c[di_ed& [_d Dh[_i& ZWi >ha[dd[d

[_d[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j( P[dd [i pk i[_d[c >dZ[ aeccj& X[][]d[j [iZ[c [_][d[d :d\Wd]( =[h :k][dXb_Ya Z[i MeZ[i [djifh_Y^j Z[c:k][dXb_Ya Z[h @[Xkhj& kdZ ZWdd X[]_ddj ZWi E[X[d led d[k'[c& l_[bb[_Y^j c_j ][h_d][d :Xm[_Y^kd][d& Z_[ d_Y^ji X[Z[kj[d(>i a[^hj _cc[h pkc i[bX[d @[b[_i[ pkhuYa( >_d[ AWkfjj[dZ[dppk X[[dZ[d& ZWi E[X[d Wk\ [_d[ ltbb_] WdZ[h[ :hj pk X[]_dd[d&m_hZ Z_[ i[Y^ij[ =_c[di_ed i[_d(P_h atdd[d kdi i_ckbjWd[ :k][dXb_Ya[ d_Y^j lehij[bb[d& m_h

cuii[d Wk\[_dWdZ[h\eb][dZ[ :k][dXb_Ya[ Wdd[^c[d& eXme^bi_[ Wk\ [_d[h WdZ[h[d LaWbW i_ckbjWd i_dZ( Skc ;[_if_[b _ijkdi[h[ [_][d[ >h\W^hkd] _d X[pk] Wk\ ab[_d[ IWhj_a[b m_[ >b[a'jhed[d Z[hWhj& ZWii _^h[ ,TGEICGQ _d kdi[h[h >CGQ b_[]j( PWhkcaWdd ZW^[h kdi[h TGCBCOFMJQCP (RDQOCQCL d_Y^j _d Z[h >CGQ Z[h>hZ[ ijWjj\_dZ[d9yOed c[_d[c O[hijsdZd_i Z[i @[ZsY^jd_ii[i ^[h i[^[ _Y^

d_Y^j& m_[ [i ct]b_Y^ i[_d iebb& i_Y^ [_d[h l[h]Wd][d[d P_[Z[h'a[^h pk [h_dd[hd( BY^ ZWY^j[& ZWi @[ZsY^jd_i X[hk^[ Wk\ Z[cBd^Wbj Z[h S[djh[d& Z_[ _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j b_[][d( P_[ aWddi_Y^ Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j Wd P_[Z[ha[^h [h_dd[hd9zL_[ atdd[d i_Y^ d_Y^j [h_dd[hd& m[dd L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij d_Y^j

^_[h [h_dd[hd& _d Z_[i[h P_[Z[ha[^h( P_h ^WX[d pkleh ][b[Xj(

%#

O_[b[ MWjiWY^[d X[m[_i[d [i( =[h @hkdZ& mWhkc m_h kdi d_Y^j[h_dd[hd& b_[]j ZWhWd& ZWii m_h kdi d_Y^j kdi[h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hj^WX[d( =Wii[bX[ jh_\\j Wk\ Z_[i[i E[X[d pk( P_h [h_dd[hd kdid_Y^j m_hab_Y^ Z[h =_d][& Z_[ m_h c[Y^Wd_iY^ jkd& m_h m_ii[d dkh&ZWii i_[ ijWjj\WdZ[d( Gkh ZkhY^ L[bXij'>h_dd[hd atdd[d m_h>_dp[b^[_j[d _c @[ZsY^jd_i X[^Wbj[d(I[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij _cc[h c_j >ii[dp l[hc_iY^j( =Wi @[ZsY^j'

d_i b_[]j _d Z[h >ii[dp& d_Y^j _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j& WX[h Z_[I[hitdb_Y^a[_j aWdd [i ltbb_] h_Y^j_] X[iY^h[_X[d& m[dd ZWi @['ZsY^jd_i ijWha ][dk] _ij(y>i _ij i[^h iY^m[h i_Y^ lehpkij[bb[d& ZWii cWd i_Y^ ZWhWk\

lehX[h[_j[j& Z[c Loij[c \hu^[h pk X[][]d[d(zL_[ atdd[d i_Y^ Wk\ d_Y^ji lehX[h[_j[d( Gkh i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij

[h_dd[hd& ZWdd m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ Z[h =_d][ X[ii[h [h_dd[hd( :bb[ib_[]j Wd Z[d d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d4 P_h ][d_[ii[d i_[ ie i[^h& ZWiim_h Wd d_Y^ji WdZ[h[c Bdj[h[ii[ ^WX[d( P[dd L_[ i_Y^ B^h[hi[bXij `[jpj [h_dd[hd& ZWdd ct][d L_[ i_Y^ ZWi dsY^ij[ FWb[h_dd[hd(yBij ZWi Z[h @hkdZ \uh ZWi 6A_[h mWh _Y^ iY^ed [_dcWb8

@[\u^b9 =Wi @[\u^b& X[h[_ji [_d LjuYa P_ii[d pk ^WX[d& ZWi cWdkdct]b_Y^ leh^[h [h\W^h[d ^WX[d aeddj[9zBY^ m_bb MWjiWY^[d( O_[bb[_Y^j ^WdZ[bj [i i_Y^ [_d\WY^ kc [_d

Wki l[hiY^_[Z[d[d Oehij[bbkd][d pkiWcc[d][i[jpj[i ;_bZ(P[dd L_[ i_Y^ m_hab_Y^ Wd [jmWi =[hWhj_][i [h_dd[hd& ie X[Z[kj[jZWi& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd atdd[d( P[dd L_[ i_Y^d_Y^j i[bXij'[h_dd[hd atdd[d& _ij [i dkh >_dX_bZkd](yDWdd pk\sbb_][i L[bXij'>h_dd[hd pk Z_[i[c Sm[Ya dujpb_Y^

i[_d9zSk\sbb_][i L[bXij'>h_dd[hd _ij [_d cec[djWd[i :k\Xb_jp[d(

FWd aWdd i_Y^ d_Y^j ZWhWk\ l[hbWii[d(=_[ [_dp_][ Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z[i PWdZ[bi X[]_ddj c_j Z[h Ft]'

b_Y^a[_j& ZWii L_[ Wd\Wd][d& i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij `[jpj pk [h_dd[hd(P_[Z[ha[^h _ij _dd[h^WbX Z[i Loij[ci d_Y^j dejm[dZ_]( L_[ cW]_dj[h[iiWdj eZ[h dujpb_Y^ i[_d5 L_[ atdd[d ie]Wh ZWc_j X[]_dd[d&WX[h \uh Z_[ jWjisY^b_Y^[ :hX[_j _ij Z[h @[ZWda[ Z[h P_[Z[ha[^hd_Y^j dejm[dZ_]( :ki Z_[i[c @hkdZ ^WX[d m_h led Z_[i[c

%$

Loij[c d_Y^ji ZWhuX[h [h\W^h[d5 i_[ aWc led Wkii[h^WbX& led Z[hE_j[hWjkh kdZ led c_h( =Wdd i[^[d L_[& ZWii i_[ fWiij5 i_[ ij[^jd_Y^j _c P_Z[hifhkY^( :X[h i_[ _ij d_Y^j dejm[dZ_]& Z[dd Wbb[i&mWi m_h jkd atdd[d& atdd[d m_h dkh _d Z_[i[c E[X[d jkd( P[ddm_h _d Z_[i[c E[X[d d_Y^ji jkd& ZWdd m_hZ ZWi dsY^ij[ E[X[d][dWkie i[_d& eZ[h [i aWdd _d b[_Y^j[d OWh_Wj_ed[d ZWii[bX[ i[_d&WX[h e^d[ m_hab_Y^[ qdZ[hkd](yDtdd[d L_[ [habsh[d& mWhkc O[hikY^[& i_Y^ i[bXij'pk'[h_d'

d[hd& ie [hcuZ[dZ pk i[_d iY^[_d[d& m[dd cWd [i uX[h bsd][h[S[_j l[hikY^j9z=[c cuiij[ d_Y^j ie i[_d( >_d[ ct]b_Y^[ >habshkd] X[ij[^j

ZWh_d& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] c_j B^h[d ][_ij_][d ;[cu^kd][dathf[hb_Y^ Wdijh[d][d( BY^ c[_d[& ZWii :dijh[d]kd][d& i_Y^ i[_d[hi[bXij pk [h_dd[hd& dkh ZWdd [hcuZ[dZ i[_d atdd[d& m[dd [jmWi?WbiY^[i ZWc_j l[hXkdZ[d m_hZ( Sk[hij i_dZ m_h kd\s^_]& kdi \uhbsd][h[ S[_j kdi[h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd& kdZ [i _ij uX[h^Wkfj X[ii[h&m[dd i_[ ZWhWd Z[da[d eZ[h F[j^eZ[d \_dZ[d& Z_[ B^d[d B^h[:Xi_Y^j ie e\j m_[ ct]b_Y^ _di @[ZsY^jd_i hk\j( >i aWdd [hcuZ[d&m[dd L_[ b[Z_]b_Y^ l[hikY^[d& i_Y^ ZWhWk\pk aedp[djh_[h[d( =Wi _ija[_d m_hab_Y^[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hd& iedZ[hd ZWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd _c@[ZsY^jd_i X[^Wbj[d( =Wi _ij WkY^ pk ;[]_dd Z[i LjkZ_kcidujpb_Y^& WX[h ifsj[h cuii[d L_[ WdZ[h[ F[j^eZ[d \_dZ[d(y:bb[ :dijh[d]kd][d Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi& Z_[ _Y^ kdj[hdec'

c[d ^WX[& iY^_[d[d d_[ j_[\[h pk ][^[d eZ[h [_d[ ^t^[h[ >X[d[pk [hh[_Y^[d( >i pk jkd& iY^[_dj _cc[h Wdijh[d][dZ pk i[_d(z@[dWk ZWhkc ][^j [i( L_[ cuii[d jkd& mWi L_[ atdd[d(

O[hikY^[d L_[ [hij& i_Y^ Wk\ Z_[ ][mt^db_Y^[ :hj Wd i_Y^ i[bXij pk[h_dd[hd& ZWdd _d iY^m_[h_][d :k][dXb_Ya[d& Z[d :k][dXb_Ya[d&_d Z[d[d L_[ i_Y^ Wc b[_Y^j[ij[d l[h][ii[d( GWY^ l_[b[d Z[hWhj_'][d P_[Z[h^ebkd][d m[hZ[d L_[ i[^[d& ZWii [i fbtjpb_Y^ Wk\ [_d[WdZ[h[ >X[d[ uX[h][^[d m_hZ( :X[h ZWi m_hZ e^d[ B^h[ [_][d[dZ_h[aj[d :dijh[d]kd][d ][iY^[^[d(yP[dd [_d F[diY^ [_d[d ^t^[h[d ;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ [h'

bWd]j& m_[ L[bXijX[mkiiji[_d& sdZ[hj i_Y^ ZWdd Z_[ @[iY^m_dZ_]'a[_j i[_d[h ?kdaj_ed[d9 F_j WdZ[h[d Pehj[d& aWdd [h `[cWbi^e\\[d& [_d >_dZhkYa m[hZ[ \uh _^d bsd][h Wbi [_d[ p[^djWki[dZ'

%%

ij[b L[akdZ[& [_d :j[cpk] bsd][h Wbi Zh[_ L[akdZ[d kdZ iem[_j[h ZWk[hd9z=_[ @[iY^m_dZ_]a[_j Z[h ?kdaj_ed[d aWdd i_Y^ sdZ[hd( =_[i

[djifh_Y^j d_Y^j Z[h =Wk[h led >_dZhuYa[d& kdZ [i _ij dkjpbei&Z[d Ndj[hiY^_[Z pk kdj[hikY^[d( =_[ >_dZhuYa[ ZWk[hd ZWddbsd][h( P[dd m_h lec p[^djWki[dZij[d M[_b [_d[h L[akdZ[ifh[Y^[d& X[p_[^[d m_h kdi dkh Wk\ [_d[d >_dZhkYa Z[i _dj[bb[a'jk[bb[d S[djhkci( >i ]_Xj m[_j[h[(yP[dd [_d[ S[bb[ i_Y^ _^h[h ?kdaj_ed Wbi M[_b [_d[i F[diY^[d

X[mkiij muhZ[& muhZ[ i_[ l[h][ii[d& ZWii i_[ [_d[ S[bb[ _ij9P[dd Z[c[djifh[Y^[dZ [_d F[diY^ i_Y^ Z[h :hj X[mkiij muhZ[&_d Z[h [h pkc ;[_if_[b pkc E[X[d [_d[i Lj[hdi X[_jhs]j& muhZ[ [hZ_[ >h_dd[hkd] Wd i[_d E[X[d Wbi F[diY^ l[hb_[h[d kdZ WkiZ[c Dh[_i i_Y^ [dZbei m_[Z[h^eb[dZ[h E[X[diifWdd[d l[h'iY^m_dZ[d9z@[dWk _c @[][dj[_b( >_d[ S[bb[ muhZ[ ZWhWd Z[da[d& ZWii i_[

[_d[ S[bb[ mWh( =Wii[bX[ ]_bj \uh Z[d F[diY^[d ' [h muhZ[ i_Y^ZWhWd [h_dd[hd& ZWii [h [_d F[diY^ mWh( >i msh[ ZWii[bX[ m_[L[bXij'>h_dd[hd( >h muhZ[ i[_d @[ZsY^jd_i d_Y^j l[hb_[h[d& ied'Z[hd @[ZsY^jd_i [hbWd][d(yP[dd cWd i[_d E[X[d pkhuYal[h\eb]j& i_[^j cWd X[ij_ccj[

Dh[kpm[][& Wd Z[d[d [_d[ >djiY^[_Zkd] ][\sbbj mkhZ[& Z_[ cWd\uh iY^b[Y^j ^sbj( @_Xj [i _h][dZ[jmWi& ZWi cWd _d Z_[i[h P_[Z[h'a[^h jkd aWdd& ie ZWii i_Y^ Z_[ PW^hiY^[_db_Y^a[_j& _d Z[hdsY^ij[d P_[Z[ha[^h Z[di[bX[d ?[^b[h pk X[][^[d& l[hh_d][hj9zCW& ][m_ii( FWd aWdd i_Y^ lehij[bb[d& ZWii cWd i_Y^ _d Z_[i[d

X[iedZ[h[d Ikdaj[d sdZ[hd aWdd& kdZ ZWdd ' m[dd ZWi =[da[dWkih[_Y^[dZ j_[\ _ij ' TGOB cWd i_Y^ [h_dd[hd( P[dd [i d_Y^j iej_[\ _ij& I?LL cWd i_Y^ [h_dd[hd( :k\ `[Z[d ?Wbb X[ij[^j Z_[Ft]b_Y^a[_j& ZWii cWd [i iY^b_[iib_Y^ iY^W\\j& CQT?P LGAFQ WR QRL!

ZWi cWd pkleh Q?Q# O_[b[ Z[hWhj_][ @[ZWda[d kdZ =_d][ atdd[dled [_d[c E[X[d Wk\i WdZ[h[ uX[h][^[d( Skc ;[_if_[b \hW]j[`[cWdZ& mWi [_d[c Z_[ Oehij[bbkd] Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h X_[j[d atd'LC# P[dd cWd Z_[i[h Oehij[bbkd] _dj[bb[ajk[bb ][mW^h muhZ[kdZ m[dd Z_[ Oehij[bbkd] M[_b Z[h >ii[dp muhZ[ ' M[_b Z[hWbb][c[_d[d E[X[di^Wbjkd] ' ZWdd atddj[ cWd i_[ d_Y^j l[h][i'

%&

i[d& kdZ [i msh[ led Oehj[_b& \hu^ _c dsY^ij[d E[X[d ZWled pkm_ii[d(yAWj [_d F[diY^ _d `[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya ]Wdp X[ij_ccj[ Ft]'

b_Y^a[_j[d9z=_[ E[kj[ ]bWkX[d& [i ]sX[ l_[b[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d( Skc_dZ[ij

i_[^j [i ie Wki& WX[h _d P_hab_Y^a[_j ]_Xj [i dkh [_d[ Ft]b_Y^a[_jeZ[h cWdY^cWb pm[_( =[h F[diY^ aWdd i_Y^ dkh _c L_dd[ Z[hi[Y^ij[d =_c[di_ed sdZ[hd( =_[ =_d][ ][iY^[^[d Wk\ [_d[ X['ij_ccj[ P[_i[& kdZ [_d[ Wki l_[b[d Wd][decc[d[d Ft]b_Y^a[_'j[d m_hZ _d `[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya mW^h][decc[d& kdZ ZWi [h]_XjZ_[ E_d_[ Z[h l_[hj[d =_c[di_ed( :X[h X[mkiij[ qdZ[hkd]& pk[_d[c X[ij_ccj[d Sm[Ya& mWi Z_[ BZ[[ Z[h :hX[_j _ij& Z_[ BZ[[Z[h >djm_Yabkd]& m[dd L_[ _d Z_[i[c Loij[c [hdij^W\j X[]_dd[d4=_[i _ij X[h[_ji [_d :d\Wd] Wk\ Z[h i[Y^ij[d =_c[di_ed(yL_[ iW]j[d& [i ]sX[ l_[bb[_Y^j pm[_ Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d _d [_d[c

X[ij_ccj[d :k][dXb_Ya( F[_d[d L_[ ZWc_j [_d[ c[Y^Wd_iY^[kdZ [_d[ WdZ[h[9zG[_d& [i aWdd c[^h[h[ c[Y^Wd_iY^[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d ][X[d&

Z[dd ab[_d[ :Xm[_Y^kd][d i_dZ ct]b_Y^& WX[h i_[ ][hWj[d _cc[h_d ZWii[bX[ @[b[_i[ pkhuYa(

yDtdd[d L_[ [_d_][ Z[h ?ehc[d d[dd[d& Z_[ Z_[ [hij[ X[mkiij[:dijh[d]kd] Wdd_ccj9zL_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij ][mW^h pk i[_d( =_[ b[X[dZ_][ Oehij[bbkd]

Z[i yBY^ X_d ^_[hz( :X[h a[_d[ Pehj[( ?u^b[d( PW^hd[^c[d&m[h kdZ me m_h i_dZ(BY^ hWj[ B^d[d& ^WkfjisY^b_Y^ uX[h ;[mkiiji[_d dWY^pkZ[d'

a[d( P_[ cWd pk l[hij[^[d Wd\sd]j& mWi ;[mkiiji[_d _ij& m_[cWd i_Y^ _^c ds^[hj( P_h atdd[d ;[_if_[b[ led ;[mkiiji[_d _dkdi[h[c [_][d[d l[h]Wd][d[d E[X[d \_dZ[d( >_d :k][dXb_YaZ[i ;[mkiiji[_di hk\j [_d[ ijWha[ >h_dd[hkd] ^[hleh5 m[dd m_hZW^[h :k][dXb_Ya[ abWh[h kdZ i[^h b[X^W\j[h >h_dd[hkd] _d Z[hO[h]Wd][d^[_j [djZ[Ya[d atdd[d& ie m_ii[d m_h& ZWii i_[ ZWi

%'

>h][Xd_i led ;[mkiiji[_d i_dZ( F_j [_d[c :k\Xb_jp[d Z[i ;['mkiiji[_di ^WX[d L_[ i[^h Z[kjb_Y^[ >h_dd[hkd][d5 Hhj& MW][i'p[_j& PeY^[djW] kdZ ie m[_j[h( =_[i[ :k][dXb_Ya[ led ;[mkiij'i[_d [h][X[d [_d[ i[^h b[X[dZ_][ >h_dd[hkd](yPsh[ [i _d [_d[c :k][dXb_Ya Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi ct]b_Y^&

[jmWi pk ^th[d& ZWi cWd ][mt^db_Y^ d_Y^j ^thj9z=khY^Wki ct]b_Y^5 WX[h [i aeccj ZWhWk\ Wd& mWi( L_[ atdd[d

d_Y^j [hmWhj[d& >d][b i_d][d pk ^th[d(=[h [_dp_][ P[]& i[_d >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pk l[hX[ii[hd&

b_[]j ZWh_d& X[mkiij[h pk i[_d( Bd a[_d[c WdZ[h[d Loij[c \_dZ[ji_Y^ [_d[ F[j^eZ[& ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pk l[hX[ii[hd( BdZ_[i[c Loij[c _ij i_[ ][dWk X[ij_ccj4 ,OGLLCOC +GAF +CGLCO

PCJ@PQ#

O_[bb[_Y^j d[^c[d L_[ i_Y^ Wc Feh][d leh& i_Y^ kc +, N^hB^h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd( =Wdd Z[da[d L_[ uX[h^Wkfj d_Y^jc[^h ZWhWd& WX[h l_[bb[_Y^j \sbbj [i B^d[d kc [_d N^h [_d( LebWk\[d Z_[ =_d][( :X[h m[dd L_[ m[_j[h ZWhWd WhX[_j[d& aWddZ_[i i[^h kd[hmWhj[j[ >h][Xd_ii[ p[_j_][d( >i ][^j [_dp_] kdZWbb[_d ZWhkc& Dedj_dk_jsj pk [hp[k][d( ?buY^j_][ >_dXb_Ya[aecc[d leh& WX[h Dedj_dk_jsj [h\ehZ[hj :dijh[d]kd]( @b[_Y^'p[_j_] Zuh\[d L_[ d_Y^j ]b[_Y^ [djckj_]j i[_d& Z[dd Z[h >h\eb] _dZ[h :hX[_j msY^ij bWd]iWc( FWdY^cWb [djiY^b_[ii[d i_Y^ [_d_][&Wbi rXkd] _d Z_[i[c Loij[c& i_Y^ Wc dsY^ij[d MW] pk [_d[hX[ij_ccj[d S[_j kdj[h X[ij_ccj[d NcijsdZ[d _^h[h i[bXij pk[h_dd[hd( Oeh Z[c Dh_[]& Wbi Z_[ E[kj[ dWY^ IWh_i \k^h[d& jhk]_Y^ _^d[d Wk\& i_Y^ Wd Z[h @Wh[ Zk GehZ _^h[h i[bXij pk [h_d'd[hd( D[_d[h aeddj[ [i( >_dcWb iebbj[ c_Y^ [_d ?h[kdZ Wd Z[h@Wh[ Zk GehZ jh[\\[d& kdZ _Y^ \ehZ[hj[ _^d Wk\& i_Y^& iem_[ [hZehj WdaWc& i[_d[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd( :X[h [h jWkY^j[ dkh c_j[_d[c i[^h X[ieh]j[d @[i_Y^j Wk\ kdZ iW]j[4 yBY^ ^WX[ [jmWil[h][ii[d& mehkc L_[ c_Y^ XWj[d& mWh [i [jmWi& ZWii _Y^ ^sjj[X[ieh][d iebb[d9zFWd ckii kdj[hiY^[_Z[d& mWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd _ij kdZ mWi

d_Y^j( Skc ;[_if_[b _ij [i [_d h_[i_][h Ndj[hiY^_[Z& i_Y^ Z[hSkiW][ pk [h_dd[hd& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ kc pmtb\ N^h B^h[h i[bXij[h_dd[hd mebbj[d kdZ Z[c jWjisY^b_Y^[d L[bXij'>h_dd[hd( FWd

%(

ckii kdX[Z_d]j pk Z[da[d b[hd[d( P_h ^WX[d l_[b Lje\\ pkch_Y^j_][d =[da[d& WX[h cWd ZWh\ [i d_Y^j l[h][ii[d(Nc _d Z_[i[c Loij[c ijsha[h pk m[hZ[d& cuii[d L_[ P_ii[d

kdZ L[_d WdiWcc[bd( =W ZWi L[_d c_j Z[h >h_dd[hkd] Z[ii[d&mWi m_h kdi l[hifheY^[d ^WX[d& pkiWcc[d^sd]j& atdd[d m_hkdi[h L[_d Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj ijsha[d( =_[ >h_dd[hkd] Wd kdi[h[F_ii[h\eb][ aWdd WkY^ i[^h dujpb_Y^ i[_d& WX[h cWdY^cWb _ij i_[ltbb_] kdXhWkY^XWh( P[dd L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h F_ii[h\eb][ [h_dd[hdkdZ m[_d[dZ ZWi_jp[d& eZ[h `[cWdZ WdZ[h[c Z_[ LY^kbZ ][X[d&m_hZ ZWi d_Y^j ^[b\[d(y=Wi >cf\Wd][d led >_dZhuYa[d _ij [_d c[Y^Wd_iY^[h Oeh'

]Wd]& d_Y^j mW^h9zL_[ m[hZ[d Wk\ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d X[dkjpj( G[^c[d L_[

P_ii[d ' cWd aWdd c_j ][du][dZ Y^_d[i_iY^[d Pthj[hd <^_d['i_iY^ b[hd[d( P[dd cWd ][du][dZ cki_aWb_iY^[ >_dZhuYa[ iWc'c[bj& l[hij[^j cWd Fki_a( ;[m[]kd]i[d[h]_[ iWcc[bj >h_dd['hkd][d [_d[h LjhWii[ eZ[h [_d[i Hhj[i(yLW]j[d L_[& ZWi FW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc i[_ [_d[ @hkff[ X['

ijsdZ_][h Bdj[h[ii[d9 PuhZ[d L_[ ZWi [hbskj[hd9zCW( P[dd m_h kdi [h_dd[hd atddj[d& mWi m_h b[jpj[ PeY^[&

b[jpj[d FedWj& b[jpj[i CW^h ][hd[ ^Wjj[d ' m[dd m_h kdi [h_dd[hdatddj[d ' ie muhZ[ ZWi [_d f[hcWd[dj[i @hWl_jWj_edip[djhkcX_bZ[d( Bc Wbb][c[_d[d l[h][ii[d m_h( :X[h m[dd m_h kdi [h_dd[hdatdd[d kdZ ZWc_j \ehj\W^h[d& Z_[i[bX[d =_d][ pk b_[X[d& X[m_hajZ_[i [_d @hWl_jWj_edip[djhkc( >i _ij ie]Wh X[ii[h i_Y^ Z[ii[d pk[h_dd[hd& mWi cWd WXb[^dj& Wbi i_Y^ ]Wh d_Y^j pk [h_dd[hd(yP_[ aWdd ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d Z[d MeZ uX[hb[X[d9z=[h MeZ _ij d_Y^ji& L_[ X[c[ha[d _^d l_[bb[_Y^j d_Y^j [_dcWb(

P[dd L_[ d_Y^j c[ha[d& ZWii L_[ ij[hX[d& m[hZ[d L_[ WkY^ d_Y^jc[ha[d& ZWii L_[ ][Xeh[d m[hZ[d(yBij Ndij[hXb_Y^a[_j \uh F[diY^ Gh( b& , kdZ - kdct]b_Y^9zCW& [h ckii F[diY^ Gh( / m[hZ[d( =Wi _ij CGLC :djmehj( :X[h

[i cW] WdZ[h[ :djmehj[d ][X[d( Skc ;[_if_[b atdd[d F[diY^Gh( b& , kdZ - lec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h [hd[kj b[X[d&m_[Z[h pkhuYaa[^h[d& WX[h i_[ [h_dd[hd i_Y^ d_Y^j( Nc i_Y^ pk[h_dd[hd& cuii[d i_[ F[diY^ Gh( / m[hZ[d(

%)

yPWi ][dWk m_hZ kdij[hXb_Y^& Z_[ >ii[dp eZ[h Z[h f^oi_iY^[Dthf[h kdZ Z_[ L[[b[9zGkh ZWi @[ZsY^jd_i( =[h Dthf[h m_hZ m_[Z[h ][Xeh[d5 Z_[

>ii[dp m_hZ m_[Z[h ][Xeh[d5 Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j m_hZ m_[Z[h][X_bZ[j( =W^[h _ij [i a[_d[ ?hW][ Z[h Ndij[hXb_Y^a[_j& iedZ[hdZ[i >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][di( P_h atdd[d p[^djWki[dZ FWb e^d[`[Z[d @[m_dd b[X[d& m[dd m_h kdi d_Y^j [h_dd[hd( P[dd c['Y^Wd_iY^[ Ndij[hXb_Y^a[_j ct]b_Y^ msh[& muhZ[ i_[ d_Y^ji duj'p[d( P_h cuii[d kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij kdZ Z[h @[][X[d^[_j[d[h_dd[hd5 `[ c[^h& Z[ije X[ii[h( P_[Z[h [hcW^d[ _Y^ L_[4 PWi[i pk [h_dd[hd ]_bj& _ij& ZWii m_h LGAFQ [h_dd[hd5 LGC [h_dd[hd kdZZWii m_h d_Y^j m_ii[d& ZWii m_h kdi d_Y^j [h_dd[hd(yAWX[ _Y^ L_[ ZW^_d][^[dZ h_Y^j_] l[hijWdZ[d& ZWii& m[dd

uX[h^Wkfj [jmWi& ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d uX[hb[Xj9zPW^hiY^[_db_Y^ d_Y^j ]Wdp5 m[_b ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d

][mt^db_Y^ Wbi [hij[i l[hiY^m_dZ[j& \Wbbi [jmWi uX[hb[Xj( =Wi>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d _ij i[^h kdX[ijsdZ_](y>i iY^[_dj c_h& ZWii m_h [hij [_dcWb [_d[d :k][dXb_Ya Z[i

>hmWY^[di _d Z_[i[c E[X[d [hh[_Y^[d iebbj[d kc pk [ha[dd[d&me m_h [_d[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j _c b[jpj[d E[X[d l[hiskcj ^WX[d(zL[^h ]kj( Gkh& jkd L_[ ZWi [hij [_dcWb(yP[dd _Y^ Wk\ Z_[ l[hiskcj[d @[b[][d^[_j[d _d Z_[i[c E['

X[d pkhuYaXb_Ya[& ^WX[ _Y^ ZWi @[\u^b& ZWii _Y^ dkh ZWdd ^sjj[WdZ[hi ^WdZ[bd atdd[d& m[dd _Y^ [_d WdZ[h[h F[diY^ ][m[i[dmsh[( Oed ZW^[h iY^[_dj c_h Z[h [_dp_][ P[]& Z_[ P_[Z[ha[^hpk X[[_d\bkii[d& Z[h& i[_d[ >ii[dp pk sdZ[hd(zP_[Z[hkc& i[^h dujpb_Y^( :X[h m_[ [hh[_Y^[d L_[ ZWi9yPuhZ[ Z_[ >h_dd[hkd] Wd [_d[ leh^[h][]Wd][d[ P_[Z[h'

a[^h [i ct]b_Y^ cWY^[d& i[_d[ AWdZbkd][d pk sdZ[hd9z=Wi m[_ii _Y^ d_Y^j( =Wi m[hZ[d L_[ i[^[d& m[dd L_[ i_[

^WX[d(y>_d[ P_[Z[ha[^h _ij d_Y^j ][dWkie m_[ ZWi E[X[d ZWleh&

d_Y^j mW^h9z=[h :d\Wd] _ij _cc[h Z[hi[bX[(y;[^Wbj[d m_h X[_ Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h led [_d[c E[X[d pkc

WdZ[h[d Z_[ i[bX[ L[_di[X[d[ X[_9z

%*

=WhuX[h ]_Xj [i l[hiY^_[Z[d[ M^[eh_[d( >_d[ M^[eh_[ X[iW]j&ZWii mWi cWd _d [_d[c E[X[d [hmehX[d ^Wj& i_Y^[h mWY^i[dm_hZ( :X[h [i ]_Xj l_[b[ WdZ[h[ M^[eh_[d(y@[^thj ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pkh >ii[dp9z>i _ij X[ii[h pk iW][d& ZWii [i c_j yBY^iz l[haduf\j _ij& Z_[ _d

Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j b_[][d( >i ]_Xj l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d led>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d4 ][mt^db_Y^[i @[ZsY^jd_i& >h_dd[hkd]Z[ii[d& mWi m_h ^th[d& >h_dd[hkd] Z_[i[i Loij[ci& >h_dd[hkd]Wd @[hkY^& >h_dd[hkd] Wd LjhWii[d( :X[h m_h ifh[Y^[d led Z[c>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d& ZWi m_h a[dd[d( =_[i[i >h_dd[hkd]il[h'ct][d aWdd i[^h b[_Y^j l[hZehX[d m[hZ[d(y>i ]_Xj E[kj[ c_j f^eje]hWf^_iY^[c @[ZsY^jd_i L_dZ i_[

X[mkiij[h9z>i ]_Xj l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d led @[ZsY^jd_i( L_[ ^WX[d

[_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj led >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d( >_d WdZ[h[h ^Wj[_d[ WdZ[h[ :hj( :X[h L_[ atdd[d B^h[ [_][d[ :hj Z[i >h_dd['hkd]il[hct][di X[ii[h eZ[h iY^b[Y^j[h dkjp[d& _dZ[c L_[ X['mkiij[h eZ[h m[d_][h X[mkiij i_dZ( >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d ]_Xj [i_d Wbb[d S[djh[d( >i cW] _d [_d_][d S[djh[d [_d X_iiY^[d X[ii[hi[_d Wbi _d WdZ[h[d& WX[h [i ]_Xj dkh [_d[ F[j^eZ[& kc ZWi>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pk ijsha[d ' _dZ[c cWd X[mkiij[h m_hZ(G_Y^j dkh ^Wj `[Z[i S[djhkc i[_d [_][d[i >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d&iedZ[hd [i ][^th[d [_d_][ :hj[d led >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pkh>ii[dp kdZ [_d_][ pkh I[hitdb_Y^a[_j(yBij ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d [_d[ ?kdaj_ed Z[i Dthf[hi9

DWdd [i c_j Z[h ;[m[]kd] l[h]b_Y^[d m[hZ[d9zL_[ atdd[d [i [_d[ Dthf[h\kdaj_ed d[dd[d& m[dd L_[ mebb[d(

:X[h mepk [i c_j Z[h ;[m[]kd] l[h]b[_Y^[d9 >_di _ij d_Y^j m_[ZWi WdZ[h[( =Wi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d _ij [jmWi _d kdi& l_[bb[_Y^j_d Z[h >ii[dp& l_[bb[_Y^j _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j( P_h [h_dd[hd kdi_d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j& WX[h Z_[ >h_dd[hkd] Wd @[iY^cWYa eZ[h@[hkY^ b_[]j _d Z[h >ii[dp( :X[h cWd [h_dd[hj i_Y^ _d P_hab_Y^'a[_j _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j(yPWi cuii[d m_h jkd kc pk l[hc[_Z[d& ZWii kdi[h >h_dd['

hkd]il[hct][d l[hZehX[d m_hZ9z:hX[_j[d L_[ pk[hij Wd Z[h >_dX_bZkd]5 ZWdd Wc Eu][d( =_[i[

&!

pm[_ =_d][ p[hijth[d kdi[h >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d( :bi m_h pk'[hij lec Eu][d ifhWY^[d& \WdZ[d [i Z_[ E[kj[ iedZ[hXWh5 i_[[haWddj[d d_Y^j& ZWii cWd i[_d >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d lebbijsd'Z_] p[hijth[d aWdd( Dscf\[d L_[ WkY^ c_j Z[h >_dX_bZkd]& d_Y^jdkh Wbi Lfehj eZ[h rXkd](yPWi aWdd kdi ZWX[_ ^[b\[d& Eu][d _d kdi i[bXij mW^hpk'

d[^c[d9z=W ]_Xj [i l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ =_d][5 Wbi [hij[i :dWboi[ led

?Waj[d& Pehj[d kdZ M^[eh_[d( >i ^_b\j i[^h& pk [ha[dd[d& m_[WdZ[h[ E[kj[ bu][d& kdZ ZWdd& [_d[i iY^td[d Feh][di& aWddcWd X[_ i_Y^ i[bXij X[]_dd[d(yS[hijthj Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[h'

ct][d9zCW& cWd aWdd iW][d& ZWii \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ZWi >h_dd['

hkd]il[hct][d [djm[Z[h p[hijthj eZ[h [djij[bbj(yBij Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j [_d[ ?ehc Z[h Eu][9zEWii[d L_[ Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j( L_[ _ij a[_d[ ?ehc Z[h

Eu][& i_[ _ij [_d[ :Xm[^h( BdZ[c cWd c_jj[bi Z[h LY^[_df[hitd'b_Y^a[_j kdWd][d[^c[ ?eb][d l[hc[_Z[j& aWdd cWd i_Y^ i[bXijWk\ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj \u^b[d(yK[ikbj_[hj Z_[i[i O[hZ[hX[d Z[i >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][di _d

[_d[h f^oi_ebe]_iY^[d qdZ[hkd]9zH^& `W >i aWdd jejWb[d PW^di_dd ^[hX[_\u^h[d( =_[ Wbj[d

IioY^ebe][d mkiij[d Z_[i( L_[ ifhWY^[d led Aoij[h_a[hd kdZ iem[_j[h( :X[h i_[ [haWddj[d d_Y^j& ZWii m_h ][hWZ[ ZkhY^ kdi[huXb_Y^[i fioY^ebe]_iY^[i Lf_[b ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d l[hZ[h'X[d atdd[d( BZ[[d [hbu][d& uX[h BZ[[d f^WdjWi_[h[d kdZ iem[_j[h(yP[bY^[ P_hakd] ^sjj[ ^Whj[ :hX[_j Wc @[ZWda[d'Ljeff[d

Wk\ Z_[ P_[Z[ha[^h9zHX h_Y^j_] eZ[h \WbiY^& [i Xb[_Xj l_[bl[hifh[Y^[dZ(yP_[ aWdd cWd ZW^_d ][bWd][d& >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d _d Z[h

P_[Z[ha[^h pk [djm_Ya[bd9z=Wi _ij i[^h _dj[h[iiWdj kdZ i[^h m_Y^j_]( >i _ij dejm[dZ_]& ZWi

>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pk [djm_Ya[bd& m_[ [i WkY^ ct]b_Y^ _ij& ZWi>h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d pk p[hijth[d( @[csii Z[h M^[eh_[ Z[h

&"

P_[Z[ha[^h _ij L[bXij'>h_dd[hd Z[h [_dp_][ P[]& ZWi >h_dd[hkd]i'l[hct][d pk [djm_Ya[bd( P[dd cWd i_Y^ i[_d[h i[bXij _d Z_[i[cE[X[d [h_dd[hj& m_hZ cWd i_Y^ WkY^ ZWi dsY^ij[ FWb [h_dd[hd(yBij [i ct]b_Y^& X[_ Z[h BZ[[ Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h [cej_edWb pk

\u^b[d9zCW& [i _ij ct]b_Y^& X[iedZ[hi& m[dd cWd WkY^ dkh [_d[ ab[_d[

>h_dd[hkd] ^Wj( BY^ c[_d[ d_Y^j Wbb[i& WX[h ie]Wh [_d[ iY^mWY^[>h_dd[hkd] aWdd _dj[h[iiWdj[i [cej_edWb[i O[hij[^[d [h][X[d(yP[dd cWd ZWi ijWha[ @[\u^b ^Wj& ZWii [_d >h[_]d_i X[h[_ji

pkleh ijWjj\WdZ& aWdd cWd [i ZWdd X[dkjp[d& kc ZWi >h_dd['hkd]il[hct][d pk [djm_Ya[bd9zH^& [i aWdd Wk\ l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d ][iY^[^[d5 dkh dWY^

i[^h bWd][c kdZ i[^h [hdij^W\j[c GWY^\ehiY^[d aWdd cWd pkZ[c LY^bkii aecc[d& ZWii [i i_Y^ ZWX[_ ct]b_Y^[hm[_i[ kcMWjiWY^[d ^WdZ[bj(yBY^ cWY^j[ c_h @[ZWda[d ZWhuX[h& eX [i kdi[h[h dsY^ij[d

P_[Z[ha[^h d_Y^j pkjhs]b_Y^ msh[& m[dd m_h c_j Z_[i[h :hX[_j[jmWi Wd\Wd][d atddj[d& X[leh m_h ij[hX[d(zCW& mWi pkleh ][iY^_[^j& aWdd X[ij_cc[d& mWi dWY^^[h Wk\

l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hj[d ][iY^_[^j( =Wi _ij d_Y^j P_[Z[ha[^h(=_[ ?hW][ _ij& m_[ cWd i_Y^ Wk\ Z_[ P_[Z[ha[^h lehX[h[_j[d

aWdd( G[^c[d L_[ Wd& L_[ mebbj[d _d [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d E[X[d[jmWi jkd& kdZ L_[ c[ha[d& ZWii L_[ [i d_Y^j jkd atdd[d( =Wi[h\ehZ[hj A_b\[( P[dd L_[ Z_[i[ A_b\[ d_Y^j f^oi_iY^ [h^Wbj[datdd[d& m[hZ[d L_[ ZWhuX[h dWY^Z[da[d kdZ [ha[dd[d& ZWii L_[i_Y^ Wk\ Z_[i[ A_b\[ ms^h[dZ Z[i leh^[h][]Wd][d[d E[X[dilehX[h[_j[d cuii[d( =_[i[i E[X[d _ij pk ifsj5 ZWi dsY^ij[ E[X[d_ij pk ifsj5 ZWi leh^[h][^[dZ[ E[X[d _ij Z_[ [_dp_][ <^WdY[(=[da[d L_[ ZWhuX[h dWY^( O_[bb[_Y^j l[hiskcj[d L_[ [_d[ @[b['][d^[_j( P[dd [_d F[diY^ c[haj& ZWii [h [jmWi d_Y^j jkd aWdd&Z[daj [h Wd [_d[ \hu^[h[ S[_j& pk Z[h [h [i l_[bb[_Y^j ^sjj[ jkdatdd[d& eZ[h l_[bb[_Y^j aeddj[ [h [i d_Y^j( =[da[d L_[ ZWhuX[hdWY^& mWi ZWi X[_d^Wbj[j(yAsjj[ [h d_Y^j [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ >h_dd[hkd] ^WX[d cuii[d& kc

?[^b[h _d i[_d[c l[h]Wd][d[d E[X[d eZ[h i[_d[d FWd][b WdOehX[h[_jkd] [ha[dd[d pk atdd[d9z

&#

>i ct][d a[_d[ ?[^b[h ZW ][m[i[d i[_d& b[Z_]b_Y^ FWd][b WdOehX[h[_jkd]( Otbb_] h_Y^j_]( FWd XhWkY^j OehX[h[_jkd]( FWdiW]j& cWd i[_ d_Y^j lehX[h[_j[j( O_[bb[_Y^j ^sjj[ cWd leh^[hlehX[h[_j[j i[_d atdd[d( Dtdd[d L_[ [jmWi ZWhWd sdZ[hd9 >i _ijiY^m[h& _Y^ m[_ii( :X[h cWd aWdd [ha[dd[d& ZWii cWd \uh [_d[X[ij_ccj[ LWY^[ d_Y^j lehX[h[_j[j _ij( P_h ifhWY^[d led i[Y^iMh_WZ[d( Bd [_d[h Mh_WZ[ atdd[d L_[ [_d[ LWY^[ jkd& _d [_d[hWdZ[h[d [jmWi WdZ[h[i( :X[h Z_[i sdZ[hj Wbb[ Oehij[bbkd][d ledP_[Z[ha[^h( PWi \uh [_d[d F[diY^[d h_Y^j_] i[_d atddj[& msh[\uh [_d[d WdZ[h[d d_Y^j h_Y^j_]( Skc ;[_if_[b iW]j[ _Y^& ZWiiie]Wh j^[eh[j_iY^[i P_ii[d led Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h kdi[h ]Wdp[iO[h^sbjd_i pkh P_[Z[ha[^h sdZ[hj( >i ^sd]j WkY^ ZWled WX& m_[j_[\ [_d F[diY^ m[_ii5 [i ]_Xj l_[b[ Ljk\[d(yDWdd ZWi @[i[jp Z[h L_[X[d _c A_dXb_Ya ZWhWk\ X[eXWY^j[j

m[hZ[d& m_[ =_d][ ][iY^[^[d eZ[h Wk\jWkY^[d9zrX[h ZWi @[i[jp Z[h L_[X[d atdd[d L_[ ifh[Y^[d& m[dd L_[

pm[_ Bdj[hlWbb[ _d [_d[h HajWl[ \_dZ[d(yDWdd cWd [i _d i[_d[h P_hakd] dkh uX[h [_d[d S[_jhWkc led

l_[b[d CW^h[d mW^hd[^c[d eZ[h ie\ehj9zL_[ atdd[d ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d X[dkjp[d( =Wi X[Z[k'

j[j d_Y^j& ZWii L_[ [_][djb_Y^[ MWjiWY^[d X[eXWY^j[d( NdZ L_[cuii[d pm[_ Bdj[hlWbb[ _d [_d[h HajWl[ i[^[d(yPWi aWdd cWd jkd& kc Z_[ Bbbki_ed Z[h S[_j pk l[hij[^[d9zFWd aWdd l[hij[^[d& ZWii [i ie [jmWi m_[ S[_j d_Y^j ]_Xj( NdZ

mWhkc9 P[_b [i MWjiWY^[d ]_Xj& Z_[ ZWi G_Y^jleh^WdZ[di[_d Z[hS[_j Wk\p[_][d( >m_][ P_[Z[ha[^h bsiij i_Y^ d_Y^j c_j kdi[h[c][][dmshj_][d S[_ji_dd l[h[_dXWh[d( =Wh_d b_[]j Z_[ ]Wdp[ LW'Y^[& Z[i^WbX ckii cWd Z[d S[_ji_dd beim[hZ[d( P_[Z[ha[^hX[p_[^j i_Y^ Wk\ >m_]a[_j& d_Y^j Wk\ S[_j(yDtdd[d m_h ZWi Fkij[h ZWled WX^Wbj[d& i_Y^ pk m_[Z[h'

^eb[d9zP[dd L_[ [_d ]kj[i >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d ^WX[d& atdd[d

L_[ [i(y;[^Wkfj[d L_[& ZWii [i m_hab_Y^ [jmWi WkicWY^[d muhZ[&

m[dd cWd Z_[ M^[eh_[ Z[h P_[Z[ha[^h Wap[fj_[hj9zP[dd cWd b[hdj& m[dd cWd WhX[_j[j& ]_Xj [i FWj[h_Wb pkc

&$

O[hij[^[d( P_h l[hm[dZ[d O[hij[^[d kdZ FWd][b Wd O[hij['^[d( P[dd m_h ][dk] Z[da[d& ct][d m_h [jmWi l[hij[^[d& kdZm_h atdd[d Z_[ P_[Z[ha[^h jWjisY^b_Y^ sdZ[hd(yPsh[ [i h_Y^j_] pk iW][d& Z[h [_dp_][ ;[m[_i \uh Z_[ P_['

Z[ha[^h b_[][ ZWh_d& ZWii i_Y^ _d Z_[i[c E[X[d [_d_][ E[kj[[h_dd[hd& pkleh ][b[Xj pk ^WX[d9zG[_d& ZWi _ij i[^h iY^mWY^( L[^h m[d_] E[kj[ [h_dd[hd i_Y^&

kdZ L_[ atdd[d _cc[h iW][d& ZWii i_[ bu][d(yPuhZ[ Z[h @bWkX[ Wd Z_[ P_[Z[ha[^h d_Y^j _d [_d[c ijWh'

a[d =hWd]& :dijh[d]kd][d pk kdj[hd[^c[d& h[ikbj_[h[d9z@bWkX[ m_hZ d_Y^j ^[b\[d5 @bWkX[ ijkcf\j WX5 [h ^Wj d_Y^j

][dk] DhW\j( :X[h X[_ Z[h b[X[dZ_][d :diY^Wkkd] atddj[ Z_[iZ[h ?Wbb i[_d(P_h atdd[d [_d_][ =_d][ ZkhY^ =[da[d l[hij[^[d( Skc

;[_if_[b Z_[ ?hW][& eX Wbb[ F[diY^[d _d ]b[_Y^[h P[_i[ led Z[hP_[Z[ha[^h X[hu^hj m[hZ[d( >i _ij kdct]b_Y^& [_d\WY^ `W eZ[hd[_d pk iW][d& m[_b ZWi& mWi Wk\ [_d[d F[diY^[d Wd][m[dZ[jm[hZ[d aWdd& i_Y^ d_Y^j Wk\ [_d[d WdZ[h[d Wdm[dZ[d bsiij( ?uh[_d[d F[diY^[d m[hZ[d [i Z_[i[bX[ LjhWii[& ZWii[bX[ AWki&Z_[i[bX[d DWjp[d i[_d( :X[h \uh WdZ[h[ F[diY^[d aWdd [iWdZ[hi i[_d( @heii[ =_Y^j[h& ]heii[ LY^h_\jij[bb[h cuii[d l_[b'b[_Y^j d_Y^j Z_[i[bX[d LjhWii[d ][^[d( L_[ atdd[d WdZ[h[ LjhWi'i[d ][^[d kdZ ZeY^ Z_[i[bX[d =_d][ jkd( =_[i[c Ndj[hiY^_[ZXhWkY^[d a[_d[ :dijh[d]kd][d pk]hkdZ[ pk b_[][d& iedZ[hd?s^_]a[_j[d& E[_ijkd] kdZ [_d m[_j[h Aeh_pedj Z[i =[da[dikdZ ?u^b[di( >_d ]heii[h =_Y^j[h XhWkY^j l_[bb[_Y^j Z_[i[bX[dO[hi[ d_Y^j deY^ [_dcWb pk iY^h[_X[d( O_[bb[_Y^j pe] [h d_Y^jWbb[i& WX[h ][dk]& Wki i[_d[h Nc][Xkd]& ie ZWii [h [jmWi Wd'Z[h[i fheX_[h[d aWdd& ZWi [h ZWi b[jpj[ FWb d_Y^j l[hikY^j[(yGWY^ Z[d Oehb[ikd][d \hW][d Z_[ E[kj[ _cc[h& eX ]heii[

=_Y^j[h ZWi L[_d led F[diY^ b& , kdZ - ^WX[d( Gkd iW][dL_[& ZWii [_d =_Y^j[h Z_[i[bX[ LWY^[ d_Y^j deY^ [_dcWb cWY^[dckii(zG[_d( >h cW] [_d ]heii[h =_Y^j[h i[_d kdZ Z[ddeY^ pkh

eX`[aj_l[d Dkdij ][^th[d( :dZ[h[& m[d_][h ]heii[ =_Y^j[hct][d eX`[aj_l[ Dkdij ^[hlehXh_d][d(

&%

=[da[d L_[ uX[h [_d_][ Z_[i[h BZ[[d dWY^& WX[h ]bWkX[d L_[d_Y^j& ZWii L_[ m_ii[d( >i ]_Xj l_[b[ OWh_Wj_ed[d& l_[b[ Ft]'b_Y^a[_j[d( =[da[d L_[& Z[dd [i ]_Xj d_Y^ji P_Y^j_][h[i \uhL_[(

&&

%(,)-02)3490/-(,.)-5

,GLC 9QRBGC \@CO BCL GK?EGLZOCL 4CLPAFCL

&(

&138135

=[h M[nj Z_[i[i DWf_j[bi _ij [_d[ K[aedijhkaj_ed led :dc[h'akd][d& Z_[ I( =( Hkif[diao Wdbsiib_Y^ led Mh[\\[d skii[hj[& Z_[pm_iY^[d +3-* kdZ +3.. ][^Wbj[d mkhZ[d( >_d_][ O[hsdZ[hkd][d_c PehjbWkj mWh[d kdl[hc[_Zb_Y^ X[_c O[hikY^& :djmehj[d Wk\?hW][d _d kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[d Dedj[nj[d pkiWcc[dpkij[bb[d kdZi_[ _d [_d[ K[_^[d\eb][ pk Xh_d][d5 WX[h [i mkhZ[ ieh]\sbj_]ZWhWk\ ][WY^j[j& Z_[ :di_Y^j[d Z[i :kjehi d_Y^j pk l[hsdZ[hdeZ[h _^d[d [jmWi ^_dpkpk\u][d( ?hW][d& Z_[ F_j]b_[Z[h ledHkif[diaoi @hkff[d ij[bbj[d& i_dZ _d :d\u^hkd]iijh_Y^[ ][i[jpj&kc i_[ led Hkif[diaoi Pehj[d pk kdj[hiY^[_Z[d& Z_[ d_Y^j _d:d\u^hkd]iijh_Y^[d ij[^[d(Bd Z_[i[c ;kY^ \_dZ[d i_Y^ Pehj[ kdZ :kiZhuYa[& Z_[ if[p_[b'

b[ ;[Z[kjkd][d _d SkiWcc[d^Wd] c_j [_d[c Loij[c Z[i O_[h'j[d P[]i ^WX[d& m[bY^[i Hkif[diao b[^hj[( =Wi ;kY^ aWdd leda[_d[c l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[d& Z[h Z_[i[ ;[Z[kjkd][d d_Y^j a[ddj(>i m_hZ ^_[h a[_d[ >hbskj[hkd] l[hikY^j& [hij[di m[_b Z_[i ;kY^\uh E[kj[ X[ij_ccj _ij& Z_[ Z_[ LfhWY^[ X[h[_ji a[dd[d& kdZpm[_j[di m[_b Z_[ >hbskj[hkd] Z[h X[iedZ[h[d ;[]h_\\[ _d Hki'f[diaoi l[ht\\[djb_Y^j[d P[ha[d pk \_dZ[d _ij& X[iedZ[hi _d <MK

0LLCOCL =?AFPQRK BCP 4CLPAFCL#

&)

Bd^Wbj

,LQTGAIJRLE BCP .CTGPPCLP B?P >GCJ BGCPCP 9VPQCKP " 7RDDCO CGL /GLBCOLGP

D\O BGC ,LQTGAIJRLE BCP .CTGPPCLP " 5MQTCLBGEICGQ KMO?JGPAFCL ,KNDGL"

BCLP " 7RDDCO RLB .CTGPPCL " )CBCRQRLE SML ^9CCJC_ GL BGCPCK 9VPQCK "

9CCJC D\QQCOQ BCL 4MLB " 4MLB GL PGAF COPAF?DDCL " <GCJD?JQ RLPCOCP 9CGLP RLB

(@TCPCLFCGQ CGLCP NCOK?LCLQCL ^0AF_ " -GLBCL BCPPCL! T?P GL PGAF BROAF

;LQCOPAFCGBCL WTGPAFCL ^0AF_ RLB BCK 8CPQ ECZLBCOQ TCOBCL I?LL " -\LD

)CBCRQRLECL BCP =MOQCP ^0AF_ " 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ " ,PPCLW RLB 7COP[L"

JGAFICGQ RLB GFOC )CWGCFRLE WR 9AFGAIP?J RLB >RD?JJ " .CPCQWC RLB ,GLDJ\PPC

" 9QRBGRK BCO 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ ?JP 4GQQCJ! B?P 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL WR JCOLCL

" 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ RLB LCE?QGSC .CD\FJC " 2CLLCLJCOLCL BCO 9AFCGLNCO"

P[LJGAFICGQ RLB -GLBCL GFOCP /?RNQWRECP " 8GAFQGEC :CGJRLE PCGLCO PCJ@PQ "

.CD?FO! WTCG WR TCOBCL " 2OGPQ?JJGP?QGML " 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ SCOQCGBGEQ

PGAF " 9Q?QGPAFC :OG?BC " =COQPAFZQWRLE

&*

=Wi S_[b Z_[i[i Loij[ci _ij& Z[d F[diY^[d pkc @[m_ii[d pkXh_d][d( @[m_ii[d _ij [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ JkWb_jsj& Z_[ i_Y^ _d `[Z[cdehcWb[d F[diY^[d \_dZ[j( Bd Z[h MWj _ij [i [_d WdZ[h[h :ki'ZhkYa Z[hi[bX[d JkWb_jsj m_[ ;[mkiiji[_d& dkh WhX[_j[j ;[mkiij'i[_d c[^h Wk\ Z[h _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d L[_j[ kdZ @[m_ii[d c[^h Wk\Z[h cehWb_iY^[d "Z(^( [cej_edWb[d# L[_j[( =Wi @[m_ii[d ^_b\j[_d[c F[diY^[d pk [ha[dd[d& mWi _d i[_d[c [_][d[d O[h^Wbj[d]kj kdZ mWi iY^b[Y^j _ij( @[m_ii[d l[h[_dj Z_[ @[\u^b[( P_hatdd[d Wc i[bX[d MW] [_d[ ]heii[ O_[bpW^b m_Z[hifhuY^b_Y^[h@[\u^b[ [h\W^h[d& Wd][d[^c[ kdZ kdWd][d[^c[ Z[c i[bX[d@[][dijWdZ ][][duX[h& [djm[Z[h [_d[ dWY^ Z[h WdZ[h[d eZ[hie]Wh ]b[_Y^p[_j_]& kdZ m_h X[c[ha[d Z_[ P_Z[hifhuY^[ d_Y^jWki FWd][b Wd @[m_ii[d( Ik\\[h ^_dZ[hd [_d yBY^z eZ[h [_d[I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ZWhWd& [_d[ WdZ[h[ pk i[^[d& WX[h _d [_d[c Sk'ijWdZ Z[i @[m_ii[di aeccj [_d F[diY^ d_Y^j ZWhkc ^[hkc& WbbZ_[i[ P_Z[hifhuY^[ mW^hpkd[^c[d( >h m_hZ i_Y^ Z[ii[d [h_d'd[hd& ZWii [h [jmWi Wc Feh][d iW]j[& [jmWi WdZ[h[i Wc GWY^'c_jjW] kdZ deY^ [jmWi WdZ[h[i Wc :X[dZ& WX[h _c ][mt^db_'Y^[d E[X[d m_hZ [h i_Y^ d_Y^j ZWhWd [h_dd[hd& eZ[h ' \Wbbi [h [ijkj ' m_hZ [h ZWhWk\ X[ij[^[d& d_Y^j pk m_ii[d& mWi ]kj _ij kdZmWi iY^b[Y^j(=[h P[] pkc @[m_ii[d \u^hj uX[h Z_[ S[hijthkd] led Ik\'

\[hd& kdZ Ik\\[h atdd[d ZkhY^ L[bXij'>h_dd[hd kdZ ZkhY^ L_Y^'d_Y^j'_Z[dj_\_p_[h[d p[hijthj m[hZ[d(=_[ BZ[[ Z[i @[m_ii[di kdZ Z_[ BZ[[ Z[h Ik\\[h X[Zuh\[d

bWd][d LjkZ_kci& WX[h m[dd m_h led Z[h cehWb_iY^[d L[_j[ Z_[i[iLoij[ci ifh[Y^[d& ie iebbj[ led :d\Wd] Wd l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[d&ZWii [_d F[diY^ [_d[d L_dd \uh ]kj kdZ iY^b[Y^j ^WX[d ckii(P[dd [h Z[d d_Y^j ^Wj& aWdd d_Y^ji \uh _^d ][jWd m[hZ[d( >hckii c_j [_d[c ][m_ii[d cehWb_iY^[d L_dd X[]_dd[d& [_d[c L_dd\uh h_Y^j_] eZ[h \WbiY^& kc c[^h pk X[aecc[d( >h ckii pk[hijZ_[ K[bWj_l_jsj Z[h ][mt^db_Y^[d FehWb l[hij[^[d& kdZ pm[_j[dickii [h Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j Z[i eX`[aj_l[d K_Y^j_] eZ[h ?WbiY^[ha[dd[d( >hij m[dd [h Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j led [_d[c eX`[aj_l[d

'"

kdZ f[hcWd[dj[d K_Y^j_] kdZ ?WbiY^ [_di_[^j& m_hZ [h Z_[ =_d][lec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z_[i[i Loij[ci Wki X[jhWY^j[d(@[m_ii[d _ij _d Z[h >ii[dp& d_Y^j _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j& ms^'

h[dZ ZWi FW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij& d_Y^j _dZ[h >ii[dp( =Wi FW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc m_hZ _d Z_[i[c E[X[d[hmehX[d( >i _ij _c _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d M[_b Z[i [cej_edWb[d S[d'jhkci& eX]b[_Y^ l_[bb[_Y^j WkY^ _c _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d M[_b Z[i _dj[b'b[ajk[bb[d S[djhkci& kdZ ^Wj ;'>_d\buii[ pkh @hkdZbW][(yFkii cWd Ik\\[h d_Y^j [dj\[hd[d& kc ZWi @[m_ii[d pk

[hm[Ya[d9z \hW]j[ `[cWdZ(P[dd Ik\\[h dkh iY^ed [hiY^ujj[hj m[hZ[d& [hmWY^j ZWi @['

m_ii[d(yP_[ aWdd cWd [djZ[Ya[d& m[bY^[i Z_[ [_][d[d Ik\\[h i_dZ9z

\hW]j[ [_d WdZ[h[h(FWdY^cWb ][^j [i( P[dd cWd Z_[ h_Y^j_][ Oehij[bbkd] led

Ik\\[hd ^Wj& aWdd cWd i[_d[ [_][d[d \_dZ[d(>i ]_Xj [_d[d ]heii[d Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d >djiY^kbZ_]kd][d

kdZ Ik\\[hd( >djiY^kbZ_]kd][d atdd[d `[Z[i FWb l[hiY^_[Z[di[_d& m[dd WX[h Z_[ >djiY^kbZ_]kd] `[Z[i FWb Z_[i[bX[ _ij& m_hZi_[ pkc Ik\\[h(Ik\\[h ij[^[d c_j @[m_ii[d _d O[hX_dZkd]( @[m_ii[d _ij [_d

Pehj& ZWi m_h ][mt^db_Y^ _d [_d[c aedl[dj_ed[bb[d L_dd l[h'm[dZ[d& kc [_d[ :hj Wd[hpe][d[h [cej_edWb[h @[me^d^[_j pkX[p[_Y^d[d( Bd PW^h^[_j _ij @[m_ii[d [_d[ X[iedZ[h[ ?s^_]a[_j&Z_[ `[Z[h X[i_jpj& WX[h Z_[ d_[cWdZ _c LY^bW\pkijWdZ ][XhWkY^[daWdd( L[bXij m[dd m_h ZWi @[m_ii[d \uh [_d[d :k][dXb_Ya pk\sb'b_] \u^b[d& m_hZ [i [_d[ i[^h iY^c[hp^W\j[ >h\W^hkd] i[_d& ieiY^c[hp^W\j& ZWii m_h [i ie]b[_Y^ beim[hZ[d mebb[d( E[kj[& _dZ[d[d ][b[][djb_Y^ ZWi @[m_ii[d \buY^j_] Wk\jWkY^j& [h\_dZ[d Wbb[:hj[d led F[j^eZ[d& kc Z_[i @[\u^b bei pk m[hZ[d( >i _ij Z_[?s^_]a[_j& Wbb ZWi ]b[_Y^p[_j_] pk \u^b[d& mWi m_h ][mt^db_Y^ K

l[hiY^_[Z[d[d S[_j[d \u^b[d( O[hikY^[d L_[ pk l[hij[^[d& ZWiiWbb kdi[h[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[d yBY^zi l[hiY^_[Z[d[ @[\u^b[ ^WX[d(>_d yBY^z \u^bj& ZWii [i [jmWi cW]& ms^h[dZ [_d WdZ[h[i [i ^Wiij&kdZ [_d[c Zh_jj[d yBY^z _ij [i ]b[_Y^( :X[h m_h \u^b[d Z_[i[=_d][ d_[ pkh ]b[_Y^[d S[_j& m[_b Ik\\[h pm_iY^[d _^d[d b_[][d(

'#

P[][d Z_[i[h Ik\\[h atdd[d m_h ZWi @[m_ii[d d_Y^j X[dkjp[d&atdd[d m_h d_Y^j ]b[_Y^p[_j_] pm[_ m_Z[hifhuY^b_Y^[ =_d][ \u^'b[d& Z_[ m_h pk l[hiY^_[Z[d[d S[_j[d \u^b[d( P[dd [_d F[diY^i_[ pk\sbb_] ]b[_Y^p[_j_] \u^bj& b[_Z[j [h( =W^[h i_dZ _d kdi[h[c][][dmshj_][d SkijWdZ Ik\\[h dejm[dZ_][ =_d][& e^d[ Z_[ [_dF[diY^ l[hhuYaj muhZ[( :X[h m[dd [h i_[ l[hij[^j kdZ i_Y^lehX[h[_j[j& ZWdd aWdd [h dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j Wd\Wd][d& Z_[ P_Z[h'ifhuY^[ pk p[hijth[d kdZ Z_[ Ik\\[h pk X[i[_j_][d(=Wi ;h[Y^[d [_d[h c[Y^Wd_iY^[d @[me^d^[_j& eX ]kj eZ[h

iY^b[Y^j& cW] kdX[gk[c i[_d& Z[dd m_h ^WX[d c[Y^Wd_iY^[ @['me^d^[_j[d m_[ O[h^Wbj[dih[][bd kdZ cehWb_iY^[ K[][bd& Z_[ m_h_d kdi[h[h >hp_[^kd] [h^Wbj[d( Bd Z[d c[_ij[d ?sbb[d [h\W^h[d m_hZW^[h ZWi @[m_ii[d d_Y^j5 m_h ^WX[d pk l_[b[ Ik\\[h( P_[ _Y^ iW]j[&]_Xj [i Mh[ddmsdZ[ pm_iY^[d kdi[h[d [cej_edWb[d AWbjkd][d&kdZ ZWi @[m_ii[d pk [h\W^h[d X[Z[kj[j& ^kdZ[hj =_d][ ]b[_Y^p[_j_]pk i[^[d( P[dd Mh[ddmsdZ[ l[hiY^m_dZ[d& m[hZ[d Wbb[ _dd[h[dP_Z[hifhuY^[ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] ][i[^[d( =Wi _ij i[^h kdWd][d[^c& kdZZW [i kdi[h ][me^dj[i E[X[difh_dp_f _ij& kdWd][d[^c[ >cf\_d'Zkd][d kdZ PW^hd[^ckd][d pk l[hc[_Z[d& bWk\[d m_h leh _^h[c:dXb_Ya ZWled( :k\ Z_[i[ :hj iY^W\\[d m_h _dd[h[ Ik\\[h( P_Z[h'ifhuY^[& Z_[ [_d[h dWY^ Z[c WdZ[h[d Wk\jWkY^[d& iY^[_d[d d_Y^jm_Z[hifhuY^b_Y^5 i_[ cuii[d ]b[_Y^p[_j_] ][i[^[d m[hZ[d(P_h i_dZ FWiY^_d[d kdZ cuii[d i[^[d& me m_h [jmWi sdZ[hd

atdd[d& Z[dd _d `[Z[h FWiY^_d[ ]_Xj [i _cc[h [_d[d Ikdaj& Wd Z[c[i ct]b_Y^ _ij Wdpk\Wd][d(FWdY^cWb \hW][d E[kj[& eX [i _h][dZ[jmWi ;[ijsdZ_][i _d kdi

]_Xj( Sm[_ =_d][ ]_Xj [i& Ik\\[h kdZ LY^msY^[d( =_[ LY^msY^[dm[hZ[d cWdY^cWb F[hacWb[ ][dWddj& WX[h i_[ i_dZ m_hab_Y^ dkhLY^msY^[d( C[Z[h ^Wj [_d[& pm[_ eZ[h Zh[_ X[iedZ[h[ LY^msY^[d&kdZ `[Z[h ^Wj X[ij_ccj[ Ik\\[h& Z_[ pk _^c ][^th[d( >h X[ij[^j WkiIk\\[hd& WX[h [_d_][ i_dZ X[iedZ[hi m_Y^j_]& m[_b i_[ Wbb[ i[_d[>djiY^[_Zkd][d kdZ i[_d ][iWcj[i O[hij[^[d X[[_d\bkii[d( =_[i[F[hacWb[ kdZ Ik\\[h i_dZ Wbb[i& mWi _d kdi X[ijsdZ_] ][dWddjm[hZ[d aWdd& kdZ [i _ij kdi[h @buYa& ZWii [i d_Y^ji I[hcWd[dj[h[i_d kdi ]_Xj& Z[dd Z_[i[ =_d][ I[LLCL ][sdZ[hj m[hZ[d(Ik\\[h i_dZ audijb_Y^5 i_[ i_dZ d_Y^j eh]Wd_iY^5 i_[ m[hZ[d

'$

^WkfjisY^b_Y^ ZkhY^ GWY^W^ckd] [hmehX[d( D_dZ[h X[]_dd[d&[hmWY^i[d[ E[kj[ dWY^pkW^c[d kdZ [hp[k][d ie [_d_][ _^h[hIk\\[h( :dZ[h[ m[hZ[d kdm_ii[djb_Y^ led Z[h >hp_[^kd] [hiY^W\'\[d( P[dd [i ct]b_Y^ msh[& [_d D_dZ kdj[h E[kj[ pk ][X[d& Z_[[hmWY^j i_dZ& muhZ[ [i d_Y^j [_diY^bW\[d& WX[h ' kdj[h Z[d;[Z_d]kd][d& _d Z[d[d m_h b[X[d ' jh_jj Z_[ _cW]_dsh[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j eZ[h ZWi _cW]_dsh[ yBY^z _d [_d[c D_dZ _d [_d[c :bj[hled i_[X[d eZ[h WY^j CW^h[d Wk\( FWdY^cWb \hW][d E[kj[& eX m_hIk\\[h _d kdi[h[c ][][dmshj_][d ;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ i[^[datdd[d( P_h atdd[d i_[ _d WdZ[h[d E[kj[d i[^[d& WX[h d_Y^j _dkdi i[bXij(

=[h F[diY^ m_hZ _d l_[h M[_b[ Wk\][j[_bj4 Dthf[h& L[[b[& >ii[dpkdZ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j(I[hitdb_Y^a[_j kdZ >ii[dp iY^[_d[d d_Y^j ][jh[ddj pk i[_d&

WX[h m_h atdd[d ijkZ_[h[d& mWi pkh >ii[dp ][^thj kdZ mWi pkhI[hitdb_Y^a[_j ][^thj( =_[ Oehij[bbkd] led Z[h L[[b[ Wbi [_d[ci[fWhWj[d Hh]Wd_icki& Z[h Z[d f^oi_iY^[d Dthf[h X[^[hhiY^j&aWdd d_Y^j Wbi X[]hudZ[j Wd][i[^[d m[hZ[d( =_[ dsY^ij[ :dds'^[hkd] Wd Z_[ Oehij[bbkd] led Z[h L[[b[& m_[ i_[ X_i pkc i_[X'p[^dj[d CW^h^kdZ[hj l[hijWdZ[d mkhZ[& _ij ZWi& mWi >ii[dp][dWddj m_hZ( =[h ;[]h_\\ L[[b[ m_hZ _d Z_[i[c Loij[c l[h'mWdZj& WX[h dkh _c L_dd[ led E[X[difh_dp_f( >ii[dp& I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j kdZ L[[b[ [djifh[Y^[d pkiWcc[d][decc[d Z[c& mWi][mt^db_Y^ L[[b[ ][dWddj mkhZ[( :X[h [i mkhZ[ Wd][decc[d&ZWii Z_[ L[[b[ [_d[ lec Dthf[h i[fWhWj[ >n_ij[dp ^WX[& ms^h[dZm_h _d Z_[i[c Loij[c d_Y^j Wdd[^c[d& ZWii >ii[dp& I[hitdb_Y^'a[_j kdZ L[[b[ [_d[ lec Dthf[h ][jh[ddj[ >n_ij[dp ^WX[d(>i m_hZ kdi ][iW]j& ZWii m[dd [_d F[diY^ ij_hXj eZ[h m[dd

_h][dZ[jmWi ij_hXj "F[diY^ eZ[h DuY^[diY^WX[& [i _ij ][dWk ZWi]b[_Y^[# i[_d[ L[[b[ "Z(^( i[_d E[X[difh_dp_f# pkc FedZ ][^j(=_[ L[[b[ _ij Lje\\5 [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ F[d][ \[_d[d Lje\\[i& >d[h']_[& m[dd L_[ ct][d& Z_[ Z[d Dthf[h X[_c MeZ l[hbsiij( Bd

'%

[_d[c dehcWb[d F[diY^[d ^Wj Z_[ L[[b[ a[_d ;[mkiiji[_d& i_[ _ijh[_d c[Y^Wd_iY^& ie ZWii i_[ d_Y^j b[_Z[j( :X[h Z[h F[diY^ aWdd[_d[ :hj led AWbX';[mkiiji[_d [hp[k][d& ZWi _d Z_[ L[[b[ uX[h'][^[d aWdd& kdZ ZWdd cW] Z_[ L[[b[& Z_[ pkc FedZ ][^j& Z[ii[d][mW^h i[_d& mWi c_j _^h ][iY^_[^j( =_[i ][iY^_[^j dkh _d i[^hi[bj[d[d ?sbb[d kdZ dkh& m[dd Z_[ >ii[dp ms^h[dZ Z[i E[X[di][ijehX[d _ij( =Wdd aWdd Z_[ L[[b[ Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj [_d_][i FWj[h_Wbled Z[h >ii[dp X[aecc[d( Bd Z[h MWj ]_Xj [i l_[b[ WdZ[h[ E[kj[&Z_[ Z_[ >ii[dp jtj[d kdZ _c E[X[d m_hab_Y^ jej i_dZ& WX[h ZWiX[jh_\\j kdi `[jpj d_Y^j( EWii[d L_[ kdi Wbie ZWhuX[h ifh[Y^[d& mWi[i X[Z[kj[d muhZ[& Z[d FedZ _d i_Y^ i[bXij pk [hp[k][d(Sk[hij& mWi _ij Z[h FedZ9 PWi _ij Z_[ ?kdaj_ed Z[i FedZ[i _d

X[pk] Wk\ Z[d F[diY^[d& Wk\ Z[d _dZ_l_Zk[bb[d F[diY^[d9 PWimuhZ[ ][iY^[^[d& m[dd Z_[i[ ?kdaj_ed Z[i FedZ[i l[hiY^m_d'Z[d iebbj[5 msh[ [i lehj[_b^W\j eZ[h ZWi @[][dj[_b9 P_h m_ii[d pkc;[_if_[b& ZWii Z[h FedZ Wbb[ kdi[h[ ;[m[]kd][d X[^[hhiY^j& ieZWii m_h d_Y^j \s^_] msh[d& _h][dZ[_d[ ;[m[]kd] pk cWY^[d& \WbbiZ[h FedZ l[hiY^m_dZ[d iebbj[5 m_h muhZ[d pkiWcc[dXh[Y^[d m_[FWh_ed[jj[d& Z[h[d ?sZ[d ZkhY^][iY^d_jj[d mkhZ[d(P_h cuii[d [ha[dd[d& ZWii Wbb Z_[i i_Y^ Wk\ ZWi L[_d X[p_[^j(

PWi i_dZ Z_[ F[hacWb[ kdi[h[i L[_di9 =Wi AWkfjc[hacWbkdi[h[i L[_di _ij& ZWii m_h l_[b[ i_dZ& d_Y^j [_d[h( P[dd m_h Wdkdi[h[c L[_d WhX[_j[d mebb[d& ZWc_j [i kdi[h[c S_[b X[ii[h[djifh_Y^j& cuii[d m_h l[hikY^[d& [_di pk m[hZ[d( :X[h ZWi _ij[_d i[^h \[hd[i S_[b( PWi X[Z[kj[j [i& [_di pk m[hZ[d9 =[h [hij[LY^h_jj& Z[h deY^ i[^h m[_j [dj\[hdj _ij& X[ij[^j ZWh_d& [_d f[hcW'd[dj[i @hWl_jWj_edip[djhkc pk iY^W\\[d( =_[i _ij c_j 6Z[d FedZ_d kdi i[bXij [hp[k][d9 ][c[_dj( =[h FedZ _ij [_d f[hcWd[dj[i@hWl_jWj_edip[djhkc _d kdi[h[c f^oi_iY^[d E[X[d( P[dd m_h[_d @hWl_jWj_edip[djhkc _d kdi i[bXij iY^W\\[d& XhWkY^[d m_h Z[dFedZ d_Y^j(:X[h [hij cuii[d m_h X[ij_cc[d& mWi Z_[ :Xm[i[d^[_j Z[i

f[hcWd[dj[d yBY^z X[Z[kj[j( P_h \_dZ[d Wd i[_d[h Lj[bb[ l_[b[Z[h F[hacWb[ eZ[h LY^msY^[d& Z_[ m[_j[h eX[d [hms^dj mkh'Z[d& WX[h Z_[i[ cuii[d [_dZ[kj_] X[m_[i[d i[_d& ZkhY^ kdii[bXij& ZkhY^ ;[eXWY^jkd]( =Wdd cuii[d m_h [_d[d DWcf\ ]['

'&

][d Z_[i[ F[hacWb[& Z_[ kdi ZWhWd ^_dZ[hd& [_di pk m[hZ[d&X[]_dd[d( P_h cuii[d c_j >_dX_bZkd]& d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d kdZ>_][dm_bb[d ascf\[d( >^[ Z_[i[h DWcf\ [h\eb]h[_Y^ i[_d aWdd&cuii[d m_h [ha[dd[d& ZWii Z_[ iY^b_ccij ct]b_Y^[ :hj led>_dX_bZkd] lec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[i >hm[hXi [_d[i @hWl_jWj_edi'p[djhkci Wki Z[h @bWkX[ _ij& _h][dZ[jmWi Wki i_Y^ i[bXij QRL pkatdd[d( A_[hdWY^ cuii[d m_h c_j Z[d d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[dascf\[d& Z_[ kdi ZWhWd ^_dZ[hd& ZWi pk jkd& mWi kdi _d O[hX_d'Zkd] c_j Z_[i[c Loij[c ][iW]j mkhZ[( =[dd cWd ckii [ha[d'd[d& ZWii >_][dm_bb[ dkh ZWZkhY^ ][XheY^[d m[hZ[d aWdd& ZWiicWd jkj& mWi [_d[c ][iW]j mkhZ[( >h aWdd d_Y^j ZWZkhY^ ][Xhe'Y^[d m[hZ[d& ZWii cWd jkj& mWi cWd i[bXij [djiY^_[Z[d ^Wj& Z[ddZWi m_hZ m[_j[h^_d >_][dm_bb[ i[_d( >_][dm_bb[ _ij _cc[h DWcf\][][d Z[d P_bb[d [_d[i WdZ[h[d( >_][dm_bb[ aWdd i_Y^ d_Y^jcWd_\[ij_[h[d& e^d[ i_Y^ ][][d Z[d P_bb[d [_d[i WdZ[h[d pkij[bb[d(>i cW] B^d[d ^[b\[d& m[dd L_[ [_d ;bWjj IWf_[h d[^c[d kdZ

ZWhWk\ Wk\iY^h[_X[d& mWi B^h L[_d WkicWY^j( =Wdd m[hZ[d L_[i[^[d& ZWii ZWi L[_d d_Y^j Wki i_Y^ i[bXij mWY^i[d aWdd( Skc;[_if_[b _ij [_d F[hacWb kdi[h[i L[_di& ZWii m_h FWiY^_d[d i_dZ5[_d WdZ[h[i& ZWii m_h dkh _d [_d[c ab[_d[d M[_b kdi[h[h FWiY^_d[b[X[d5 [_d Zh_jj[i& kdi[h[ O_[bpW^b Wd yBY^iz( P_h iW][d yBY^z&WX[h Z_[i[i yBY^z _ij `[Z[d :k][dXb_Ya WdZ[hi( Bd [_d[c :k][d'Xb_Ya iW][ _Y^ yBY^z& kdZ [i _ij [_d yBY^z5 \ud\ F_dkj[d ifsj[hiW][ _Y^ yBY^z& kdZ [i _ij [_d WdZ[h[i yBY^z( Le ^WX[d m_h l_[b[yBY^iz& Z_[ i_Y^ Wbb[ Wk\ Z[hi[bX[d >X[d[ X[\_dZ[d& kdZ [i ]_Xja[_d p[djhWb[i& Zec_dWdj[i yBY^z( =_[i _ij kdi[h L[_dipkijWdZ5m_h i_dZ d_[cWbi [_d[h kdZ m_h i_dZ d_[cWbi Z[hi[bX[( P[dd L_[Wbb Z_[i[ F[hacWb[ d_[Z[hiY^h[_X[d& m[hZ[d L_[ i[^[d& mWi [_d[qdZ[hkd] Z[i L[_di X[Z_d][d muhZ[ kdZ mWi ][sdZ[hj m[hZ[daWdd( Bd `[Z[c X[iedZ[h[d F[hacWb ]_Xj [i [jmWi& ZWi i_Y^sdZ[hd aWdd& kdZ [_d[ ab[_d[ qdZ[hkd] _d [_d[c F[hacWbX[Z[kj[j WkY^ [_d[ qdZ[hkd] _d [_d[c WdZ[h[d(>_d[h Z[h [hij[d kdZ m_Y^j_]ij[d ?Wajeh[d X[_c O[hikY^& i_Y^

pk sdZ[hd& _ij Z_[ M[_bkd] i[_d[h i[bXij( =_[ h_Y^j_][ M[_bkd] _ijpm_iY^[d Z[c& mWi m_hab_Y^ yBY^z _ij& kdZ Z[c ][iWcj[d K[ij&

''

Z[d m_h yHkif[diaoz d[dd[d atdd[d& eZ[h m_[ WkY^ _cc[h B^hGWc[ i[_d cW]( P[dd Z_[i[ M[_bkd] d_Y^j ][cWY^j m_hZ& m[ddcWd i_[ l[h]_iij kdZ m[_j[h^_d Wk\ Z_[ uXb_Y^[ P[_i[ uX[h i_Y^i[bXij Z[daj& eZ[h m[dd cWd \ehj][i[jpj yBY^z kdZ Hkif[diaoX[dkjpj& WX[h Wk\ Z_[ \WbiY^[ :hj& ZWdd ^thj Z_[ :hX[_j Wk\( =_[[hij[ E_d_[ Z[h :hX[_j aWdd dkh Wk\ Z[h @hkdZbW][ Z_[i[h M[_bkd]\ehjiY^h[_j[d( D[_d[ WdZ[h[d E_d_[d i_dZ e\\[d& m[dd Z_[i[ M[_'bkd] l[h][ii[d m_hZ& WX[h [i ckii Z_[ h_Y^j_][ M[_bkd] i[_d( >i][iY^_[^j e\j& ZWii E[kj[ [_d[ \WbiY^[ M[_bkd] cWY^[d( PWi i_[Wd i_Y^ i[bXij ct][d& d[dd[d i_[ yBY^z& kdZ mWi i_[ d_Y^j ct][d&eZ[h mWi iY^mWY^ eZ[h kdm_Y^j_] _ij& ZWi d[dd[d i_[ yHkif[d'iaoz& yI[jhe\\z& yBlWde\\z eZ[h mWi _cc[h _^h GWc[ ][hWZ[ _ij(P[dd L_[ Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj j[_b[d& _ij [i ltbb_] \WbiY^( >i _ij d_Y^j][dk]& ZWii L_[ ^[kj[ [_d[ h_Y^j_][ >djiY^[_Zkd] jh[\\[d kdZ i_[ceh][d l[h][ii[d( L_[ cuii[d [_d[ h_Y^j_][ >djiY^[_Zkd] jh[\\[dkdZ i_[ _d B^h[c @[ZsY^jd_i X[^Wbj[d(">i mkhZ[ [_d jWjisY^b_Y^[i ;[_if_[b [_d[h \WbiY^[d M[_bkd]

][][X[d( >_d FWdd dWc[di I[jhe\\& Z[h pk [_d[h led Hkif[d'iaoi @hkff[d ][^thj ^Wjj[& kdj[hj[_bj[ i_Y^ _d pm[_ M[_b[( >_d[dled _^d[d X[iY^h_[X [h Wbi y[h [h^sbj c_Y^ Wc E[X[dz kdZ dWddj[_^d yBY^z5 Z[d K[ij dWddj[ [h I[jhe\\(#=_[i[ \WbiY^[ M[_bkd] _ij [_d\WY^ Eu][d& i_Y^ i[bXij ;[bu][d&

mWi iY^b_cc[h _ij Wbi Wbb[i WdZ[h[& Z[dd _d Z[c :k][dXb_Ya& _dZ[c cWd Z[h ab[_dij[d LY^m_[h_]a[_j X[][]d[j& m_hZ i_Y^ Z_[iZkhY^ _dd[h[i :h]kc[dj_[h[d kdZ \WbiY^[i O[hijsdZd_i p[_][d(yPeh_d b_[]j Z_[ NhiWY^[ Z_[i[h LY^m_[h_]a[_j& i_Y^ i[bXij pk

j[_b[d9z \hW]j[ Fhi(Q(y=[h Nhifhkd] i_dZ L_[ kdZ Fhi( Q( Fhi( Q( ]bWkXj& i_[ m_ii[

X[ii[h Wbi L_[( L_[ ]bWkXj m_Y^j_][h pk i[_d kdZ ctY^j[& ZWii L_[jkd& m_[ i_[ m_bb(y>_d[ Z[h LY^m_[h_]a[_j[dz& iW]j[ Fh( R(& y_ij& ZWii R( _d

X[ij_ccj[d L_jkWj_ed[d X[ii[h m[_ii Wbi 6BY^8(zR( m[_ii d_Y^ji(y:X[h [h ]bWkXj [iz& iW]j[ Fh( R(Fuii[d L_[ ][^ehY^[d9 P[dd L_[ ]bWkX[d& [h m_ii[ Wc X['

ij[d& ZWdd X[eXWY^j[d L_[ _^d [_d\WY^& kdZ ZWi m_hZ L_[ pkc

'(

h_Y^j_][d O[hij[^[d \u^h[d( =_[ [hij[ ;[Z_d]kd] _ij& ZWv L_[d_Y^ji ]bWkX[d Zuh\[d( PWi dujpj [i& m[dd L_[ l[hikY^[d& [_df[hcWd[dj[i yBY^z pk [hp[k][d& ms^h[dZ L_[ m[_j[h^_d WdFh( R( ]bWkX[d9 =Wi m_hab_Y^[ yBY^z m_hZ ZkhY^ ZWi O[hbWd][dWR PCGL kdZ WR TGPPCL ][iY^W\\[d kdZ Wbb[i WdZ[h[ ]_Xj [i d_Y^j(:bie ]_Xj [i [_][djb_Y^ d_Y^ji pk j[_b[d( P_h Zuh\[d d_Y^ji ]bWkX[deZ[h m_h m[hZ[d d_h][dZme^_d ][bWd][d(Bd Z_[i[c Loij[c aWdd led Z[c Pehj yBY^z Wk\ \ud\ :hj[d

Wk\ \ud\ l[hiY^_[Z[d[d >X[d[d ][ifheY^[d m[hZ[d( =[h F[diY^_d i[_d[c ][mt^db_Y^[d SkijWdZ X[ij[^j Wki [_d[h O_[bpW^b ledyBY^iz5 Z_[i _ij Z_[ [hij[ ;[Z[kjkd]( Bc =_W]hWcc m_hZ i_[ ZkhY^ZWi JkWZhWj led yBY^iz Wd][Z[kj[j( P[dd [_d F[diY^ i_Y^[djiY^b_[iij pk WhX[_j[d& [hiY^[_dj [_d X[eXWY^j[dZ[i yBY^z "Wk\Z[c =_W]hWcc _d iY^mWhp ][p[_]j#5 ZWi _ij Z_[ pm[_j[ ;[Z[k'jkd]( =_[ Zh_jj[ ;[Z[kjkd]& ZkhY^ Z[d ab[_dij[d Dh[_i X[p[_Y^'d[j& _ij& me Z[h Lj[bbl[hjh[j[dZ[ AWki^sbj[h [hiY^[_dj( >h X['^[hhiY^j [_d[ :dpW^b yBY^iz( =_[ l_[hj[ ;[Z[kjkd]& ZkhY^ Z[dc_jjb[h[d Dh[_i Wd][p[_]j& _ij& me Z[h AWki^sbj[h [hiY^[_dj( >hX[^[hhiY^j Wbb[ yBY^iz( =_[ \ud\j[ ;[Z[kjkd] _ij Z_[ Z[i A[hhd(>h _ij Wbi ]hev[h skv[h[h Dh[_i ][p[_Y^d[j& ZW [h [_d[d S[_j'athf[h ^Wj( >h a[ddj Z_[ O[h]Wd][d^[_j kdZ WkY^ Z_[ Skakd\j&eXme^b [i ^_[hled l[hiY^_[Z[d[ @hWZ[ ][X[d ckii(

P_[ [habshj mkhZ[& kdj[hj[_b[d m_h _d Z_[i[c Loij[c _d yBY^z kdZyCed[iz& yBY^z kdZ yLc_j^z kdZ ie m[_j[h& m_[ WkY^ _cc[hkdi[h[ GWc[d ][hWZ[ bWkj[d( PWi dkd l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[d ckii&_ij& ZWii Ced[i& Lc_j^& BlWde\\& I[jhe\\ kdZ ie m[_j[h Z_[ 9AFCGL"

NCOP[LJGAFICGQ i_dZ& Z_[ `[Z[h led kdi ^Wj& WX[h Z_[i[ M[_bkd] ZWh\d_Y^j c_j Z[h M[_bkd] pm_iY^[d >ii[dp kdZ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j l[h'm[Y^i[bj m[hZ[d(>ii[dp _ij& mec_j m_h ][Xeh[d m[hZ[d& kdi[h[ ?s^_]a[_j[d

kdZ Nd\s^_]a[_j[d( L_[ ij[^j c_j Z[c yMofz _d O[hX_dZkd] m_[WkY^ c_j Z[c f^oi_iY^[d Dthf[h( P_h atdd[d Wd _^h d_Y^j Z_h[aj

')

WhX[_j[d( Oec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[h :hX[_j Wd kdi i[bXij Wki X['jhWY^j[j& _ij Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j Wbb[i& mWi m_h ^WX[d( P[dd [_dF[diY^ pk WhX[_j[d X[]_ddj& hk\j ZWi FW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc ZWiX[eXWY^j[dZ[ yBY^z _di E[X[d( =_[i yBY^z _ij WkY^ [_d[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j& Z_[ Z[d K[ij Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j kdZ >ii[dp [hp_[^[dckii(yBij [i h_Y^j_] Wdpkd[^c[d& ZWii [_d[ I[hied c_j [_d[h ^eY^

[djm_Ya[bj[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j Z_[i[ :hX[_j iY^m_[h_][h \_dZ[dmuhZ[9zCW kdZ d[_d( >i ^sd]j d_Y^j ie l_[b lec @[m_Y^j Z[h I[hitd'

b_Y^a[_j WX Wbi led _^h[c SkijWdZ& eX i_[ [hpe][d _ij& iY^b[Y^j[hpe][d eZ[h kd[hpe][d( L_[ aWdd _d Z[h @[mWbj Z[i _cW]_dsh[dyBY^z i[_d& kdZ ZWdd _ij i_[ \WbiY^(=Wi L[_d m_hZ led Z[h M[_bkd] _d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j kdZ >ii[dp

d_Y^j X[jhe\\[d( P_ii[d kdZ L[_d i_dZ pm[_ L[_j[d Z[ii[d& ledZ[c m_h _d X[pk] Wk\ Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j c[diY^b_Y^[h >djm_Yabkd]ifh[Y^[d( L_[ X_bZ[d [_d ][][disjpb_Y^[i IWWh( I[hitdb_Y^a[_j kdZ

'*

>ii[dp X_bZ[d [_d m[_j[h[i @[][diWjpfWWh Wk\ [_d[h WdZ[h[dLaWbW(I[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij [hmehX[d5 >ii[dp ][^thj kdi& [i _ij ZWi&

mec_j m_h ][Xeh[d mkhZ[d& ZWi& mWi d_Y^j led kdi WX][jh[ddjm[hZ[d aWdd( L_[ i_dZ l[hc_iY^j& kdZ m_h atdd[d ][][dmshj_] Z_[[_d[ d_Y^j led Z[h WdZ[h[d kdj[hiY^[_Z[d& WX[h [i _ij dujpb_Y^&i_Y^ Z_[i[h M[_bkd] Wbi [_d[h j^[eh[j_iY^[d MWjiWY^[ pk [h_dd[hd(=_[ >ii[dp& eZ[h Z[h F[diY^[djof& _ij ZWi >h][Xd_i fbWd[jWh_'

iY^[h >_d\buii[( IbWd[jWh_iY^[ >_d\buii[ X[ij_cc[d l_[b[ ]heii[>h[_]d_ii[ _c E[X[d Z[h F[diY^^[_j& m_[ Dh_[][ kdZ K[lebkj_e'd[d( Ndi[h[ @[\u^b[ ijWcc[d khifhud]b_Y^ led Z[d IbWd[j[d&kdZ kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[ DecX_dWj_ed[d fbWd[jWh_iY^[h >_d\buii[[hp[k][d l[hiY^_[Z[d[ >ii[dp[d( C[ dWY^ kdi[h[c Mof ^WdZ[bdm_h _d X[ij_ccj[d NcijsdZ[d Wk\ Z_[ [_d[ eZ[h WdZ[h[ P[_i[(FWd iW]j& ZWii [i pmtb\ eZ[h WY^jp[^d AWkfjjof[d kdZ ZWddDecX_dWj_ed[d led Z_[i[d ]_Xj( >i _ij i[^h i[bj[d& ZWii L_[ [_d[ch[_d[d Mof X[][]d[d& WX[h l[hiY^_[Z[d[ F[hacWb[ if_[b[d [_d[l[hiY^_[Z[d[ Kebb[ _d l[hiY^_[Z[d[d Mof[d& eXme^b `[Z[h MofWbb[i ^Wj(yP[dd L_[ Wbi [_d X[ij_ccj[h Mof ][Xeh[d i_dZ& atdd[d L_[

_^d `[cWbi sdZ[hd9z \hW]j[ `[cWdZ(P[dd [i [_d i[^h iY^b[Y^j[h Mof _ij kdZ L_[ i[^h ^Whj WhX[_j[d&

atdd[d L_[ _^d sdZ[hd( Sk[hij cuii[d L_[ Z[d Mof a[dd[d ' ZWi^[_iij Z_[ >ii[dp a[dd[d( P[dd L_[ _d Z[h >ii[dp [jmWi \_dZ[d&ZWi c_j Z[c S_[b kdl[h[_dXWh _ij& ZWdd atdd[d L_[ [i l_[bb[_Y^jsdZ[hd& m[dd L_[ i[^h ^Whj WhX[_j[d( >ii[dp _ij _d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^'a[_j l[hXeh][d5 Z_[ LjhW^b[d fbWd[jWh_iY^[h >_d\buii[ atdd[dd_Y^j ^_dZkhY^Zh_d][d& m[_b Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j pk\sbb_] _ij( =_[E[kj[ m[hZ[d ZkhY^ fbWd[jWh_iY^[ >_d\buii[ dkh _d X[ij_ccj[dM[_b[d _^h[h i[bXij X[hu^hj& M[_b[d& Z_[ _cc[h ZW i_dZ& ie ZWiiZ_[i[ >_d\buii[ [_d[ P_hakd] Wk\ F[diY^[d _d Z[h FWii[ ^WX[d&WX[h _d dehcWb[d ?sbb[d dkh i[bj[d BdZ_l_Zk[d X[hu^h[d(yBd m[bY^[c :kicWiiz& \hW]j[ `[cWdZ& yaeccj [_d F[diY^&

Z[h kdj[h Z[c @[i[jp Z[i Sk\Wbbi ij[^j& WX][i[^[d led i[_d[h@[Xkhj kdZ i[_d[c MeZ& kdj[h ZWi @[i[jp Z[i LY^_YaiWbi9z=Wi ^sd]j led Z[c O[h^sbjd_i pm_iY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j kdZ

(!

>ii[dp WX( P[dd Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ijWha _ij& X_bZ[j i_[ [_d[LY^Wb[ kc Z_[ >ii[dp& ZWdd ]_Xj [i i[^h m[d_] LY^_YaiWb( =_[fbWd[jWh_iY^[d >_d\buii[& Z_[ LY^_YaiWb& Mof& >ii[dp X[^[hh'iY^[d& [hh[_Y^[d kdi d_Y^j& m[dd Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[^h ijWha _ij(:X[h [i ]_Xj [_d_][ E[kj[& Z_[& ]sdpb_Y^ e^d[ Z[d >_d\bkii ledyLY^kb[dz& c[^h _d Z[h >ii[dp b[X[d( Bd _^d[d _ij Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^'a[_j i[^h iY^mWY^& kdZ i_[ ij[^[d c[^h kdj[h Z[c @[i[jp Z[iLY^_YaiWbi Wbi WdZ[h[ E[kj[( L_[ i_dZ led ][m_ii[d >_d\buii[dWX^sd]_][h Wbi WdZ[h[ E[kj[5 _Y^ m[hZ[ d_Y^j iW][d& mWi Z_[i[>_d\buii[ i_dZ& Z[dd ZWi \u^hj dkh pk >_dX_bZkd][d( L_[ cuii[dZ_[i i[bXij ^[hWki\_dZ[d( Bc E[X[d ][mt^db_Y^[h F[diY^[d \_d'Z[j i_Y^ d_Y^ji led LY^_YaiWb& @[Xkhj kdZ MeZ Wki][decc[d(P_[ _Y^ ][iW]j ^WX[& kdj[hb_[]j Z[h _dZ_l_Zk[bb[ F[diY^ Z[dfbWd[jWh_iY^[d >_d\buii[d dkh _d ][h_d][c FWii[& m[_b i[_d[>ii[dp kd[djm_Ya[bj kdZ i[^h ab[_d _ij eZ[h iedijm_[ pk ijWha c_ji[_d[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j l[hc_iY^j _ij( =W Z_[i[ >_d\buii[ Z_[ I[h'itdb_Y^a[_j d_Y^j ZkhY^Zh_d][d atdd[d& kdj[hij[^[d iebY^[ F[d'iY^[d Z[c @[i[jp Z[i Sk\Wbbi( PuhZ[ Z[h F[diY^ _d i[_d[h>ii[dp b[X[d& b[Xj[ [h kdj[h fbWd[jWh_iY^[d >_d\buii[d eZ[h& c_jWdZ[h[d Pehj[d& kdj[h Z[c @[i[jp Z[i LY^_YaiWbi( HX Z_[i pki[_d[c Oehj[_b msh[ eZ[h d_Y^j& _ij [_d[ WdZ[h[ ?hW][( >i cW] _d[_d[c ?Wbb X[ii[h i[_d kdZ _d [_d[c WdZ[h[d iY^b[Y^j[h( BcWbb][c[_d[d X[ii[h( :X[h fbWd[jWh_iY^[ LjhW^b[d atdd[d Z_[I[hitdb_Y^a[_j d_Y^j ZkhY^Zh_d][d5 i_[ m[hZ[d led _^h h[\b[aj_[hj(":bi :djmehj Wk\ [_d[ ?hW][ uX[h fbWd[jWh_iY^[ >_d\buii[ kdZ

:ijhebe]_[ iW]j[ Hkif[diao4#DecX_dWj_ed[d led >_d\buii[d fheZkp_[h[d DecX_dWj_ed[d

led Mof[d( P_h m_ii[d d_Y^j& mWi i_[ i_dZ kdZ atdd[d [i d_Y^j^[hWki\_dZ[d& _dZ[c m_h [_d Aeheiaef cWY^[d( =Wi msh[ ie[jmWi m_[ c_jj[bWbj[hb_Y^[ IioY^eWdWboi[(y:X[h Z_[ DecX_dWj_ed[d ijWcc[d led IbWd[j[d& d_Y^j

mW^h9zCW& khifhud]b_Y^( :bb[ kdi[h[ @[\u^b[ kdZ Wbb kdi[h[ Oehij[b'

bkd][d aWc[d khifhud]b_Y^ led Z[d IbWd[j[d& i_[ mkhZ[d d_Y^j^_[h ][Xeh[d(yLebbj[ cWd l[hikY^[d& _d >_dabWd] c_j i[_d[d >cej_ed[d pk

("

b[X[d& eZ[h iebbj[ cWd ij[ji l[hikY^[d& [_d[d ]kj[d @hkdZ \uhi[_d Mkd pk \_dZ[d9z=Wi _ij iY^m[h pk iW][d( @[\u^b[ atdd[d l[hiY^_[Z[d i[_d&

kdZ Z_[ ?s^_]a[_j& i[_d E[X[d pk X[^[hhiY^[d& aWdd l[hiY^_[Z[di[_d( L[^h e\j _ij [i >_dX_bZkd]( L[^h e\j i_dZ Wbb[ ?hW][d m_[yLebbj[ _Y^ Z_[i jkd9z eZ[h yLebbj[ _Y^ `[d[i jkd9z ltbb_] audij'b_Y^& Z[dd cWd aWdd dkh Wk\ [_d[ :hj QRL# L[^h e\j ]bWkXj cWd&[jmWi Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj eZ[h `[d[ :hj jkd pk atdd[d& WX[h _dPW^h^[_j aWdd cWd [i dkh Wk\ [_d[ :hj jkd( FWd ^Wj a[_d[Dedjhebb[( :X[h& kc pk Z[h ?hW][ i[bXij pk aecc[d& c[_d[ _Y^&ZWii [i dujpb_Y^ _ij& led Z_[i[c @[i_Y^jifkdaj Wkipk][^[d4 Ski[^[d& m[bY^[ :hj led @[\u^b[ L_[ c[_d[d& eX [i @[\u^b[ i_dZ&Z_[ pkh >ii[dp ][^th[d& eZ[h @[\u^b[& Z_[ pkh I[hitdb_Y^a[_j][^th[d( NdZ i[^h e\j ' d_Y^j _cc[h& WX[h i[^h e\j ' atdd[d L_[Z[d @[\u^b[d l[hjhWk[d& Z_[ pkh >ii[dp ][^th[d kdZ Z[d @[\u^'b[d c_iijhWk[d& Z_[ pkh I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ][^th[d( :X[h Z_[i _ija[_d[ Wbb][c[_d[ K[][b5 i_[ p[_]j dkh K_Y^jb_d_[d Z[i LjkZ_kci _dO[hX_dZkd] c_j B^h[h ?hW][( =_[ ?hW][ i[bXij p[_]j& _d m[bY^[K_Y^jkd] B^h =[da[d ][^[d ckii( L_[ cuii[d uX[h >ii[dp kdZI[hitdb_Y^a[_j dWY^Z[da[d( L_[ cuii[d uX[h =_d][ dWY^Z[da[d&Z_[ L_[ _d i_Y^ i[bXij aedjhebb_[h[d atdd[d kdZ =_d][& Z_[ L_[d_Y^j aedjhebb_[h[d atdd[d( >i _ij a[_d[ pk X[Wdjmehj[dZ[&iedZ[hd [_d[ pk kdj[hikY^[dZ[ ?hW][(yBij Z_[ >ii[dp _cc[h ]kj9zG[_d& a[_d[im[]i(=_[ >ii[dp _ij c[Y^Wd_iY^& i_[ b[Xj d_Y^j Wki i_Y^ i[bXij& i_[ ^Wj

a[_d[d if[p_[bb[d =[daWffWhWj5 i_[ ckv ZkhY^ Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_jZ[da[d(>ii[dp& Mof kdZ LY^_YaiWb i_dZ fhWaj_iY^ ZWii[bX[& WX[h MWj'

iWY^[d _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j Z[c LY^_YaiWb i_dZ i[^h iY^m[h pk\_dZ[d& c_j :kidW^c[ led X[_dW^[ f^oi_iY^[d MWjiWY^[d m_[ Z_[:hj Z[h @[ikdZ^[_j& ?s^_]a[_j[d eZ[h s^db_Y^[i( >i ]_Xj l_[b[WdZ[h[ =_d][& WX[h i_[ i_dZ iY^m[h pk [ha[dd[d& Z[dd _d kdi['h[c SkijWdZ WhX[_j[j Z_[ >ii[dp i[bj[d led Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j][jh[ddj( O_[b[ =_d][& Z_[ m_h ][d[_]j i_dZ& Z[c LY^_YaiWb pkpk'iY^h[_X[d& ][^th[d _d PW^h^[_j pkh I[hitdb_Y^a[_j( =W^[h _ij [i

(#

][\s^hb_Y^& LY^buii[ pk p_[^[d( :X[h [_d_][i atdd[d m_h [ha[d'd[d& pkc ;[_if_[b& ZWii X[ij_ccj[ Mof[d led E[kj[d X[ij_ccj[Mof[d led E[kj[d Wdp_[^[d( L_[ ^WX[d Z_[i[bX[ :hj ?h[kdZ[&Z_[i[bX[ :hj Leh][d& Z_[i[bX[ :hj LY^m_[h_]a[_j[d& WX[h dWjuh'b_Y^ d_[cWbi& e^d[ ZWii Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j [_d[d M[_b [_dds^c[(:bie atdd[d L_[ [i d_Y^j h[_d[i LY^_YaiWb d[dd[d5 [i l[h^sbj i_Y^c[^h m_[ NhiWY^[ kdZ P_hakd](yFkii cWd ^shj[h WhX[_j[d& kc i[_d[d Mof pk sdZ[hd& Wbi kc

i[_d[ [hmehX[d[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j pk sdZ[hd9z?Wbbi [i dejm[dZ_] _ij& WX[h l_[bb[_Y^j _ij Z[h Mof ltbb_] _d HhZ'

dkd]( Bd Z[d c[_ij[d ?sbb[d ckii Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ][sdZ[hj m[h'Z[d5 kdaedjhebb_[hj[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j aWdd d_Y^j _d HhZdkd] i[_d(Gkh i[^h m[d_][ E[kj[ atdd[d Wd Z[h >ii[dp WhX[_j[d( :kY^

_ij [i d_Y^j ][hWZ[ [_d Oehj[_b \uh Z_[ E[kj[& Z_[ [i atdd[d& m[_b[i i[^h iY^m[h \uh i_[ _ij( Bc Wbb][c[_d[d WhX[_j[d m_h Wd Z[hI[hitdb_Y^a[_j& kdZ Z_[i _ij Z_[ [_dp_][ :hX[_j& Z_[ m_h jkdatdd[d& kdZ m[dd m_h WhX[_j[d& m_hZ [i kdi _h][dZme^_d \u^h[d(yP[dd m_h kdi[h P[i[d pk sdZ[hd l[hikY^[d& _ij ZWdd Z_[

>ii[dp ][dWkie X[jhe\\[d m_[ Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j9zP_h cuii[d Wd Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j WhX[_j[d& WX[h Z_[ >ii[dp

m_hZ ZWled X[jhe\\[d& m[dd m_h m_hab_Y^ [jmWi sdZ[hd(yLW]j[d L_[& ZWii Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j dkh Wki Eu][d X[ij[^j9zG[_d& _Y^ iW]j[& Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[_ \Wij ltbb_] audijb_Y^&

][hWZ[ ie& m_[ Z_[ >ii[dp \Wij ltbb_] m_hab_Y^ _ij(yL_dZ kdi[h[ 6BY^i8 M[_b Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j eZ[h Z[h >ii[dp9z;[_Z[i( >i ]_Xj yBY^iz& Z_[ pkh >ii[dp ][^th[d& kdZ yBY^iz&

Z_[ pkh I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ][^th[d(yLj[^[d i_[ c_j l[hiY^_[Z[d[d S[djh[d _d O[hX_dZkd]9z \k^h

Z[h i[bX[ ?hW][ij[bb[h \ehj(@[m_ii& [i ]_Xj _dj[bb[ajk[bb[ yBY^iz& ;[m[]kd]i'yBY^iz kdZ

_dij_daj_l[ yBY^iz(>_d yBY^z _ij dkh CGL O[hbWd][d& CGL PkdiY^( C[ZeY^ Z_[dj

Z_[i[ Ndj[hiY^[_Zkd] b[Z_]b_Y^ Z[h ;[gk[cb_Y^a[_j( L_[ atdd[di_[ l[h][ii[d& m[dd L_[ mebb[d& eXme^b i_[ ij_ccj( ;[^Wbj[d L_[[_d\WY^& ZWii yBY^iz ab[_d i_dZ kdZ Z_[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j iY^edaecfb_p_[hj[h[ PudiY^[ kc\Wiij(

($

yLj[^j ZWi _dij_daj_l[ S[djhkc _d [d][h O[hX_dZkd] c_j Z[h>ii[dp9zCW& [i X[^[hhiY^j Z_[ ;[Zuh\d_ii[ Z[h >ii[dp(yBij Bdj[bb_][dp M[_b Z[h >ii[dp9z:bb][c[_d ][iW]j& `W( :X[h _Y^ muhZ[ ][hd[ m_ii[d& mWi L_[

kdj[h Bdj[bb_][dp l[hij[^[d( P[dd _Y^ y`Wz iW][& atdd[d L_[ [id_Y^j Wdm[dZ[d5 [i m_hZ jej[i DWf_jWb Xb[_X[d(yDWdd Z_[ Bdj[bb_][dp ZkhY^ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ ;[^WdZbkd]

mWY^i[d eZ[h pkd[^c[d9z [hakdZ_]j[ i_Y^ Z[h i[bX[ ?hW]['ij[bb[h(@[dWk ZWi iW]j[ _Y^( P[dd m_h uX[h kdi i[bXij ifh[Y^[d&

m[hZ[d m_h i[^[d& ZWii Bdj[bb_][dp Wk\ [_d[ i[^h l[hc_iY^j[ :hjpk >ii[dp kdZ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j ][^thj5 eXme^b& Wk\ [_d[ aeic_iY^[:hj& `[Z[h >ii[dp [_d X[ij_ccj[h ;[jhW] Wd Bdj[bb_][dp c_j][]['X[d _ij(

=[h F[diY^ kdj[hij[^j [_d[h ]heii[d O_[bpW^b led @[i[jp[d 'f^oi_iY^[& f^oi_ebe]_iY^[& X_ebe]_iY^[& @[i[jp[& Z_[ Z[h F[diY^i[bXij [hp[k]j[ kdZ ie m[_j[h& X_i m_h pk Z[d @[i[jp[d Z[if[hitdb_Y^[d E[X[di kdZ iY^b_[iib_Y^ pkc _cW]_dsh[d yBY^z ]['bWd][d( =_[i _ij ZWi m_Y^j_]ij[ @[i[jp& ZWi kdi[h E[X[d b[daj kdZkdi ZWpk \u^hj& _d Z[h d_Y^j [n_ij[dj[d i_[Xj[d =_c[di_ed pkb[X[d( >_d[ ]heii[ F[d][ Wd Dhs\j[d eZ[h >_d\buii[d m_haj pk`[Z[c ][][X[d[d :k][dXb_Ya Wk\ Z[d F[diY^[d& eXme^b Z_[E[kj[ ^WkfjisY^b_Y^ led >_dX_bZkd] X[^[hhiY^j m[hZ[d( P_hX_bZ[d kdi [_d& WdZ[hi pk i[_d& Wbi m_h i_dZ& kdZ ZWi [hp[k]jBbbki_ed[d( :X[h [i ]_Xj dejm[dZ_][ @[i[jp[( P_h i_dZ [_d]['iY^hsdaj ZkhY^ X[ij_ccj[ GW^hkd] kdZ X[ij_ccj[ Ek\j& ZkhY^[_d[ X[ij_ccj[ M[cf[hWjkh kdZ ie m[_j[h( P_h i_dZ ie aedZ_j_e'd_[hj ZkhY^ >_d\buii[& ZWii m_h i[^h m[d_][ ?h[_^[_jict]b_Y^a[_'j[d ^WX[d( P_h cuii[d kdi[h[ _dd[h[ AWbjkd] sdZ[hd((E[kj[& Z_[ WkiiY^b_[iib_Y^ kdj[h :'>_d\buii[d b[X[d kdZ Z_[

;'>_d\buii[& m[dd i_[ _^d[d X[][]d[d& Wk\ Z[hi[bX[d Ljk\[ m_[:'>_d\buii[ [cf\Wd][d& ij[hX[d ][mt^db_Y^ _d Z_[i[c E[X[d(

(%

L_[ atdd[d athf[hb_Y^ Wc E[X[d i[_d& WX[h ZWi ^[_iij d_Y^j& ZWii_^h[ >ii[dp i_Y^ [djm_Ya[bd aWdd(yL[^[d jej[ E[kj[ Wki m_[ Wbb[ WdZ[h[d9 E[X[d i_[& m_[ m_h

b[X[d9zL_Y^[hb_Y^( P[_b i_[ [_d[ L[[b[ X[i_jp[d kdZ Z_[ rX[hXb[_Xi[b

Z[h >ii[dp( L_[ atdd[d i_Y^ i[bXij WXi_Y^[hdyL_[ ifhWY^[d leh^[h ZWhuX[h& [_d f[hcWd[dj[i yBY^z pk

[hp[k][d( PWi c[_d[d L_[ ZWc_j9zBY^ c[_d[ ZWc_j& ZWii L_[ i_Y^[h i[_d atdd[d& ZWii [i `[Z[i

FWb ZWii[bX[ yBY^z _ij& m[dd L_[ yBY^z iW][d( Gkd iW][d L_[&yBY^ m_bb Z_[iz& kdZ [_d[ ^WbX[ LjkdZ[ ifsj[h iW][d L_[& yBY^ m_bbZWiz( =Wi yBY^z _ij ltbb_] l[hiY^_[Z[d( >i ]_Xj >_d[i ' 9GC " kdZ[i ]_Xj l_[b[ _cW]_dsh[ yBY^iz( ^9GC_ _ij ZWi& mWi m_hab_Y^ _ij& kdZL_[ cuii[d b[hd[d& [i pk kdj[hiY^[_Z[d( >i aWdd i[^h ab[_d& i[^h[b[c[djWh i[_d& WX[h L_[ atdd[d [jmWi >_dZ[kj_][i kdZ I[hcW'd[dj[i kdZ Wkih[_Y^[dZ Leb_Z[i _d i_Y^ \_dZ[d(P[dd L_[ Wd Wbb[i ZsY^j[d& mWi ][iW]j mkhZ[& muhZ[d L_[ i_Y^

dWY^ :XbWk\ led p[^d PeY^[d B^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd( G[^c[d L_[pkc ;[_if_[b ZWi LjkZ_kc Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j( =Wi _ij [_d[Z[h iY^d[bbij[d F[j^eZ[d( C[ c[^h L_[ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_jl[hij[^[d& Z[ije c[^h m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd( PWiZWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hd l[h^_dZ[hj& _ij leh Wbb[c LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j( LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j aWdd kdZ mudiY^j i_Y^ _^h[h i[bXijd_Y^j pk [h_dd[hd& kdZ i_[ mudiY^j& ZWv i_Y^ a[_d[ WdZ[h[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j _^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hj( L_[ l[hikY^j ][hWZ[& L[bXij'>h_dd[hdpk ijeff[d5 d_ccj _h][dZ[_d[ ?ehc led LY^bW\ kdZ d[ddj ZWiL[bXij'>h_dd[hd( =Wdd _ij i_[ lebbWk\ ]buYab_Y^(LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij [jmWi ;[iedZ[h[i5 9GC i_dZ _^h [dj]['

][d][i[jpj( FWd ckii ZW\uh ieh][d& ZWii Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j l[hiY^m_dZ[j& eZ[h Wk\ `[Z[d ?Wbb ZWh\ i_[ d_Y^j _d Z_[i[:hX[_j [_d][^[d( =_[i ]_bj \uh `[Z[d& kdZ `[Z[h ckii Wk\ Z_[i[:hj X[]_dd[d( Sk Wbb[h[hij cuii[d L_[ B^h[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_ja[dd[d& kdZ L_[ Zuh\[d _^h Wk\ a[_d[ P[_i[ l[hjhWk[d ' _^h[d@[ZWda[d& _^h[d Pehj[d& _^h[d AWdZbkd][d( L_[ atdd[d i_[d_Y^j p[hijth[d& WX[h L_[ atdd[d i_[ \uh [_d[ P[_b[ fWii_l cW'Y^[d& kdZ ZWdd atdd[d L_[ i_[ dWY^ kdZ dWY^ iY^msY^[d(

(&

=_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j [n_ij_[hj d_Y^j m_hab_Y^& WX[h m_hX_bZ[d kdi [_d& i_[ [n_ij_[h[( L_[ [n_ij_[hj ZkhY^ _^h[ >hiY^[_'dkd]i\ehc[d& WX[h d_Y^j Wbi [_d M[_b led kdi( O[hikY^[d L_[d_Y^j& i_[ pk Z[\_d_[h[d& iedij m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ _d Pehj[d l[hb_['h[d& [i ][^j `[ZeY^ ZWhkc& i_Y^ c_j MWjiWY^[d Wki[_dWdZ[hpki[j'p[d( >i ]_Xj d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[& WX[h ]b[_Y^p[_j_] ]_Xj [i i_[ d_Y^j5[i ]_Xj a[_d m_hab_Y^[i S[djhkc \uh i_[( =_[i _ij [_d[i Z[hF_ii][iY^_Ya[ kdi[h[i SkijWdZi( =GO PGLB SMJJCO LGAFQ CUGPQGCOCL"

BCO +GLEC#

"C[cWdZ iW]j[& [h X[pm[_\b[ cWdY^cWb Z_[ >Y^j^[_j i[_d[iBdj[h[ii[i Wd Z[h :hX[_j( >h atdd[ i_Y^ i[bXij X[bu][d( Hkif[d'iao Wdjmehj[j[4#Gkh L_[ atdd[d ZWi X[Wdjmehj[d& kdZ dkh& \Wbbi L_[ d_Y^j Z_[

]hkdZb[][dZ[d Ih_dp_f_[d l[h][ii[d& _dZ[c L_[ yBY^z pk [jmWiiW][d& ZWi dkh [_d yBY^z _ij( L_[ cuii[d WdZ[h[ yBY^iz a[dd[db[h'd[d kdZ i_Y^ _^h[h [h_dd[hd( P[dd L_[ ZWi l[h][ii[d& l[h][ii[dL_[ Wbb[i( Le bWd][& m_[ L_[ i_Y^ ZWhWd [h_dd[hd& atdd[d L_[ i_Y^Wd Wbb[i [h_dd[hd( =_[i pk l[h][ii[d& _ij Z_[ ]heii[ @[\W^h& kdZ[_d b[_Y^j[h PWdZ[b _d [_d[h Db[_d_]a[_j h[_Y^j Wki& kc Wbb[i pkl[h\sbiY^[d(>_d_][ @hkff[d led yBY^iz i_dZ dujpb_Y^& [_d_][ i_dZ audijb_Y^

kdZ [_d_][ i_dZ fWj^ebe]_iY^( :bb[ E[kj[ if_[b[d Kebb[d5 `[Z[I[hied ^Wj kd][\s^h \ud\ eZ[h i[Y^i Kebb[d& Z_[ i_[ _d _^h[cE[X[d if_[bj( L_[ if_[bj i_[ kdX[mkiij& eZ[h m[dd i_[ i_[ X[mkiijpk if_[b[d l[hikY^j& _Z[dj_\_p_[hj i_[ i_Y^ i[^h iY^d[bb c_j _^d[dkdZ if_[bj i_[ m[_j[h^_d kdX[mkiij( =_[i[ Kebb[d pkiWcc[dX_bZ[d ZWi _cW]_dsh[ yBY^z(LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij ZWi _cW]_dsh[ yBY^z("C[cWdZ \hW]j[& eX ^t^[h[ ;[mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[ ]hkdZb['

][dZ iY^b[Y^j[h[ eZ[h ]b[_Y^[hcWii[d ]hkdZb[][dZ X[ii[h[ F[d'iY^[d ^[hlehXhsY^j[d( Hkif[diao Wdjmehj[j[4#G[_d& ZWi _ij \WbiY^( LY^b[Y^j[ E[kj[ atdd[d dkh ZkhY^ Lj[_'

][hd Z[h F[Y^Wd_i_[hj^[_j ^[hleh][XhWY^j m[hZ[d( L[bXij'>h_d'd[hd aWdd a[_d[ \WbiY^[d K[ikbjWj[ [hp[k][d& lehWki][i[jpj& Z_[O[hX_dZkd] pk WdZ[h[d BZ[[d Z[i Loij[ci m_hZ Wk\h[Y^j[h^Wb'j[d& WX[h m[dd cWd [_d[ LWY^[ Wk\]_Xj kdZ [jmWi WdZ[h[i Wki

('

Z[c Loij[c d_ccj ' m[dd cWd pkc ;[_if_[b [hdij^W\j WcL[bXij'>h_dd[hd WhX[_j[j& e^d[ Z_[ BZ[[ Z[h M[_bkd] Z[h yBY^iz pka[dd[d& ie ZWv cWd i_Y^ led :d\Wd] Wd Wbi >_d[d d_ccj "Wbi[_d[ >_d^[_j# ' ZWdd m_hZ L[bXij'>h_dd[hd pk \WbiY^[d K[ikbjWj[dhu^h[d kdZ aWdd ie]Wh [_d[ \[^b[h^W\j[ Dh_ijWbb_iWj_ed X[m_ha[dkdZ [_d[ >djm_Yabkd] kdct]b_Y^ cWY^[d( >i ]_Xj pkc ;[_if_[bLY^kb[d eZ[h Loij[c[& Z_[& eXme^b i_[ [i d_Y^j Wk\ Z_[i[ :hjWkiZhuYa[d& _d Z[h MWj Wk\ \WbiY^[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j X[hk^[d kdZWk\ Z[c DWcf\ ECECL @[m_ii[d( LebY^[ :hX[_j m_hZ X[ij_ccj\WbiY^[ >h][Xd_ii[ ^[hlehXh_d][d( Sk[hij m_hZ i_[ [_d[ :hj Ljsh'a[ ^[hlehXh_d][d& WX[h i_[ m_hZ Z_[ >djm_Yabkd] ^t^[h[d ;['mkiiji[_di pkh Ndct]b_Y^a[_j cWY^[d( >djm[Z[h p[hijthj Z_[LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j ZWi >h_dd[hkd]il[hct][d eZ[h [i [djij[bbj[i(L[bXij'>h_dd[hd _ij [jmWi& ZWi Wk\ h_Y^j_][h ?kdaj_ed X[hk^[d

ckii( @b[_Y^p[_j_] cuii[d L_[ Wd Z[h LY^msY^kd] Z[h LY^[_df[h'itdb_Y^a[_j WhX[_j[d( O[hiY^_[Z[d[ E_d_[d Z[h :hX[_j m[hZ[dled :d\Wd] Wd dW^[][b[]j kdZ [hbskj[hj kdZ Wbb[ cuii[d pkiWc'c[dif_[b[d( L_[ atdd[d d_Y^j Xbeii [_d[ LWY^[ jkd kdZ [_d[WdZ[h[ d_Y^j( :bb[ i_dZ dejm[dZ_]& kc Z_[i[ h_Y^j_][ DecX_dW'j_ed pk [hp[k][d& WX[h pk[hij ckii ZWi O[hij[^[d Z[h LY^[_df[h'itdb_Y^a[_j kdZ Z[h DWcf\ c_j _^h aecc[d( G[^c[d L_[ Wd&cWd l[hikY^j[& i_Y^ i[_d[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd kdZ mebbj[ a[_d[:dijh[d]kd][d ][][d Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j kdj[hd[^c[d&ZWdd muhZ[d Wbb _^h[ F[hacWb[ ^[hlehjh[j[d& i_[ muhZ[d iW][d&^0AF cW] Z_[i[ E[kj[ d_Y^j5 GAF ctY^j[ Z_[i d_Y^j& GAF ctY^j[ ZWid_Y^jz kdZ ie m[_j[h( =Wdd m_hZ [i d_Y^j :hX[_j i[_d& iedZ[hd][dWk ZWi @[][dj[_b( P[dd cWd Wk\ Z_[i[ \WbiY^[ :hj pk WhX[_'j[d l[hikY^j& aWdd i_[ [_d[d ijsha[h cWY^[d& Wbi cWd pkleh mWh&WX[h `[ ijsha[h cWd _d Z_[i[c ?Wbb m_hZ& Z[ije ][h_d][h _ij Z_[Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z[h >djm_Yabkd]( Oeh Z[h >djm_Yabkd] \_n_[h[d{ZWi _ij Z_[ @[\W^h(yBij [_d ][bWd]m[_bj[h F[diY^ \h[_ led BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed9zEWd][m[_b[ _ij BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed c_j i_Y^ i[bXij& c_j Z[h \WbiY^[d

I[hitdb_Y^a[_j& c_j [jmWi _d [_d[c i[bXij( BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed _ij [_dX[_dW^[ f[hcWd[dj[h SkijWdZ \uh kdi( L_[ _ij Z_[ AWkfjcWd_\['

((

ijWj_ed Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j& kdZ Z[im[][d atdd[d m_h Z[h\WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j d_Y^j [djaecc[d( L_[ cuii[d \s^_] i[_d&Z_[i[d SkijWdZ ][jh[ddj led i_Y^ i[bXij pk i[^[d& ][iedZ[hj ledi_Y^ i[bXij& kdZ Z_[i atdd[d L_[ dkh& m[dd L_[ l[hikY^[d&X[mkiij[h pk m[hZ[d& l[hikY^[d& i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd&l[hikY^[d( B^h[h i[bXij ][mW^h pk i[_d( Gkh m[dd L_[ B^h[h i[bXijc[^h ][mW^h m[hZ[d& i_dZ L_[ _d Z[h EW][& c_j >hiY^[_dkd]i\eh'c[d m_[ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ Eu][d pk ascf\[d kdZ c_j Z[hLY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[bXij( :bb[ :hX[_j ckii Wd Z[h LY^[_df[h'itdb_Y^a[_j i[_d( P[dd L_[ _h][dZ[_d[ WdZ[h[ :hX[_j jkd kdZZ_[i[ WkibWii[d& _ij [i dkjpbei[ :hX[_j& kdZ L_[ m[hZ[d i[^hiY^d[bb l[hiW][d( P_[ X[_ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d& Eu][d kdZ Wbb[d>_dX_bZkd][d& aWdd Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j d_Y^j e^d[ BZ[dj_\_'aWj_ed [n_ij_[h[d( L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j [_d[ DecX_dWj_ed Wbb[h Eu][d& F[hacWb[ kdZ yBY^iz _ij&Z_[ d_[cWbi _d _h][dZ[_d[c L_dd eZ[h Wk\ _h][dZ[_d[ :hj dujpb_Y^i[_d atdd[d& m[Z[h _c E[X[d deY^ _d Z[h :hX[_j ' m_[ d[]Wj_l[@[\u^b[(y;[hk^j LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j lebbijsdZ_] Wk\ d[]Wj_l[d @['

\u^b[d9zBd Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j ]_Xj [i l_[b[ =_d][ d[Xij d[]Wj_'

l[d @[\u^b[d( Skc ;[_if_[b ]_Xj [i _d Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j_cc[h iY^b[Y^j[ ][_ij_][ @[me^d^[_j[d ' \WbiY^[i =[da[d(LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j& eZ[h M[_b[ Z[h \WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j&X[hk^[d _cc[h Wk\ \WbiY^[c =[da[d( @b[_Y^p[_j_] muhZ[ Z_[LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j pkiWcc[dXh[Y^[d& m[dd L_[ _^h Z_[ d[]Wj_'l[d @[\u^b[ m[]ds^c[d5 i_[ atddj[ d_Y^j e^d[ i_[ [n_ij_[h[d(y:bie [djifh_d][d Wbb[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ Z[h LY^[_df[hitd'

b_Y^a[_j9z \hW]j[ `[cWdZ WdZ[h[i(CW& ][m_ii( P_[ atddj[ [i WdZ[hi i[_d9 =_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'

a[_j _ij iepkiW][d [_d X[iedZ[h[i Hh]Wd \uh d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[&\uh Z_[ >dj\Wbjkd] d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[& \uh ZWi @[c[ii[d d[]Wj_'l[h @[\u^b[& \uh ZWi A[hlehXh_d][d d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[( L_[ [h_d'd[hd i_Y^& ZWii _Y^ iW]j[& [i ]sX[ a[_d m_hab_Y^[i S[djhkc \uhd[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[( =_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j m_haj Wbi S[djhkc\uh d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[(

()

yP_[ aWdd cWd c_j Z[h >_j[ba[_j Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_jkc][^[d9zL_[ cuii[d [hij Wbb[ _^h[ F[hacWb[ a[dd[d kdZ ZWdd cuii[d

L_[ h_Y^j_] Z[da[d( P[dd L_[ h_Y^j_] Z[da[d& m[hZ[d L_[ P[][\_dZ[d& kc c_j _^h kcpk][^[d( L_[ Zuh\[d i_[ d_Y^j h[Y^j\[hj_][d5i_[ b[Xj led Z[h K[Y^j\[hj_]kd]& ]Wh Z[h O[h^[hhb_Y^kd] Wbb[h_^h[h F[hacWb[( Bd X[_dW^[ `[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya kdi[h[i E[X[di&ie]Wh _d hk^_][d Fec[dj[d& h[Y^j\[hj_][d m_h i_[ _cc[h& X['jhWY^j[d i_[ Wbi b[]_j_c kdZ \_dZ[d Wbb[ ct]b_Y^[d >djiY^kbZ_]kd'][d \uh i_[( =_[i _ij c_j \WbiY^[c =[da[d ][c[_dj( :bie cuii[dL_[ Wbi [hij[i Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j a[dd[d& kdZ ZWdd cuii[dL_[ h_Y^j_] ZWhuX[h Z[da[d( L_[ cuii[d m_ii[d& mWi i_[ _ij ' i_[iepkiW][d fbWp_[h[d ' ZWi _ij Z[h [hij[ LY^h_jj( NdZ& m_[ _Y^iW]j[& cuii[d L_[ [ha[dd[d& ZWii ?JJC BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed& ?JJCP :Xms'][d& ?JJCP Eu][d& ?JJCP i_Y^ i[bXij ;[bu][d& ?JJC LY^msY^[d& ?JJC

P_Z[hifhuY^[& e\\[d kdZ l[hij[Yaj& ZWii PGC ?JJC \WbiY^[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j i_dZ( P[_j[h^_d ][^th[d Wbb[ ?ehc[d led >_][dm_bb[dpkh LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j& Wbie cuii[d L_[ i_[ \hu^[h eZ[h ifsj[hef\[hd(yLW]j[d L_[& ?JJ kdi[h[ Oehb_[X[d kdZ :Xd[_]kd][d i[_[d _d

Z[h \WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j9z=_[ c[_ij[d led _^d[d( NdZ ie]Wh Z_[& Z_[ khifhud]b_Y^ d_Y^j

pk _^h ][^thj[d& Z_[ m_hab_Y^[ Pkhp[bd ^WX[d& Wbb[ ][^[d ZkhY^Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j("C[cWdZ \hW]j[& eX cWd Z_[ ][iWcj[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j

a[dd[d cuii[& kc ][][d i_[ pk ascf\[d& m[_b [i _^c iY^_[d& Wbiatdd[ cWd dkh ab[_d[ LjuYa[ led _^h a[dd[d( Hkif[diao Wdj'mehj[j[4#FWd ckii i_[ a[dd[d( L_[ _ij m_[ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ AkdZ[hWii[(

P[dd L_[ i_[ d_Y^j a[dd[d& atdd[d L_[ d_Y^j uX[h i_[ h[Z[d(P[dd L_[ i_[ ][i[^[d ^WX[d& atdd[d L_[ uX[h i_[ ifh[Y^[d( GkhLjuYa[ pk i[^[d& m_[ L_[ iW]j[d& _ij lebbWk\ ][dk]( C[Z[h ab[_d[M[_b led _^h ^Wj Z_[i[bX[ ?WhX[( P[dd L_[ Z_[i[d AkdZ [_dcWbi[^[d& m[hZ[d L_[ _^d _cc[h a[dd[d( >h X[bbj Wk\ [_d[ X[iedZ['h[ :hj5 [h bsk\j Wk\ [_d[ X[iedZ[h[ :hj("C[cWdZ \hW]j[& eX Z[h yAWkfjpk]z "Z( ^( ZWi AWkfjc[hacWb

(*

Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j# GW^hkd] \uh Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_jmsh[( Hkif[diao iW]j[4#=[h AWkfjpk] _ij a[_d[ GW^hkd]( =[h AWkfjpk] GPQ LY^[_d'

f[hitdb_Y^a[_j( LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j X[hk^j _d Z[d c[_ij[d ?sb'b[d Wk\ [_d[c F[hacWb& ZWi Wd Wbb[c j[_b^Wj( >_d[i MW][im[hZ[d m_h [_d_][ ;[_if_[b[ led AWkfjpu][d d[^c[d kdZ L_[m[hZ[d i[^[d& m_[ [i _d Z[h MWj ZWi _ij& mWi Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j WkicWY^j(yPWi _ij Z_[ X[ij[ :hj& dWY^ i[_d[c AWkfjpk] pk ikY^[d9z

\hW]j[ `[cWdZ(L[^[d L_[ [_d\WY^ i[bXij( BY^ m[_ii d_Y^j& m_[ _Y^ [i X[ii[h

[habsh[d iebb( >i _ij ct]b_Y^& ZWii cWd [jmWi \_dZ[j ' Z[dAWkfjpk] Z[i :k][dXb_Yai( >h _ij [_d][X_bZ[j[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j5ZWi _ij Z[h AWkfjpk] \uh `[Z[d(yDWdd cWd i[_d[d AWkfjpk] sdZ[hd9z \hW]j[ `[cWdZ WdZ[h[i(Sk[hij ckii cWd _^d a[dd[d( P[dd L_[ _^d a[dd[d& m_hZ l_[b

led Z[h JkWb_jsj B^h[i P_ii[di WX^sd][d( P[dd L_[ _^d ]kja[dd[d& ZWdd _ij [i ct]b_Y^& _^d pk sdZ[hd(yP[dd [_d[ AWbjkd] ^_dj[h [_d[c d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b i[^h Wbj

kdZ [_d][\b[_iY^j _ij& ct]b_Y^[hm[_i[ [_d F[hacWb& m_[ aWdd _Y^[i Wd]h[_\[d9z;[]_dd[d L_[ c_j Z[c F[hacWb( ?_dZ[d L_[ ZWi F[hacWb&

ifh[Y^[d L_[ ZWhuX[h kdZ ie m[_j[h(>i _ij dejm[dZ_]& uX[h Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j L?AFWRBCL"

ICL! kdZ _d cWdY^[d ?sbb[d atdd[d L_[ [djiY^_[Z[d [_d[ :hj ledAWkfjpk] i[^[d& Z[h _d Wbb[i [_d][^j& m_[ Z_[ :Y^i[& kc Z_[ i_Y^Wbb[i Zh[^j( FWd aWdd _^d p[_][d& WX[h Z_[ X[jh[\\[dZ[ I[hiedm_hZ iW][d& y:XikhZ& Wbb[i& WX[h d_Y^j ZWi z HZ[h cWdY^cWb _ij[i ie e\\[di_Y^jb_Y^& ZWii [h d_Y^j l[hb[k]d[j m[hZ[d aWdd& WX[hc_j Z[h A_b\[ led Ik\\[hd aWdd cWd _^d m_[Z[h l[h][ii[d( BY^^WX[ E[kj[ ][aWddj& Z_[ _^h[c AWkfjpk] c[^hcWbi [_d[d GW'c[d ]WX[d kdZ _^d [_d[ S[_j bWd] _c @[ZsY^jd_i X[^_[bj[d(=Wdd jhW\ _Y^ i_[ m_[Z[h kdZ i_[ ^Wjj[d l[h][ii[d& eZ[h m[dd i_[i_Y^ [h_dd[hj[d& ^Wjj[d i_[ [_d @[i_Y^j& kdZ m[dd i_[ l[h][ii[d^Wjj[d& ^Wjj[d i_[ [_d WdZ[h[i @[i_Y^j kdZ X[]Wdd[d pk h[Z[d&Wbi ^sjj[d i_[ d_[ ZWhuX[h ][ifheY^[d( L_[ cuii[d i[bXij ds^[h

)!

ZWhWd aecc[d( P[dd L_[ _^d i[bXij \u^b[d& ZWdd m[hZ[d L_[m_ii[d5 m[dd cWd [i B^d[d b[Z_]b_Y^ iW]j& atdd[d L_[ _cc[hl[h][ii[d(yDWdd _Y^ [_d[d :d^Wbjifkdaj \uh Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j

X[aecc[d& m[dd _Y^ Wd >h[_]d_ii[ Z[h O[h]Wd][d^[_j Z[da[9zFWdY^cWb atdd[d L_[ ZWi( >djm[Z[h _d Z[h O[h]Wd][d^[_j

eZ[h _d B^h[d ?h[kdZ[d( :X[h L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii L_[[X[d\Wbbi [_d[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j ^WX[d& d_Y^j dkh B^h[?h[kdZ[yDtdd[d m_h Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j e^d[ A_b\[ i[^[d9zM^[eh[j_iY^ ifh_Y^j d_Y^ji ZW][][d& dkh iW^ _Y^ deY^ d_[ ie

[_d[d ?Wbb kdZ a[_d WdZ[h[h& Z[d _Y^ a[dd[& iW^ ie [_d[d ?Wbb(Le]Wh m[dd cWd _^d[d ^_b\j& i_dZ Z_[ E[kj[ ][mt^db_Y^ d_Y^jZWhWk\ lehX[h[_j[j& i_[ pk i[^[d( >i _ij& Wbi iebbj[d L_[ [_d[cF[diY^[d i[_d :XX_bZ _d [_d[c m_hab_Y^[d& jWjisY^b_Y^[d Lf_[][bp[_][d& kdZ [h muhZ[ iW][d& y=Wi X_d d_Y^j _Y^( =Wi _ij [_daudijb_Y^[h Lf_[][b& a[_d m_hab_Y^[h Lf_[][b( =Wi _ij a[_d Lf_[][b'X_bZ led c_h(z :X[h m[dd [_d F[diY^ lehX[h[_j[j _ij& _ij [icWdY^cWb ct]b_Y^& [_d F[hacWb eZ[h [_d[ LY^msY^[ _d i_Y^i[bXij pk [ha[dd[d( P[dd [_d F[diY^ Z_[i F[hacWb a[ddj& m[dd[h X[]_ddj& [i _c @[ZsY^jd_i pk X[^Wbj[d kdZ ZWhWd pk Z[da[d&ZWdd cW] [_d X[ij_ccj[h :k][dXb_Ya aecc[d& _d Z[c [h ledZ_[i[c F[hacWb \h[_ _ij& _d Z[c i[_d AWdZ[bd d_Y^j ZkhY^ i[_d[LY^msY^[ X[ij_ccj _ij(FWdY^cWb d[^c[d kdi[h[ F[hacWb[ eZ[h LY^msY^[d [_d\W'

Y^[ ?ehc[d m_[ ?Wkb^[_j Wd& WX[h _d WdZ[h[d ?sbb[d i_dZ _^h[?ehc[d ie ]kj l[hab[_Z[j& ZWii [i a[_d[ ][mt^db_Y^[d Pehj[]_Xj& kc i_[ pk X[iY^h[_X[d& kdZ i_[ atdd[d dkh ZkhY^ [_d[ :hj=_W]hWcc eZ[h S[_Y^dkd] X[iY^h_[X[d m[hZ[d(?uh cWdY^[ E[kj[ X[ij[^[d Zh[_ O_[hj[b _^h[i E[X[di eZ[h

c[^h Wki ?Wkb^[_j( FWdY^cWb _ij ?Wkb^[_j i[^h m_Y^j_]& cWdY^'cWb _ij i_[ Z[h AWkfjpk] Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j( L[^h e\j _ij i_[Z[h AWkfjpk]& kdZ Z[h ]Wdp[ K[ij ^sd]j led Z[h ?Wkb^[_j WX kdZZ_[dj Z[h ?Wkb^[_j( :X[h Z[da[d L_[ ZWhWd& ZWii [i l[hiY^_[Z[d[:hj[d led ?Wkb^[_j ]_Xj( FWd ckii i_[ ZkhY^ L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd]kdZ ZkhY^ ;[eXWY^j[d WdZ[h[h E[kj[ ^[hWki\_dZ[d( Skc ;[_'

)"

if_[b ]_Xj [i i[^h ][iY^s\j_][ E[kj[& Z_[ _cc[h [jmWi jkd kdZZ[ddeY^ aWdd _^h .CGPQ \Wkb i[_d( =Wi ][iY^_[^j ^sk\_][h Wbi Wbb[iWdZ[h[( ?Wkb^[_j _ij d_Y^j dkh Z[h PkdiY^& pk i_jp[d kdZ d_Y^ji pkjkd(

";[_ [_d[c i[_d[h Mh[\\[d \hW]j[ `[cWdZ Hkif[diao& eX cWd_h][dZ[jmWi Wbb[_d[ jkd atdd[& eZ[h eX [i c_j A_b\[ WdZ[h[h][iY^[^[d cuii[( Hkif[diao iW]j[& ZWii E[kj[ ie\ehj pk Wh]k'c[dj_[h[d X[]sdd[d& m[dd [h _^d[d iW][& mWi pk jkd i[_& kdZd_Y^j dkh pk Wh]kc[dj_[h[d& iedZ[hd i_[ muhZ[d d[]Wj_l( >hiW]j[& ZWi i[_ _d PW^h^[_j Z[h @hkdZ& mWhkc d_Y^j ][^eb\[dm[hZ[d atdd[& kdZ mWhkc [i dejm[dZ_] i[_& K[][bd kdZ ][dWk[:d\ehZ[hkd][d pk [hij[bb[d( P[dd [i b[Z_]b_Y^ dejm[dZ_] msh[&E[kj[d dkh pk p[_][d& mWi pk jkd _ij& ZWdd msh[ ZWi [_d\WY^& WX[h[i i[_ d_Y^j _cc[h [_d\WY^& Z[d AWkfjpk] Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j pk [habsh[d#( FWdY^cWb _ij [h Z[kjb_Y^ i_Y^jXWh& ZWdd m_[Z[h_ij [h l[hXeh][d[h kdZ iY^m_[h_][h pk i[^[d& kdZ pk m_[Z[hWdZ[h[d S[_j[d _ij [i dkh ct]b_Y^ _d [_d[h Wbb][c[_d[d :hj uX[hLY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j dWY^pkZ[da[d( :X[h [i ]WX d_Y^j [_d[d[_dp_][d ?Wbb& _d Z[c Z_[ E[kj[ d_Y^j ^[\j_] pk Wh]kc[dj_[h[dX[]Wdd[d& m[dd _Y^ Z[d AWkfjpk] p[_]j[(";[_ [_d[c WdZ[h[d Mh[\\[d iW]j[ `[cWdZ& ZWii [i _^c ][b['

][djb_Y^ ][b_d][& i_Y^ X[_c :aj Z[i :Xms][di eZ[h i_Y^ BZ[dj_\_'p_[h[di pk X[eXWY^j[d( >h \hW]j[& eX [h Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj i[_d[LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j a[dd[db[hd[d kdZ i_[ ZkhY^ ;[eXWY^j[diY^msY^[d atdd[( Hkif[diao Wdjmehj[j[& Z_[i i[_ Z[h [_dp_][P[] kdZ i[^h ]kj& iebWd][ cWd [i pk l[hikY^[d d_Y^j cuZ[muhZ[#( Sk ;[]_dd \Wd][d l_[b[ E[kj[ i[^h [_\h_] Wd& m[hZ[dWX[h iY^d[bb cuZ[ kdZ X[]_dd[d ZWi Pehj yBY^z kdj[hiY^_[Zibeipk l[hm[dZ[d& e^d[ i_Y^ pk \hW][d& m[bY^[i yBY^z& m[bY^[h M[_bled yBY^z( Ndi[h AWkfj\[_dZ _ij ZWi Pehj yBY^z& m[_b m_h a[_dK[Y^j ^WX[d& [i jWjisY^b_Y^ _d ][mt^db_Y^[d L_jkWj_ed[d pk][XhWkY^[d( O_[b ifsj[h& dWY^ bWd][h :hX[_j& atdd[d m_h Wd [_d[Z[h @hkff[d led yBY^iz pk Z[da[d X[]_dd[d "m_[ `[d[& Z_[ m_hLj[bbl[hjh[j[dZ[h AWki^sbj[h ][dWddj ^WX[d#& Z_[ i_Y^ Wki Z[cFW]d[j_iY^[d S[djhkc Wbi yBY^z [djm_Ya[bd( :X[h m[dd L_[ i_Y^

)#

kdj[h ][mt^db_Y^[d ;[Z_d]kd][d ^0AF cW] d_Y^jz iW][d ^th[d&ZWdd cuii[d L_[ i_Y^ \hW][d& m[bY^[i B^h[h yBY^iz d_Y^j cW](:k\ Z_[i[ :hj m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ Wd Z_[ O_[b^[_j [h_dd[hd& Z_[ _d kdiWbb[d _ij( P[dd L_[ [i [_dcWb l[h][ii[d& m_hZ [i b[_Y^j[h i[_d& [iWkY^ ZWi dsY^ij[ FWb pk l[h][ii[d( >i ]_Xj l_[b[ ]kj[ :d\sd][ _dZ[h :hX[_j& kdZ ZWdd m_hZ Z_[i l[h][ii[d& kdZ Z_[ E[kj[ X[]_d'd[d WXpk]b[_j[d& kdZ Wbb[i& mWi Wc >dZ[ [_djh_jj& _ij& ZWii i_[c[Y^Wd_iY^[h Wbi pkleh m[hZ[d(yDtdd[d m_h kdi[h[ F[hacWb[ d_Y^j ZkhY^ ;[eXWY^j[d [dj'

Z[Ya[d9z>i _ij i[^h kdmW^hiY^[_db_Y^( P_h i_dZ pk ijWha _d _^d[d5 m_h

^WX[d d_Y^j ][dk] I[hif[aj_l[& ie ZWii m_hab_Y^[ :hX[_j& [hdij'^W\j[ :hX[_j dkh lec F[hacWb Wki][^[d aWdd( BY^ c[_d[ d_Y^j&ZWii ZWi \uh `[Z[i BdZ_l_Zkkc WXiebkj dejm[dZ_] _ij& Z[dd [i ]_Xj?sbb[& _d Z[d[d Z_[ F[hacWb[ d_Y^j X[ij_ccj m[hZ[d atdd[d(=_[ ;[ij_cckd] cuiij[ ie aecfb_p_[hj i[_d& ZWii i_[ a[_d[dfhWaj_iY^[d P[hj ^sjj[( Bd ie [_d[c ?Wbb h[_Y^j [i Wki& Z_[Wbb][c[_d[ M[_bkd] _d yBY^z kdZ zHkif[diaoz pk d[^c[d( Gkh_ij [i dejm[dZ_]& pk [_d[c OGAFQGECL O[hijsdZd_i Z[ii[d pk][bWd][d& mWi yBY^z _ij kdZ mWi yHkif[diaoz _ij& ZWi ^[_iij& mWiL_[ i_dZ kdZ mWi Eu][ _ij( >i h[_Y^j pkc ;[_if_[b d_Y^j& Z_[Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z_[i[h M[_bkd] [_dpkhskc[d kdZ ZWdd pk iW][d& ZWi&mWi L_[ ct][d& i[_ yBY^z kdZ mWi L_[ WXb[^d[d& i[_ d_Y^j yBY^z(>i _ij bWd][ :hX[_j& kdZ Z_[ h_Y^j_][ M[_bkd] aWdd d_Y^j ie\ehj][\kdZ[d m[hZ[d& WX[h [i ckii [_d_][ A_dm[_i[ ][X[d& Z_[ L_[\uh Z[d ;[]_dd Z[i P[][i \_dZ[d atdd[d( G[^c[d L_[ pkc;[_if_[b Wd& L_[ \ehckb_[h[d B^h S_[b _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j Z_[i[h:hX[_j& _dZ[c L_[ iW][d& yBY^ ctY^j[ \h[_ i[_dz( =Wi _ij [_d[ i[^h]kj[ ;[ij_cckd]& WX[h mWi aeccj ZWdWY^9 Sk[hij cuii[d L_[l[hij[^[d& ZWii L_[ d_Y^j \h[_ i_dZ( P[dd L_[ l[hij[^[d& _dm[bY^[c :kicWii L_[ d_Y^j \h[_ i_dZ& kdZ m[dd L_[ B^h O[hbWd][d&\h[_ pk i[_d& \ehckb_[h[d& ZWdd m[hZ[d L_[ _d i_Y^ i[bXij i[^[d&m[bY^[h M[_b led B^d[d \h[_ i[_d ctY^j[ kdZ m[bY^[h M[_b d_Y^j("C[cWdZ \hW]j[& eX Z_[ MWjiWY^[& [_d F[hacWb pk i[^[d& _d

i_Y^ i[bXij Wkih[_Y^[& kc [i pk l[hc_dZ[hd& kdZ WkY^& mWi cWdWd i[_d[ Lj[bb[ i[jp[d atdd[( Hkif[diao iW]j[& L[^[d muhZ[ [i

)$

d_Y^j l[hc_dZ[hd& [i i[_ dejm[dZ_]& ZW][][d Wdpkascf\[d( >h\k^h \ehj4# >hij iebbj[ cWd l[hikY^[d& [i ZkhY^ Z_h[aj[d DWcf\pk fhu\[d( G[^c[d L_[ Wd& cWd c[haj& ZWii cWd pk l_[b Wh]k'c[dj_[hj& ZWdd ZWh\ cWd d_Y^j Wh]kc[dj_[h[d& ZWi _ij Wbb[i(PWhkc [jmWi Wd i[_d[ Lj[bb[ i[jp[d9 >i _ij d_Y^j dejm[dZ_]&_h][dZ[jmWi Wd i[_d[ Lj[bb[ pk i[jp[d Wkii[h LY^m[_][d("C[cWdZ ifhWY^ uX[h [_d[ dkjpbei[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j& Z_[ i_[

][deii& eXme^b i_[ mkiij[& ZWii i_[ dkjpbei mWh( Hkif[diaoiW]j[4# Bd iebY^ [_d[c ?Wbb atdd[d L_[ c_j Z_[i[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_jascf\[d& _dZ[c L_[ WdZ[h[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j[d ijsha[d& Z_[ _^h[dj][][dij[^[d( G[^c[d L_[ Wd& L_[ ^WX[d [_d X[ij_ccj[i [dZ']ubj_][i F[hacWb& c_j Z[c L_[ ascf\[d ctY^j[d& kdZ L_[l[hikY^[d [_d WdZ[h[i& c_j _^c kdl[h[_dXWh[i F[hacWb pk \_d'Z[d& ZWi dujpb_Y^ i[_d atddj[( P[dd L_[ _d B^h[c ][][dmshj_][d;[ijWdZ d_Y^ji Wkih[_Y^[dZ LjWha[i \_dZ[d& Z[c L_[ [i [dj][][d'ij[bb[d atdd[d& ie iY^Wk[d L_[ _d B^h @[ZsY^jd_i( G[^c[d L_[Wd& L_[ \_dZ[d [_d F[hacWb& ZWi kdl[h[_dXWh _ij c_j Z[c& ZWi L_[beim[hZ[d mebb[d kdZ ZWi dujpb_Y^ i[_d aWdd& ZWdd [hi[jp[d L_[[_d\WY^ ZWi [_d[ ZkhY^ ZWi WdZ[h[( :X[h [i cW] lehaecc[d&ZWii i_[ ie]Wh ZWdd X[_Z[ ]buYab_Y^ pkiWcc[d b[X[d( =Wi [_d[cW] Wc :X[dZ Wdm[i[dZ i[_d& ZWi WdZ[h[ Wc Feh][d& kdZ i_[X[][]d[d i_Y^ l_[bb[_Y^j d_[(>i ]_Xj dkh [_d[ m_hab_Y^[ @[\W^h( P[dd cWd \uh [_d[ bWd][

S[_j e^d[ Wkih[_Y^[dZ[ :dijh[d]kd][d m[_j[hcWY^j eZ[h e^d[[jmWi [hdij^W\j pk jkd& ZWdd j[_bj cWd i_Y^& WdijWjj [_di pkm[hZ[d& _d pm[_& ie ZWii Wbb[ F[hacWb[ kdZ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j[d _dpm[_ @hkff[d ][j[_bj m[hZ[d ' led Z[d[d [_d M[_b Z[h :hX[_jdujpj& Z_[ f[hitdb_Y^[ :hX[_j \thZ[hj iem_[ [_d[d WdZ[h[d [djm['Z[h ]b[_Y^]ubj_][d eZ[h ie]Wh \[_dZb_Y^[d M[_b( =Wi _ij [_d[m_hab_Y^[ @[\W^h& Z[dd m[dd pm[_ M[_b[ X[]_dd[d& i_Y^ Z[hWhj pkX_bZ[d& l[hZ_hXj Z_[ @b[_Y^]ubj_]a[_j Z[i [_d[d ZWi >h][Xd_i Z[h:hX[_j Z[i WdZ[h[d( =[cdWY^ ckii cWd i[^h iY^d[bb kdZ i[^hijWha ZW][][d Wdascf\[d& iedij aWdd [i pk Zeff[bj[h Dh_ijWbb_iW'j_ed aecc[d(yPWi l[hij[^[d L_[ kdj[h Dh_ijWbb_i_[h[d9zP_h X[dkjp[d ZWi Pehj _d [_d[c X[iedZ[h[d L_dd( C[Z[i

)%

F[hacWb aWdd ah_ijWbb_i_[hj m[hZ[d& ][dWk ie m_[ Ik\\[h ah_ijWbb_'i_[h[d( =_[i[h ;[]h_\\ aWc Wki Z[h j^[eief^_iY^[d M[hc_debe']_[5 [h _ij cWdY^cWb dujpb_Y^( BY^ Z[da[& `[Z[h ^_[h ^Wj led^t^[h[d Dthf[hd ][^thj& Z[c WijhWb[d& c[djWb[d kdZ aWkiWb[d(=_[ BZ[[ _ij& ZWii Z[h F[diY^ dkh CGLCL NFVPGPAFCL Dthf[h ^WjkdZ Z_[ >djm_Yabkd] _d Z[h >djm_Yabkd] F[FCOCO Dthf[h X[ij[^j(Le [djifh_Y^j F[diY^ Gh( / Z[h Dh_ijWbb_iWj_ed Z[i WijhWb[d Dth'f[hi& F[diY^ Gh( 0 Z[h Dh_ijWbb_iWj_ed Z[i c[djWb[d Dthf[hi kdZF[diY^ Gh( 1 Z[h Dh_ijWbb_iWj_ed Z[i aWkiWb[d Dthf[hi(:X[h& ZW m_h led Z[h Dh_ijWbb_iWj_ed led F[hacWb[d ifh[Y^[d&

[_d[ I[hied aWdd i[^h ]kj[ kdZ i[^h iY^td[ F[hacWb[ ^WX[dkdZ ZeY^ ^_dj[h Z_[i[d [_d ab[_d[i F[hacWb Z[h LY^[_df[hitd'b_Y^a[_j Wk\m[_i[d& ZWi Z_[ :hX[_j \uh i_[ i[^h [hiY^m[hj& l_[b'b[_Y^j c[^h [hiY^m[hj Wbi \uh `[cWdZ WdZ[h[d& Z[h iebY^ Xh_bb_Wdj[F[hacWb[ d_Y^j Wk\m[_ij(LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j aWdd leh][X[d& Wd Z[h :hX[_j _dj[h[i'

i_[hj pk i[_d& aWdd =_d][ \uh i_Y^ X[WdifhkY^[d kdZ d[]Wj_l[ikdZ c[Y^Wd_iY^[i :]_[h[d L[bXij'>h_dd[hd eZ[h [jmWi q^d'b_Y^[i d[dd[d( :X[h i_[ aWdd a[_d[ dujpb_Y^[ :hX[_j jkd5 i_[aWdd b[Z_]b_Y^ Z_[ ;[cu^kd][d Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j[d l[hZ[hX[d&Z_[ :hX[_j b[_ij[d kdZ >h][Xd_ii[ [hp_[b[d atdd[d(Bc E_Y^j Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij Z_[i Loij[c [_d ltbb_]

WdZ[h[i5 [i m_hZ pk [jmWi& ZWi Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j ijshajkdZ ZWi mW^h[ Loij[c \uh L_[ iY^msY^j( Bd Z[c :k][dXb_Ya& _dZ[c Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j ZWi Loij[c \uh i_Y^ uX[hd_ccj&\u]j i_[ [_d Pehj ^_[h kdZ Zehj [_d WdZ[h[i Pehj ^_dpk( L_[atdd[d i_Y^ d_Y^j lehij[bb[d& m_[ i[bjiWc [_d_][ Z_[i[h BZ[[dab_d][d& m[dd i_[ c_h m_[Z[h leh][jhW][d m[hZ[d( >_d Wki [_d[h?ehckb_[hkd] m[]][bWii[d[i Pehj [h]_Xj [_d[d ltbb_] WdZ[h[d@[ZWda[d5 kdZ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij lebbWk\ [djiY^kbZ_]jkdZ aWdd jkd& mWi i_[ mudiY^j kdZ ie m[_j[h(yPsY^ij kdi[h[ ?s^_]a[_j pkh :hX[_j ][dWk _d Z[c FWii& m_[

m_h _d Z[h EW][ i_dZ& Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j pk iY^msY^[d9z:bb[i& mWi cWd [hh[_Y^[d aWdd& aWdd cWd dkh Wk\ Deij[d Z[h

LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j [hbWd][d( Lfsj[h& m[dd i_[ d_Y^j ][][dmsh'j_] _ij& aWdd cWd l_[b[i Wk\ Deij[d WdZ[h[h =_d][ [hm[hX[d& WX[h

)&

\uh [_d[ bWd][ S[_j ckii cWd iepkiW][d led Z[h LY^[_df[hitd'b_Y^a[_j b[X[d(yBij LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j Z_[ ]heii[ LY^hWda[& Z_[ kdi lec

;[mkiiji[_d jh[ddj9z &Sk Wbb[h[hij& `W( :X[h ZWd[X[d l_[b[ c[Y^Wd_iY^[ @[me^d^[_'

j[d( FWdY^cWb ie]Wh c[Y^Wd_iY^[ @[me^d^[_j[d _d WdZ[h[dS[djh[d(yP[dd cWd Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j X[i[_j_][d atddj[ (((z

X[]Wdd `[cWdZ(L_[ atdd[d d_Y^ji [dj\[hd[d5 [i _ij ][dWk ie& Wbi l[hikY^j[d

L_[& i_Y^ B^h[d Def\ WXpkiY^d[_Z[d( :X[h L_[ atdd[d Z_[ LY^[_d'f[hitdb_Y^a[_j m[d_][h dWY^ZhuYab_Y^ kdZ X[ijsdZ_] cWY^[d(P[dd L_[ _d [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d :k][dXb_Ya Z_[ @[\W^h Z[hFWd_\[ijWj_ed Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j \u^b[d kdZ L_[ [_d[dP[] \_dZ[d atdd[d& kc i_[ pk ijeff[d ' ^_[hc_j cuii[d L_[X[]_dd[d( =_[ ?hW][ Z[i ;[i[_j_][di jWkY^j ^_[h uX[h^Wkfj d_Y^jWk\5 i_[ ij[^j c_j ltbb_] WdZ[h[d =_d][d _d SkiWcc[d^Wd]( L_[cuii[d b[hd[d& Z_[ >hiY^[_dkd]i\ehc[d pk X[^[hhiY^[d( :X[hm[dd cWd BCLIQ! cWd atdd[ [jmWi jkd& kdZ i_Y^ ]b[_Y^p[_j_]m[_][hj& Wc >hm[hX Z_[i[h Dedjhebb[ pk ?O@CGQCL! ZWdd [djm_a'a[bd i_Y^ Z_[ =_d][ iY^b[Y^j( FWd aWdd lebb[h >dj^ki_WickiZWhuX[h i[_d& mWi cWd jkd iebb& X_i cWd m[_ii& mWi cWd pk jkd^Wj( P[dd cWd [i m[_ii& m_hZ cWd i[^h d[]Wj_l kdZ l[hikY^j& [ipk l[hc[_Z[d eZ[h Wk\ [_d[ WdZ[h[ :hj pk [habsh[d( =Wi cuii[dL_[ l[hij[^[d ' ZWii Z_[ 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ PGAF PCJ@PQ SCOQCG"

BGEQ# L_[ cuii[d WkY^ l[hij[^[d& ZWii L_[& m_[ L_[ i_dZ& Wk\ B^h[h][][dmshj_][d Ljk\[ d_Y^j [_dcWb Wd\Wd][d atdd[d pk WhX[_j[d(Sk[hij cuii[d L_[ ZWi [_d[ eZ[h WdZ[h[ sdZ[hd( :X[h L_[atdd[d dkh Wk\]hkdZ B^h[h [_][d[d ;[eXWY^jkd][d ^[hWki\_d'Z[d& mWi L_[ pk sdZ[hd ^WX[d& kdZ Z_[i _ij \uh l[hiY^_[Z[d[E[kj[ l[hiY^_[Z[d(@[b[][djb_Y^ m_hZ [i h[Y^j abWh& mWi ][sdZ[hj m[hZ[d ckii&

kdZ ZWdd X[]_ddj Z[h DWcf\& m[_b Z_[ 9AFCGLNCOP[LJGAFICGQ PGAF

WRO =CFO PCQWQ# Mkd L_[ _cc[h [jmWi& ZWi Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^'a[_j d_Y^j cW]& kc c_j _^h pk ascf\[d& kdZ L_[ m[hZ[d i[^h XWbZ^[hWki\_dZ[d& mWi i_[ d_Y^j cW]( P[dd L_[ \ehj\W^h[d& m_hZ i_[

)'

sh][hb_Y^[h kdZ sh][hb_Y^[h m[hZ[d kdZ i_Y^ Z[kjb_Y^[h kdZ Z[kj'b_Y^[h p[_][d& ie ZWii i_[ XWbZ Wkii[h ?hW][ ij[^[d m_hZ( :X[hm[dd L_[ d_Y^ji jkd& kc Z[h \WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j >_d^Wbj pk][X_[j[d& msY^ij i_[( L_[ aWdd d_Y^j led i[bXij WXd[^c[d( Oeh'b_[X[d atdd[d i_Y^ sdZ[hd kdZ ie m[_j[h& WX[h i_[ msY^ij( GkhZ_[i[ >djm_Yabkd] \_dZ[j _c c[Y^Wd_iY^[d E[X[d ijWjj ' iedija[_d[(

EWii[d L_[ kdi uX[h Z_[ ;[p_[^kd] Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j pkWdZ[h[d M[_b[d Z[i F[diY^[d ifh[Y^[d( Bd `[Z[c F[diY^[diY^h[_j[j Z_[ >djm_Yabkd] _d `[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya ][csii Z[ii[d\ehj& mWi cWd [_d[ ijWj_iY^[ Mh_WZ[ d[dd[d atddj[( =_[i[ Mh_WZ[m_hZ [_d[ ijWj_iY^[ Mh_WZ[ ][dWddj& m[_b Dthf[h& L[[b[ kdZ>ii[dp _cc[h Wd Z[hi[bX[d Lj[bb[ Xb[_X[d kdZ Wbi Z_[ d[kjhWb_i_['h[dZ[ DhW\j m_ha[d& ms^h[dZ Z_[ WdZ[h[d Dhs\j[ i_Y^ dkh i[^hbWd]iWc sdZ[hd( =_[ ][iWcj[ Mh_WZ[ Xb[_Xj Z_[ ]Wdp[ S[_j uX[hc[^h eZ[h m[d_][h Wc i[bX[d IbWjp(=Wi [hij[ =h[_[Ya p[_]j Z[d SkijWdZ Z[i F[diY^[d _c ]['

mt^db_Y^[d E[X[d5 ZWi pm[_j[ p[_]j i[_d[d SkijWdZ& m[dd [h i_Y^pk [djm_Ya[bd X[]_ddj( Sm_iY^[d Z[c SkijWdZ Z[i [hij[d kdZZ[c SkijWdZ Z[i pm[_j[d =h[_[Yai b_[][d bWd][ S[_jhskc[& kdZdeY^ bsd][h[ pm_iY^[d _^d[d kdZ Z[c Zh_jj[d =h[_[Ya( MWjisY^'b_Y^ ]_Xj [i l_[b[ Sm_iY^[dijWZ_[d& WX[h Z_[i[ Zh[_ h[_Y^[d Wki&kc Z[d P[] Z[h >djm_Yabkd] _d X[pk] Wk\ Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j pk p[_][d(FWd ckii X[Z[da[d& ZWii a[_d[h Z_[i[h SkijsdZ[ f[hcWd[dj

_ij( C[Z[h SkijWdZ cW] kd][\s^h [_d[ ^WbX[ LjkdZ[ ZWk[hd& kdZZWdd cW] [_d WdZ[h[h SkijWdZ aecc[d& ZWdd m_[Z[h [_d WdZ['h[h SkijWdZ( =Wi =_W]hWcc p[_]j b[Z_]b_Y^& TGC Z_[ >djm_Yabkd]l[hbsk\j( >i msh[ ct]b_Y^& ZWi =_W]hWcc uX[h ZWi f[hcWd[dj[yBY^z ^_dWkipk\u^h[d& m[_b ZWi f[hcWd[dj[ yBY^z l_[b[ ?ehc[d^Wj(=_[ Mh_WZ[ m_hZ ZkhY^ Z[d Dthf[h& Z_[ L[[b[ kdZ Z_[ >ii[dp

)(

Wc :f[n ][X_bZ[j( :c pm[_j[d Ikdaj b_[]j yBY^z5 ZWi ^[_iij& Z_[l_[b[d yBY^iz& Z_[ Z_[ I[hied WkicWY^[d& ZWi X[Z[kj[j& Wbb[@[\u^b[ kdZ >cf\_dZkd][d& Z_[ d_Y^j M[_b Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j i_dZ(=[h Zh_jj[ Ikdaj Z[i =h[_[Yai m_hZ led Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'

a[_j [_d][decc[d "ZWi ^[_iij& ZWi [_d][X_bZ[j[ ;_bZ i[_d[hi[bXij#(Bc ][mt^db_Y^[d F[diY^[d d[ddj i_Y^ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'

a[_j yBY^z& WX[h dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j X[]_ddj _d [_d[c F[diY^[d&\Wbbi [h pkh >djm_Yabkd] \s^_] _ij& ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc pkmWY^i[d( >h cW] [i Wbi yX[iedZ[h[ Bdj[h[ii[dz& yBZ[Wb[z& yBZ['[dz eZ[h [jmWi s^db_Y^[i X[p[_Y^d[d( :X[h m[dd [h Z_[i cW]d['j_iY^[ S[djhkc _d i_Y^ pk \u^b[d X[]_ddj& [djZ[Yaj [h [_d[d][iedZ[hj[d M[_b _d i_Y^& kdZ led Z_[i[c M[_b ][^j i[_d PWY^i[dWki( =_[i[i PWY^i[d aWdd dkh Wk\ Deij[d Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j ijWjj\_dZ[d& Z[dd Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j aWdd d_Y^j pkhi[bX[d S[_j Wk\jh[j[d m_[ ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc(

Dthf[h& L[[b[& >ii[dp

l_[b[ yBY^iz LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j

Dthf[h& L[[b[& >ii[dp

cW]d[j_iY^[i S[djhkc Dthf[h& L[[b[& >ii[dp LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j

f[hcWd[dj[i yBY^z l_[b[ yBY^iz

)*

P[dd ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc _d [_d[c F[diY^[d ][X_bZ[j_ij& aWdd [h [_d[h LY^kb[ X[][]d[d& kdZ m[dd [h pk WhX[_j[dX[]_ddj& ckii [h ][][d Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j WhX[_j[d( =Wi^[_iij d_Y^j& ZWii Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j l[hiY^m_dZ[j5 [i X['Z[kj[j b[Z_]b_Y^& ZWii i_[ d_Y^j _cc[h Wdm[i[dZ _ij( Sk :d\Wd]_ij i_[ \Wij _cc[h Wdm[i[dZ& WX[h m[dd ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[d'jhkc pk mWY^i[d X[]_ddj& l[hiY^m_dZ[j i_[& cWdY^cWb \uh [_d[^WbX[ LjkdZ[& cWdY^cWb ie]Wh \uh [_d[d MW]( =Wdd aeccj i_[pkhuYa kdZ Xb[_Xj [_d[ PeY^[ bWd] =W^[h ckii Wbb kdi[h[:hX[_j ][][d Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j ][h_Y^j[j i[_d(P[dd Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j \uh [_d[ akhp[ S[_j l[hiY^m_d'

Z[j& m_hZ yBY^z ijsha[h& dkh _ij [i d_Y^j m_hab_Y^ yBY^z& [i kc\Wiijl_[b[ yBY^iz( C[ bsd][h Z_[ S[_jhskc[ ZWk[hd& _d Z[d[d Z_[\WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j l[hiY^m_dZ[j& Z[ije ijsha[h m_hZ ZWi Wkil_[b[d yBY^iz pkiWcc[d][i[jpj[ yBY^z( =Wi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[d'jhkc aWdd _d Z[d Lj[bbl[hjh[j[dZ[d AWki^sbj[h kc][mWdZ[bjm[hZ[d& kdZ m[dd Z[h Lj[bbl[hjh[j[dZ[ AWki^sbj[h Dedjhebb[uX[h Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j [hbWd]j& ZWdd Xh_d]j [h m_hab_Y^Wbb[ kddtj_][d =_d][ Wk\ Z_[ L[_j[ Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j^_duX[h& kdZ dkh Z_[ dujpb_Y^[d =_d][ Xb[_X[d Wk\ Z[h L[_j[ Z[iyBY^z( Bd [_d[c deY^ ifsj[h[d SkijWdZ cW] [i ZWdd i[_d& ZWiiZWi f[hcWd[dj[ yBY^z c_j Wbb[c& mWi ZWpk ][^thj& Wk\ Z_[ L[_j[Z[i yBY^z jh_jj( =Wdd m[hZ[d l_[b[ yBY^iz Wk\ Z[h L[_j[ Z[hLY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[_d& WX[h m_h atdd[d `[jpj deY^ d_Y^j l_[bZWhuX[h iW][d( >i m_hZ ZWi f[hcWd[dj[ yBY^z ][X[d& c_j Wbb[c&mWi ZWpk ][^thj& WX[h m_h m_ii[d d_Y^j& mWi ZWpk ][^thj( =Wif[hcWd[dj[ yBY^z ^Wj ltbb_] WdZ[h[ ?kdaj_ed[d& [_d ]Wdp WdZ['h[h @[i_Y^jifkdaj Wbi Wbb[i& mWi m_h ][me^dj i_dZ(=_[ ijWj_iY^[ Mh_WZ[ p[_]j& ZWii [djm[Z[h f[hitdb_Y^[ :hX[_j

eZ[h =[][d[hWj_ed _d ;[p_[^kd] Wk\ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ FWd_\[ijWj_e'd[d Z[h \WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j leh i_Y^ ][^j& WX[h ZWii Dthf[h&L[[b[ kdZ >ii[dp Z_[ ]Wdp[ S[_j ]b[_Y^ Xb[_X[d( GWY^ [_d_][h S[_jm[hZ[d WkY^ i_[ X[hu^hj& WX[h i_[ ][^[d d_Y^j _d Z_[ :d\Wd]ipk'ijsdZ[ [_d( =[h Dthf[h m_hZ Z[hi[bX[ Dthf[h Xb[_X[d& Z_[ >ii[dpm_hZ i_Y^ ifsj[h mWdZ[bd& WX[h i_[ ][^j d_Y^j _d Z[d ;[]_dd Z[h:hX[_j [_d( @[csii Z_[i[c Loij[c jh_jj Z_[ >ii[dp dkh _diem[_j

*!

_d >hiY^[_dkd]& Wbi i_[ c_j Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j l[hc_iY^j _ij( P_hX[^WdZ[bd i_[ d_Y^j ][jh[ddj& m[_b m_h& m_[ X[h[_ji [hbskj[hj&a[_d[ F_jj[b ^WX[d& kc ][jh[ddj led Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j Wd Z[h>ii[dp pk WhX[_j[d(yPWi X[m_hajz& \hW]j[ `[cWdZ& yZWii ZWi mW^h[ 6BY^8 i_Y^ pk

[djm_Ya[bd kdZ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j pk iY^m_dZ[d X[]_ddj9z>hij [_dcWb _ij [i [_d[ ?hW][ Z[h S[_j( LW][d m_h& Z_[ LY^[_d'

f[hitdb_Y^a[_j _ij _c ][mt^db_Y^[d E[X[d ms^h[dZ Zh[_kdZpmWd'p_] led `[m[_bi l_[hkdZpmWdp_] LjkdZ[d ZW& ie m_hZ i_[ dkh deY^pm[_kdZpmWdp_] LjkdZ[d ZW i[_d& m[dd Z_[ :hX[_j X[]_ddj& kdZZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc m_hZ [_d[ LjkdZ[ bsd][h Wbi uXb_Y^Wdm[i[dZ i[_d( F_j Z[h S[_j m_hZ ZWdd Z_[ ][iWcj[ LY^[_df[h'itdb_Y^a[_j WXd[^c[d kdZ m[d_][h m_Y^j_] m[hZ[d( "=_[i _ij _cpm[_j[d SkijWdZ Z[i =_W]hWcci ][p[_]j& _d Z[c Z_[ LY^[_df[h'itdb_Y^a[_j fWii_l kdZ Z_[ l_[b[d yBY^iz kc ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[S[djhkc ^[hkc Waj_l ][mehZ[d i_dZ(# L_[ atdd[d Z_[ LY^[_df[h'itdb_Y^a[_j d_Y^j _c L_dd[ led @heii[& me^b WX[h _c L_dd[ ledS[_j l[hh_d][hd(C[cWdZ WdZ[h[i iW]j[& yBY^ ^Wjj[ X_i `[jpj Z[d >_dZhkYa& Z_[

\WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[_ Z_[ :diWccbkd] Wbb Z[h l_[b[d 6BY^i8(=_[i[i =_W]hWcc ^Wj c_h Z_[ =_d][ [_d m[d_] kdl[hijsdZb_Y^][cWY^j(zNdj[h Z_[i[d l_[b[d yBY^iz ]_Xj [i l_[b[ fWii_l[ yBY^iz& Z_[ Z[h

:d\Wd] [_d[h WdZ[h[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[_d atdd[d( =_[ LY^[_d'f[hitdb_Y^a[_j aWdd i_Y^ d_Y^j [djm_Ya[bd5 i_[ _ij ltbb_] \WbiY^(=[im[][d iW]j[ _Y^& ZWii Wbb[ :hX[_j ][][d Z_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitd'b_Y^a[_j ][h_Y^j[j i[_d ckii( P[dd cWd a[_d[d >h\eb] ^Wj& b_[]jZWi ZWhWd& ZWii cWd Z[h \WbiY^[d I[hitdb_Y^a[_j d_Y^j ][dk]:k\c[haiWca[_j ][iY^[daj ^Wj& i_[ d_Y^j ijkZ_[hj& d_Y^j ][][d i_[][WhX[_j[j ^Wj( =_[ \WbiY^[ I[hitdb_Y^a[_j X[ij[^j Wki l_[b[dyBY^iz& kdZ i_[ i_dZ Wbb[ _cW]_dsh(yBY^ l[hij[^[ d_Y^j& mWi L_[ c_j fWii_l[d 6BY^i8 c[_d[d(zyBY^iz& Z_[ led [_d[c WdZ[h[d& Waj_l[d yBY^z X[^[hhiY^j

m[hZ[d( Skc ;[_if_[b m[hZ[d ]kj[ Oehisjp[ led Z[h ?Wkb^[_jX[^[hhiY^j( ?Wkb^[_j _ij Waj_l& ]kj[ Oehisjp[ i_dZ fWii_l( =WiyBY^z eZ[h Z_[ ^[hhiY^[dZ[ O[hX_dZkd] led yBY^iz _ij Waj_l( =_[

*"

yBY^iz& Z_[ X[^[hhiY^j eZ[h ][\u^hj m[hZ[d& i_dZ fWii_l( O[hij['^[d L_[ [i ]Wdp i_cf[b(=_[i[i =_W]hWcc ij[bbj [_d[d SkijWdZ ZWh& ZWdd [_d[d b[_Y^j

l[hiY^_[Z[d[d SkijWdZ kdZ deY^ [_d[d WdZ[h[d SkijWdZ( F_jA_b\[ Z_[i[i =_W]hWcci atdd[d L_[ Zh[_ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ SkijsdZ[Z[i F[diY^[d i[^[d& Wd][\Wd][d c_j Z[c [b[c[djWhij[d( Bc[b[c[djWhij[d SkijWdZ _ij Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j Waj_l& kdZyBY^z _ij fWii_l( Dthf[h& L[[b[ kdZ >ii[dp Xb[_X[d _cc[h d[kjhW'b_i_[h[dZ( P[dd dWY^ l_[b[d SkijsdZ[d ZWi f[hcWd[dj[ yBY^zaeccj& ZWdd m_hZ yBY^z Waj_l& l_[b[ yBY^iz m[hZ[d fWii_l& kdZZ_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j l[hiY^m_dZ[j( O_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ =_W']hWcc[ atdd[d pm_iY^[d Z_[i[d X[_Z[d >njh[c[d ][p[_Y^d[jm[hZ[d& kdZ deY^ ZWhuX[h ^_dWki ]_Xj [i l[hiY^_[Z[d[ Ft]b_Y^'a[_j[d("Hkif[diao mkhZ[ ][\hW]j& eX [i [_d[d Hhj _d Z[h ijWj_iY^[d

Mh_WZ[ ]sX[& Wd Z[c [_d[ @hkff[ led c_j Z[c cW]d[j_iY^[dS[djhkc d_Y^j l[hXkdZ[d[d yBY^iz Waj_l kdZ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitd'b_Y^a[_j fWii_l i[_( >h Wdjmehj[j[& ZWii [h& Wbi [h iW]j[& ][m_ii[@hkff[d led yBY^iz eZ[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j[d muhZ[d Waj_l& `[d[c[_dj[& Z_[ kc ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc p[djh_[hj i_dZ(# Sk[hijij[^[d ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc kdZ ZWdd `[d[ yBY^iz& Z_[ i_Y^kc ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc ]hkff_[h[d& Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j [dj][][d( Bd [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d :k][dXb_Ya m_hZ ZWdd ZWicW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc Waj_l kdZ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j fWii_l(=Wi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc _ij [_d[ O[hX_dZkd] led ][m_ii[d@hkff[d led Bdj[h[ii[d( =Wi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc \u^hj L_[d_Y^j& Z[dd ?u^h[d muhZ[ ?ehjiY^h[_j[d X[Z[kj[d& kdZ L_[ Xb[_'X[d Wc i[bX[d Hhj( :X[h m[dd Z_[ =_d][ [_djh[j[d& ZWdd m[hZ[dL_[ c_j A_b\[ Z[i cW]d[j_iY^[d S[djhkci \s^_] i[_d& pk i[^[d&mWi mWi _ij& eZ[h eX L_[ Wd [_d[h LWY^[ _dj[h[ii_[hj i_dZ eZ[hd_Y^j( L_[ atdd[d [_d[ PW^b jh[\\[d( ;[leh cWd pkh :hX[_jaeccj& ^Wj ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d Ikdaj[hh[_Y^j& Z[h [i _d [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ @hkff[ led Bdj[h[ii[d l[h'mWdZ[bj( P[dd cWd pkh :hX[_j aeccj& \_dZ[j [i Bdj[h[ii[ Wd Z[hLY^kbWhX[_j kdZ l[hiY^m_dZ[j ZWdd Wbi cW]d[j_iY^[i S[djhkc&Z[dd ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc _ij [_d[ iY^mWY^[ :d][b[][d^[_j(

*#

=_[i[i =_W]hWcc iebb ZWpk Z_[d[d& Z_[ :d\Wd]iijWZ_[d Z[h:hX[_j pk X[iY^h[_X[d& kdZ ZW^[h ^WX[ _Y^ i[^h m[d_][ Z[hO[hX_dZkd][d ^_d[_d][b[]j& Z_[ ][p[_]j m[hZ[d atddj[d( Skc;[_if_[b ^WX[d m_h _c [hij[d =h[_[Ya [_d[ Mh_WZ[& Z_[ WkiDthf[h& L[[b[ kdZ >ii[dp "7#& LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j "%# kdZyBY^iz "'# pkiWcc[d][i[jpj _ij( P[dd cWd dkd Wdd_ccj& ZWiiZ_[i[ yBY^iz X[h[_ji _d X[ij_ccj[ @hkff[d kdj[hj[_bj i_dZ& ZWdd_ij [_d[ Z_[i[h @hkff[d ZWi cW]d[j_iY^[ S[djhkc( =Wdd ]_Xj [iWdZ[h[ @hkff[d& Z[c cW]d[j_iY^[d S[djhkc l_[bb[_Y^j d_Y^jWd][iY^beii[d& WX[h _^c Z[ddeY^ d_Y^j \[_dZb_Y^& Z_[ [n_ij_[h[dkdZ i_Y^ c_j Z[h S[_j pk [jmWi ;[ii[h[c [djm_Ya[bd atdd[d( =_[@hkff[d led yBY^iz& Z_[ _cc[h \[_dZb_Y^ kdZ _cc[h iY^sZb_Y^i_dZ& i_dZ Z_[ LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j i[bXij("C[cWdZ \hW]j[& eX Z[h PWdZ[b led [_d[h ?ehc Z[h Mh_WZ[ pk

[_d[h WdZ[h[d led [_d[h P[i[disdZ[hkd] WX^sd][(#CW& `[Z[ ab[_d[ qdZ[hkd] _ij [_d[ P[i[disdZ[hkd]& eXiY^ed

Z_[i[h :kiZhkYa _c Wbb][c[_d[d Wk\ ]htii[h[& [hdij[h[ qdZ[hkd'][d Wd][mWdZj m_hZ( P[dd m_h led P[i[disdZ[hkd] h[Z[d&ifh[Y^[d m_h pkc ;[_if_[b lec PWdZ[b Z[h F[diY^[d Gh( b& ,kdZ - pk F[diY^ Gh( .( =_[i _ij P[i[disdZ[hkd]& WX[h dWjuhb_Y^X[ij[^j Z_[i[h ]heii[ Lfhkd] Wki l_[b[d ab[_d[d Lfhud][d( =_[ijWj_iY^[ Mh_WZ[ ij[bbj L_[ ZWh( L_[ p[_]j Z[d >RPQ?LB B^h[iP[i[di& mWi L_[ _d [_d[c ][][X[d[d :k][dXb_Ya i_dZ( >_d[hZ_[i[h Ikdaj[& Dthf[h kdZ >ii[dp& Xb[_Xj _cc[h Z[hi[bX[& WX[hZ_[ ;[p_[^kd] Z[h WdZ[h[d pm[_ Ikdaj[ sdZ[hj i_Y^( P[ddDthf[h kdZ >ii[dp dehcWb i_dZ& i_dZ i_[ kdfWhj[__iY^ kdZ [h]h[_'\[d d_Y^j Z_[ [_d[ eZ[h Z_[ WdZ[h[ IWhj[_& WX[h m[dd [jmWi c_j_^d[d d_Y^j ij_ccj& ij[^[d i_[ Wk\ Z[h L[_j[ Z[h LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^'a[_j(

P[dd L_[ _d [_d[c SkijWdZ Z[i Sm[_\[bi i_dZ& Z[da[d L_[ ZWhWd&[i pk l[hikY^[d& kdZ Xh_d][d L_[ WdZ[h[ yBY^iz Wk\& Z_[ [_d[][m_ii[ P[hjiY^sjpkd] ^WX[d( =_[i _ij Z_[ [_dp_][ :hj& Sm[_\[b

*$

pk X[pm_d][d( Nc i_Y^ pk [djm_Ya[bd& cuii[d L_[ [_d[ X[ij_cc'j[ ?s^_]a[_j pkh P[hjiY^sjpkd] ^WX[d( =[h [_dp_] fhWaj_iY^[Sk]Wd] X[ij[^j ZWh_d& Wd B^h[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[d L[_j[d pk Z[da[dkdZ ZWX[_ Z_[ L[_j[d& Z_[ WhX[_j[d atdd[d& kdZ `[d[& Z_[ ZWid_Y^j atdd[d& pk [djZ[Ya[d( >_d_][ E[kj[ ^WX[d m_hab_Y^[ P[h'j[& [_d_][ ^WX[d \WbiY^[ P[hj[& kdZ [_d_][ ^WX[d uX[h^Wkfja[_d[ P[hj[( F_j Z[d l[hiY^_[Z[d[d yBY^iz _ij [i ZWii[bX[5 [_d_][iY^sjp[d mW^h[ =_d][& WdZ[h[ ?WbiY^[i& kdZ WdZ[h[ iY^sjp[dd_Y^ji(FWd aWdd i[_d E[X[d ZWc_j l[hXh_d][d& Loij[c[ kdZ Loij[c'

X[]h_\\[ pk ijkZ_[h[d kdZ d_[cWbi pk mW^h[d =_d][d pk ][bWd][d(=h[_l_[hj[b eZ[h G[kdp[^dj[b kdi[h[i ][mt^db_Y^[d P_ii[di[n_ij_[hj d_Y^j m_hab_Y^5 [i X[ij[^j dkh _d Z[h >_dX_bZkd](>ha[dd[d Z[i LY^bW\i _ij ZWi [_dp_] PW^h[( FWd ckii P[][

[djZ[Ya[d& m_[ cWd [hmWY^[d aWdd& WX[h pkleh ckii cWd[ha[dd[d& ZWii cWd iY^bs\j( O[h]b[_Y^[d L_[ LY^bW\ kdZ PWY^[d(:bb[ BZ[[d Z[h :hX[_j X[]_dd[d c_j Z[h BZ[[ Z[i LY^bW\i kdZ Z[hFt]b_Y^a[_j Z[i >hmWY^[di( :bb[ WdZ[h[d BZ[[d ' BZ[[d WkiZ[c E[X[d ' ct][d ][_ijh[_Y^ eZ[h ZkhY^ZWY^j i[_d& WX[h i_[Wbb[ i_dZ BZ[[d led iY^bW\[dZ[d F[diY^[d& ^[hleh][XhWY^j \uhWdZ[h[ iY^bW\[dZ[ F[diY^[d( LY^bW\ _ij ZWi >h][Xd_i l_[b[h =_d'][4 M[_bkd] Z[h I[hitdb_Y^a[_j[d& l[hiY^_[Z[d[ yBY^iz& P_Z[h'ifhuY^[ kdZ ie m[_j[h( :X[h ZWi [hij[ kdZ m_Y^j_]ij[ led Wbb[c&]Wdp h[_d e^d[ _h][dZm[bY^[ M^[eh_[& _ij ZWi ,OICLLCL BCP

9AFJ?DP#

*%

/ECAIPEGGA

,GLC >RP?KKCLPQCJJRLE SML XRPPCORLECL 6RPNCLPIVP!

F?RNQPZAFJGAF \@CO BGC 5MQTCLBGEICGQ CGLCO ;LQCOTCODRLE BCP

,GECLTGJJCLP ?JP <MO@COCGQRLE D\O B?P =?AFPCL BCP =GJJCLP

*&

&138135

=[h \eb][dZ[ M[nj mkhZ[ Wki :djmehj[d Wk\ ?hW][d Wdbsiib_Y^Z[h Mh[\\[d pkiWcc[d][ij[bbj& Z_[ I(=( Hkif[diao _d EedZedkdZ G[m Reha pm_iY^[d +3-/ kdZ +3.. ^_[bj(HXiY^ed ZWi FWj[h_Wb d_Y^j Y^hedebe]_iY^ Wd][ehZd[j _ij&

mkhZ[ ieh]\sbj_] ZWhWk\ ][WY^j[j& Z[d L_dd a[_d[h Z[h :djmehj[dHkif[diaoi [jmW ZWZkhY^ pk l[h\sbiY^[d& ZWii i_[ d[X[d WdZ[h[:djmehj[d ][ij[bbj mkhZ[d& Z_[ pk [_d[h WdZ[h[d @[ZWda[da[jj[][^th[d( >i mkhZ[ [X[d\Wbbi ZWhWk\ ][WY^j[j& Z_[ :Xi_Y^j Z[h:djmehj[d d_Y^j ZkhY^ uX[hjh_[X[d[i Duhp[d Z[i Dedj[nji& Z[ci_[ [djdecc[d i_dZ& pk X[[_djhsY^j_][d( :ki Z_[i[c @hkdZm[hZ[d [_d_][ Z[h AWkfj][ZWda[d uX[h Z[d DWcf\ c_j Z[c>_][dm_bb[d _c M[nj c[^hcWbi c_j X[_dW^[ Z[di[bX[d Pehj[dm_[Z[h^ebj(

,GECLTGJJC _ij \uh F[diY^[d X[ij_ccj& Z_[ c_j Z[c Loij[c&ZWi Hkif[diao b[^hj[& kdZ i[_d[h X[iedZ[h[d M[hc_debe]_[ l[h'jhWkj i_dZ( Loij[c kdZ LfhWY^[ X[iY^h[_Xj I( =( Hkif[diao _d<MK GLLCOCL =?AFPQRK BCP 4CLPAFCL kdZ (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF

BCK =RLBCO@?OCL#

*'

2ID=GM

+?P 9CGL ZLBCOL " +GC LMQTCLBGEC )CBGLERLE " <COPQCFCL! (O@CGQ ?L

.CD\FJC RLB =GJJCL " =GJJCL ?RDEC@CL! TCGJ TGO ICGLCL =GJJCL F?@CL "

(RECL@JGAIC SML =GJJCL " =GC K?L \@CO =GJJCL BCLICL PMJJ " +CO 4CLPAF

I?LL LGAFQ QRL " +?P .CPCQW BCP >RD?JJP " (JJCP ECPAFGCFQ " XLBCORLE LRO

K[EJGAF KGQ /GJDC BCP 9VPQCKP RLB OGAFQGECO 0LPQORKCLQC " :RL @CEGLLQ KGQ

LGAFQ QRL " =GO K\PPCL KGQ BCK >GCJ @CEGLLCL " 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL LRQWJMP

MFLC >GCJ " ,GECLTGJJC RLB ,GECLPGLL KGQ =GJJCL SCOTCAFPCJQ " 1CBCP ^0AF_

F?Q PCGLCL CGECLCL =GJJCL " =GJJC GPQ B?P ,OEC@LGP SML =\LPAFCL " 4GQ BCO

(O@CGQ BCK ,GECLTGJJCL TGBCOPQCFCL " =GC +GLEC ECPAFCFCL% >RD?JJ! ;OP?AFC

RLB =GOIRLE! 9AFGAIP?J! =GJJC " 2?KND KRPP TGJJCLQJGAF RLB SMOPZQWJGAF

ECPAFCFCL " +GC (LPZQWC SML =GJJCL @CLRQWCL! RK BCL =GJJCL T?AFPCL WR

J?PPCL " +?P -COLWGCJ " 9AFTZAFC RLB 9QZOIC " 5MQTCLBGEICGQ MOE?LGPGCOQCO

(O@CGQ " +OCG 3GLGCL BCO (O@CGQ GK 4CLPAFCL " )CSMO TGO GOECLBCQT?P

ZLBCOL I[LLCL! K\PPCL TGO CKMQGML?J SCOPQCFCL! B?PP ?JJCP ECPAFGCFQ! RLB

TGO K\PPCL \@CO RLPCOC 2OZDQC FGL?RP ?O@CGQCL " =GO I[LLCL ICGLC ,LQ"

PAFJ\PPC D?PPCL! ?@CO TCLL TGO FCO?RPDGLBCL! TGC TGO OCECJK?PPGEC (LPQOCL"

ERLECL K?AFCL! RLB TGC TGO OGAFQGE BCLICL I[LLCL! TCOBCL TGO RLP PCJ@PQ WR

PCFCL @CEGLLCL " ;LQCOPAFGCB WTGPAFCL BCK =GJJCL ECT[FLJGAFCO 4CLPAFCL

RLB =GJJCL! BCO ?RD =GPPCL! )CTRPPQPCGL RLB NCOK?LCLQCK ^0AF_ @CORFQ "

-CPQJCERLE RLB +CDGLGQGML BCP >GCJP " >GCJ LZFCO FCO?L@OGLECL " =?P GPQ CGL

ERQCP >GCJ' " >GCJ KRPP NO?IQGPAF RLB LGAFQ WR CLQDCOLQ PCGL " =GO K\PPCL

TGPPCL! T?P TGO TMJJCL RLB CP GL BCO OGAFQGECL 8CGFCLDMJEC TMJJCL " +?P COPQC

>GCJ GPQ! PGAF PCJ@PQ WR PCFCL " <ML BCO 5MQTCLBGEICGQ ?K 9CGL WR ?O@CGQCL "

3COLCL! KCFO ?JP CGL >CLQORK WR @CFCOOPAFCL " 2?KND ECECL ,GECLTGJJCL!

GLBCK K?L ?L BGC (O@CGQ BCLIQ " )CPAFOCG@RLE BCP ECT[FLJGAFCL =GJJCLP "

9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL @CBCRQCQ (RECL@JGAIC BCP =GJJCLP " =GJJC RLB -OCGFCGQ " =?P

=GJJCL ?RDEC@CL @CBCRQCQ " ,LQTGAIJRLE I?LL LGAFQ KCAF?LGPAF PCGL " 5GAFQP

I?LL ECEC@CL TCOBCL " -\O ?JJCP KRPP @CW?FJQ TCOBCL " ;=L TMJJCL TGO RLB

P=L I[LLCL TGO @CW?FJCL' " 4MO?JGPAFCP /?LBCJL#

!

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi E[X[d _ij d_Y^j bWd] ][dk]& kc kdi[h L[_d pksdZ[hd& m[dd m_h ZWhWd ie WhX[_j[d m_[ Wd Wbb[c WdZ[h[d _cE[X[d( >i aWdd dkh [jmWi [hh[_Y^j m[hZ[d& m[dd cWd [_d[f[h\[aj[h[ F[j^eZ[ Wdm[dZ[j( =_[ [hij[ ;[Z_d]kd] _ij O[hij['^[d( =[h ][iWcj[ K[ij [djifh_Y^j Z[c O[hij[^[d( >i ckii WkY^:dijh[d]kd][d _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j @[\u^b[d kdZ P_bb[d ][X[d(FWd ckii _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& ][][d i_Y^ Wdpk][^[d& kc i[_d[dP_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d(Sk[hij cuii[d L_[ i_Y^ \hW][d4 PWi _ij P_bb[9 P_h ^WX[d

a[_d[d P_bb[d& m_[ iebb[d m_h Wbie Wk\][X[d& mWi m_h d_Y^j^WX[d9 =_[i X[Z[kj[j& ZWii L_[ d_[ pkij_cc[d& a[_d[d P_bb[d pk^WX[d5 L_[ ij_cc[d dkh _d Pehj[d pk( Sm[_j[di ^WX[d m_h d_Y^j_cc[h P_bb[d& iedZ[hd dkh p[_jm[_i[( P_bb[ X[Z[kj[j [_d ijWha[iO[hbWd][d( H^d[ [_d ijWha[i O[hbWd][d ]_Xj [i d_Y^ji Wk\pk]['X[d5 [i ]_Xj a[_d[d P_bb[d( Bd [_d[c WdZ[h[d :k][dXb_Ya ^WX[dm_h [_d ijWha[i O[hbWd][d& ZWi ][][d Z_[ :hX[_j ][h_Y^j[j _ij& kdZm[dd m_h [i ijeff[d& ^[_iij ZWi& ZWii m_h P_bb[d Wk\][X[d( P_hatdd[d P_bb[d d_Y^j _d `[Z[c :k][dXb_Ya Wk\][X[d iedZ[hd dkh_d X[iedZ[h[d Fec[dj[d( NdZ mWi ^[_iij y][][d Z_[ :hX[_j][h_Y^j[jz9 >i ^[_iij& ][][d K[][bd kdZ Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h :hX[_j][h_Y^j[j i[_d eZ[h ][][d [jmWi& ZWi cWd L_[ f[hitdb_Y^ pk jkdeZ[h d_Y^j pk jkd Wk\][\ehZ[hj ^Wj( >i ]_Xj X[ij_ccj[ ][d[h[bb[K[][bd kdZ Ih_dp_f_[d& kdZ [i aWdd f[hitdb_Y^[ ;[Z_d]kd][d \uhl[hiY^_[Z[d[ E[kj[ ][X[d(

-O?EC# Lebbj[ cWd kc m[_j[h[ f[hitdb_Y^[ :dm[_ikd][d\hW][d9

6RPNCLPIV# CW& WX[h m[dd cWd \hW]j& ckii cWd ][^ehY^[d(FWd _ij d_Y^j l[hf\b_Y^j[j& _h][dZ[jmWi pk jkd& m[dd cWd d_Y^j\hW]j& Wbie ckii cWd [i i_Y^ pm[_cWb uX[hb[][d& X[leh cWd \hW]j(

-O?EC# P[dd cWd X[h[_j _ij pk ][^ehY^[d& m[hZ[d L_[ :dm[_'ikd][d ][X[d9

6RPNCLPIV# P[dd i_Y^ Z_[ @[b[][d^[_j X_[j[j( >i ckii _d[_d[c :k][dXb_Ya ][iY^[^[d& m[dd L_[ P_bb[d ^WX[d( >i ckii[_d [djiY^_[Z[d[i O[hbWd][d ZW i[_d& [jmWi pk jkd& ZWi Z_[:hX[_j eZ[h WdZ[h[ E[kj[ X[hu^hj( @[mt^db_Y^ ^WX[d m_hiY^b[Y^j[d P_bb[d( P_h ^WX[d i[^h i[bj[d ]kj[d P_bb[d( P[dd L_[

**

]kj[d P_bb[d ^WX[d& ifh[Y^[ _Y^ d_Y^j ZWhuX[h5 _Y^ iW][ [_d\WY^&cWY^[d L_[ m[_j[h& \W^h[d L_[ \ehj& b[hd[d L_[(A_[h i_dZ l_[b[ =_d][ c_j[_dWdZ[h l[hc_iY^j( L_[ m_ii[d d_Y^j&

m_[ L_[ uX[h P_bb[d Z[da[d iebb[d( F_j [_d[h B^h[h L[_j[d [ha[d'd[d L_[& ZWii L_[ FWiY^_d[d i_dZ& WX[h ]b[_Y^p[_j_] mebb[d L_[][csii B^h[h [_][d[d F[_dkd] ^WdZ[bd( Bd Z_[i[c :k][dXb_Yacuii[d L_[ _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& pk ijeff[d5 d_Y^j pk jkd& mWi L_[mebb[d( =_[i ]_bj d_Y^j \uh :k][dXb_Ya[& _d Z[d[d L_[ d_Y^jX[WXi_Y^j_][d& _h][dZ[jmWi pk jkd& WX[h L_[ cuii[d \s^_] i[_d pkijeff[d& m[dd B^h PkdiY^ ][][d K[][bd eZ[h Ih_dp_f_[d ][^j&eZ[h ][][d ZWi& mWi B^d[d ][iW]j mkhZ[(>i _ij m_Y^j_]& pm[_[hb[_ pk [ha[dd[d4 =Wii m_h d_Y^j 6jkd8

atdd[d kdZ ZWii m_h kdj[h Z[c @[i[jp Z[i Sk\Wbbi b[X[d( Bd Z[dc[_ij[d ?sbb[d Z[da[d Z_[ E[kj[& jkd pk atdd[d& ZWii i_[ X['aecc[d atdd[d& mWi i_[ mebb[d& kdZ ZWii [i dkh pk\sbb_] d_Y^j][b_d]j( =_[ E[kj[ ]bWkX[d& ZWii Sk\Wbb i[^h i[bj[d kdZ ZWic[_ij[ Wk\ NhiWY^[ kdZ P_hakd] pkhuYapk\u^h[d _ij( =Wi _ijltbb_] \WbiY^( >i _ij dejm[dZ_]& Wk\ Z_[ h_Y^j_][ :hj Z[da[d pkb[hd[d& ZWdd m[hZ[d m_h i[^[d& ZWii Wbb[i ECPAFGCFQ! kdZ ZWii m_hkdj[h Z[c @[i[jp Z[i Sk\Wbbi b[X[d(Bd X[pk] Wk\ 6Mkd8 _ij [i \uh kdi iY^m[h pk [ha[dd[d& ZWii [i

pkc ;[_if_[b d_Y^j jkd _ij& m[dd E[kj[ [_d[ ;huYa[ XWk[d5 [i _ijdkh ZWi >h][Xd_i Wbb[h leh^[h][]Wd][d[d :dijh[d]kd][d( >i _ijpk\sbb_]( Nc Z_[i pk l[hij[^[d& cuii[d L_[ Wd Z_[ [hij[ ;huYa[Z[da[d& Z_[ :ZWc XWkj[& kdZ Wd Z_[ ][iWcj[ >lebkj_ed Z[h;huYa[d( Sk[hij _ij [i pk\sbb_] ' [_d ;Wkc \sbbj gk[h uX[h [_d[d?bkii& ZWdd XWkj Z[h F[diY^ [jmWi s^db_Y^[i kdZ ie m[_j[h( =_[E[kj[ 6jkd8 d_Y^j5 [_d[i \eb]j Wki Z[c WdZ[h[d(P[dd L_[ i_Y^ [h_dd[hd& ZWii L_[ LGAFQP QRL atdd[d& m[hZ[d

L_[ i_Y^ l_[b[h WdZ[h[h =_d][ [h_dd[hd( @[mt^db_Y^ ]_Xj [i Zh[_eZ[h l_[h AWkfjijebf[hij[_d[& kdZ m[dd L_[ d_Y^j uX[h Z[d [_d[d\Wbb[d& \Wbb[d L_[ uX[h Z[d WdZ[h[d( Sk 6jkd8 _ij [_d[h led _^d[d(Bd O[hX_dZkd] ^_[hc_j ]_Xj [i [_d_][ ]hkdZb[][dZ[ Ih_dp_f_[d&Z_[ L_[ d_[cWbi l[h][ii[d Zuh\[d( =Wii L_[ pkc ;[_if_[b Wk\ i_Y^i[bXij iY^Wk[d cuii[d kdZ d_Y^j Wk\ WdZ[h[ E[kj[5 ZWii E[kj[d_Y^ji Wki i_Y^ i[bXij jkd atdd[d& iedZ[hd ZWii ' m[dd [i

"!!

ct]b_Y^ _ij& i_Y^ pk sdZ[hd ' [i dkh c_j Z[h A_b\[ Z[i Loij[ci&Z[h Hh]Wd_iWj_ed& f[hitdb_Y^[h :hX[_j kdZ [_d[i LjkZ_kci Z[iLoij[ci ct]b_Y^ _ij( L_[ cuii[d Z[hWhj_][ =_d][ [djZ[Ya[d kdZi_Y^ _^h[h [h_dd[hd(

-O?EC# P_[ aWdd cWd i_Y^[h i[_d& ZWii cWd i_Y^ _^h[h [h_d'd[hj9

6RPNCLPIV# Lj[bb[d L_[ i_Y^ leh& m_[ L_[ c_j Z[h :Xi_Y^j [jmWipk jkd& pk fbWd[d X[]_dd[d( Gkh m[dd L_[ [jmWi Wk\ [_d[ ?LBCOC

:hj& Wbi [i ][mt^db_Y^ ECPAFGCFQ! m_hab_Y^ pk jkd l[hikY^[d&[ha[dd[d L_[& ZWii [i ?@PMJRQ RLK[EJGAF GPQ! ?LBCOP WR F?LBCJL#

=_[ Asb\j[ Z[h ][ij[bbj[d ?hW][d X[p_[^j i_Y^ Wk\ 6jkd8 ' m_[ cWdZ_[i sdZ[hd& ZWi p[hijth[d& `[d[i l[hc[_Z[d aWdd kdZ ie m[_j[h(:X[h [i X[ZWh\ [_d[h ][mWbj_][d :dijh[d]kd]& kc WkY^ dkh [_d[Db[_d_]a[_j pk sdZ[hd( ;[leh L_[ [i d_Y^j l[hikY^[d& atdd[d L_[[i uX[h^Wkfj d_Y^j [ha[dd[d( L_[ atdd[d d_Y^ji sdZ[hd& Wkii[hZkhY^ ZWi Loij[c( =Wi m_hZ ][mt^db_Y^ l[h][ii[d(:bb[i ][iY^_[^j( FWd aWdd d_Y^ji jkd( Oec :k][dXb_Ya kdi['

h[h @[Xkhj X_i pkh S[_j& ZW m_h ij[hX[d& ][iY^[^[d =_d][&][iY^[^[d& ][iY^[^[d& kdZ m_h ]bWkX[d pk 6jkd8( =_[i _ij kdi[h][mt^db_Y^[h& dehcWb[h SkijWdZ _c E[X[d& kdZ WkY^ dkh Z_[ab[_dij[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j& [jmWi pk 6jkd8& aeccj Wbb[_d ZkhY^ Z_[:hX[_j kdZ pk[hij dkh _d kdi i[bXij& d_Y^j skii[hb_Y^( Le]Wh _d kdii[bXij X[]_ddj 6jkd8 i[^h e\j c_j LGAFQ jkd( ;[leh L_[ [jmWi jkdatdd[d& ZWi L_[ d_Y^j jkd aeddj[d& cuii[d L_[ l_[b[ =_d][ LGAFQ

QRL! Z_[ L_[ pkleh jWj[d(-O?EC# AWj cWd cWdY^cWb [_d[ PW^b pm_iY^[d pm[_ ct]b_'

Y^[d >h[_]d_ii[d96RPNCLPIV# Gkh _d i[^h ab[_d[d =_d][d& kdZ ie]Wh ZWdd&

m[dd L_[ c[ha[d& ZWii Z_[ =_d][ Wk\ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj bWk\[dkdZ i_Y^ [djiY^b_[ii[d& i_[ pk sdZ[hd& m[hZ[d L_[ [djZ[Ya[d& m_[iY^h[Yab_Y^ kdX[gk[c [i _ij& =_d][ pk sdZ[hd( Le a[^h[d L_[ pkZ[di[bX[d =_d][d pkhuYa(

-O?EC# P[dd cWd m_hab_Y^ pk l[hij[^[d X[]_ddj& ZWii cWdd_Y^j 6jkd8 aWdd& m_hZ cWd [_d[ ]heii[ F[d][ Fkj X[dtj_][d(P_hZ [h ZWhWki [djij[^[d& ZWii cWd i_Y^ led Z[h LY^[_df[hitd'b_Y^a[_j X[\h[_j9

"!"

6RPNCLPIV# Sk Z_[i[c O[hij[^[d ][bWd]j cWd d_Y^j ie [_d'\WY^( >i aeccj dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j Z[h :hX[_j Wd i_Y^ i[bXij& ieZWii cWd& m[dd cWd pk Z_[i[h >ha[ddjd_i ][bWd]j& Wkii[hZ[cl_[b[ WdZ[h[ >ha[ddjd_ii[ ^Wj5 _d Z[h AWkfjiWY^[& ZWii [i P[][]_Xj& i_Y^ pk sdZ[hd& m[dd cWd ZWi h_Y^j_][ Bdijhkc[dj Wch_Y^j_][d Hhj kdZ pkh h_Y^j_][d S[_j Wdm[dZ[j( FWd ckii Z_[i[Bdijhkc[dj[ ^WX[d& kdZ i_[ m[hZ[d m_[Z[hkc dkh ZkhY^ Z_[:hX[_j ][][X[d( >i _ij PCFO m_Y^j_]& pk Z_[i[h >ha[ddjd_i pk][bWd][d( H^d[ i_[ m_hZ cWd d_Y^j Z_[ h_Y^j_][d =_d][ jkd5 cWdm_hZ i_Y^ i[bXij [djiY^kbZ_][d(

-O?EC# BY^ l[hij[^[ d_Y^j& mWhkc cWd i_Y^ [djiY^kbZ_][diebbj[(

6RPNCLPIV# FWd ctY^j[ Z_[ Oehij[bbkd] d_Y^j Wk\][X[d& 6jkd8pk atdd[d& ie ZWii cWd& ie]Wh m[dd cWd [ha[ddj& ZWii Z_[=_d][ [_d\WY^ ][iY^[^[d& >djiY^kbZ_]kd][d \_dZ[j& m_[& y=Wi _ij([_d Sk\Wbb& WX[h ceh][d m_hZ [i WdZ[hi i[_dz( =[i^WbX atdd[dm_h Z_[i[ BZ[[ d_Y^j kci[jp[d( Ndi[h ]Wdp[i E[X[d i[^[d m_h&m_[ =_d][ ][iY^[^[d& WX[h m_h [habsh[d i_[ m[_j[h^_d Wbi Sk\sbb[&Wbi :kidW^c[d Z[h K[][b& ZWii m_h 6jkd8 atdd[d( >djm[Z[hl[h][ii[d m_h [i eZ[h i[^[d [i d_Y^j eZ[h i_dZ d_Y^j Wk\c[haiWc][dk]( P_h ]bWkX[d _cc[h& ZWii m_h `[Z[d :k][dXb_Ya pk 6jkd8X[]_dd[d atdd[d( Le Z[da[d m_h ][mt^db_Y^ ZWhuX[h( P[dd L_[_d B^h[c E[X[d [_d[ S[_j mW^hd[^c[d& _d Z[h L_[ [jmWi pk jkdl[hikY^j[d kdZ [i c_iibWd]& ie m_hZ ZWi [_d ;[_if_[b i[_d& Z[ddL_[ m[hZ[d [djZ[Ya[d& ZWii L_[ B^h[d ?[^biY^bW] Wbi [_d[d Sk\Wbb&[_d[ :kidW^c[ [habsh[d( P[dd =_d][ i_Y^ m_[Z[h^eb[d& Z[da[dL_[ m_[Z[h& L_[ m[hZ[d pk 6jkd8 _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& kdZ m[dd L_[Z_[i m_[Z[h i[^[d& m[hZ[d L_[ B^h[d ?[^biY^bW] m_[Z[hkc Wbi dkhpk\sbb_] [habsh[d( >i _ij i[^h dujpb_Y^& B^h E[X[d kdj[h Z_[i[c@[i_Y^jifkdaj ZkhY^pk][^[d( L_[ X[WXi_Y^j_][d [_d[ LWY^[& kdZ[jmWi WdZ[h[i ][iY^W^( P[dd L_[ m_hab_Y^ [hdij^W\j i_dZ& m[hZ[dL_[ i[^[d5 m[dd Z[c d_Y^j ie _ij& m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ i[bXij uX[hh['Z[d& ZWii ZWi& mWi ][iY^W^& ][dWk ZWi mWh& mWi L_[ mebbj[d

6RPNCLPIV# L_[ cuii[d c_j [_d[h aedah[j[d BZ[[ X[]_dd[d(O[hikY^[d L_[ ^[hWkipk\_dZ[d& mWi L_[ m_hab_Y^ ZWled WX^sbj& _d

"!#

Z[h :hX[_j Waj_l pk i[_d( >i _ij dejm[dZ_]& _d Z[h :hX[_j Waj_l pki[_d5 cWd aWdd d_Y^ji [hh[_Y^[d& m[dd cWd fWii_l _ij(=Wdd l[h][ii[d m_h Z[d :d\Wd]& me kdZ mWhkc m_h X[]Wdd[d&

kdZ Z_[ c[_ij[ S[_j Z[da[d m_h d_Y^j [_dcWb Wd ZWi >GCJ! iedZ[hddkh Wd ab[_d[ >_dp[b^[_j[d( D[_d[ >_dp[b^[_j[d i_dZ e^d[ ZWi S_[bled _h][dZm[bY^[c Gkjp[d( L[bXij'>h_dd[hd _ij dkjpbei e^d[>h_dd[hd Z[h S_[b[ _d Z[h :hX[_j kdZ Z[i khifhud]b_Y^[d& ]hkdZb['][dZ[d S_[bi( P[dd Z_[i[ S_[b[ d_Y^j [cej_edWb [h_dd[hj m[hZ[d&atdd[d CW^h[ l[h][^[d& kdZ cWd m_hZ _c i[bX[d SkijWdZ Xb[_X[d(>i h[_Y^j d_Y^j Wki& Z[d O[hijWdZ pk [hp_[^[d5 [i _ij dejm[dZ_]&Z[d P_bb[d pk [hp_[^[d( L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& mWi kdi[h P_bb[ _ij(Oed S[_j pk S[_j ^WX[d m_h P_bb[d( P_bb[ _ij ZWi >h][Xd_i ledO[hbWd][d( Bd Z[c :k][dXb_Ya& _d Z[c m_h [_d ijWha[i O[hbWd][d^WX[d& ]_Xj [i P_bb[d( Bd Z_[i[c :k][dXb_Ya cuii[d m_h kdi[h[dP_bb[d ijkZ_[h[d kdZ i[^[d& mWi ][jWd m[hZ[d aWdd( P_h ^WX[da[_d[d P_bb[d& iedZ[hd >_][dm_bb[d kdZ >_][di_dd( P[dd cWdZWi l[hij[^j& ckii cWd ckj_] ][dk] i[_d& i[_d[d P_bb[d Wk\pk]['X[d& Wk\ ZWi pk WY^j[d& mWi ][iW]j mkhZ[( L_[ cuii[d dWY^ Z_[i[d:k][dXb_Ya[d :kiiY^Wk ^Wbj[d kdZ Zuh\[d i_[ d_Y^j l[hiskc[d(BY^ c[_d[ d_Y^j& i_[ audijb_Y^ pk [hp[k][d& eXme^b _d [_d[c AWki"ZWi ][csii :hX[_jifh_dp_f_[d eh]Wd_i_[hj _ij# X[ij_ccj[ Ft]b_Y^'a[_j[d ][][X[d i_dZ& kc i[_d[d P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d& ie ZWii L_[&m[dd L_[ B^h[d P_bb[d Wk\][X[d& ifsj[h B^h[d [_][d[d P_bb[d^WX[d atdd[d( :X[h ie]Wh E[kj[& Z_[ d_Y^j _d Z[c AWki i_dZ&atdd[d i_Y^& m[dd i_[ i_Y^ X[eXWY^j[d kdZ ieh]\sbj_] i_dZ& _diebY^[d :k][dXb_Ya[d uX[hhWiY^[d kdZ i_Y^ \hW][d& mWi i_[ jkdiebb[d( C[Z[h ckii ^[hWki\_dZ[d& m_[ i[_d[ [_][d[ L_jkWj_edX[iY^W\\[d _ij(

-O?EC# P_[ iebbj[d m_h uX[h kdi[h[ Nd\s^_]a[_j pk 6jkd8 _dX[pk] Wk\ O[hWdjmehjb_Y^a[_j Z[da[d9

6RPNCLPIV# >i m[hZ[d _^d[d X[ij_ccj[& ][dWk kch_ii[d[:k\]WX[d ][][X[d& =_d][& Z_[ pk jkd i_dZ( P[dd L_[ b[hd[d& i_Y^B^h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd& ie]Wh dkh [_d m[d_]& m[hZ[d L_[ [djZ[a'a[d& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ _d X[pk] Wk\ Wbb[i WdZ[h[ _d [_d[h X[ii[h[d:ki]Wd]ibW][ X[\_dZ[d(

-O?EC# Lj[bbj ZWi Loij[c deY^ _h][dZ[_d[ WdZ[h[ M^[i[ uX[h

"!$

Z_[ P_bb[diahW\j Wk\ Wkii[h Z[h& ZWii i_[ ZkhY^ :dm[dZ[d msY^ijkdZ ZkhY^ G_Y^j][XhWkY^ ZW^_diY^m_dZ[j9

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi Loij[c [habshj& ZWii L_[ l_[b[ yBY^iz ^WX[dkdZ ZWii `[Z[i i[_d[d [_][d[d P_bb[d ^Wj( P[dd L_[& WdijWjj l_[b[pk i[_d& [_di m[hZ[d& ZWdd m[hZ[d L_[ CGLCL P_bb[d ^WX[d( P_bb[_d Z[d ][mt^db_Y^[d F[diY^[d Gh( b& , kdZ - _ij dkh ZWi >h][X'd_i led PudiY^[d( @[m_ii[ m_Z[hijh[_j[dZ[ PudiY^[& eZ[h O[h'aduf\kd][d led PudiY^[d bWii[d L_[ Wk\ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hjW]_[h[d( =Wi _ij Wbb[i(

-O?EC# Bij ZWi X[eXWY^j[dZ[ yBY^z Z[h D[_c Z[i I[hcWd[dj[dyBY^z9

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi X[eXWY^j[dZ[ yBY^z _ij Z[h D[_c Z[iI[hcWd[dj[d yBY^z& WX[h [i ^Wj a[_d[d m_hab_Y^[d P_bb[d( L[_dP_bb[ _ij Z[c >_][dm_bb[d d_Y^j [dj][][d][i[jpj( PWi aWdd Z[c>_][dm_bb[d [dj][][dij[^[d9 >i ]_Xj dkh pm[_ [dj][][d][i[jpj[=_d][4 :hX[_j kdZ >_][dm_bb[( >_][dm_bb[ mudiY^j pkc ;[_if_[bpk iY^mWjp[d& kdZ [i ]_Xj [_d[ K[][b ][][d @[iY^msjp( =WhWki\eb]j [_d DWcf\& kdZ ZWi >h][Xd_i ^sd]j ZWled WX& m[h ledX[_Z[d ][m_ddj(

-O?EC# :dijh[d]kd][d pk cWY^[d _ij& mWi L_[ DWcf\ d[dd[d&WX[h d[^c[d L_[ Wd& cWd _ij i_Y^ a[_d[i DWcf\[i X[mkiij9

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi X[Z[kj[j& ZWii [h ][iY^W^( =_d][ atdd[d kdiWk\ l_[h :hj[d ][iY^[^[d ' ZkhY^ Sk\Wbb& ZkhY^ NhiWY^[ kdZP_hakd]& ZkhY^ LY^_YaiWb kdZ ZkhY^ P_bb[d( DWcf\ ckii m_b'b[djb_Y^& WXi_Y^jb_Y^ ijWjj\_dZ[d( NdZ L_[ cuii[d i_Y^ B^h[h :X'i_Y^j ][mW^h i[_d( L_[ atdd[d a[_d[ :dijh[d]kd] cWY^[d kdZZ[ii[d d_Y^j ][mW^h i[_d( P_bb[ msh[& m[dd L_[ [jmWi mebbj[dkdZ i_Y^ [djiY^btii[d kdZ ^WdZ[bj[d kdZ [hh[_Y^j[d& mWi L_[mudiY^j[d( @[dWk ZWi _ij m_Y^j_](

-O?EC# BY^ ]bWkX[& _Y^ ^thj[ iW][d& ZWii [_d F[diY^ l[hij[^[dm_hZ& m_[ @hkff[d led yBY^iz [_dWdZ[h ^[b\[d& m[dd [h @hkf'f[d led yBY^iz ijkZ_[hj(

6RPNCLPIV# PWi _d Z_[i[c ?Wbb m_Y^j_] _ij& _ij m_bb[djb_Y^[iAWdZ[bd( Sk ;[]_dd mkhZ[d kdi dkh Zh[_ =_d][ ][dWddj 'P_bb[& LY^_YaiWb kdZ Sk\Wbb( =Wdd aWc[d m_h pk Z[c LY^bkii&ZWii [i [_d[ l_[hj[ DWj[]eh_[ ][X[d ckii& Z_[ Z[c DWhcW

"!%

[djifh_Y^j( :X[h ZW Z_[i[i Pehj l_[b[ \WbiY^[ :iiep_Wj_ed[d WkiZ[h M^[eief^_[ [hmehX[d ^Wj& l[hmWdZj[d m_h Z_[ ;[]h_\\[ NhiW'Y^[ kdZ P_hakd] kdZ c[_dj[d ZWc_j [jmWi& ZWi _d Z_[i[c E[X[d][iY^_[^j kdZ i_Y^ dkh Wk\ [_d[d i[bXij X[p_[^j& Z[dd led [_d[cWdZ[h[d @[i_Y^jifkdaj Wki X[hk^j Z_[ ]Wdp[ P[bj Wk\ NhiWY^[kdZ P_hakd](

-O?EC# Bd Z_[i[d l_[h DWj[]eh_[d m_hZ P_bb[ d_Y^j e\j l[h'mWdZj& d_Y^j mW^h9

6RPNCLPIV#P_bb[ ckii Wd][mWdZj m[hZ[d( P_h i_dZ d_[cWbipkh :hX[_j X[h[_j& WX[h m_h cuii[d jhejpZ[c WhX[_j[d( P[dd m_hX[h[_j i_dZ& ZWdd m_hZ kdi WdZ[h[ :hX[_j ][][X[d& \uh Z_[ m_hd_Y^j X[h[_j i_dZ(

-O?EC# P[dd cWd i[_d LY^_YaiWb a[ddj& m_[ aWdd cWd [_d[E_d_[ [_d^Wbj[d& kc Sk\sbb[ pk l[hc[_Z[d9

6RPNCLPIV# BY^ m[_ii d_Y^j& mWi L_[ c_j 6ZWi LY^_YaiWb a[dd[d8c[_d[d( >i ^Wj d_Y^ji c_j Sk\sbb[ l[hc[_Z[d pk jkd( FWd l[h'c[_Z[j Sk\sbb[ "_d kdi[h[c X[iedZ[h[d L_dd#& _dZ[c cWd NhiW'Y^[d [hp[k]j kdZ P_hakd][d l[hc[^hj( =Wi _ij :dds^[hkd] WdZ[d P_bb[d( >i _ij d_Y^j P_bb[& WX[h :dds^[hkd] ZWhWd( Gkh [_d[X[ij_ccj[ :dpW^b led =_d][d aWdd _d [_d[h LjkdZ[ eZ[h Wd[_d[c MW] ][iY^[^[d5 m[dd cWd ZW^[h c[^h NhiWY^[d [hp[k]j&Xb[_Xj m[d_][h KWkc \uh Sk\sbb[(P_h atdd[d LY^_YaiWb dkh _d X[pk] Wk\kdi[h[d athf[hb_Y^[d Sk'

ijWdZ& kdi[h[ @[ikdZ^[_j kdZ ie m[_j[h d[^c[d( LY^_YaiWb ^Wjd_Y^ji c_j >hhkd][diY^W\j[d pk jkd( NhiWY^[ kdZ P_hakd] i[jp[dZ[d :d\Wd]( :X[h NhiWY^[ kdZ P_hakd] _ij& m[dd ZWi >h][Xd_i Wk\kdi[h[c [_][d[d AWdZ[bd X[hk^j& WX[h d_Y^j Wk\ lehX[ZWY^j[cAWdZ[bd( Bd Z[h :hX[_j cuii[d m_h l[hikY^[d& P_bb[d Wdpkm[dZ[d' ie l_[b& m_[ m_h ^WX[d( P[dd cWd [_d[d Sebb P_bb[d ^Wj kdZ _^d][XhWkY^j& ZWdd m_hZ cWd pm[_ Sebb ^WX[d& ZWdd Zh[_ kdZ ie m[_j[h(

-O?EC# P_[ aWdd _Y^ b[hd[d& _c E[X[d WdZ[hi pk ^WdZ[bd& kcZ_[i[bX[d X[]h[dpj[d kdZ i_Y^ m_[Z[h^eb[dZ[d @[\u^b[ pk l[h'c[_Z[d& Z_[ _Y^ dkd \u^b[9

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi _ij kdi[h S_[b5 ZWi _ij ZWi S_[b Z[h ]Wdp[d:hX[_j( =Wi _ij Z[h @hkdZ& mWhkc Z_[ :hX[_j eh]Wd_i_[hj mkhZ[&mWhkc m_h l[hiY^_[Z[d[ M^[eh_[d ijkZ_[h[d& kdi l[hiY^_[Z[d[h

"!&

K[][bd [h_dd[hd cuii[d kdZ ie m[_j[h( L_[ ifh[Y^[d led [_d[cm[_j [dj\[hdj[d S_[b( Sk[hij cuii[d m_h _c Loij[c WhX[_j[d( BdZ[cm_h _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j Z[c Loij[c kdZ Z[h Hh]Wd_iWj_ed ^WdZ[bdb[hd[d& b[hd[d m_h _c E[X[d ^WdZ[bd5 WX[h m_h atdd[d d_Y^j b[hd[d&_c E[X[d pk ^WdZ[bd& e^d[ pk[hij ZkhY^ ZWi Loij[c pk ][^[d(

-O?EC# P[dd m_h ]Wdp LY^msY^[ kdZ e^d[ Ljsha[ i_dZ& Wkim[bY^[h Jk[bb[ p_[^[d m_h ZWdd [_d[ Z[hWhj_][ DhW\j& m_[ m_h i_[Wbb[_d iY^ed ^WX[d cuii[d& kc Z_[ :hX[_j Wd kdi pk X[]_dd[d9

6RPNCLPIV# P_h cuii[d [_d[ ][m_ii[ Ljsha[ ^WX[d( P[dd m_hdkh iY^mWY^ i_dZ& atdd[d m_h d_Y^ji jkd( :X[hm[dd m_h uX[h^Wkfja[_d[ DhW\j ^sjj[d& muhZ[d m_h kdi d_Y^j \uh Z_[i[ :hX[_j _dj[h[ii_['h[d( P[dd m_h kdi[h[ L_jkWj_ed [ha[dd[d& ^WX[d m_h X[h[_ji [_d[][m_ii[ Ljsha[& kdZ d[k[i P_ii[d l[hc[^hj Z_[i[ Ljsha[( :bie^WX[d m_h \uh Z[d :d\Wd] ltbb_] Wkih[_Y^[dZ[ DhW\j( Lfsj[h aeccjc[^h DhW\j Wki d[k[c P_ii[d kdZ d[k[d :dijh[d]kd][d ^_dpk(

6RPNCLPIV# Le\[hd E[kj[ d_Y^j led :d\Wd] Wd Wkih[_Y^[dZ[:dijh[d]kd][d cWY^[d& m_hZ ZWi Loij[c \uh i_[ dkjpbei i[_d(:dijh[d]kd][d cuii[d eh]Wd_i_[hj i[_d( PWi ^[_iij ZWi9 P[ddL_[ kdi[h[ :hX[_j d_Y^j l[hij[^[d& m[hZ[d m_h d_Y^j _d Z[h EW][i[_d& B^d[d pk ^[b\[d( P_h atdd[d B^d[d dkh ^[b\[d& m[dd L_[kdi[h[h :hX[_j X[_jh[j[d( L_[ cuii[d Wd Zh[_ @[X_[j[d WhX[_j[d(;[leh cWd l[hij[^[d aWdd& mWi Z_[i _d X[pk] Wk\ Z_[ (O@CGQ

X[Z[kj[j& ckii cWd Zh[_ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ :hX[_ji][X_[j[ _d PGAF

PCJ@PQ l[hij[^[d4 _dj[bb[ajk[bb[ :hX[_j ">hm[hX led P_ii[d#&[cej_edWb[ :hX[_j ":hX[_j Wd @[\u^b[d# kdZ :hX[_j Wc P_bb[d":hX[_j Wd kdi[h[c AWdZ[bd#( FWd ^Wj a[_d[d ie ]heii[d P_bb[dm_[ F[diY^ Gh( 1& WX[h cWd ^Wj _d X[ij_ccj[d :k][dXb_Ya[dP_bb[d( P_bb[ _ij ZWi >h][Xd_i led PudiY^[d( P_bb[ aWdd _d:k][dXb_Ya[d ][i[^[d m[hZ[d& ZW [_d ijWha[h PkdiY^& [jmWi pkjkd eZ[h d_Y^j pk jkd& ZW _ij( Gkh Z_[i[ :k][dXb_Ya[ i_dZ m_Y^j_](=Wi Loij[c aWdd dkh Z[d[d ^[b\[d& Z_[ [ha[dd[d& ZWii i_[ _^h[dP_bb[d d_Y^j X[^[hhiY^[d atdd[d( =Wdd m_hZ _^d[d ZWi Loij[c[djm[Z[h ^[b\[d& _^h[d P_bb[d pk X[^[hhiY^[d& eZ[h i_[ cuii[djkd& m_[ _^d[d ][iW]j mkhZ[(

-O?EC# @_Xj [i d_Y^j ie [jmWi m_[ ZWi >hpm_d][d [_d[h L_jkW'j_ed9

"!'

6RPNCLPIV# >i cW] ie Wkii[^[d& WX[h _d P_hab_Y^a[_j ][iY^W^[i( P[dd [i Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj d_Y^j ][iY^[^[d aeddj[& ZWdd aeddj[[i d_Y^j ][iY^[^[d( P[dd =_d][ Wk\ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj fWii_['h[d& m[hZ[d m_h lec Ljhec ][jhW][d& m_h WX[h ]bWkX[d& Z[dLjhec pk X[^[hhiY^[d(

-O?EC# P[dd cWd [_d[d :k][dXb_Ya bWd] \u^bj& ZWii cWd _dZ[h EW][ _ij& pk 6jkd8& iW][d m_h& [_d[ X[iedZ[h[ ;[iY^s\j_]kd]_dd[h^WbX Z[h ][mt^db_Y^[d :hX[_j ZkhY^pk\u^h[d& m_[ bWkj[j^_[hpk Z_[ >habshkd]9

6RPNCLPIV# P[dd cWd Wki][X_bZ[j m_hZ& [jmWi pk jkd& b[hdjcWd& [_d[h X[ij_ccj[d :hj led @[iY^[^d_ii[d pk \eb][d& eZ[hm[dd L_[ mebb[d& [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj led @[iY^[^d_ii[d _d @Wd]pk i[jp[d& kdZ ZWdd [djm_Ya[bd i_Y^ Z_[i[ kdZ cWd h[ddj ^_dj[h'^[h& eXme^b cWd i_Y^ [_dX_bZ[j& i_[ pk \u^h[d(

-O?EC#P[dd cWd Z_[ h_Y^j_][ AWbjkd] ^Wj (((6RPNCLPIV# G[_d& AWbjkd] ^Wj ZWc_j d_Y^ji pk jkd( =_[ AWb'

jkd] cW] h_Y^j_] i[_d kdZ ZWi O[hij[^[d cW] h_Y^j_] i[_d& WX[hL_[ c[ha[d m[_j[h^_d& ZWii Z_[ =_d][ Wk\ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj][iY^[^[d( C[]b_Y^[ ][mt^db_Y^[ LWY^[( >i _ij i[^h dujpb_Y^&m[dd cWd i_Y^ Z[h ?sbb[ pk [h_dd[hd l[hikY^j& _d Z[d[d cWdl[hikY^j ^Wj& [jmWi WdZ[hi pk jkd& kc ZWdd pk i[^[d& m_[ cWdij[ji pkh i[bX[d LWY^[ pkhuYaaeccj& ie]Wh ZWdd& m[dd [_d[b[_Y^j[ :Xm[_Y^kd] ][bWd]& jh[_X[d kdi ][mWbj_][ Dhs\j[ _d Z_[Wbj[d @[b[_i[ pkhuYa(

-O?EC# :bi L_[ iW]j[d& m_h atddj[d d_Y^ji ZWhWd sdZ[hd& ZWiiZ_[i[bX[d =_d][ ][iY^[^[d& c[_dj[d L_[& X_i kdi[h L[_d ][mWd'Z[bj _ij9

6RPNCLPIV# BY^ ifhWY^ d_Y^j led :hX[_j( BY^ iW]j[& [i i[_dejm[dZ_] pk l[hij[^[d& ZWii m_h ?RP RLP PCJ@PQ d_Y^j 6jkd8atdd[d( P[dd L_[ ZWi Wkih[_Y^[dZ l[hijWdZ[d ^WX[d& atdd[dL_[ ZWhuX[h dWY^Z[da[d& mWi pk jkd ct]b_Y^ _ij4 m[bY^[ ;[Z_d']kd][d& m[bY^[i P_ii[d kdZ m[bY^[ A_b\[ X[dtj_]j m[hZ[d( :X[hpk[hij _ij [i dejm[dZ_] pk [ha[dd[d& ZWii L_[& m[dd L_[ _c][mt^db_Y^[d E[X[d [jmWi WdZ[hi pk cWY^[d l[hikY^[d& c[h'a[d& ZWii L_[ [i d_Y^j atdd[d( >hij m[dd Z_[i ][\u^bicsii_]l[hijWdZ[d _ij& m_hZ [i ct]b_Y^& m[_j[h pk ][^[d(

"!(

-O?EC# P[dd m_h FWiY^_d[d i_dZ& m_[ atdd[d m_h kdi[hP[i[d sdZ[hd9

6RPNCLPIV# L_[ atdd[d d_Y^j mWhj[d& X_i L_[ i_Y^ sdZ[hd( >i]_Xj [_d i[^h m_Y^j_][i Ih_dp_f _d Z[h :hX[_j ' L_[ iebbj[d d_[B^h[d Dhs\j[d [djifh[Y^[dZ WhX[_j[d& iedZ[hd _cc[h uX[h B^h[Dhs\j[ ^_dWki( =Wi _ij [_d f[hcWd[dj[i Ih_dp_f( Bd Z[h :hX[_jcuii[d L_[ _cc[h c[^h jkd& Wbi L_[ atdd[d( Gkh ZWdd atdd[dL_[ i_Y^ sdZ[hd( P[dd L_[ dkh ZWi jkd& mWi ct]b_Y^ _ij& m[hZ[dL_[ Xb[_X[d& me L_[ i_dZ( FWd ckii ZWi Ndct]b_Y^[ jkd( L_[Zuh\[d ZWi Pehj 6kdct]b_Y^8 d_Y^j pk ^eY^ [_diY^sjp[d& WkY^ [_dX_iiY^[d X[Z[kj[j l_[b( L_[ cuii[d c[^h jkd& Wbi L_[ atdd[d&eZ[h L_[ m[hZ[d i_Y^ d_[cWbi sdZ[hd( A_[h kdj[hiY^[_Z[j [i i_Y^lec E[X[d ' _c E[X[d jkd L_[ dkh& mWi ct]b_Y^ _ij(

-O?EC# BY^ ctY^j[ [_d[d P[] \_dZ[d& kc [_d[d >djiY^bkii pk:hX[_j[d pk jh[\\[d& led Z[c _Y^ d_Y^j WXjh[j[d aWdd(

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi _ij [_d[ kdi[h[h ]htiij[d Bbbki_ed[d& ZWii m_h>djiY^buii[ \Wii[d atdd[d( Nc >djiY^buii[ pk \Wii[d& _ij [idejm[dZ_] pk PCGL! Z[dd ie& m_[ m_h i_dZ& jh_\\j [_d ab[_d[i yBY^z>djiY^[_Zkd][d kdZ led [_d[c WdZ[h[d yBY^z& ZWi d_Y^ji ZWledm[_ii& m_hZ [hmWhj[j& ZWii [i i_[ ZWdd Wki\u^hj( =_[i _ij [_d[h Z[h[hij[d Ikdaj[& Z_[ m_h [ha[dd[d cuii[d& ZWii m_h& ie m_[ m_hi_dZ& d_Y^j [_dcWb _d Db[_d_]a[_j[d >djiY^[_Zkd][d jh[\\[d atd'd[d ' Z_[ =_d][ ][iY^[^[d [_d\WY^( :X[h m[dd L_[ Z_[i h_Y^j_]l[hij[^[d& m[dd L_[ dWY^ Z[d NhiWY^[d WkipkiY^Wk[d X[]_dd[dkdZ m[dd L_[ Z_[i[ NhiWY^[d \_dZ[d& ZWdd m[hZ[d L_[ \s^_] i[_dpk WhX[_j[d& kdZ l_[bb[_Y^j m[hZ[d L_[ _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& >dj'iY^buii[ pk \Wii[d& WX[h \uh [_d[ bWd][ S[_j dkh _d X[pk] pkh:hX[_j& pk d_Y^ji WdZ[h[c(=Wi [hij[& mepk L_[ i_Y^ [djiY^b_[ii[d cuii[d& _ij& B^h[ [_][d[

:hX[_j pk jkd kdZ pmWh h[][bcsii_]& i_Y^ Wd i_[ pk [h_dd[hd& i_[d_Y^j [djiY^buf\[d pk bWii[d( P_h l[h][ii[d pk b[_Y^j( P_h [dj'iY^b_[ii[d kdi pk :dijh[d]kd][d ' X[ij_ccj[ :hj[d led :d'ijh[d]kd][d kdZ X[ij_ccj[ :hj[d led ;[eXWY^jkd][d '& kdZZWdd kdj[hXh[Y^[d ]Wdp ][mt^db_Y^[ =_d][& ][mt^db_Y^[ HajW'l[d Wbb[i& kdZ m_h l[h][ii[d [i ]Wdp( P_[Z[h [h_dd[hd m_h kdikdZ m_[Z[hkc l[h][ii[d m_h kdZ ie m[_j[h( P_h cuii[d m[d_][h

"!)

l[h][ii[d kdZ c[^h [h_dd[hd( >i _ij dejm[dZ_]& X[ij_ccj[ >h'a[ddjd_ii[& X[ij_ccj[ =_d][& Z_[ L_[ X[h[_ji [haWddj kdZ l[h'ijWdZ[d ^WX[d& _cc[h ][][dmshj_] pk ^WX[d( L_[ cuii[d l[hik'Y^[d& i_[ d_Y^j pk l[h][ii[d(=_[ AWkfjiY^m_[h_]a[_j b_[]j ZWh_d& T?P cWd jkd iebb kdZ TGC

cWd i_Y^ ZWpk Xh_d]j& [i pk jkd( Sk h[][bcsii_][c =[da[d pk][bWd][d& pk h[][bcsii_][h :hX[_j ' ZWhWk\ aeccj [i Wd( GkhZWdd m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ i[bXij pk i[^[d X[]_dd[d& ZWi ^[_iij i[^[d&mWi m_Y^j_][h kdZ mWi m[d_][h m_Y^j_] _ij& mehWk\ pk WY^j[d _ijkdZ ie m[_j[h( PWi ][iY^_[^j iedij9 L_[ [djiY^b_[ii[d i_Y^ pkWhX[_j[d& [jmWi pk jkd& [jmWi pk sdZ[hd ' kdZ ZWdd Xb[_X[d L_[[_d\WY^& me L_[ mWh[d( O[hikY^[d L_[& uX[h B^h[ :hX[_j dWY^pk'Z[da[d& mWi L_[ pk jkd l[hikY^[d& mWhkc L_[ [i pk jkd l[hik'Y^[d& mWi B^d[d ZWX[_ ^_b\j kdZ mWi L_[ X[^_dZ[hj& ieme^b led_dd[d Wbi led Wkii[d( >i aWdd [X[d\Wbbi dujpb_Y^ i[_d& uX[hskii[h[ >h[_]d_ii[ dWY^pkZ[da[d& Z[dd i_[ p[_][d B^d[d& m_[l_[b Wk\ Z[h MWjiWY^[ X[hk^j& ZWii Z_[ E[kj[ iY^bW\[d& ZWii i_[kd\s^_] i_dZ& h_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d& kd\s^_] pk l[hij[^[d( P[dd L_[Z_[i Wkii[h^WbX ][i[^[d ^WX[d& atdd[d L_[ [i Wk\ i_Y^ i[bXijWdm[dZ[d( L_[ m[hZ[d Z_[i[bX[ O[hm_hhkd] uX[h Wbb[hb[_ :hj[dled M^[c[d _d i_Y^ i[bXij i[^[d( >i _ij iY^m[h pk Z[da[d& iY^m[hpk i[^[d& me cWd pk Z[da[d Wd\Wd][d iebbj[4 P[dd L_[ Z_[i[_dcWb l[hij[^[d& X[]_dd[d L_[& Wk\ Z_[ h_Y^j_][ :hj pk Z[da[d(P[dd L_[ B^h[ :hj ^[hWki\_dZ[d& m_[ uX[h [_d[d @[][dijWdZh_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d _ij& m_hZ B^d[d ZWi kdc_jj[bXWh ^[b\[d& uX[hWdZ[h[ =_d][ h_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d( =_[ LY^m_[h_]a[_j b_[]j ZWh_d&ZWii Z_[ E[kj[ uX[h ]Wh d_Y^ji h_Y^j_] dWY^Z[da[d(

6RPNCLPIV# PWi ^[_iij [i& fhWaj_iY^ pk WhX[_j[d9 >i X[Z[kj[j&d_Y^j dkh Wc Bdj[bb[aj pk WhX[_j[d& iedZ[hd WkY^ Wd Z[d @[\u^'b[d kdZ Wc P_bb[d( :hX[_j Wc Bdj[bb[aj X[Z[kj[j& Wk\ [_d[ d[k[:hj pk Z[da[d& d[k[ @[i_Y^jifkdaj[ pk [hiY^W\\[d& Bbbki_ed[d pkp[hijth[d( :hX[_j Wd Z[d @[\u^b[d X[Z[kj[j& a[_d[ d[]Wj_l[d@[\u^b[ WkipkZhuYa[d& i_Y^ d_Y^j pk _Z[dj_\_p_[h[d& d_Y^j _dd[h'b_Y^ pk [hms][d kdZ ifsj[h& WkY^ Wd Z[d @[\u^b[d i[bXij pkWhX[_j[d( :hX[_j Wc P_bb[d4 PWi X[Z[kj[j ZWi9 PWi _ij P_bb[ _d

"!*

F[diY^ Gh( b& , kdZ -9 >h _ij ZWi >h][Xd_i led PudiY^[d( P_bb[_ij Z[h ?WZ[d c_j[_dWdZ[h l[hXkdZ[d[h PudiY^[& kdZ ZW i_Y^kdi[h[ PudiY^[ ZWk[hdZ sdZ[hd& ^WX[d m_h a[_d[d f[hcWd[d'j[d ?WZ[d( Le ^sd]j Z[h ][mt^db_Y^[ P_bb[ led PudiY^[d WX&kdZ PudiY^[ atdd[d i[^h l[hiY^_[Z[d i[_d5 Z[h PkdiY^& [jmWipk jkd kdZ Z[h PkdiY^& [jmWi d_Y^j pk jkd( =[h F[diY^ ^Wja[_d[d P_bb[d& iedZ[hd dkh >_][dm_bb[d kdZ >_][di_dd(P_h cuii[d kdi \hW][d& mehWk\ Z[h P_bb[ led F[diY^ Gh( 1

X[hk^[d atddj[( >h ckii Wk\ lebb[c ;[mkiiji[_d X[hk^[d& kdZZ_[i X[Z[kj[j P_ii[d kdZ O[hij[^[d _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j eX`[aj_'l[c ;[mkiiji[_d kdZ I[hcWd[dj[c yBY^z( Gkh Z_[`[d_][d& Z_[Z_[i[ Zh[_ =_d][ ^WX[d& atdd[d m_hab_Y^[d P_bb[d ^WX[d5 ZWi^[_iij& [_d P_bb[& Z[h led Wbb[c WdZ[h[d kdWX^sd]_] _ij kdZ dkhWk\ ;[mkiiji[_d& P_ii[d kdZ I[hcWd[dj[c yBY^z X[hk^j(?hW][d L_[ i_Y^ dkd& mehWk\ >_][dm_bb[ kdZ >_][di_dd X[hk'

^[d( L_[ X[hk^[d _cc[h Wk\ P_Z[hifhkY^( >_][dm_bb[ ^[_iij&m[dd pkc ;[_if_[b `[cWdZ i_[^j& ZWii [_d WdZ[h[h d_Y^j m[_ii&m_[ [jmWi pk jkd _ij kdZ iW]j& [h mebb[ [i [habsh[d& kdZ Z[hWdZ[h[ iW]j& yG[_d& _Y^ m_bb [i Wbb[_d[ jkdz( =[h >_][dm_bb[[djifh_d]j Z[c P_Z[hifhkY^( >_][di_dd _ij ZWi ]b[_Y^[& dkhWbb][c[_d[h( >_][di_dd aWdd [_d[ :hj @[me^d^[_j i[_d(Nc pk ijkZ_[h[d& m_[ c_j Z[h :hX[_j Wc P_bb[d X[]edd[d

m[hZ[d iebb& m_[ cWd _^d jhWdi\ehc_[hj& ckii cWd i[_d[d P_bb[dWk\][X[d( =_[i _ij [_d[ i[^h ][\s^hb_Y^[ ;[iY^h[_Xkd]& m[dd i_[c_iil[hijWdZ[d m_hZ( >i _ij m_Y^j_]& h_Y^j_] pk l[hij[^[d& mWiyi[_d[d P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[dz X[Z[kj[j( >i \hW]j i_Y^& m_[ cWd ZWijkd iebb( >hij[di ckii cWd l[hikY^[d& @[ZWda[d& Pehj[ kdZAWdZbkd][d c_j BZ[[d& >h\ehZ[hd_ii[d kdZ Bdj[h[ii[d Z[i Lo'ij[ci pk l[hX_dZ[d kdZ pk aeehZ_d_[h[d( P_h ^WX[d pk l_[b[pk\sbb_][ @[ZWda[d& Z_[ Z_[ ]Wdp[ :d][b[][d^[_j l[hsdZ[hd(P[dd m_h _d Z[h :hX[_j i[_d mebb[d& cuii[d m_h Wbb kdi[h[@[ZWda[d& Pehj[ kdZ AWdZbkd][d lec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[h :h'X[_j Wki uX[hfhu\[d( >_d_][ led _^d[d atdd[d Z[h :hX[_j iY^W'Z[d( P[dd L_[ Wbie WhX[_j[d mebb[d& i_dZ L_[ d_Y^j bsd][h \h[_5 L_[cuii[d Z_[ 0JJRPGML Z[h ?h[_^[_j l[hb_[h[d( =_[ ?hW][ _ij4 AWX[dm_h ?h[_^[_j9 AWX[d m_h [jmWi pk l[hb_[h[d9 =_[ [_dp_][ ?h[_^[_j&

""!

Z_[ m_h ^WX[d& _ij& Z[h :hX[_j kdZ Z[d E[kj[d pk iY^WZ[d( BdZ[cm_h b[hd[d& Z[h :hX[_j d_Y^j pk iY^WZ[d& b[hd[d m_h& kdi i[bXijd_Y^j pk iY^WZ[d5 a[_d[ kdl[hWdjmehjb_Y^[d& kdpkiWcc[d^sd'][dZ[d MWj[d pk lebb\u^h[d( =W^[h ][X[d m_h d_Y^ji P_hab_Y^[iWk\(

6RPNCLPIV# =_[ ?[ijb[]kd] kdZ =[\_d_j_ed Z[i S_[bi _ij [_d i[^hm_Y^j_][h :k][dXb_Ya _d Z[h :hX[_j( @[mt^db_Y^ ][iY^_[^j [i&ZWii cWd i[_d S_[b ltbb_] h_Y^j_]& _d Z[h ZkhY^Wki h_Y^j_][dK_Y^jkd] Z[\_d_[hj& dkh d_ccj cWd [_d S_[b& ZWi i[^h m[_j[dj\[hdj b_[]j( F_j Z_[i[c S_[b leh :k][d X[]_ddj cWd ZWdd pkb[hd[d kdZ FWj[h_Wb Wdpk^sk\[d( P[dd cWd ZWi dsY^ij[ FWbl[hikY^j& i[_d S_[b pk Z[\_d_[h[d& Z[\_d_[hj cWd [i [_d X_iiY^[dWdZ[hi kdZ \_dZ[j [_d S_[b& ZWi [_d m[d_] ds^[h b_[]j( =Wi dsY^ij[FWb m_[Z[h [_d X_iiY^[d ds^[h kdZ ie m[_j[h& X_i cWd [_d S_[b\_dZ[j& ZWi ]Wdp dW^[ b_[]j ' ceh][d eZ[h uX[hceh][d( =Wi _ij _dZ[h MWj Z[h h_Y^j_][ P[] _d X[pk] Wk\ S_[b[& m[dd m_h led _^d[de^d[ X[ij_ccj[ Pehj[ ifh[Y^[d( C[ZeY^ atdd[d m_h d[Xij Z_['i[d l_[b[ \_dZ[d& Z_[ [_dZ[kj_] [hms^dj mehZ[d i_dZ( y>_di pki[_d(z Otbb_] h_Y^j_]5 i[^h ]kj[i S_[b( y?h[_ pk i[_dz( P_[9 Gkh&m[dd cWd Dedjhebb[ uX[h Z_[ FWiY^_d[ [hbWd]j( C[cWdZ aWddiW][d4 yBY^ ctY^j[ P_bb[d ^WX[dz( L[^h ]kj( yBY^ m_bb mWY^i[_d(z :kY^ i[^h ]kj( :bb Z_[i[ S_[b[ b_[][d Wk\ Z[hi[bX[d E_d_[&b[Z_]b_Y^ _d kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[d :XijsdZ[d(

-O?EC# BY^ X_d pk Z[c LY^bkii ][aecc[d& ZWii Z_[ c[_ij[dc[_d[h S_[b[ pk [dj\[hdj b_[][d kdZ _Y^ ctY^j[ c[^h Wd Z[hfhWaj_iY^[d L[_j[ WhX[_j[d(

6RPNCLPIV# CW& Z[dd X[leh L_[ [dj\[hdj[ S_[b[ [hh[_Y^[datdd[d& ]_Xj [i l_[b[i& ZWi L_[ A_[h kdZ C[jpj pk jkd ^WX[d& kdZ^_[h_d kdj[hiY^[_Z[j i_Y^ Z_[i Loij[c led \Wij Wbb[d WdZ[h[dLoij[c[d( ;[_dW^[ Wbb[ WdZ[h[d Loij[c[ X[]_dd[d c_dZ[ij[dip[^djWki[dZ F[_b[d m[_j[h lehd[ kdZ ^WX[d a[_d[ fhWaj_iY^[;[Z[kjkd]5 WX[h Z_[i[i Loij[c X[]_ddj _d Z_[i[c S_cc[h( =Wi_ij Z[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z& kdZ ZWi ckii Wbi Wbb[h[hij[i l[hijWdZ[dm[hZ[d(P_[Z[h kdZ m_[Z[h cuii[d m_h pk Z_[i[h ?hW][ pkhuYaa[^h[d&

"""

mWi m_h led Z[h :hX[_j mebb[d( ;[dkjp[d L_[ d_Y^j Z_[ M[hc_de'be]_[ Z[i Loij[ci& iedZ[hd \_dZ[d L_[ ^[hWki& mWi L_[ i[bXijmebb[d( P[dd L_[ iW][d& L_[ mebb[d X[mkiij i[_d& ie _ij ZWi Wbb[ii[^h ]kj( :X[h mWhkc9 PWi mebb[d L_[ ZWZkhY^ [hh[_Y^[d& ZWiiL_[ X[mkiij m[hZ[d9 L_[ Zuh\[d d_Y^j Z[da[d& ZWii L_[ Z_[i[?hW][ ie\ehj X[Wdjmehj[d atdd[d( L_[ _ij i[^h iY^m[h( :X[h L_[Zuh\[d d_Y^j Wk\^th[d& Wk\ i_[ pkhuYapkaecc[d( NdZ L_[ cui'i[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii& X[leh Z_[ S[_j aeccj& ZW L_[ _d Z[h EW][i[_d m[hZ[d pk [h^Wbj[d& mWi L_[ mebb[d& L_[ m_ii[d cuii[d& mWi[i _ij( =Wi _ij [_d[ i[^h [dZ]ubj_][ ;[Z_d]kd]( L_[ atdd[dd_[cWbi [jmWi [h^Wbj[d& X[leh L_[ [i d_Y^j a[dd[d kdZ iW][datdd[d yBY^ m_bb Z_[iz( =Wdd m[hZ[d L_[ [i l_[bb[_Y^j X[aecc[deZ[h l_[bb[_Y^j WkY^ d_Y^j5 WX[h L_[ atdd[d [i d_[cWbi X[aec'c[d& X_i L_[ d_Y^j m_ii[d& mWi [i _ij( >X[d\Wbbi cuii[d L_[ Z_[=_d][ _d Z[h h_Y^j_][d HhZdkd] mebb[d(

-O?EC#PWi X[Z[kj[j ZWi96RPNCLPIV# FWd ckii Z_[ h_Y^j_][ HhZdkd] Z[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j

ijkZ_[h[d kdZ l[hij[^[d( =Wi _ij [_d[ i[^h _dj[h[iiWdj[ :d][b['][d^[_j(

-O?EC#F[_d[d L_[ _c Loij[c96RPNCLPIV# F_j A_b\[ Z[i Loij[ci( :X[h L_[ atdd[d [i Wk\

B^h[ [_][d[ :hj \ehckb_[h[d( L_[ cuii[d Wk\h_Y^j_] c_j i_Y^ i[bXiji[_d( L_[ cuii[d ][dWk m_ii[d& mWi L_[ mebb[d& kdZ ZWdd m[hZ[dL_[ i_Y^ \hW][d4 yP_hZ ZWi Loij[c _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& c_h ZWX[_ pk^[b\[d& [i pk [hbWd][d9z kdZ ie m[_j[h( :X[h L_[ cuii[d m_ii[d&mWi L_[ mebb[d(P_h i_dZ d_[ pm[_ MW][ ^_dj[h[_dWdZ[h Z_[i[bX[d( :d [_d_][d

MW][d m[hZ[d m_h [h\eb]h[_Y^[h i[_d& Wd WdZ[h[d m[d_][h( :bb[i&mWi m_h jkd atdd[d& _ij& ie l_[b m_[ ct]b_Y^ pk uX[hXb_Ya[d( P_hatdd[d d_[cWbi iY^m_[h_][h[ =_d][ X[^[hhiY^[d& m[dd m_h Z_[b[_Y^j[d d_Y^j X[^[hhiY^[d( C[Z[d MW] kdZ `[Z[ LjkdZ[ ]_Xj [i=_d][& Z_[ m_h X[^[hhiY^[d atddj[d kdZ d_Y^j jkd5 ie atdd[d m_hd_Y^ji G[k[i pkc ;[^[hhiY^[d ^WX[d( P_h i_dZ kc][X[d ledl[hdWY^bsii_]j[d =_d][d( @htiij[dj[_bi X[^[hhiY^[d m_h kdi[h=[da[d d_Y^j( P_h Z[da[d Wk\ [_d[ lW][ :hj Wd ZWi& mWi m_hmebb[d& WX[h m[dd m_h d_Y^j \ehckb_[h[d& mWi m_h mebb[d& m_hZ

""#

d_Y^ji ][iY^[^[d( =_[i _ij Z_[ [hij[ ;[Z_d]kd]& WX[h [i ]_Xj l_[b[A_dZ[hd_ii[(BY^ ^WX[ uX[h Z_[i[ ?hW][ Z[i S_[bi ][ifheY^[d& m[_b _Y^

B^d[d hWj[& ZWhuX[h dWY^pkZ[da[d& pk uX[hfhu\[d& mWi L_[ X['h[_ji uX[h S_[b[ ][ZWY^j ^WX[d kdZ ZWhuX[h dWY^pkZ[da[d& m_[L_[ B^h S_[b dWY^ [_d[c LjkZ_kc Z_[i[h BZ[[d dkd Z[\_d_[h[dmuhZ[d( >i _ij pm[Yabei& [_d S_[b pk Z[\_d_[h[d& ZWi d_Y^j [hh[_Y^jm[hZ[d aWdd( P[dd L_[ `[ZeY^ [_d S_[b Z[\_d_[h[d& ZWi L_[ pk[hh[_Y^[d ^e\\[d atdd[d& ZWdd m_hZ B^h[ :hX[_j X[mkiij& [hdij'^W\j i[_d(P[dd _Y^ ZWdWY^ ][\hW]j muhZ[& msh[ c[_d[ :djmehj& ZWii

ZWi& mWi [_d F[diY^ X[aecc[d aWdd& mWi _^c kdj[h Z[h ;[Z_d']kd]& ZWii [h WhX[_j[j& l[hifheY^[d m[hZ[d aWdd& ZWh_d X[ij[^j&ZWii [h i_Y^ dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j Z[h :hX[_j i[bXij i[^[d m_hZ( >hcW] WdZ[h[ =_d][ [hh[_Y^[d& m_[ ;[mkiiji[_d& >_d^[_j& O[hX_d'Zkd] c_j ^t^[h[d S[djh[d& Wbb[ \eb][d dWY^ ' kdZ m_h m_ii[dd_Y^j& _d m[bY^[h K[_^[d\eb][ i_[ _d >hiY^[_dkd] jh[j[d( :X[h m_hcuii[d Wd [_d[i Z[da[d5 X_i m_h Z_[i [hbWd][d ' X_i m_h kdi i[bXiji[^[d ' atdd[d m_h d_Y^ji WdZ[h[i [hh[_Y^[d( ;_i m_h c_j Z_[i[cS_[b leh :k][d pk WhX[_j[d X[]_dd[d& atdd[d m_h d_Y^j iW][d&ZWii m_h pk WhX[_j[d X[]edd[d ^WX[d( =[cdWY^ cuii[d m_h dWY^[_d_][h S[_j _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& kdi[h kdc_jj[bXWh[i S_[b Wbi kdii[bXij pk i[^[d \ehckb_[h[d atdd[d( G_Y^j [_dcWb kdi i[bXij pkICLLCL "ZWi aeccj ifsj[h#& iedZ[hd kdi i[bXij pk PCFCL#

6RPNCLPIV# Le]Wh P_ii[d kdZ O[hij[^[d atdd[d d_Y^j ^[b\[d&m[dd cWd d_Y^j Wc L[_d WhX[_j[j( P[dd Z[h P_bb[ d_Y^j ]b[_Y^'p[_j_] msY^ij& aWdd cWd l[hij[^[d kdZ Z[ddeY^ d_Y^j _d Z[h EW][i[_d& [jmWi pk jkd(

-O?EC# L_[ iW][d& [i i[_ ct]b_Y^ pk l[hij[^[d kdZ Z[ddeY^d_Y^ji ZWc_j Wd\Wd][d pk atdd[d9

6RPNCLPIV# CW& m[dd cWd d_Y^j led :d\Wd] Wd [hdij^W\j[:dijh[d]kd][d kdj[hdecc[d ^Wj& P_bb[d pk [djm_Ya[bd( P[ddZ[h P_bb[ kd[djm_Ya[bj Xb[_Xj& ZWdd aWdd Z_[ >djm_Yabkd] Z[iO[hij[^[di d_Y^j l_[b ^[b\[d( FWd aWdd i[^h l_[b l[hij[^[d& WX[h]b[_Y^p[_j_] d_Y^j \s^_] i[_d& _h][dZ[jmWi ZWc_j Wdpk\Wd][d(

""$

-O?EC# Bij Z[h P_bb[ M[_b Z[i L[_di96RPNCLPIV# CW& ][dWkie m_[ ;[mkiiji[_d eZ[h O[hijsdZd_i(

Gkh& m[dd L_[ pk l_[b Wc O[hijsdZd_i WhX[_j[d kdZ Z[d P_bb[dWkii[h WY^j bWii[d& ZWdd m_hZ B^h P_bb[& WdijWjj ijsha[h iY^msY^[hm[hZ[d eZ[h ][dWk ie Xb[_X[d& m_[ [h mWh( F_j kdi[h[c P_bb[d 'Z[c P_bb[d led F[diY^ b& , kdZ - ' atdd[d m_h dkh CGL S[djhkcX[^[hhiY^[d& m[dd m_h Z_[ ][iWcj[ kdi ct]b_Y^[ Dedp[djhWj_ed[_di[jp[d( P_h atdd[d d_[cWbi pm[_ eZ[h Zh[_ S[djh[d X[^[hh'iY^[d& kdZ Wkii[hZ[c ^sd][d Z_[ S[djh[d led[_dWdZ[h WX(G[^c[d L_[ Wd& m_h [djiY^btii[d kdi& [_d S[djhkc pk X[^[hh'iY^[d kdZ ms^h[dZZ[ii[d \kdaj_ed_[hj[d WdZ[h[ S[djh[d Wbb[_d[m[_j[h& ZWdd m[hZ[d i_[ ie\ehj ZWi S[djhkc Wdij[Ya[d& ZWi m_hX[^[hhiY^[d mebb[d kdZ [i m_[Z[h pk c[Y^Wd_iY^[c K[W]_[h[dXh_d][d(-O?EC#P_[ aWdd cWd Z_[i[ :hj P_bb[d [hbWd][d96RPNCLPIV# =Wi mkhZ[ _d X[pk] Wk\ Z_[ yLjefz'rXkd]$ [h'

abshj( =_[`[d_][d& Z_[ Z[d OehjhW] uX[h Z_[ yLjefz'rXkd] ^th'j[d& ct][d i_Y^ [h_dd[hd( F[^h Wbi [_d S[djhkc pk X[^[hhiY^[d&_ij Z_[ @hkdZbW][ Z[h yLjefz'rXkd]( L_[ aWdd dkh Wki][\u^hjm[hZ[d& m[dd L_[ i_Y^ kdj[h [_d[d WdZ[h[d P_bb[d ij[bb[d& Z[ddB^h [_][d[h P_bb[ h[_Y^j d_Y^j Wki( FWdY^cWb aWdd [i dejm[dZ_]i[_d& l_[h S[djh[d pk X[^[hhiY^[d& kdZ ZWi FWn_ckc B^h[hP_bb[di[d[h]_[ aWdd dkh [_d S[djhkc X[^[hhiY^[d( =W^[h _ij [_dWdZ[h[h P_bb[ dejm[dZ_]( :ki Z_[i[c @hkdZ i_dZ LY^kbZ_ip_fb_dkdZ LY^kbuXkd][d dejm[dZ_](-O?EC# P_[ atdd[d m_h ][][d Z[d >_][dm_bb[d Wd][^[d9 Bij [i

kdi& ie m_[ m_h i_dZ& ct]b_Y^& Z_[ :k][dXb_Ya[ pk [ha[dd[d& _dZ[d[d m_h m_hab_Y^[d P_bb[d ^WX[d9

6RPNCLPIV# G_Y^j m_hab_Y^[d P_bb[d5 Z[d atdd[d m_h d_Y^j^WX[d( :bb[i& mWi m_h ^WX[d& i_dZ >_][dm_bb[ kdZ >_][di_dd eZ[hab[_d[ LjuYa[ led P_bb[d& Z_[ i_Y^ Z_[ ]Wdp[ S[_j sdZ[hd( P_hab_'Y^[h P_bb[ _ij deY^ i[^h m[_j m[]5 [h X[hk^j Wk\ I[hcWd[dj[cyBY^z& ;[mkiiji[_d kdZ BdZ_l_ZkWb_jsj( P_h ^WX[d _^d d_Y^j(PWi Z_[ ?hW][& m_[ m_h ][][d >_][dm_bb[d WhX[_j[d atdd[d&

$ Skh ;[iY^h[_Xkd] Z[h yLjefz'rXkd] i_[^[ I(=( Hkif[diao4 (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AFBCK =RLBCO@?OCL! ;[hd& FudY^[d& P_[d +300& L( /+1',-#

""%

WdX[bWd]j4 L_[ atdd[d ZWi Loij[c ijkZ_[h[d( >i ]_Xj X[ij_ccj[:d\ehZ[hkd][d _c Loij[c5 =_d][& Z_[ L_[ jkd eZ[h kdj[hbWii[diebb[d( Skc ;[_if_[b iebb[d L_[ d_Y^j h[Z[d& Z[dd m[dd L_[ [ijkd& m[hZ[d L_[ dkh Eu][d [hps^b[d( L_[ atdd[d [hij uX[h ZWiLoij[c ifh[Y^[d& m[dd L_[ [i a[dd[d kdZ l[hij[^[d( :k\ Z_[i[:hj X[][]d[d L_[ led :d\Wd] Wd :hX[_ji_Z[[d& Z_[ Z[c >_][d'm_bb[d [dj][][dbWk\[d( P[dd L_[ Z_[ :hX[_j l[h][ii[d& WhX[_j[dL_[ d_Y^j ][][d >_][dm_bb[d( =_[ [_dp_][ :hj& ][][d >_][dm_bb[dWdpkascf\[d& _ij& i_Y^ Z[h :hX[_j pk [h_dd[hd( >i aWdd ][iY^['^[d& ZWii Z_[ :hX[_j _d [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d :k][dXb_Ya uX[h^Wkfja[_d[ Kebb[ if_[bj& WX[h _d [_d[c WdZ[h[d :k][dXb_Ya _ij i_[X[j[_b_]j& kdZ _d Z_[i[c Fec[dj atdd[d L_[ l[hij[^[d& mWi Z[d>_][dm_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d X[Z[kj[j( ?hW][d L_[ i_Y^ i[bXij4 Bij [ilec @[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[h :hX[_j Wki h_Y^j_] eZ[h d_Y^j9 =Wi _ijDWcf\ ][][d >_][dm_bb[d(Sk[hij ckii cWd l[hij[^[d& mWi P_bb[ _ij( P_h ^WX[d a[_d[d

P_bb[d5 m_h ^WX[d dkh >_][dm_bb[d kdZ >_][di_dd( >_][dm_bb[ _ijL[bXijX[ijsj_]kd]( >_][di_dd ^[_iij ][][d [jmWi Wd][^[d& ][][dK[][bd kdZ ie m[_j[h( ;[_Z[ X[_d^Wbj[d [_d[ :hj Hffei_j_ed][][d [jmWi& kdZ _d Z_[i[h ?ehc ]_Xj [i i_[( =[h F[diY^ ^Wja[_d[d khifhud]b_Y^[d P_bb[d& Z[h e^d[ P_Z[hijWdZ [n_ij_[h[daWdd kdZ Z[h X[ijsdZ_] _ij( :ki Z_[i[c @hkdZ ckii [h kdj[hmeh'\[d m[hZ[d( =_[i[ Ndj[hm[h\kd] iY^kbj _^d& ie ZWii [h ^_dj[h^[h[_d[h X[ij_ccj[d E_d_[ \eb][d aWdd( P[dd [h ijWha ][dk] m_hZ&XhWkY^j cWd _^d d_Y^j bsd][h pk X[]h[dp[d( =[cdWY^ aWdd Z[ddZ[h P_bb[ d_Y^j ][bWii[d m[hZ[d& m_[ [h _ij( C[jpj bsk\j [h _d Wbb[K_Y^jkd][d( >h ckii ][iY^kbj m[hZ[d& kdZ kc _^d pk iY^kb[d&ckii cWd l_[b[ kdWd][d[^c[ =_d][ jkd(Bc ][mt^db_Y^[d F[diY^[d \eb]j Z[h P_bb[ [_d[h S_YapWYa'

b_d_[ eZ[h Zh[^j i_Y^ _c Dh[_i( P_bb[ p[_]j Z_[ K_Y^jkd] Z[h:dijh[d]kd][d( :dijh[d]kd] _ij kdi[h @[bZ( P_h cuii[d c_j:dijh[d]kd][d X[pW^b[d( >djifh[Y^[dZ Z[h Ljsha[ Z[h :dijh[d']kd][d kdZ Z[c S[_jfkdaj Z[h :dijh[d]kd][d ' _d Z[c L_dd&eX [i Z_[ h_Y^j_][ S[_j \uh Z_[ :dijh[d]kd] _ij eZ[h d_Y^j '[hp_[b[d m_h >h][Xd_ii[( :dijh[d]kd] [h\ehZ[hj P_ii[d& D[ddj'd_i Z[h :k][dXb_Ya[& _d Z[d[d :dijh[d]kd] dujpb_Y^ _ij( =_[

""&

:dijh[d]kd][d& Z_[ m_h cWY^[d atdd[d& i_dZ iebY^[ Z[h L[bXij'X[eXWY^jkd] kdZ Z[i L[bXij' >h_dd[hdi( P[dd E[kj[ led :d'ijh[d]kd] ^th[d& Z[da[d i_[ Wd [_d[ :dijh[d]kd] Z[i yMkdiz(=Wi msh[ l[hbeh[d[ :dijh[d]kd] eZ[h \WbiY^[ :dijh[d]kd]&WX[h :dijh[d]kd] Z[h L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd] eZ[h Z[i L[bXij'>h_d'd[hdi _ij h_Y^j_]& m[_b [i h_Y^j_][ >h][Xd_ii[ Xh_d][d aWdd(

-O?EC# PWhkc iW]j[d L_[& m_h cuiij[d kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij pk[h_dd[hd l[hikY^[d& m[dd [i Wc iY^m_[h_]ij[d _ij9

6RPNCLPIV# L_[ m_ii[d& ZWii L_[ [jmWi d_Y^j jkd iebb[d( >_dM[_b led B^d[d m_bb [i jkd( =Wdd [h_dd[hd L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXijkdZ ijeff[d L_[ _^d( L[bXij'>h_dd[hd ^Wj [_d >b[c[dj led P_bb[d_d i_Y^( P[dd [i dkh jhskc[d ^_[ii[ yBY^ X_d& _Y^ X_d& _Y^ X_dz&msh[ [i d_Y^ji( L_[ cuii[d [_d\WY^ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ S[_j ZWhWk\l[hm[dZ[d ZWhuX[h dWY^pkZ[da[d& mWi >h_dd[hd X[Z[kj[j kdZmWi >h_dd[hd d_Y^j X[Z[kj[j& kdZ mWi \uh [_d[ P_hakd] >h_dd['hkd][d ^WX[d( =Wdd atdd[d L_[ l_[b[hb[_ P[][ [h\_dZ[d& i_Y^B^h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd( C[ZeY^ _ij L[bXij'>h_dd[hd _d Z[h MWja[_d[ _dj[bb[ajk[bb[ eZ[h WXijhWaj[ :d][b[][d^[_j5 [i X[Z[kj[j:k][dXb_Ya[ led P_bb[d( >i _ij d_Y^j =[da[d5 [i _ij AWdZ[bd( >iX[Z[kj[j& l[hc[^hj[ Dedjhebb[ pk ^WX[d5 led m[bY^[c Gkjp[dmsh[ [i iedij9 L_[ atdd[d i_Y^ dkh _d :k][dXb_Ya[d Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi aedjhebb_[h[d( =_[ c[Y^Wd_iY^[ Dedjhebb[& Z_[ ZkhY^LY^kbkd] kdZ >hp_[^kd] [hmehX[d m_hZ 'm[dd kdi ][b[^hj m_hZ&m_[ m_h kdi _d X[ij_ccj[d L_jkWj_ed[d l[h^Wbj[d iebb[d ' _ija[_d[ m_hab_Y^[ Dedjhebb[(

-O?EC# Lebb[d m_h l[hij[^[d& ZWii L[bXij'>h_dd[hd @[mW^hi[_dX[Z[kj[j9

6RPNCLPIV# G_Y^j dkh @[mW^hi[_d( >i X[Z[kj[j WkY^ [_d[][m_ii[ ?s^_]a[_j& Wk\ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :hj pk ^WdZ[bd& pk jkd&mWi L_[ mebb[d( L[^[d L_[& _d kdi[h[h be]_iY^[d =[dam[_i[&][csii be]_iY^[c P_ii[d& jh[dd[d m_h ;[mkiiji[_d lec P_bb[d(:X[h ;[mkiiji[_d @CBCRQCQ P_bb[( Bd Z[h hkii_iY^[d LfhWY^[ pkc;[_if_[b _ij yP_bb[z ZWii[bX[ Pehj m_[ y?h[_^[_jz( =Wi Pehjy;[mkiiji[_dz c[_dj [_d[ O[hX_dZkd] Wbb[d P_ii[di5 Wbi ^sjj[dL_[ B^h ][iWcj[i P_ii[d pkh i[bX[d S[_j leh i_Y^( :X[h ;[mkiij'i[_d X[Z[kj[j WkY^ P_bb[& kdZ P_bb[ X[Z[kj[j ?h[_^[_j(

""'

-O?EC#PWi ^[_iij [i& Z[d P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d96RPNCLPIV# :k\][X[d led D_dZ_iY^i[_d& Ndm_haiWca[_j kdZ

Eu][d(-O?EC# ;[_d^Wbj[j Z_[ :k\]WX[ Z[i >_][dm_bb[di [X[d\Wbbi Z_[

:k\]WX[ Z[i [_][d[d Nhj[_bi96RPNCLPIV# >i aeccj ZWhWk\ Wd& meh_d( PWi X[Z[kj[j :k\]W'

X[ Z[i P_bb[di9 P_[ aWdd [i [hh[_Y^j m[hZ[d9 L_[ ^WX[d \WbiY^[Oehij[bbkd][d ^_[huX[h( >hij[di ij[bb[d L_[ [i i_Y^ Wbi [_d[ [dZ]ub'j_][ AWdZbkd] leh4 ZWii L_[ P_bb[d Wk\][X[d kdZ a[_d[d m[_j[h[dP_bb[d c[^h ^WX[d( =Wi _ij [_d[ Bbbki_ed& Z[dd m_h ^WX[d a[_d[dZ[hWhj_][d P_bb[d& Z[d m_h Wk\][X[d atddj[d( Ndi[h[ P_bb[di'ahW\j h[_Y^j \uh hkdZ Zh[_ F_dkj[d( P_bb[ m_hZ p[_jb_Y^ ][c[ii[d(P[dd m_h [_dcWb Zh[_ F_dkj[d P_bb[d Wk\][X[d& m[hZ[d ceh][dm[_j[h[ Zh[_ F_dkj[d P_bb[d mWY^i[d( P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d _ij [_daedj_dk_[hb_Y^[h Ihep[ii& d_Y^j CGLC AWdZbkd]( >_d[ [_dp_][AWdZbkd] X[Z[kj[j d_Y^ji( >_d pm[_j[h ?[^b[h _ij& i_Y^ d_Y^jX[ij_ccj[h Ih_dp_f_[d pk [h_dd[hd& Z[d[d ][][duX[h L_[ P_bb[dWk\][X[d& m_[ pkc ;[_if_[b K[][bd( >i ]_Xj X[_if_[bim[_i[ [_d[K[][b& ZWii L_[ d_Y^j uX[h Z_[i[i Loij[c ifh[Y^[d iebbj[d( =[hdWjuhb_Y^[ PkdiY^ _ij pk h[Z[d& WX[h m[dd L_[ i_Y^ pkhuYa^Wbj[d&^[_iij ZWi& ZWii L_[ B^h[d P_bb[d Wk\][X[d5 ZWii L_[ Z_[i[h K[][b][^ehY^[d( >i ]_Xj l_[b[ m[_j[h[ Ih_dp_f_[d& Z[d[d ][][duX[h L_[B^h[d P_bb[d Wk\][X[d cuii[d& kc _^d[d pk \eb][d(

-O?EC# ;[Z[kj[j& i[_d[d P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d& d_Y^j e^d[ O[h'ij[^[d pk ^WdZ[bd9

6RPNCLPIV# L[^[d L_[& ZWi _ij [_d m[_j[h[h B^h[h ?[^b[h( L_[Z[da[d& P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d X[Z[kj[& [jmWi pk QRL# =Wi ][iY^_[^ji[^h i[bj[d( Bd Z[d c[_ij[d ?sbb[d m_hZ B^d[d ][iW]j& [jmWi LGAFQ

pk jkd( A_[h_d b_[]j [_d ]heii[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z( Skc ;[_if_[b mebb[dL_[ `[cWdZ[c [habsh[d& mWi L_[ led _^c ^Wbj[d& kdZ L_[ Zuh\[d[i d_Y^j jkd( >i _ij [_d[ ?hW][ Z[h rXkd]( P_bb[ aWdd [djm_Ya[bjm[hZ[d& m[dd [_d F[diY^ Wd i_Y^ WhX[_j[j kdZ i[_d[d P_bb[dpm_d]j& Z[d :hX[_jifh_dp_f_[d pk ][^ehY^[d( =_d][& Z_[ Z_[:hX[_j d_Y^j X[jh[\\[d& atdd[d d_Y^j ZWc_j l[hXkdZ[d m[hZ[d&WX[h `[ c[^h L_[ i_Y^ c_j Z[h :hX[_j X[\Wii[d& Z[ije c[^h =_d][X[]_dd[d Z_[ :hX[_j pk X[hu^h[d( :X[h ZWi [h\ehZ[hj S[_j(

""(

P[dd _^h[ <^WdY[ aeccj kdZ Z[d E[kj[d ][iW]j m_hZ& [jmWipk jkd eZ[h [jmWi pk kdj[hbWii[d& ][^[d i_[& m_[ _^d[d iY^[_dj&Wki Z[c X[ij[d Wbb[h @hudZ[ ZW][][d Wd( Le l[hiskc[d i_[ _^h[@[b[][d^[_j( =_[ S[_j l[h][^j& kdZ ifsj[h ct][d i_[ [_di[^[d&ZWii i_[ _^h[ @[b[][d^[_j l[hiskcj ^WX[d& WX[h i_[ aWdd d_Y^jc[^h ZkhY^ _h][dZ[jmWi [hi[jpj m[hZ[d( =Wi _ij Z_[ LjhW\[ \uh>_][dm_bb[d(Sk Z_[i[h Oehij[bbkd]& i[_d[d P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d4 >i ckii

m_[Z[h^ebj m[hZ[d& ZWii F[diY^ Gh( b& , kdZ - a[_d[d P_bb[d^WX[d& iedZ[hd dkh >_][dm_bb[d kdZ >_][di_dd( O[hikY^[d L_[pk l[hij[^[d& mWi ZWi X[Z[kj[j( >_][di_dd_] i[_d ^[_iij& ZWii cWd[jmWi O[hXej[d[i pk jkd mudiY^j eZ[h jWjisY^b_Y^ jkj& dkh m[_b [il[hXej[d _ij( NdZ [i _ij [_d ?Wbb led >_][dm_bb[d& m[dd `[cWdZi_[^j& ZWii L_[ [jmWi pk jkd l[hikY^[d& ZWi L_[ d_Y^j pk jkdl[hij[^[d& kdZ ctY^j[ B^d[d ^[b\[d& WX[h L_[ iW][d& yG[_d& _Y^m_bb [i i[bXij jkdz( =_[i i_dZ Z_[ pm[_ Mof[d led P_bb[d& Z_[ m_h^WX[d( L_[ X[hk^[d Wk\ Hffei_j_ed( PW^h[h P_bb[ ckii Wk\;[mkiiji[_d& P_ii[d kdZ I[hcWd[dj[c yBY^z X[hk^[d( Le m_[m_h i_dZ& ^WX[d m_h a[_d[d( :bb[i& mWi m_h ^WX[d& i_dZ >_][dm_bb[kdZ >_][di_dd( Ndi[h P_bb[ _ij ZWi >h][Xd_i led PudiY^[d(PudiY^[ atdd[d i[^h ]kj l[hXeh][d i[_d( Skc ;[_if_[b cW] [_dF[diY^ `[cWdZ[d ah_j_i_[h[d mebb[d& kdZ [h d[ddj [i :k\h_Y^j_]'a[_j( :X[h Z[h PkdiY^ pk ah_j_i_[h[d cW] ie ijWha i[_d& ZWii [h[_d[ m_hab_Y^ ]heii[ :dijh[d]kd] kdj[hd[^c[d cuiij[& kc _^dpk ijeff[d& kdZ [_d F[diY^ aWdd a[_d[ m_hab_Y^[d :dijh[d]kd'][d Wki i_Y^ i[bXij cWY^[d(Nc P_bb[d pk [hp[k][d& ckii [_d F[diY^ l[hikY^[d& `[Z[

[_dp[bd[ i[_d[h AWdZbkd][d c_j Z[d BZ[[d Z[h :hX[_j pk aeehZ_'d_[h[d5 [h ckii i_Y^ X[_ `[Z[h AWdZbkd] \hW][d4 P_[ m_hZ [i lec@[i_Y^jifkdaj Z[h :hX[_j ^[h Wkii[^[d9 Bij [i dujpb_Y^ eZ[hiY^sZb_Y^ \uh c_Y^ eZ[h \uh Z_[ :hX[_j9 P[dd [h [i d_Y^j m[_ii&aWdd [h \hW][d( P[dd [_d F[diY^ bWd][ _d Z[h :hX[_j ][m[i[d_ij& ]_Xj [i fhWaj_iY^ a[_d[ [_dp_][ AWdZbkd]& Z_[ d_Y^j Z_[ :hX[_jX[hu^hj[5 [i ]_Xj a[_d[ kdWX^sd]_][d AWdZbkd][d( Bd Z_[i[hA_di_Y^j _ij cWd d_Y^j \h[_& _d Z[c L_dd[& ZWii cWd d_Y^j jth_Y^jkdZ mW^bbei ^WdZ[bd aWdd( FWd KRPP Z[da[d& X[leh cWd ^Wd'

"")

Z[bj( P[dd cWd d_Y^j i_Y^[h _ij& aWdd cWd \hW][d( =_[i _ij Z_[CGLWGEC F[j^eZ[& c_j Z[h P_bb[ [hp[k]j m[hZ[d aWdd& kdZ \uhZ_[i[ F[j^eZ[ _ij LY^kb'Hh]Wd_iWj_ed dejm[dZ_]( H^d[ LY^kb[aWdd cWd d_Y^ji jkd(

-O?EC# :bi L_[ uX[h P_bb[d ifhWY^[d& iW]j[d L_[& ZWii [i pk[hijZ[h P_bb[ WdZ[h[h E[kj[ kdZ ifsj[h kdi[h [_][d[h P_bb[ i[_( P_[m[hZ[d m_h kdj[h Z[d P_bb[d WdZ[h[h E[kj[ ][bWd][d9

6RPNCLPIV# P[dd L_[ c_j Z[h pm[_j[d kdZ Zh_jj[d E_d_[ ledV:hX[_j _d ;[hu^hkd] aecc[d& aecc[d L_[ dejm[dZ_][hm[_i[c_j Z[c P_bb[d WdZ[h[h _d ;[hu^hkd](

-O?EC# ;[Z[kj[j ZWi Ljeff[d d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[ kdZ Z[h[dqkii[hkd] d_Y^j c[^h eZ[h m[d_][h ZWii[bX[ m_[ ZWi :k\][X[dZ[i >_][di_ddi9

6RPNCLPIV# PWhkc mebb[d L_[ [_d[d LWY^l[h^Wbj _d [_d[d WdhZ[h[d uX[hi[jp[d9 >_][dm_bb[ aWdd WkY^ e^d[ [_d[ X[ij_ccj[O[hX_dZkd] pk d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d l_[b[ ?ehc[d ^WX[d(

-O?EC# >i iY^[_dj c_h& ZWii cWd X[aeccj& mWi cWd ctY^j[&m[dd cWd Z[d >_][dm_bb[d Wk\]_Xj5 ZWii cWd ZWi ][mudiY^j[>h][Xd_i [hp_[bj& _dZ[c cWd Z[d PkdiY^ Wk\]_Xj(

6RPNCLPIV# =Wi _ij d_Y^j >_][dm_bb[( >_][dm_bb[ kc\Wiij d_Y^jWbb[i& mWi L_[ ctY^j[d( P[dd L_[ ^kd]h_] i_dZ kdZ [ii[d mebb[d&ZWdd _ij ZWi a[_d >_][dm_bb[( >_][dm_bb[ ^[_iij lehpkp_[^[d& dWY^[_][d[c @kjZuda[d pk ^WdZ[bd kdZ _d kdi[h[c ?Wbb& d_Y^j Z_[:hX[_j kdZ Z_[ Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h :hX[_j _d ;[jhWY^j pk p_[^[d( P_hifh[Y^[d led Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h :hX[_j kdZ >_][dm_bb[d( P_h atd'd[d =_d][ Wk\ kdi[h[ [_][d[ :hj jkd eZ[h d_Y^j( P[dd c[_d>_][dm_bb[ pkc ;[_if_[b ZW^_d ][^j pk \bkY^[d& kdZ _Y^ ][X[ [iWk\& m[_b [i ][][d Z_[ :hX[_jifh_dp_f_[d l[hijtiij& me i_dZ ZW Z_[[hmudiY^j[d >h][Xd_ii[& led Z[d[d L_[ ifh[Y^[d9P_[ _Y^ pkleh iW]j[& _ij >_][dm_bb[ _cc[h c_j [_][d[d :di_Y^'

j[d l[haduf\j& [_d F[diY^ ]bWkXj _cc[h& [h m_ii[ [jmWi( =Wddaeccj [h pkh LY^kb[ kdZ [ha[ddj& ZWii [h d_Y^ji m[_ii( :kiZ_[i[c @hkdZ _ij OehX[h[_jkd] dtj_] \uh Z_[ LY^kb[( FWd ij[Yaj][mt^db_Y^ lebb[h [_][d[h F[_dkd][d kdZ >_][dm_bb[d( >_][d'm_bb[ _ij m_[ [_d D_dZ& ZWi iW]j& yBY^ m[_ii [i i[bXij5 _Y^ m_bb [ii[bXij cWY^[dz( >_][dm_bb[ ^Wj l_[b[ F[hacWb[( >i m_hZ ][iW]j&

""*

cWd iebb[ [jmWi d_Y^j jkd& kdZ ie\ehj m_bb cWd [i jkd5 [i m_hZ][iW]j& [jmWi i[_ \WbiY^& kdZ ie\ehj iW]j cWd& yG[_d& _Y^ m[_ii [iX[ii[hz( >_d F[diY^& Z[h pk [_d[h LY^kb[ aeccj& ckii X[h[_ji[_d& Z_[ E[^h[d kdZ Z_[ =_ip_fb_d Z[h LY^kb[ pk Wap[fj_[h[d5 [hckii \h[_ i[_d& i_[ pk Wap[fj_[h[d& WdZ[hd\Wbbi m_hZ [h d_Y^jiX[aecc[d( >h aWdd a[_d[d P_bb[d [hm[hX[d& m[dd [h d_Y^j Z[d>_][dm_bb[d Wk\]_Xj5 ][dWkie& m_[ [h a[_d P_ii[d [hm[hX[daWdd& m[dd [h d_Y^j i[_d[ [_][d[d :di_Y^j[d Wk\]_Xj(

-O?EC# FNLL cWd Z[d >_][dm_bb[d i[bXij Xh[Y^[d eZ[h _^dXh[Y^[d bWii[d9

6RPNCLPIV# FWd ckii [i i[bXij jkd& kdZ cWd ckii _^dWkih[_Y^[dZ ][XheY^[d ^WX[d& kc _d [_d[h LY^kb[ pk i[_d( FWdckii Wkih[_Y^[dZ \h[_ ZWled i[_d& kc =_d][ e^d[ [_d[d DWcf\Wap[fj_[h[d pk atdd[d( FWd aWdd d_Y^j Wbb[ Wbj[d :di_Y^j[d kdZF[_dkd][d X[^Wbj[d kdZ d[k[ [hm[hX[d( FWd ckii Wkih[_Y^[dZe\\[d i[_d& kc Z_[ Wbj[d Wk\pk][X[d& pkc_dZ[ij [_d[ S[_j bWd](FWd ckii \s^_] i[_d& Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j led =_ip_fb_d [_dpki['^[d( P_bb[ aWdd d_Y^j [hp[k]j m[hZ[d& m[dd cWd d_Y^j [_d[][m_ii[ =_ip_fb_d Wap[fj_[hj(

6RPNCLPIV# G[^c[d L_[ Wd& [_d F[diY^ muhZ[ ZkhY^ `[cWdZWdZ[h[d X[mkiij ][cWY^j5 [h m_hZ pk [_d[c Bdijhkc[dj _d Z[dAsdZ[d WdZ[h[h( =_[ [_][d[d :dijh[d]kd][d i_dZ dejm[dZ_]&Z[dd iedij m_hZ [_d F[diY^& WkY^ m[dd [h X[mkiij ][cWY^jmkhZ[& d_Y^j _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& i[_d ;[mkiiji[_d Wdpkm[dZ[d( >ib_[]j _d Z[h GWjkh Z[h LWY^[& ZWii ;[mkiiji[_d kdZ P_bb[ d_Y^j][iY^[daj m[hZ[d atdd[d( FWd ckii Wbb[i [haWk\[d5 d_Y^ji m_hZkciedij ][][X[d( =Wi iY^m_[h_]ij[ _ij pk b[hd[d& m_[ cWd X[pW^'b[d aWdd( FWd X[aeccj ][dWk ie l_[b& m_[ cWd X[pW^bj& WX[hm[dd Z_[i _d m[d_][d Pehj[d [habshj m[hZ[d atddj[& XhWkY^j[cWd d_Y^j pkh LY^kb[ pk ][^[d(P[dd L_[ l[hij[^[d& mWi >djm_Yabkd] X[Z[kj[j& m[hZ[d L_[

i[^[d& ZWii Z[h F[diY^ i_Y^ dkh ZkhY^ i[_d[ [_][d[d :dijh[d']kd][d [djm_Ya[bd aWdd( =[h P_bb[ aWdd i_Y^ d_Y^j c[Y^Wd_iY^[djm_Ya[bd5 ;[mkiiji[_d aWdd i_Y^ d_Y^j kdX[mkiij [djm_Ya[bd&[i aWdd d_Y^j Wki d_Y^ji ^[hWki mWY^i[d5 cWd ckii \uh Wbb[i

"#!

X[pW^b[d( =Wi \u^hj kdi m_[Z[h pk LY^kb[d kdZ Z[h ?hW][& mWhkccWd \uh [_d[ LY^kb[ X[h[_j i[_d ckii( FWd ckii i[_d[ L_jkWj_ed[ha[dd[d kdZ X[h[_j i[_d pk X[pW^b[d( C[ c[^h cWd X[h[_j _ij pkX[pW^b[d& Z[ije c[^h [hm_hXj cWd( G_Y^ji aWdd ][iY^[daj m[h'Z[d( =Wii[bX[ ]_bj \uh F_jb[_Z( P[dd cWd [jmWi X[i_jpj kdZ [iiY^[da[d ctY^j[& ie aWdd cWd ZWi d_Y^j( =_[ GWjkh Z[h LWY^[&Z_[ cWd ][X[d ctY^j[& _ij ie X[iY^W\\[d& ZWii Z_[ E[kj[ ZW\uhX[pW^b[d K\PPCL# FWd aWdd i_[ d_Y^j ZWpk l[hWdbWii[d& i_[Wdpkd[^c[d5 i_[ cuii[d i_[ i[^h ijWha mebb[d kdZ X[h[_j i[_d&ZW\uh pk X[pW^b[d( >i ]_Xj a[_d[d WdZ[h[d P[]( Gkh ZWdd aWddi_[ _^h >_][djkc m[hZ[d5 WdZ[h[d\Wbbi _ij i_[ l[hbeh[d(;[pW^b[d _ij [jmWi ltbb_] WdZ[h[i Wbi @[bZ ][X[d eZ[h [jmWi

s^db_Y^[i( ;[pW^b[d _ij [_d Ih_dp_f( @[bZ kdZ =_[dij[ pk ][X[d_ij [_d[ ?hW][ Z[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j( Nd]buYab_Y^[hm[_i[ ]_Xj [i dkhZWi [_d[ Pehj y;[pW^b[dz& ie ZWii [i _d kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[c L_ddl[hmWdZj m[hZ[d ckii( ;[pW^b[d c_j @[bZ ^sd]j ^WkfjisY^b_Y^lec O[hijsdZd_i WX& j[_bm[_i[ led Z[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j( =_[ WdZ[h[;[pW^bkd] _ij m_Y^j_][h& kdZ cWd ckii l[hij[^[d& ZWii i_[ kdX['Z_d]j dejm[dZ_] _ij(

-O?EC# BY^ c[ha[& ZWii _Y^ \uh kdc_jj[bXWh[ >h][Xd_ii[ WhX[_'j[& d_Y^j ZW\uh& Wk\pkmWY^[d( Bij ZWi [_d \WbiY^[i S_[b9

6RPNCLPIV# >i _ij ^_[h a[_d[ ?hW][ led h_Y^j_] kdZ \WbiY^5 [i][^j b[Z_]b_Y^ ZWhkc& B^h S_[b pk a[dd[d( =Wi S_[b ckii _cc[h_d Z[h @[][dmWhj b_[][d kdZ i_Y^ Wk\ Z_[ Skakd\j X[p_[^[d(

-O?EC# =[h O[hikY^& c[_d S_[b pk Z[\_d_[h[d& ^Wj c_h ][p[_]j&ZWii _Y^ d_Y^j m[_ii& mWi [i _ij kdZ ZWii _Y^ [i ^[hWki\_dZ[d ckii&X[leh _Y^ m[_j[haecc[d aWdd(

6RPNCLPIV# BY^ \uhY^j[& L_[ Z[da[d dkh Wk\ [_d[ WXijhWaj[ :hjZWhuX[h dWY^( Lj[bb[d i_[ i_Y^ [_d\WY^ leh& L_[ ]_d][d _d [_d]heii[i @[iY^s\j c_j l_[b[d l[hiY^_[Z[d[d :Xj[_bkd][d( L_[ cui'i[d m_ii[d& mWi L_[ aWk\[d mebb[d( P_[ atdd[d L_[ [jmWi X['aecc[d& m[dd L_[ d_Y^j m_ii[d& mWi L_[ mebb[d9 :k\ Z_[i[ :hjcuii[d m_h ZWi IheXb[c Wd][^[d( =_[ [hij[ ?hW][ _ij4 =?P

mebb[d L_[9 P[dd L_[ Z_[i [_dcWb m_ii[d& m_hZ Z_[ dsY^ij[ ?hW][bWkj[d4 Ee^dj [i i_Y^& ZW\uh pk X[pW^b[d kdZ ^WX[d L_[ ][dk]@[bZ9 :X[h Z_[ [hij[ ?hW][ _ij4 yPWi9z

"#"

;[pW^bkd] _ij [_d i[^h m_Y^j_][i Ih_dp_f _d Z[h :hX[_j kdZ [ickii l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[d& ZWii i_[ WXiebkj dejm[dZ_] _ij( H^d[;[pW^bkd] atdd[d L_[ d_Y^ji X[aecc[d5 kdZ L_[ atdd[d dkh iel_[b X[aecc[d& m_[ L_[ X[pW^b[d ' d_Y^j c[^h(Bd I[j[hiXkh] mkhZ[ Z_[ ?hW][ ][ij[bbj4 yP[dd cWd c[^h kdZ

c[^h kdZ c[^h X[pW^bj& iekdZie l_[b& aWdd cWd [jmWi X[aec'c[d9z =Wi X[Z[kj[j Hf\[h( :X[h [i ZWh\ d_Y^j pk l_[b >_][dm_bb[ZW i[_d& d_Y^j [_dcWb _d X[pk] Wk\ Hf\[h(

-O?EC# Dtdd[d m_h _d kdi[h[c ][][dmshj_][d SkijWdZ X[kh'j[_b[d& mWi [_d[ cehWb_iY^[ AWdZbkd] _ij9

6RPNCLPIV# >i _ij i[^h b[_Y^j& ?[^b[h pk cWY^[d& WX[h ]b[_Y^'p[_j_] atdd[d m_h Z_[i X[khj[_b[d( P_h X[]_dd[d [hij( C[ ]htii[hkdi[h[ Dedjhebb[& Z[ije ]htii[h kdi[h ;[mkiiji[_d4 kdZ ;[mkiij'i[_d _d Z_[i[c L_dd[ kc\Wiij P_bb[d( Bd kdi[h[c ][mt^db_Y^[dSkijWdZ& e^d[ Dedjhebb[& atdd[d m_h dkh uX[h ^[hatccb_Y^[FehWb ifh[Y^[d& WX[h m[dd m_h [_d_][ Dedjhebb[ ^WX[d& m[hZ[dm_h l[hWdjmehjb_Y^[h( C[ kdX[mkiij[h m_h i_dZ& Z[ije c[^h ct'][d kdi[h[ AWdZbkd][d _c P_Z[hifhkY^ pkh FehWb ij[^[d( :k\`[Z[d ?Wbb _ij Z_[ [hij[ ;[Z_d]kd] \uh cehWb_iY^[i AWdZ[bd& ZWii[i X[mkiij i[_d ckii(

"##

$)+'5-7) #)*:,/)

#37/ )>7;2/:/ /3731/9 ./9 (/./7 <7. )-2930;/7 ' " &<:8/7:4>:?,/9 .+: *2/6+ %/1+;3=/ $/0?25/

"#$

&138135

Ndi[h :ki]Wd]ifkdaj _d Z_[i[h Lodj^[i[ _ij& ZWii _c ][mt^db_'Y^[d E[X[d Wbb[i& mWi m_h D\FJCL! [_d][X_bZ[j _ij& kdZ ZWii [i&WkY^ m[dd [i d_Y^j kdc_jj[bXWh kdWd][d[^c _ij& `[Z[d :k][d'Xb_Ya ZWpk d[_]j& ie pk m[hZ[d( S_[b Z[h Lodj^[i[ _ij pk p[_][d&ZWv [i F[j^eZ[d ]_Xj& l_[b[ Z_[i[h [_d][X_bZ[j[d kdZ d[]Wj_l[d@[\u^b[ iY^d[bb pk h[Zkp_[h[d5 Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d& Z_[ c[_ij[d led_^d[d iY^h_jjm[_i[ pk X[i[_j_][d& kdZ [dj\[hdj[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d&kdi[h[ [_d][X_bZ[j[d kdZ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ ZkhY^ h[Wb[ kdZfei_j_l[ @[\u^b[ pk [hi[jp[d( =_[ Lodj^[i[ ijWccj Wki kdl[ht\'\[djb_Y^j[d K[Z[d kdZ LY^h_\j[d I(=(Hkif[diaoi c_j :kidW^'c[ m[d_][h ;[]h_\\iX[iY^h[_Xkd][d& Z_[ Z[h fh_lWj ][ZhkYaj[d:ki]WX[ i[_d[h 7PVAFMJMEGPAFCL <MOJCPRLECL! +3-.'.*& [djdec'c[d mkhZ[d( Le m[_j m_[ ct]b_Y^ ' kdZ ZWi ^[_iij X[_dW^[_cc[h ' i_dZ Hkif[diaoi jWjisY^b_Y^[ Pehj[ l[hm[dZ[j mehZ[d(;[_ qdZ[hkd][d& Z_[ dejm[d_] mWh[d& kc ZWi FWj[h_Wb _d kd]['XheY^[d[h ?ehc ZWhpkX_[j[d& mkhZ[ ZWhWk\ ][WY^j[j& Hki'f[diaoi :di_Y^j[d d_Y^j pk l[hp[hh[d eZ[h _h][dZm[bY^[ :ki'iY^cuYakd][d ^_dpkpk\u][d(

"#%

Bd^Wbj

=?P KGQ ^LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJCL_ ECKCGLQ GPQ " 5MQTCLBGEICGQ! BCL LCE?QGSCL

.CD\FJCL WR TGBCOPQCFCL " 5RQWJMPGEICGQ BCO LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJC " 5CE?QGSC

.CD\FJC I[LLCL LGAFQ IMLQOMJJGCOQ TCOBCL " 5CE?QGSC .CD\FJC PGLB I\LPQJGAF

RLB CGLEC@GJBCQ " =GO OCAFQDCOQGECL RLPCOC LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJC " ;LSMJJPQZL"

BGEICGQ BCP KCLPAFJGAFCL =CPCLP " +CO 4CLPAF GPQ Q?QPZAFJGAF CGLC 4?PAFGLC

" +GC SGCO )CTRPPQPCGLPEO?BC " +GC /?RNQDRLIQGMLCL GK 4CLPAFCL "

)CM@?AFQRLE BCO -RLIQGMLCL& >GCJ RLB =COQPAFZQWRLE " 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL ?JP

4GQQCJ! RK KGQ LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJCL WR IZKNDCL " (JJC LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJC PGLB

PAFJCAFQ RLB CGL >CGAFCL SML 9AFTZAFC " 5CE?QGSC .CD\FJC I[LLCL WRK

<MOQCGJ WCOPQ[OQ TCOBCL " .O\LBC LCE?QGSCO .CD\FJC JGCECL GL RLP! LGAFQ GL

?RPPCOCL ;KPQZLBCL T 0LTGCTCGQ LCE?QGSC .CD\FJC ECD\FJQ TCOBCL! @CORFQ ?RD

RLPCOCK CGECLCL >RPQ?LB " 3CGBCL ?L PGAF ICGL LCE?QGSCP .CD\FJ " 5MQTCL"

BGEICGQ! PGAF SML LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJCL ?LBCOCO 3CRQC WR GPMJGCOCL " +GC KCGPQCL

LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJC SCOPAFTGLBCL! TCLL K?L PGC LGAFQ OCAFQDCOQGEQ " 2ZKNDCL

9GC WRCOPQ KGQ ,GL@GJBRLE RLB 0BCLQGDGI?QGML " 5CE?QGSC ,GL@GJBRLE KRPP

SMJJPQZLBGE ECPQMNNQ TCOBCL " 2?KND KGQ BCK (RPBORAI LCE?QGSCO .CD\FJC

RLQCOPAFCGBCQ PGAF SMK 2?KND KGQ BCL LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJCL PCJ@PQ " 2?KND

KGQ BCK (RPBO\AICL KRPP ?L COPQCO 9QCJJC PQCFCL " 2J?PPGDGWGCOCL LCE?QGSCO

.CD\FJC " <MO@COCGQRLE BROAF OGAFQGECP +CLICL " )CGPNGCJ CGLCP 4CLPAFCL!

BCO 9GC OCGWQ " +OCG 2?QCEMOGCL LCE?QGSCO .CD\FJC " 9QRBGRK BCP 4CLPAFCL!

TGC CO BROAF LCE?QGSC .CD\FJC SCOBMO@CL TCOBCL I?LL " =GAFQGEICGQ BCO

OGAFQGECL ,GLPQCJJRLE " 8GAFQGECP +CLICL " >R QRL JCOLCL! T?P K[EJGAF GPQ "

.CB?LICLIO?DQ ?JP 4CQFMBC! KGQ LCE?QGSCL .CD\FJCL WR @CIZKNDCL " (LBCOP

BCLICL& JZLECOC .CB?LICL " .CTMFLQC (PPMWG?QGMLCL RLB LCRC .CPGAFQP"

NRLIQC " (RDJCRAFQCL SML <COPQCFCL " =?FOLCFKRLECL ?@FZLEGE SMK

)CTRPPQPCGLPEO?B " 8GAFQGEC ,GLPQCJJRLE ?JP CGLC =?DDC ECECL LCE?QGSC .C"

D\FJC " 5MQTCLBGEICGQ D\O PMTMFJ NMPGQGSC TGC LCE?QGSC ,GLPQCJJRLECL CLQPNOC"

AFCLB BCO 9GQR?QGML " 4?LECJ ?L <COPQCFCL JGCEQ ?L D?JPAFCO ,GLPQCJJRLE "

5CE?QGSC ,GLPQCJJRLE ECECL\@CO SGCJCL +GLECL GK 3C@CL LMQTCLBGE! ?@CO

NMPGQGSC ,GLPQCJJRLE ECECL\@CO BGCPCO (O@CGQ RLCOJZPPJGAF " ,GLPQCJJRLE RL?@"

FZLEGE SML .CD\FJ " ,GLPQCJJRLE I?LL ECZLBCOQ TCOBCL " =COQPAFZQWRLE

"#&

=[h ;[]h_\\ yd[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[z c[_dj Wbb[ @[\u^b[ Z[h @[mWbjeZ[h =[fh[ii_ed4 L[bXijc_jb[_Z& qh][h& :h]me^d& ?khY^j& O[h'Zhkii& EWd][m[_b[& F_iijhWk[d& >_\[hikY^j kdZ ie m[_j[h( @['mt^db_Y^ Wap[fj_[hj cWd Z[d :kiZhkYa d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[ Wbiltbb_] dWjuhb_Y^ kdZ ie]Wh dejm[dZ_]( L[^h ^sk\_] d[ddj cWd _^dyH\\[d^[_jz( GWjuhb_Y^ ^Wj [h d_Y^ji c_j H\\[d^[_j pk jkd5 [h _ijb[Z_]b_Y^ [_d S[_Y^[d led LY^msY^[ _c F[diY^[d& [_d S[_Y^[diY^b[Y^j[h EWkd[ kdZ Z[h Nd\s^_]a[_j& i[_d[ ;[iY^m[hZ[d \uhi_Y^ pk X[^Wbj[d( =[h F[diY^ [ha[ddj Z_[i& m[dd [h Z[c pkm_Z[hij[^[d l[hikY^j& kdZ b[hdj ^_[hWki [_d[ WdZ[h[ E[aj_ed( >h[ha[ddj& ZWii [i _d X[pk] Wk\ c[Y^Wd_iY^[ K[Waj_ed[d d_Y^jh[_Y^j& i_[ pk X[eXWY^j[d& [i _ij dejm[dZ_]& _^d[d pk m_Z[hij['^[d& Z[dd e^d[ _^d[d pk m_Z[hij[^[d& aWdd cWd i_[ d_Y^jX[eXWY^j[d( L_[ ][iY^[^[d ie iY^d[bb& ie ][me^d^[_jicsii_] kdZie kdc[hab_Y^& ZWii cWd i_[ d_Y^j X[c[ha[d aWdd& m[dd cWdd_Y^j Wkih[_Y^[dZ[ :dijh[d]kd][d kdj[hd_ccj( P_Z[hijsdZ[ \uhi_[ pk iY^W\\[d(=_[i[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ i_dZ [_d[ iY^h[Yab_Y^[ >hiY^[_dkd](

L_[ d[^c[d [_d[d [dehc[d KWkc _d kdi[h[c E[X[d [_d( Oedl_[b[d E[kj[d aWdd cWd iW][d& ZWii _^h ]Wdp[i E[X[d ledd[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d h[]kb_[hj& aedjhebb_[hj kdZ b[jpjb_Y^ hk_d_[hjm_hZ( @b[_Y^p[_j_] if_[b[d d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ _d kdi[h[c E[X[duX[h^Wkfj a[_d[ dujpb_Y^[ Kebb[( L_[ Z_[d[d d_Y^j kdi[h[h Hh_[d'j_[hkd]& i_[ l[hc_jj[bd kdi a[_d P_ii[d& i_[ b[_j[d kdi _d a[_d[hl[hdud\j_][d P[_i[( Bc @[][dj[_b& i_[ l[hZ[hX[d Wbb kdi[h O[h']du][d& i_[ cWY^[d kdi ZWi E[X[d pkh EWij& kdZ i_[ l[h^_dZ[hdi[^h [\\[aj_l kdi[h[ ct]b_Y^[ >djm_Yabkd]& Z[dd [i ]_Xj d_Y^jiF[Y^Wd_iY^[h[i _d kdi[h[c E[X[d Wbi d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[(G[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ atdd[d d_[cWbi kdj[h kdi[h[ Dedjhebb[

aecc[d( E[kj[& Z_[ Z[da[d& i_[ atddj[d _^h[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[X[^[hhiY^[d kdZ i_[ p[_][d& m[dd i_[ [i mebb[d& jskiY^[d i_Y^[_d\WY^ i[bXij(

"#(

G[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ X[hk^[d Wk\ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed$& m[dd _d [_d[cX[iedZ[h[d ?Wbb Z_[ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed p[hijthj m_hZ& l[hiY^m_dZ[di_[( =[h i[bjiWcij[ kdZ \WdjWij_iY^ij[ NcijWdZ Wd d[]Wj_l[d@[\u^b[d _ij Z[h& ZWii Z_[ E[kj[ i_[ mW^h^W\j_] WdX[j[d( =WiiY^m_[h_]ij[& mWi [_d ][mt^db_Y^[h& c[Y^Wd_iY^[h F[diY^ [h'a[dd[d aWdd& _ij& ZWii i[_d[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ kdZ Z_[ WdZ[h[hE[kj[ uX[h^Wkfj a[_d[d P[hj ^WX[d kdZ d_Y^ji >Zb[i& d_Y^jiLY^td[i eZ[h LjWha[i [dj^Wbj[d( Bd PW^h^[_j X[_d^Wbj[d d[]Wj_l[@[\u^b[ d_Y^ji Wbi LY^msY^[ kdZ i[^h e\j Z[d ;[]_dd led Aoij['h_[& DhWda^[_j eZ[h O[hXh[Y^[d( =Wi [_dp_] @kj[ Wd _^d[d _ij&ZWii i_[ e^d[ O[hbkij p[hijthj m[hZ[d atdd[d& ZW i_[ ltbb_]dkjpbei kdZ audijb_Y^ Wki >_dX_bZkd] kdZ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed ][iY^W\'\[d i_dZ ' kdZ Z_[i _ij Z_[ [_dp_][ <^WdY[& Z_[ Z[h F[diY^ ^Wj&_^d[d pk [djaecc[d(Bd P_hab_Y^a[_j ^WX[d m_h l_[b c[^h FWY^j uX[h d[]Wj_l[

@[\u^b[& Wbi m_h ]bWkX[d& X[iedZ[hi m[dd m_h X[h[_ji m_ii[d& m_[][\s^hb_Y^ i_[ i_dZ& kdZ m_[ Zh_d][dZ dejm[dZ_] [i _ij c_j _^d[dpk ascf\[d( :X[h m_h \_dZ[d pk l_[b[ >djiY^kbZ_]kd][d \uh i_[kdZ iY^m_cc[d _d [_d[c F[[h led L[bXijc_jb[_Z eZ[h L[bXij'ikY^j& m_[ [i ][hWZ[ i[_d cW]& kdZ [djZ[Ya[d ?[^b[h Wd Wbb[cWkii[h Wd kdi i[bXij(

$yBZ[dj_\_p_[h[dz eZ[h yBZ[dj_\_aWj_edz _ij [_d c[hamuhZ_][h SkijWdZ& _d Z[c Z[hF[diY^ kd][\s^h Z_[ Asb\j[ i[_d[i E[X[di l[hXh_d]j& ms^h[dZ Z_[ WdZ[h[ Asb\j[ _dlebbijsdZ_][c LY^bW\ pk][XhWY^j m_hZ( >h _Z[dj_\_p_[hj i_Y^ c_j Wbb[c4 c_j Z[c& mWi [hiW]j& mWi [h \u^bj& mWi [h ]bWkXj& mWi [h d_Y^j ]bWkXj& mWi [h mudiY^j& mWi [h d_Y^jmudiY^j& mWi _^d Wdp_[^j& mWi _^d WXijtiij( :bb[i m_hZ CO! eZ[h X[ii[h& CO m_hZ CP# >hm_hZ pk Wbb[c& mWi [h cW]& kdZ mWi [h WXb[^dj( =Wi X[Z[kj[j& ZWii Z[h F[diY^ _cSkijWdZ Z[h BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kd\s^_] _ij& i_Y^ ][iedZ[hj lec HX`[aj i[_d[h BZ[dj_\_'aWj_ed pk i[^[d( >i msh[ iY^m[h& WkY^ dkh ZWi Db[_dij[ pk \_dZ[d& c_j Z[c Z[hF[diY^ i_Y^ d_Y^j _Z[dj_\_p_[h[d atddj[( @b[_Y^p[_j_] ^Wj Z[h F[diY^ _d [_d[cSkijWdZ Z[h BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed ie]Wh deY^ m[d_][h Dedjhebb[ uX[h i[_d[ c[Y^Wd_iY^[dK[Waj_ed[d Wbi pk `[Z[h WdZ[h[d S[_j( BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed& _^h[ ;[Z[kjkd]& NhiWY^[d kdZP_hakd][d& m_hZ skii[hij ]kj _d =OGQGLEP DOMK QFC 7FGJMI?JG? led >( DWZbekXeliaokdZ @( >( IWbc[h& EedZed +3/+& L( --2& IWh( -. ' 0& X[iY^h_[X[d(

"#)

;[leh m[_j[h[i uX[h d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ ][iW]j m[hZ[d aWdd&iebbj[d m_h ]Wdp akhp Z_[ ]hkdZb[][dZ[ Oehij[bbkd] h[aWf_jkb_['h[d& Wk\ Z[h kdi[h LjkZ_kc Z[i F[diY^[d ]hudZ[j( =[h F[diY^&m_[ m_h _^d a[dd[d& _ij a[_d lebbijsdZ_][i P[i[d5 Z_[ GWjkh[djm_Ya[bj _^d X_i pk [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d Ikdaj kdZ uX[hbsiij [iZWdd _^c& i_Y^ [djm[Z[h Wki i[_d[d [_][d[d :dijh[d]kd][d kdZF_jj[bd m[_j[h pk [djm_Ya[bd eZ[h ie pk b[X[d kdZ pk ij[hX[d&m_[ [h ][Xeh[d mehZ[d _ij( =[h F[diY^ iY^h[_Xj i_Y^ l_[b[Dhs\j[& ?s^_]a[_j[d kdZ >_][diY^W\j[d pk& Z_[ _^c d_Y^j ][^t'h[d& kdZ Z_[ _^c d_[cWbi ][^th[d m[hZ[d& [^[ [h i_Y^ d_Y^j pk[_d[c \[hj_][d P[i[d [djm_Ya[bj ^Wj( =[h F[diY^ [ha[ddj d_Y^j&ZWii [h _d P_hab_Y^a[_j [_d[ FWiY^_d[ _ij& e^d[ kdWX^sd]_][;[m[]kd][d& Z_[ ZkhY^ skii[h[ >_d\buii[ _d @Wd] ][i[jpj m_hZ(=_[ m_Y^j_]ij[ Z[h JkWb_jsj[d& Z_[ Z[h F[diY^ i_Y^ pkiY^h[_Xj&WX[h d_Y^j X[i_jpj& _ij ;[mkiiji[_d( F_j ;[mkiiji[_d c[_d[d m_h[_d[ X[iedZ[h[ :hj led @[mW^hi[_d _c F[diY^[d& @[mW^hi[_di[_d[h i[bXij& @[mW^hi[_d Z[ii[d& mWi [h _ij& mWi [h \u^bj eZ[hZ[daj eZ[h mWi [h _c :k][dXb_Ya _ij( L_[ cuii[d ZWhWd Z[da[d&ZWii Z[h F[diY^ d_Y^j Z_[ ]Wdp[ S[_j uX[h ]b[_Y^csii_] X[mkiij_ij& kdZ ZWii m_h& [djifh[Y^[dZ Z[h :hj& Wk\ Z_[ m_h Z[d F[d'iY^[d ijkZ_[h[d& X[huYai_Y^j_][d& ZWii [h Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j pk l_[h;[mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[d ^Wj( =_[i[ i_dZ4 9AFJ?D! =?AFWRPQ?LB

MBCO OCJ?QGSCP )CTRPPQPCGL! BCO BOGQQC )CTRPPQPCGLPWRPQ?LB MBCO

9CJ@PQ@CTRPPQPCGL kdZ BCO SGCOQC )CTRPPQPCGLPWRPQ?LB MBCO M@HCI"

QGSCP )CTRPPQPCGL! WX[h _c ][mt^db_Y^[d E[X[d m[_ii Z[h F[diY^d_Y^ji lec eX`[aj_l[d ;[mkiiji[_d& kdZ a[_d[ >nf[h_c[dj[ _dZ_[i[h K_Y^jkd] i_dZ ct]b_Y^( MWjisY^b_Y^ b[Xj Z[h F[diY^ dkh _dpm[_ SkijsdZ[d4 >_d[d M[_b i[_d[i E[X[di l[hXh_d]j [h _c LY^bW\kdZ Z[d WdZ[h[d _d Z[c& Z[h PWY^pkijWdZ ][dWddj m_hZ& eX'me^b [h i_Y^ _d P_hab_Y^a[_j dkh i[^h m[d_] lec LY^bW\ kdj[h'iY^[_Z[j( P[dd m_h led ;[mkiiji[_d ifh[Y^[d& X[p_[^[d m_h kdiZW^[h Wk\ [_d[d SkijWdZ ]htii[h[d ;[mkiiji[_di Wbi kdi[h[d][mt^db_Y^[d PWY^pkijWdZ( P_h ^WX[d a[_d[ A[hhiY^W\j uX[hZ_[i[d SkijWdZ& WX[h m_h ^WX[d [_d[ ][m_ii[ Dedjhebb[ uX[h Z_[

#

"#*

:hj& m_[ m_h ZWhuX[h Z[da[d& kdZ m_h atdd[d kdi[h =[da[dZ[h][ijWbj Wk\XWk[d& ZWii [i ;[mkiiji[_d Xh_d]j( BdZ[c m_hkdi[h[d @[ZWda[d [_d[ K_Y^jkd] ][X[d& Z_[ i_[ _d [_d[c :k][d'Xb_Ya Z[i ;[mkiiji[_di ^sjj[d& atdd[d m_h ;[mkiiji[_d ^[hlehhk'\[d( =_[i[ IhWaj_a d[dd[d m_h 9CJ@PQ",OGLLCOL# P[_j[h^_d ifhWY^[d m_h _d X[pk] Wk\ kdi[h LjkZ_kc Z[i F[d'

iY^[d led Z[h Gejm[dZ_]a[_j& Z_[ l_[h AWkfj\kdaj_ed[d Z[hc[diY^b_Y^[d FWiY^_d[ pk l[hij[^[d ' =[da[d& ?u^b[d& ;[m[']kd]& Bdij_daj ' kdZ pk l[hikY^[d& Z_[ JkWb_jsjikdj[hiY^_[Z[_^h[h FWd_\[ijWj_ed _d `[Z[c Z[h Zh[_ ;[mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[ pkX[eXWY^j[d( :bb[ l_[h ?kdaj_ed[d atdd[d i_Y^ _c LY^bW\ cWd_\['ij_[h[d& WX[h _^h[ FWd_\[ijWj_ed[d i_dZ \buY^j_] kdZ kdpkl[hbsi'i_]5 i_[ atdd[d _d a[_d[h P[_i[ X[dkjpj m[hZ[d& i_[ bWk\[d ledWbb[_d[ WX( Bc SkijWdZ Z[i h[bWj_l[d ;[mkiiji[_di eZ[h PWY^pk'ijWdZi atdd[d i_[ _d [_d[c ][m_ii[d :kicWii kdi[h[h Hh_[dj_['hkd] Z_[d[d( B^h[ >h][Xd_ii[ atdd[d l[h]b_Y^[d& uX[hfhu\j& _dh_Y^j_][ HhZdkd] ][XhWY^j m[hZ[d& kdZ eXme^b i_[ l_[b[ Bbbki_e'd[d [hp[k][d atdd[d& ^WX[d m_h _d kdi[h[c ][][dmshj_][dSkijWdZ d_Y^ji WdZ[h[i kdZ cuii[d ZWi ;[ij[ Wki _^d[d cWY^[d(P[dd m_h Z_[ F[d][ \WbiY^[h ;[eXWY^jkd][d& \WbiY^[h M^[e'h_[d& \WbiY^[h LY^buii[ kdZ :Xb[_jkd][d a[dd[d muhZ[d& Z_[ _dZ_[i[c SkijWdZ ][cWY^j m[hZ[d& muhZ[d m_h ]Wdp kdZ ]WhWkb^th[d& kdi pk ]bWkX[d( :X[h Z_[ F[diY^[d [ha[dd[d d_Y^j&m_[ jhu][h_iY^ _^h[ ;[eXWY^jkd][d kdZ _^h[ M^[eh_[d i[_d atd'd[d& kdZ i_[ ]bWkX[d m[_j[h^_d Wd i_[( @[hWZ[ Z_[i ^sbj Z[dF[diY^[d ZWled WX& Z_[ i[bj[d[d :k][dXb_Ya[ pk X[eXWY^j[d&m[dd _^h[ ?kdaj_ed[d i_Y^ _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j LY^_cc[hd Z[iZh_jj[d ;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ[i eZ[h L[bXijX[mkiiji[_di cWd_\['ij_[h[d(?kdaj_ed[d pk X[eXWY^j[d& _ij [_d[ bWd][ :hX[_j( FWd ckii

\uh `[Z[ pW^bh[_Y^[ ;[_if_[b[ \_dZ[d( ;[_c LjkZ_kc X[]_dd[d m_hpk l[hij[^[d& ZWii m_h d_Y^j Wbb[i Wk\ Z[hi[bX[d >X[d[ ijkZ_[h[datdd[d& ZWii m_h kdi d_Y^j i[bXij kdX[\Wd][d X[eXWY^j[d atd'd[d( P_h i[^[d kdm[_][hb_Y^& ZWii [_d_][ ?kdaj_ed[d lec @['

$ L[bXij'>h_dd[hd m_hZ _d (RD BCO 9RAFC L?AF BCK =RLBCO@?OCL led I(=(Hkif[d'iao& ;[hd& FudY^[d& P_[d +300& L( +02 \\( X[iY^h_[X[d(

"$!

i_Y^jifkdaj kdi[h[i S_[bi Wki h_Y^j_] kdZ WdZ[h[ kd[hmudiY^ji_dZ( NdZ m_h cuii[d [_d S_[b ^WX[d& iedij aWdd a[_d LjkZ_kc_h][dZm[bY^[ >h][Xd_ii[ Xh_d][d( P[dd m_h [ha[dd[d& ZWii m_hiY^bW\[d& _ij ZWi S_[b Wk\pkmWY^[d5 m[dd m_h [ha[dd[d& ZWii m_hFWiY^_d[d i_dZ& _ij ZWi S_[b& Wk\pk^th[d FWiY^_d[d pk i[_d(P[dd m_h X[mkiij[h i[_d mebb[d& cuii[d m_h ZWhuX[h dWY^Z[d'a[d& mWi kdi ZWled WX^sbj& kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd( :biecuii[d m_h [_d[ X[ij_ccj[ P[hjkd] Z[h ?kdaj_ed[d led Z[c@[i_Y^jifkdaj Wki [_d\u^h[d& eX i_[ \uh ZWi L[bXij'>h_dd[hddujpb_Y^ eZ[h iY^sZb_Y^ i_dZ(P[dd L_[ [_d[ [hdij^W\j[ :dijh[d]kd] kdj[hd[^c[d& ?kda'

j_ed[d kc _^h[h i[bXij m_bb[d pk X[eXWY^j[d& m[hZ[d L_[ >_d[i[ha[dd[d( L_[ m[hZ[d [ha[dd[d& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ \uh ][mt^db_Y^ X[_Wbb[c& mWi L_[ jkd& X[_ Wbb[c& mWi L_[ Z[da[d& X[_ Wbb[c& mWi L_[\u^b[d& d_Y^j B^h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd( @b[_Y^p[_j_] m[hZ[d L_[ c[h'a[d& ZWii L_[& m[dd L_[ \uh [_d[ Wkih[_Y^[dZ bWd][ S[_j ][du][d'Z[ :dijh[d]kd][d kdj[hd[^c[d& B^h[ ?s^_]a[_j pkc L[bXij'>h_dd[hd ij[_][hd atdd[d( L_[ m[hZ[d X[]_dd[d& i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij^sk\_][h kdZ j_[\[h pk [h_dd[hd5 L_[ m[hZ[d X[]_dd[d& i_Y^ B^h[hi[bXij _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j c[^h BZ[[d pk [h_dd[hd& m_[ Z[h BZ[[Z[i ;[mkiiji[_di& Z[h BZ[[ Z[h :hX[_j kdZ Z[h BZ[[ Z[i L[bXij'ijkZ_kci(=_[ ?hW][ _ij4 P_[ iebb[d m_h kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij [h_dd[hd& m_[

iebb[d m_h kdi kdi[h[h i[bXij ][mW^h[h m[hZ[d9P[dd L_[ [hdij^W\j uX[h d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ dWY^Z[da[d& m[h'

Z[d L_[ c[ha[d& ZWii i_[ Z_[ AWkfj\Wajeh[d i_dZ& Z_[ kdi WcL[bXij'>h_dd[hd ^_dZ[hd( :bie aWdd ZWi >_d[ d_Y^j e^d[ ZWi:dZ[h[ ][^[d( L_[ atdd[d a[_d[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ X[ascf\[d&e^d[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij c[^h pk [h_dd[hd& kdZ L_[ atdd[d i_Y^B^h[h i[bXij d_Y^j c[^h [h_dd[hd& e^d[ c_j d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d pkascf\[d(

"$"

Nc Z[d DWcf\ c_j d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d Wk\pkd[^c[d& ckii cWdpkWbb[h[hij [ha[dd[d& ZWii [i a[_d [_dp_][i dujpb_Y^[i d[]Wj_l[i@[\u^b ]_Xj( G[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ i_dZ Wbb[ ]b[_Y^ uX[b kdZ [_dS[_Y^[d led LY^msY^[( :bi dsY^ij[i cuii[d m_h [ha[dd[d& ZWiim_h c_j _^d[d ascf\[d I[LLCL! ZWii i_[ X[i_[]j kdZ p[hijthjm[hZ[d atdd[d& m[_b [i a[_d m_hab_Y^[i S[djhkc \uh i_[ ]_Xj(P[dd [i [_d m_hab_Y^[i S[djhkc \uh i_[ ]sX[& ^sjj[d m_h a[_d[<^WdY[5 m_h Xb_[X[d \uh _cc[h _d Z[h @[mWbj d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[(Sk kdi[h[c @buYa [n_ij_[h[d i_[ _d [_d[c audijb_Y^[d S[djhkc&ZWi p[hijthj kdZ Wk\][][X[d m[hZ[d aWdd& kdZ ZWdd m[hZ[d m_hkdi l_[b X[ii[h \u^b[d5 WX[h m_h ^WX[d ie l_[b[ rX[hp[k]kd][d&Oehkhj[_b[ kdZ ie]Wh Ih_dp_f_[d ^_[huX[h& ZWii [i iY^m[h _ij& i_Y^led Z[h Oehij[bbkd] pk X[\h[_[d& d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ i[_[d dejm[d'Z_] kdZ eXb_]Wjeh_iY^( LebWd][ m_h ]bWkX[d& ZWii i_[ dejm[dZ_]&kdl[hc[_Zb_Y^ kdZ \uh Z[d L[bXijWkiZhkYa kdZ l_[b[i WdZ[h[dujpb_Y^ i[_[d& atdd[d m_h d_Y^ji Wkih_Y^j[d( >_d ][m_ii[h ][_ij_'][h DWcf\ _ij dejm[dZ_]& kc pk [ha[dd[d& ZWii d[]Wj_l[ >ce'j_ed[d ltbb_] kddujp i_dZ& ZWii i_[ a[_d[ XhWkY^XWh[ ?kdaj_ed _dkdi[h[c E[X[d ^WX[d kdZ ZWii ZeY^ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] ZWi ]Wdp[E[X[d Wk\ _^d[d X[hk^j( @[dWk Z_[i [ha[ddj d_[cWdZ(>_d[ Z[h ijshaij[d Bbbki_ed[d _ij Z[h @bWkX[& d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[

muhZ[d led skii[h[d NcijsdZ[d X[m_haj& kdZ m_h ifh[Y^[dZWled& yWki [_d[c ltbb_] ][h[Y^j[d @hkdZz sh][hb_Y^ pk i[_d&WX[h Wbb[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ i_dZ _d kdi& GL RLPCOCK 0LLCOCL#

;[leh m_h c_j _^d[d pk ascf\[d X[]_dd[d atdd[d& cuii[d m_h[ha[dd[d& ZWii [i a[_d[ X[h[Y^j_]j[d @hudZ[ ]_Xj& sh][hb_Y^ pki[_d( P_h ]bWkX[d ' kdZ m_h ]bWkX[d [i ][hd[ ' ZWii kdi[h[d[]Wj_l[d >cej_ed[d [djm[Z[h ZkhY^ Z[d ?[^b[h WdZ[h[h E[kj[eZ[h ZkhY^ Z[d ?[^b[h Z[h NcijsdZ[ X[m_haj m[hZ[d( =Wi _ij[_d[ Bbbki_ed( F[_d qh][h b_[]j d_Y^j _c :dbWii& iedZ[hd _d c_h(B^h qh][h b_[]j d_Y^j _c :dbWii& [h _ij _d B^d[d( =_[ @hudZ[ \uhd[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ b_[][d d_Y^j _d skii[h[d :dbsii[d& i_[ b_[][d _dkdi i[bXij( >i ]_Xj WXiebkj a[_d[d [_dp_][d kdl[hc[_ZXWh[d@hkdZ& mWhkc Z_[ AWdZbkd] [_d[i WdZ[h[d eZ[h ][m_ii[ Nc'

"$#

ijsdZ[ d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ _d c_h fheZkp_[h[d iebbj[d( >i _ij Wbb[_dc[_d[ LY^msY^[(P[dd L_[ i_Y^ i[bXij X[eXWY^j[d& m[hZ[d L_[ i[^[d& ZWii Z_[

skii[h[d @hudZ[& eXme^b i_[ Z_[i[bX[d Xb[_X[d& cWdY^cWb d[]W'j_l[ @[\u^b[ _d B^d[d X[m_ha[d kdZ cWdY^cWb d_Y^j( =[h @hkdZ^_[h\uh _ij& ZWii Z[h mW^h[ :dbWii \uh d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ _d B^d[db_[]j kdZ ZWi skii[h[ >h[_]d_i dkh Z[h iY^[_dXWh[ @hkdZ _ij(P[dd L_[ _d [_d[c ]kj[d SkijWdZ i_dZ& m[dd L_[ i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij[h_dd[hd& m[dd L_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j _Z[dj_\_p_[h[d& ZWdd ' h[bWj_l ]['ifheY^[d kdZ DWjWijhef^[d Wki][decc[d ' aWdd d_Y^ji& ZWiZhWkii[d ][iY^_[^j& [_d d[]Wj_l[i @[\u^b _d B^d[d X[m_ha[d(P[dd L_[ _d [_d[c iY^b[Y^j[d SkijWdZ i_dZ& _Z[dj_\_p_[hj& _d[_d[h >_dX_bZkd] l[hikda[d eZ[h [jmWi q^db_Y^[i& ZWdd m_hZWbb[i& mWi dkh [_d m[d_] kdWd][d[^c _ij& [_d ^[\j_][i @[\u^b _dB^d[d ^[hlehhk\[d(Bd [_d[c O[hikY^ pk p[_][d& ZWii d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ ZkhY^

skii[h[ :dbsii[ ^[hleh][hk\[d m[hZ[d& m[hZ[d cWdY^cWb ?hW'][d uX[h =_d][ m_[ MhWk[h X[_c MeZ [_d[i ?h[kdZ[i kdZ WdZ[h[:hj[d led E[_Z[d ][ij[bbj( E[_Z[d _ij Wd i_Y^ a[_d d[]Wj_l[i@[\u^b( >i aWdd dkh ZWdd [_d d[]Wj_l[i @[\u^b X[m_ha[d& m[ddL_[ i_Y^ ZWc_j _Z[dj_\_p_[h[d( E[_Z[d aWdd m_hab_Y^ i[_d5 d[]Wj_l[@[\u^b[ i_dZ d_Y^j m_hab_Y^( LY^b_[iib_Y^ d_ccj E[_Z [_d[d i[^hab[_d[d M[_b Z[i E[X[di [_d& WX[h d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ d[^c[d[_d[d ]heii[d M[_b [_d ' i_[ [h\ubb[d ZWi ][iWcj[ E[X[d( NdZmWhkc9 P[_b m_h i_[ h[Y^j\[hj_][d( P_h ]bWkX[d& i_[ muhZ[dZkhY^ [_d[d skii[h[d @hkdZ X[m_haj( @[m_ii i_dZ E[kj[& Z_[lebb[h d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[ kdZ G[]Wj_l_jsj ij[Ya[d& ][[_]d[j& s^d'b_Y^[ K[Waj_ed[d _d WdZ[h[d E[kj[d ^[hlehpkhk\[d& WX[h cWdckii b[hd[d& i_Y^ _d iebY^[d ?sbb[d ZkhY^ L[bXij'>h_dd[hd kdZG_Y^j'BZ[dj_\_p_[h[d WXpkiedZ[hd kdZ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] pk [ha[dd[d&ZWii :XiedZ[hkd] d_Y^j @b[_Y^]ubj_]a[_j X[Z[kj[j( P[dd m_hm_ii[d& ZWii d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ d_Y^j led skii[h[d :dbsii[d X['m_haj m[hZ[d atdd[d& l[hiY^m_dZ[d Z_[ c[_ij[d led _^d[d(:X[h Z_[ [hij[ ;[Z_d]kd] _ij& ZWii m_h lebb [ha[dd[d cuii[d&ZWii i_[ LGAFQ ZkhY^ skii[h[ NhiWY^[d X[m_haj m[hZ[d I[LLCL!

m[dd m_h i_[ d_Y^j pk ^WX[d mudiY^[d( >i ]_Xj i_[ \uh ][mt^d'

"$$

b_[^& m[_b m_h i_[ pkbWii[d& _^h[ @[][dmWhj Wbi Z_[ LY^kbZ ledskii[h[d :dbsii[d [habsh[d& ie ZWii m_h d_Y^j c_j _^d[d ascf'\[d( G[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ atdd[d d_Y^j e^d[ >_dX_bZkd] [n_ij_[h[d(>_d\WY^ LY^c[hp[d pk [hb[_Z[d& _ij a[_d[ d[]Wj_l[ >cej_ed& WX[hm[dd >_dX_bZkd] kdZ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed ^_dpk aecc[d& m[hZ[d i_[pk [_d[c d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b( >cej_edWb[h LY^c[hp& m_[ athf[hb_'Y^[h LY^c[hp& _ij Wd i_Y^ a[_d d[]Wj_l[i @[\u^b& WX[h m[dd m_hX[]_dd[d& _^d Wk\ Wbb[hb[_ :hj WkipkiY^cuYa[d& m_hZ [h [i(

Lfsj[h m[hZ[d m_h pk F[j^eZ[d aecc[d& kc c_j @[\u^b[di[bXij pk ascf\[d& Z[dd [i ]_Xj l_[b[ kdZ X[ij_ccj[ F[j^eZ[d&Z_[ \uh kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[ @[\u^b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d i_dZ& WX[h pk[hijcuii[d m_h c_j BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ >_dX_bZkd] ascf\[d( =_[E[kj[ iY^h[_X[d Z[c Pehj >_dX_bZkd] [_d[ ltbb_] audijb_Y^[ kdZ]Wdp kdl[hZ_[dj[ ;[Z[kjkd] pk& _c L_dd[ [_d[h ah[Wj_l[d eZ[hi[b[aj_l[d ?s^_]a[_j( >_dX_bZkd] _ij [_d[ p[hijth[h_iY^[ ?s^_]'a[_j& Z_[ d_Y^j X[^[hhiY^j m[hZ[d aWdd( P_h X[]_dd[d& kdi [jmWi[_dpkX_bZ[d& kc kdi i[bXij pk ][\Wbb[d& kdZ i[^h e\j \Wd][d m_hWd& [i pk ]bWkX[d& eZ[h pkc_dZ[ij [_d[d M[_b ZWled( >_dX_bZkd]X[ij[^j _c Wbb][c[_d[d ZWh_d& i_Y^ _h][dZ[_d P_ii[d& [_d[ DhW\j&[_d[ JkWb_jsj pkpkiY^h[_X[d& Z_[ cWd d_Y^j X[i_jpj( =_[i _ij [_d[][\s^hb_Y^[ >_dX_bZkd]& ms^h[dZ [i ^Whcbei kdZ ie]Wh Wd]['d[^c i[_d aWdd& i_Y^ =_d][ [_d\WY^ _d Z[d L_dd aecc[d pkbWii[d eZ[h i_Y^ MW]jhskc[d ^_dpk][X[d& iebWd][ Z_[i \h[_ ledBZ[dj_\_aWj_ed ][iY^_[^j( =_[i[h DWcf\ c_j BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ>_dX_bZkd] h[_Y^j Wki& l_[b[ Z[h uXb_Y^[d d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ pkp[hijth[d ' Wk\ `[Z[d ?Wbb& i_[ l_[b b[_Y^j[h pk cWY^[d( L_[cuii[d ^_[hc_j Wd\Wd][d& Z[dd L_[ atdd[d dkh ZWdd c_j Z[c>_diWjp ijsha[h[h F[j^eZ[d ][][d d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ Wd][^[d&m[dd L_[ pk [_d[c ][m_ii[d :kicWii c_j BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed ascf\[datdd[d& kdZ m[dd L_[ d[]Wj_l[ >_dX_bZkd] X[h[_ji ][ijeffj^WX[d( =Wc_j ckii lebbijsdZ_] Wk\][^thj m[hZ[d( >i _ij pm[Ya'bei& m[_j[h[ F[j^eZ[d pk b[hd[d& X[leh Z_[i ][jWd _ij( P[dd L_[

"$%

l[hikY^[d& >_dX_bZkd] pk X[i[_j_][d& X[ij[^j a[_d[ @[\W^h& m_ha'b_Y^[i ?u^b[d WkipkiY^b_[ii[d5 m[dd [i [Y^j _ij& aWdd [i d_Y^jX[i[_j_]j m[hZ[d( G[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ I[LLCL L_[ ijeff[d& kdZWbb[_d[ ZWi LjkZ_kc Z[h BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed m_hZ i_[ X[h[_ji l[hc_d'Z[hd& WX[h Z[h m_hab_Y^[ DWcf\ c_j d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d i[bXijX[]_ddj ifsj[h( >h X[hk^j pk Wbb[h[hij Wk\ h_Y^j_][c O[hij[^[d&m_[ i_[ [hp[k]j m[hZ[d& mWi ^_dj[h _^d[d ij[^j& m_[ dkjpbei i_[i_dZ& kdZ m_[l_[b L_[ l[hb_[h[d& m[_b L_[ i_Y^ ZWi O[h]du][d[hbWkX[d& d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ pk ^WX[d( P[dd L_[ [ha[dd[d& m_['l_[b L_[ l[hb_[h[d& m[hZ[d L_[ l_[bb[_Y^j ][dk] >d[h]_[ ^WX[d&[jmWi ZW][][d pk kdj[hd[^c[d(

L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii ZWi Ljeff[d Z[i (RPBORAIP d[]Wj_l[h@[\u^b[ kdZ Z[h DWcf\ c_j Z[d d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d i[bXij pm[_ltbb_] l[hiY^_[Z[d[ Ndj[h\Wd][d i_dZ( Sk[hij aeccj Z[h O[h'ikY^& Z[d :kiZhkYa pk ijeff[d( L_[ atdd[d d_Y^ji Wd Z[dd[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d i[bXij sdZ[hd& X_i L_[ ][b[hdj ^WX[d& Z[h[d:kiZhkYa pk ijeff[d( P[dd L_[ [_d[ ][m_ii[ Dedjhebb[ uX[h Z[d:kiZhkYa d[]Wj_l[h >cej_ed[d [hbWd]j ^WX[d& atdd[d L_[ X[']_dd[d& d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ i[bXij pk ijkZ_[h[d( L_[ atdd[d l[hik'Y^[d& B^h[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ pk abWii_\_p_[h[d( L_[ atdd[d ^[h'Wki\_dZ[d& m[bY^[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ L_[ ^WkfjisY^b_Y^ ^WX[d5mWhkc i_[ aecc[d& mWi i_[ ^[hX[_\u^hj kdZ ie m[_j[h( L_[cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii B^h[ [_dp_][ Dedjhebb[ uX[h d[]Wj_l[@[\u^b[ ZkhY^ B^h[d O[hijWdZ ][^j& WX[h Z_[ Dedjhebb[ jh_jj d_Y^jkdc_jj[bXWh Wk\( P[dd L_[ i[Y^i FedWj[ bWd] h_Y^j_] Z[da[d&m[hZ[d Z_[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ Wd][]h_\\[d i[_d& Z[dd i_[ X[hk^[dWk\ \WbiY^[c =[da[d( P[dd L_[ ^[kj[ h_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d X[]_d'd[d& m[hZ[d i_Y^ Z_[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ d_Y^j ceh][d ][sdZ[hj^WX[d5 WX[h d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ atdd[d i_Y^ _dd[hj i[Y^i FedWj[d][sdZ[hj ^WX[d& m[dd L_[ `[jpj Wd\Wd][d& h_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d( =Wi@[bsdZ[ ckii [hij lehX[h[_j[j m[hZ[d( P[dd L_[ b[hd[d atdd[d&[_d[ h_Y^j_][ >_dij[bbkd] B^h[h K[_pXWha[_j ][][duX[h pk [hp[k'

"$&

][d& B^h[h iY^b[Y^j[d EWkd[& B^h[c F_iijhWk[d eZ[h m[bY^ kdWd'][d[^c[i @[\u^b WkY^ _cc[h L_[ Wc ^sk\_]ij[d [hb[X[d ' ZWddm_hZ B^d[d Z_[i[ >_dij[bbkd]& dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j ^[b\[d& ZWid[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b _c D[_c pk [hij_Ya[d( GWY^Z[c [i [_dcWb [_d[d:d\Wd] d[^c[d Zkh\j[& atdd[d L_[ [i d_Y^j c[^h ijeff[d( P[ddL_[ ZWii[bX[ [_dcWb WkipkZhuYa[d X[]_dd[d& i_dZ L_[ _d i[_d[h@[mWbj( =[h DWcf\ ckii _d B^h[c O[hijWdZ X[]_dd[d& kdZ L_[cuii[d B^h[d P[] \_dZ[d& uX[h [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d @[][dijWdZdWY^pkZ[da[d( L_[ atdd[d B^h[ EWkd[ d_Y^j aedjhebb_[h[d& m[ddi_[ X[h[_ji pkc OehiY^[_d aeccj( >i _ij iY^ed pk ifsj5 i_[ _ijX[h[_ji ^[hWki][ifhkd][d( L_[ atdd[d ie [jmWi m_[ @[\u^biWki'XhuY^[ pkc ;[_if_[b dkh Wk\ [_d[ :hj X[^[hhiY^[d( G[^c[d L_[Wd& L_[ iebb[d [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d F[diY^[d jh[\\[d& kdZ d[^c[dL_[ Wd& [h h[_pj L_[( PWdd _cc[h L_[ _^c X[][]d[d& d[_]j B^hM[cf[hWc[dj ZWpk& i_Y^ pk p[_][d( L_[ ct][d [i d_Y^j& WX[h m_[atdd[d L_[ [i ijeff[d9 L_[ cuii[d X[_ Z[h :dWboi[ B^h[i =[d'a[di Wd\Wd][d( PWi BCLICL L_[ uX[h Z_[i[d F[diY^[d ' d_Y^j&mWi 9GC D\FJCL! m[dd L_[ ][h[_pj i_dZ& iedZ[hd mWi Z[da[d L_[ _dhk^_][d :k][dXb_Ya[d uX[h _^d9 L_[ ct][d ^[hWki\_dZ[d& ZWiiL_[ _dd[hb_Y^ c_j _^c Wh]kc[dj_[h[d5 L_[ X[m[_i[d _^c& ZWii [hkdh[Y^j ^Wj5 L_[ iW][d _^c Wbb i[_d[ ?[^b[h5 L_[ \_dZ[d Wbb][c[_d&ZWii [h i_Y^ B^d[d ][][duX[h \WbiY^ X[jhs]j( >X[d ^_[h_d ^WX[dL_[ kdh[Y^j( L_[ cuii[d b[hd[d& h_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d5 L_[ cuii[dZ[d P[] \_dZ[d& h_Y^j_] pk Z[da[d( P[dd B^d[d ZWi ][b_d]j& m_hZ\eb][dZ[i ][iY^[^[d4 HXme^b ZWi @[\u^b l_[b iY^d[bb[h Wbi Z[h@[ZWda[ _ij& _ij ZWi @[\u^b [jmWi OehuX[h][^[dZ[i& aWdd Z[h@[ZWda[ X[ijsdZ_] ][cWY^j m[hZ[d5 `[Z[icWb& m[dd ZWi @[\u^b^[hWkiifh_d]j& jh_\\j [i Wk\ Z_[i[d X[ijsdZ_][d @[ZWda[d kdZaWdd i_Y^ d_Y^j m[_j[h cWd_\[ij_[h[d( =W^[h atdd[d L_[ c_j Z[c:kiZhkYa d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[& m_[ _d Z_[i[c ;[_if_[b& dkh ascf'\[d& m[dd L_[ X[ijsdZ_][i& h_Y^j_][i =[da[d iY^W\\[d( P_h m[h'Z[d `[jpj pk Z[h ?hW][ pkhuYaa[^h[d& mWi c_j h_Y^j_][c =[da[dkdZ h_Y^j_][h >_dij[bbkd] Wbi PW\\[d ][][d d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[][c[_dj _ij(

"$'

EWii[d L_[ c_Y^ m_[Z[h^eb[d& ZWii L_[ Wbi Wbb[h[hij[i l[hij[^[dK\PPCL! m_[ \WbiY^ d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ i_dZ& m_[ kddujp i_[ i_dZ&kdZ ZWdd cuii[d L_[ l[hij[^[d& ZWii i_[ d_Y^j e^d[ BZ[dj_\_aW'j_ed X[ij[^[d atdd[d( L_[ m[hZ[d bWd][ XhWkY^[d& kc Z_[i pk[ha[dd[d& WX[h m[dd L_[ ie m[_j i_dZ& cuii[d L_[ l[hikY^[d&B^h[ d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ _d Zh[_ DWj[]eh_[d [_dpkj[_b[d( >hij[di&Z_[ c[^h eZ[h m[d_][h ][mt^db_Y^[d& Wbbjs]b_Y^[d d[]Wj_l[d@[\u^b[& Z_[ i[^h e\j lehaecc[d kdZ _cc[h c_j BZ[dj_\_aWj_edl[hXkdZ[d i_dZ( @[m_ii cuii[d L_[ i_[ X[eXWY^j[d& kdZ L_[cuii[d X[h[_ji [_d ][m_ii[ Dedjhebb[ uX[h _^h[d :kiZhkYa ^W'X[d( =Wdd cuii[d L_[ Wd\Wd][d& i_Y^ c_j _^d[d pk X[\Wii[d&_dZ[c L_[ l[hikY^[d& i_Y^ d_Y^j pk _Z[dj_\_p_[h[d& _dZ[c L_[BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed ie m[_j m_[ ct]b_Y^ l[hc[_Z[d& d_Y^j dkh _d X[pk]Wk\ Z_[i[ @[\u^b[& iedZ[hd _d X[pk] Wk\ Wbb[i( P[dd L_[ _d i_Y^Z_[ ?s^_]a[_j [hiY^W\\[d& i_Y^ d_Y^j pk _Z[dj_\_p_[h[d& ie m_hZ ZWiZ_[i[ @[\u^b[ Wd]h[_\[d kdZ L_[ m[hZ[d c[ha[d& ZWii i_[ Wd\Wd'][d pk l[hiY^m_dZ[d(=_[ pm[_j[ DWj[]eh_[ jWkY^j d_Y^j js]b_Y^ Wk\( L_[ i_dZ Z_[

iY^m_[h_][h[d& aecfb_p_[hj[h[d @[\u^b[ kdZ X[hk^[d Wk\ _h][dZ'm[bY^[d c[djWb[d Oeh]sd][d ' F_iijhWk[d& l[hb[jpj[ @[\u^b[kdZ l_[b[i q^db_Y^[( L_[ i_dZ iY^m_[h_][h pk X[msbj_][d( L_[atdd[d c_j _^d[d kc][^[d& _dZ[c L_[ c_jj[bi =[da[d [_d[h_Y^j_][ ][_ij_][ >_dij[bbkd] ^[hlehXh_d][d ' d_Y^j ZWdd& m[ddL_[ i_Y^ _d [_d[c d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b ][\Wd][d \_dZ[d& iedZ[hd _dZ[h Sm_iY^[dp[_j& m[dd L_[ hk^_] i_dZ( O[hikY^[d L_[& Z_[ h_Y^j_'][ >_dij[bbkd]& Z[d h_Y^j_][d @[i_Y^jifkdaj pk \_dZ[d kdZ _^dX[ijsdZ_] pk cWY^[d( P[dd L_[ h_Y^j_][i =[da[d iY^W\\[d& m_hZZWi Wbb[ DhW\j led Z_[i[d d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d d[^c[d(=Wdd ]_Xj [i [_d[ Zh_jj[ DWj[]eh_[& l_[b ^[\j_][h& l_[b iY^m_[h_'

][h kdZ i[^h i[bj[d( @[][d i_[ atdd[d L_[ d_Y^ji jkd( =_[i[ pm[_F[j^eZ[d ' DWcf\ c_j BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ >hp[k][d h_Y^j_][h>_dij[bbkd][d ' ^[b\[d d_Y^j( P[dd iebY^[ @[\u^b[ aecc[d&atdd[d L_[ dkh [_d[i jkd4 L_[ cuii[d l[hikY^[d& i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXijpk [h_dd[hd5 i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij c_j A_b\[ Z[i @[\u^bi pk [h_dd[hd(

'

"$(

=Wi m_hZ i_[ dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j sdZ[hd( :X[h ^_[h\uh cuii[d L_[lehX[h[_j[j i[_d5 [i _ij [jmWi ]Wdp ;[iedZ[h[i(

!

P_h kdj[hikY^[d kdi d_Y^j led Z[c @[i_Y^jifkdaj Wki& mWi m_hi_dZ& iedZ[hd mWi m_h m[hZ[d atdd[d& ie ZWii m_h iec_j& m[ddm_h X[ij_ccj[ =_d][ Wkih[_Y^[dZ ijkZ_[hj ^WX[d& ZWhWd WhX[_'j[d& i_[ pk sdZ[hd( :kih[_Y^[dZ [hdij^W\j[i LjkZ_kc X[m_haj _di_Y^ i[bXij [_d[ qdZ[hkd]& WX[h Wbb[ >h][Xd_ii[ Z_[i[i PWdZ[biatdd[d ZkhY^ X[ij_ccj[ d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ l[hZehX[d m[hZ[d5P[dd L_[ Z_[i[ :hX[_j Z[h L[bXij'qdZ[hkd] X[]_dd[d& e^d[d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ pk X[msbj_][d& m_hZ [_d[ B^h[h L[_j[d WhX[_j[dkdZ [_d[ WdZ[h[ L[_j[ m_hZ B^h[ :hX[_j l[hZ[hX[d& ie ZWii L_[i_Y^ dWY^ [_d_][h S[_j _d [_d[c iY^b_cc[h[d SkijWdZ Wbi pklehX[\_dZ[d atdd[d( >i _ij X[h[_ji c[^hcWbi E[kj[d& Z_[ _^h[d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ pk X[^Wbj[d mudiY^j[d& ][iY^[^[d& ZWii _^'d[d Z_[ ?ehj\u^hkd] Z_[i[h :hX[_j kdct]b_Y^ mkhZ[( >i ]WX:k][dXb_Ya[& ZW i_[ Z_[ @[\s^hb_Y^a[_j _^h[h d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[[haWddj[d& WX[h i_[ l[hiskcj[d& ms^h[dZ Z_[i[h Fec[dj[ Wki'h[_Y^[dZ[ :dijh[d]kd][d pk kdj[hd[^c[d& kdZ Z_[ d[]Wj_l[d@[\u^b[ mkhZ[d ijsha[h( >i mkhZ[ X[h[_ji [habshj& ZWii [_d[h_Y^j_][ >_dij[bbkd] Z[d d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d ][][duX[h Z_[ c[_'ij[d led _^d[d p[hijthj( P[dd m_h Z_[ O[hd_Y^jkd] Z[h >h][X'd_ii[ kdi[h[h :hX[_j l[hc[_Z[d cuii[d& _ij [i m_Y^j_]& ZWii m_hZ_[i[ >_dij[bbkd] led :d\Wd] Wd pk akbj_l_[h[d b[hd[d(>_d[ h_Y^j_][ >_dij[bbkd] [_d[c @[][dijWdZ ][][duX[h _ij ZWi

>h][Xd_i h_Y^j_][d =[da[di uX[h Z[d X[ij_ccj[d @[][dijWdZ(O_[b[ F[diY^[d b[X[d X[_if_[bim[_i[ led >_dmsdZ[d5 i_[ ^Wbj[di_Y^ dkh ZWdd \uh abk]& m[dd i_[ _d X[pk] Wk\ [jmWi [_d[d>_dmWdZ \_dZ[d( P[dd i_[ a[_d[d >_dmWdZ \_dZ[d& ZWdd ^WX[di_[ d_Y^j ZWi @[\u^b& pk WhX[_j[d& pk Z[da[d eZ[h iedij [jmWi pkjkd( GeY^ [_dcWb4 ;[_dW^[ Wbb[ kdi[h[ f[hitdb_Y^[d d[]Wj_l[d@[\u^b[ X[hk^[d Wk\ Oehmuh\[d kdZ Z[h :ddW^c[& ZWii `[cWdZWdZ[h[h iY^kbZ _ij( P[dd m_h ZkhY^ X[^Whhb_Y^[i =[da[d [ha[d'

"$)

d[d& ZWii d_[cWdZ WdZ[h[h _d X[pk] Wk\ kdi iY^kbZ_] i[_d aWddkdZ m_h Z[h @hkdZ \uh Wbb[i i_dZ& mWi kdi ][iY^_[^j& m_hZ i_Y^kdi[h[ >_dij[bbkd] `[d[d @[\u^b[d Z[h :dabW][ ][][duX[h l[h'sdZ[hd( LY^b_[iib_Y^ aWdd Z_[i h_Y^j_][ =[da[d& Z_[i A[hlehXh_d'][d [_d[h h_Y^j_][d >_dij[bbkd] eZ[h [_d[i h_Y^j_][d @[i_Y^ji'fkdaji [_d f[hcWd[dj[h Ihep[ii m[hZ[d& kdZ ZWdd m[hZ[d d[]W'j_l[ @[\u^b[ dkh deY^ ][b[][djb_Y^ Wk\jWkY^[d( @[dWk ZWZkhY^&ZWii Z_[i[h Ihep[ii h_Y^j_][d =[da[di X[ijsdZ_] m_hZ& ^Wj [hFWY^j uX[h d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[5 [h pu][bj i_[ ]b[_Y^ pk ;[]_dd(P_h atdd[d b[hd[d& [_d_][ @[i_Y^jifkdaj[ pkhuYapkm[_i[d

kdZ WdZ[h[ pk Wap[fj_[h[d( Oed [_d[c LjWdZfkdaj Wki i_dZ m_hie c[Y^Wd_iY^ kdZ atdd[d d_Y^ji jkd& ms^h[dZ [i led [_d[cWdZ[h[d @[i_Y^jifkdaj Wki _d kdi ' l_[bb[_Y^j d_Y^j l_[b[ WX[hc[^h[h[ ' =_d][ ]_Xj& Z_[ m_h pk jkd X[]_dd[d atdd[d( P_h^WX[d X[ij_ccj[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d _d kdi& Z_[ m_h d_Y^j dkjp[d( >i_ij mW^h& ZWii L_[ d_Y^ji QRL atdd[d _d Z[c L_dd[& ZWii L_[ d_Y^jsdZ[hd atdd[d& mWi L_[ _d [_d[c ][][X[d[d :k][dXb_Ya D\FJCL!

WX[h L_[ atdd[d i_Y^ i[bXij l[hWdbWii[d& _d [_d[c ][][X[d[dFec[dj uX[h [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d @[][dijWdZ L?AFWRBCLICL# =Wi_ij Z[h :d\Wd]( L_[ cuii[d m_ii[d& mWi ct]b_Y^ _ij kdZ led ZWWki X[]_dd[d& Z[dd Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j& [jmWi pk jkd WdijWjj [jmWi][iY^[^[d pk bWii[d& m_hZ iY^d[bb pkd[^c[d( L_[ atdd[d i_Y^l[hWdbWii[d& uX[h [_d[d X[ij_ccj[d @[][dijWdZ Wk\ [_d[ X['ij_ccj[ :hj dWY^pkZ[da[d& kdZ L_[ atdd[d i_Y^ ' m[dd [i dtj_]_ij '& ZWpk l[hWdbWii[d& d_Y^j pk Z[da[d(L_[ [ha[dd[d d_Y^j& mWi \uh [_d[ ][mWbj_][ FWY^j _c =[da[d

b_[]j( =Wi _ij d_Y^j Wbi f^_beief^_iY^[ >hthj[hkd] Z[h FWY^j][c[_dj( =_[ FWY^j b_[]j _d Z[h MWjiWY^[& ZWii L_[& m[dd L_[uX[h X[ij_ccj[ =_d][ _cc[h h_Y^j_] Z[da[d& Z_[i[d @[ZWda[df[hcWd[dj cWY^[d atdd[d& kdZ [h i_Y^ pk [_d[h f[hcWd[dj[d>_dij[bbkd] [djm_Ya[bd m_hZ( P[dd L_[ _d i_Y^ Z_[ G[_]kd] pkh\WbiY^[d [cej_edWb[d FWd_\[ijWj_ed _h][dZ[_d[h :hj [djZ[Ya[d&ZWdd atdd[d L_[ ][dWk _d Z_[i[c :k][dXb_Ya d_Y^ji ZWhWdsdZ[hd& Z[dd L_[ ^WX[d _d i_Y^ ZkhY^ \WbiY^[i =[da[d Z_[?s^_]a[_j pk Z_[i[h :hj Z[h K[Waj_ed ^[hWd][X_bZ[j5 WX[h dWY^[_d_][h S[_j h_Y^j_][d =[da[di atdd[d L_[ _d i_Y^ Z_[ ?s^_]a[_j

"$*

pk [_d[h WdZ[h[d K[Waj_ed ^[hWdX_bZ[d( Gkh KRPP Z_[i[ F[j^e'Z[ h_Y^j_] SCOPQ?LBCL TCOBCL! kdZ Z_[i O[hij[^[d KRPP E?LW QGCD

ECFCL# L_[ atdd[d Z_[i[ F[j^eZ[ Wk\ l_[b[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ =_d][Wdm[dZ[d( =Wi _ij _d Z[h MWj ZWi [_dp_][& mWi L_[ jkd atdd[d( L_[atdd[d d_Y^ji WdZ[h[i jkd( >i ]_Xj a[_d[d Z_h[aj[d P[]& c_jd[]Wj_l[d FWd_\[ijWj_ed[d pk ascf\[d& m[_b cWd i_[ d_Y^j [_d'\Wd][d aWdd5 kdZ [i ]_Xj a[_d[ :hj& i_[ pk l[h^_dZ[hd& Wkii[hcWd _ij Wk\ i_[ lehX[h[_j[j( >_d[ lehuX[h][^[dZ[ >ha[ddjd_i&ZWii i_[ \WbiY^ i_dZ& m_hZ d_Y^j ^[b\[d5 i_[ ckii i[^h j_[\ i[_d&iedij m[hZ[d L_[ m_[Z[h [_d[d ]b[_Y^ iY^m[h[d Ihep[ii pk ZkhY^'bWk\[d ^WX[d& kc Z[d ;eZ[d \uh [_d[ WdZ[h[ FWd_\[ijWj_edlehpkX[h[_j[d( L_[ cuii[d [ha[dd[d& m_[l_[b i_[ ZkhY^ Z_[i[ifedjWd[d :kiZhkYai\ehc[d d[]Wj_l[d <^WhWaj[hi l[hb_[h[d( L_[cWY^[d ie l_[b[ mudiY^[dim[hj[ =_d][ kdct]b_Y^& kdZ L_[l[hb_[h[d ][dWk ZWi& mWi L_[ X[aecc[d mebb[d(

Nc Z[d =_d][d ][][duX[h [_d[ h_Y^j_][ >_dij[bbkd] pk ^WX[d&cuii[d m_h b[hd[d& WdZ[hi pk Z[da[d kdZ JZLECOC .CB?LICL pk^WX[d( C[Z[h kdi[h[h @[ZWda[d _ij pk akhp( >hij m[dd L_[ Wki[_][d[h ;[eXWY^jkd] Z[d Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d bWd][d kdZ akh'p[d @[ZWda[d [hb[Xj ^WX[d& m_hZ B^d[d Z_[i[ BZ[[ [jmWi X['Z[kj[d(LebWd][ m_h kdi[h[c =[da[d ][ijWjj[d& lebbijsdZ_] Wk\ ]['

me^dj[h :iiep_Wj_ed pk X[hk^[d& m_hZ [i i_Y^ d_Y^j l[hlebbaecc'd[d5 WX[h ZkhY^ >_d\u^h[d d[k[h @[i_Y^jifkdaj[ atdd[d m_hd[k[ :iiep_Wj_ed[d ^[hlehXh_d][d( P_h i_dZ [i X[_if_[bim[_i[][me^dj& _d WXiebkj[d ;[]h_\\[d pk Z[da[d ' Wbb[i eZ[h d_Y^ji 'WX[h [i _ij dejm[dZ_] pk [ha[dd[d& ZWii Wbb[i G[k[ pk[hij Xb_jp'Whj_] Wk\jh_jj( >i aeccj& ZWdd l[hiY^m_dZ[j [i m_[Z[h( >hij dWY^[_d[h ][m_ii[d S[_j m_hZ Z_[i[i :k\Xb_jp[d bsd][h kdZ ZWdd deY^bsd][h& ie ZWii L_[ [i i[^[d kdZ mW^hd[^c[d atdd[d( G_Y^jiaeccj ie\ehj _d lebbijsdZ_][h ?ehc( :bb[i& mWi [hmehX[d m[h'Z[d aWdd& aeccj& l[hiY^m_dZ[j& aeccj m_[Z[h& l[hiY^m_dZ[j

"%!

[hd[kj( GWY^ [_d[h bWd][d S[_j aeccj kdZ Xb[_Xj [i [_d X_iiY^[d&ie ZWii L_[ _d Z[h EW][ i_dZ& [i pk X[d[dd[d& [i pk X[c[ha[d( BY^m_bb a[_d ;[_if_[b ][X[d& Z[dd [i muhZ[ pk >_dX_bZkd] \u^h[d(:bb[i& mWi _Y^ iW][d m_bb& _ij& ZWii cWd X[_if_[bim[_i[ ZkhY^X[ij_ccj[ :dijh[d]kd][d Z[i L[bXij'>h_dd[hdi =_d][ i[^[datddj[& Z_[ cWd `[jpj d_Y^j i[^[d aWdd( Ndi[h[d :k][d i_dZd_Y^j ie i[^h LY^hWda[d ][i[jpj& m_[ m_h Z[da[d( >i ]_Xj l_[b[i&ZWi i_[ i[^[d atdd[d& WX[h d_Y^j X[c[ha[d( P_h atdd[d d_Y^jWdZ[hi mW^hd[^c[d& X[leh m_h d_Y^j WdZ[hi Z[da[d( P_h ^WX[ddkh uX[h kdi[h[ @[ZWda[d Dedjhebb[5 m_h ^WX[d a[_d[ Dedjhebb[uX[h Z_[ PW^hd[^ckd]( PW^hd[^ckd] ^sd]j d_Y^j led Pud'iY^[d eZ[h >djiY^buii[d WX& i_[ _ij ^WkfjisY^b_Y^ ZkhY^ kdi[h[d;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ X[Z_d]j& ZkhY^ kdi[h PWY^[hi[_d( P[ddcWd \uh [_d[ ][du][dZ bWd][ S[_j [hmWY^j& iW][d m_h \uh [_d[LjkdZ[& aWdd cWd l_[b[ =_d][ i[^[d& Z_[ cWd `[jpj d_Y^j mW^h'd_ccj(

"

=_[ ?hW][ Z[i @[XhWkY^i [_d[h h_Y^j_][d >_dij[bbkd] Wbi PW\\[][][d d[]Wj_l[ @[\u^b[ [h\ehZ[hj O[hij[^[d5 i_[ X[p_[^j i_Y^ Wk\kdi[h[ >_dij[bbkd] Z[d @[\u^b[d i[bXij ][][duX[h& Z[dd m_hatdd[d [_d[ h_Y^j_][ eZ[h \WbiY^[ >_dij[bbkd] kdi[h[h G[]Wj_l_jsj][][duX[h ^WX[d( L_[ kdj[hiY^[_Z[j i_Y^ _d l[hiY^_[Z[d[d ?sbb[dkdZ bsiij i_Y^ d_Y^j l[hWbb][c[_d[hd( Gkd cuii[d m_h Z_[ >_dij[b'bkd][d Wd i_Y^ X[jhWY^j[d kdZ [ha[dd[d& ZWii [_d[ fei_j_l[>_dij[bbkd] _d [_d_][d ?sbb[d h_Y^j_] kdZ [_d[ d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[b'bkd] _d WdZ[h[d ?sbb[d h_Y^j_] _ij( >_d[ fei_j_l[ >_dij[bbkd]][^thj pk Z[c M[_b kdi[h[i Bdj[bb[aji& Z[h yCWz iW]j kdZ [_d[d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd] pk Z[c M[_b& Z[h yG[_dz iW]j( >i aWdd WkY^WdZ[h[ >_dij[bbkd][d ][X[d& WX[h Z_[i[ X[_Z[d i_dZ Z_[ m_Y^j_]'ij[d( FWd][bdZ[i O[hij[^[d ][][duX[h [_d[c @[][dijWdZ eZ[h[_d[c IheXb[c aWdd [_d\WY^ ZWZkhY^ ^[hleh][hk\[d i[_d& ZWiicWd _^d[d ][][duX[h [_d[ \WbiY^[ >_dij[bbkd] ^Wj( >i ]_Xj E[kj[&Z_[ Wbb[c kdZ `[Z[c ][][duX[h [_d[ d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd] ^WX[d&

"%"

kdZ [i ]_Xj WdZ[h[& Z_[ [_d[ fei_j_l[ >_dij[bbkd] Z[d =_d][d][][duX[h pk akbj_l_[h[d l[hikY^[d& Z[d[d ][][duX[h i_[ [_d[d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd] ^WX[d iebbj[d( P[dd m_h Z_[ Pthj[h yfei_'j_lz kdZ yd[]Wj_lz _c uXb_Y^[d L_dd led Skij_cckd] eZ[h:Xb[^dkd] l[hm[dZ[d& atdd[d m_h iW][d& ZWii m_h& kc X['ij_ccj[ =_d][ l[hij[^[d pk atdd[d& d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd][d^WX[d cuii[d& ms^h[dZ WdZ[h[i fei_j_l l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[daWdd( Sk l_[b led [_d[h mW^bbei fei_j_l[d >_dij[bbkd] aWdd=_d][ ][dWk ie l[hZ[hX[d& m_[ [_d[ ^WhjdsYa_] d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[b'bkd] =_d][ l[hZ[hX[d aWdd& WX[h cWdY^cWb _ij [_d[ d[]Wj_l[>_dij[bbkd] dujpb_Y^& m[_b [i l_[b[i _c E[X[d ]_Xj& ZWi dkh ZkhY^[_d[ Wkih[_Y^[dZ ]kj[ d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd] l[hijWdZ[d m[hZ[daWdd( @[m_ii muhZ[ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed c_j [_d[h d[]Wj_l[d >_dij[b'bkd] [_d d[]Wj_l[i @[\u^b l[hkhiWY^[d& WX[h ZWi aWdd l[hc_[Z[dm[hZ[d& kdZ i[^h e\j _ij BZ[dj_\_p_[h[d ZWi >h][Xd_i [_d[h \Wb'iY^[d >_dij[bbkd]( Le fWhWZen [i iY^[_d[d cW]& l_[b[ d[]Wj_l[@[\u^b[ ^WX[d m_h& m[_b m_h a[_d[ Wkih[_Y^[dZ d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[b'bkd] d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d ][][duX[h ^WX[d( :dZ[h[hi[_ji m[hZ[dL_[ _d Z[c :k][dXb_Ya& ZW L_[ [_d[ d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd] ][][d'uX[h [_d[c Z[h =_d][ ^WX[d& Z_[ c_j Z_[i[h >djm_Yabkd]iWhX[_jl[hXkdZ[d i_dZ& Wk\^th[d& i_[ pk l[hij[^[d(P_h cuii[d X[]h[_\[d& ZWii m_h a[_d[ Dedjhebb[ ^WX[d& ZWii

m_h FWiY^_d[d i_dZ& ZWii kdi Wbb[i ypkijtiijz( >i ][du]j d_Y^j&uX[h Z_[i[ MWjiWY^[d pk ifh[Y^[d& kc i_[ pk sdZ[hd( Nc Wk\pk'^th[d& c[Y^Wd_iY^ pk i[_d& XhWkY^j [i [jmWi WdZ[h[i( >_d[qdZ[hkd] Z[h >_dij[bbkd] _ij dtj_]( >_dij[bbkd][d atdd[d led@[\u^b[d kdWX^sd]_] i[_d& kdZ _d [_d[c ][m_ii[d :kicWiiatdd[d i_[ kdi[h[h Dedjhebb[ kdj[hb_[][d( P_h ^WX[d pkc ;[_'if_[b [_d_][ Dedjhebb[ uX[h kdi[h[ >_dij[bbkd][d ][][duX[h P_i'i[d& ][][duX[h ?h[kdZ[d& ][][duX[h Z_[i[h :hX[_j kdZ ][][d'uX[h Z[c L[bXij'LjkZ_kc( >_d[ >_dij[bbkd] _ij jWjisY^b_Y^ [_d@[i_Y^jifkdaj& kdZ m[dd Z_[i[h h_Y^j_] _ij& ]_Xj [i [_d[ P_hakd]5m[dd Z[h @[i_Y^jifkdaj \WbiY^ _ij& [_d[ WdZ[h[( P_h cuii[dl[hij[^[d& ZWii m_h d_Y^ji jkd atdd[d& WX[h m_h atdd[d kdi[h[>_dij[bbkd][d sdZ[hd(>_d[ h_Y^j_][ >_dij[bbkd] aWdd iY^h_jjm[_i[ ZkhY^ ZWi LjkZ_kc

"%#

i[_d[h i[bXij kdZ ZWi LjkZ_kc Z[i E[X[di [djm_Ya[bj m[hZ[d&][csii Z[h X[iedZ[h[d :hj& _d Z[h m_h i_[ ijkZ_[h[d( =_[i[iLjkZ_kc X[hk^j d_Y^j dkh Wk\ P_ii[d& iedZ[hd Wk\ [_d[h WdZ[h[d=[daWhj( :dZ[h[i =[da[d aWdd dkh Wki WdZ[h[d >_dij[bbkd][daecc[d kdZ Wki [_d[c O[hij[^[d Z[i h[bWj_l[d P[hji Z[h=_d][( PWdZ[b Z[h >_dij[bbkd][d Xh_d]j d_Y^j led Wbb[_d[ [_d[qdZ[hkd] Z[i c[diY^b_Y^[d P[i[di c_j i_Y^( >i ][^thj P[hjkd]ZWpk(

"%$

Bemerkungen zur Arbeit

145

Bd^Wbj

)CKCOIRLECL WRK (O@CGQPCLQPAFJRPP

)CKCOIRLECL WRO (O@CGQ ?L PGAF PCJ@PQ

=?P GPQ BGC 9AFRJC'

"%(

=[da[d L_[ i[^h [hdij^W\j ZWhuX[h dWY^& [^[ L_[ i_Y^ ZW\uh[djiY^[_Z[d& c_j Z[h Oehij[bbkd] i_Y^ pk sdZ[hd& Wd i_Y^ pkWhX[_j[d& ZWi ^[_iij& c_j Z[c [djiY^_[Z[d[d S_[b pk WhX[_j[d&X[mkiij pk m[hZ[d& kdZ Z_[ O[hX_dZkd] c_j Z[d ^t^[h[d S[dj'h[d pk [djm_Ya[bd( =_[i[ :hX[_j bsiij a[_d[d Decfhec_ii pk kdZ[h\ehZ[hj [_d[ ]heii[ F[d][ L[bXijZ_ip_fb_d kdZ ;[h[_jiY^W\j&Wbb[d K[][bd kdZ X[iedZ[hi Z_h[aj[d :dm[_ikd][d pk ][^eh'Y^[d(rX[hb[][d L_[ i_Y^ i[^h [hdijb_Y^4 L_dZ L_[ m_hab_Y^ X[h[_j kdZ

m_bb[di pk ][^ehY^[d& kdZ l[hij[^[d L_[ lebbWk\ Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]'a[_j ^_[hpk9 >i ]_Xj a[_d SkhuYa( P[dd L_[ pkij_cc[d kdZ ZWddpkhuYajh[j[d& m[hZ[d L_[ Wbb[i l[hb_[h[d& ZWi L_[ X_i pk Z_[i[hS[_j [hmehX[d ^WX[d& kdZ L_[ m[hZ[d jWjisY^b_Y^ c[^h l[hb_[h[d&Z[dd Wbb[i& mWi L_[ [hh[_Y^j ^WX[d& m_hZ i_Y^ _d B^d[d _d [jmWi?WbiY^[i l[hmWdZ[bd( =W][][d ]_Xj [i a[_d A[_bc_jj[b(=Wi O[hij[^[d Z[h Gejm[dZ_]a[_j& K[][bd kdZ Z_h[aj[d :d'

m[_ikd][d pk ][^ehY^[d& ckii Wk\ Z[h >ha[ddjd_i B^h[h F[Y^W'd_i_[hj^[_j kdZ B^h[h A_b\bei_]a[_j ]hudZ[d( P[dd Z_[i[ >ha[ddj'd_i d_Y^j ijWha ][dk] _ij& iebbj[d L_[ X[ii[h mWhj[d kdZ i_Y^ c_j][mt^db_Y^[h :hX[_j X[iY^s\j_][d5 LjkZ_kc Z[i Loij[ci& :hX[_j_d @hkff[d kdZ ie m[_j[h( P[dd L_[ Z_[i[ :hX[_j [hdij^W\j jkdkdZ Wd Wbb[ K[][bd Z[da[d& m_hZ L_[ ZWi pkh >ha[ddjd_i B^h[iSkijWdZi kdZ B^h[h ;[Zuh\d_ii[ \u^h[d( :X[h L_[ Zuh\[d d_Y^j pkbWd][ pWkZ[hd( P[dd L_[ pkh m_hab_Y^[d :hX[_j aecc[d mebb[d&cuii[d L_[ i_Y^ X[[_b[d( L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii Z_[ Ft]b_Y^'a[_j& Z_[ ^[kj[ [n_ij_[hj( B^d[d d_Y^j deY^cWbi X[][]d[d ckii(=khY^ St][hd kdZ pk bWd][i PWhj[d atdd[d L_[ Wbb B^h[ <^Wd'Y[d l[hb_[h[d(P[dd L_[ i_Y^ pkh :hX[_j [djiY^b_[ii[d kdZ Wbb[i Wap[fj_[h[d&

mWi _d Z[h :hX[_j lehaeccj& ie cuii[d L_[ b[hd[d& iY^d[bb pkZ[da[d( P[dd B^d[d [_d[ :k\]WX[ Wd][Xej[d m_hZ& cuii[d L_[PMDMOQ Wdjmehj[d& ZWii L_[ i_[ Wdd[^c[d( P[dd L_[ pt][hd eZ[hi_Y^ c_j Z[h :djmehj S[_j bWii[d& m_hZ ZWi :d][Xej Z[h :k\]WX[pkhuYa][pe][d kdZ d_Y^j m_[Z[h^ebj m[hZ[d( >i cW] B^d[d S[_j

-AHAKFNICAI QNH ,K>AEMLAIML?DGNLL

"%*

[_d][hskcj m[hZ[d& X[leh L_[ jWjisY^b_Y^ pk jkd X[]_dd[d& mWiB^d[d ][iW]j mkhZ[& WX[h L_[ cuii[d Z_[ :k\]WX[ ie\ehj Wdd[^'c[d( >_d O[hikY^& Z_[ =_d][ ZkhY^pkifh[Y^[d& [_d[ _hed_iY^[&c_iijhWk_iY^[ eZ[h d[]Wj_l[ >_dij[bbkd]& ?khY^j eZ[h FWd][b WdO[hjhWk[d m[hZ[d Z_[ :k\]WX[ ie\ehj kdct]b_Y^ cWY^[d( P[ddL_[ [_d @[\u^b Z[i St][hdi Wd Z[h :k\]WX[& Z_[ B^d[d Wd][Xej[dmkhZ[& mW^hd[^c[d& Z[da[d L_[ Wd B^h[ F[Y^Wd_i_[hj^[_j& Z[d'a[d L_[ Wd B^h[ G[]Wj_l_jsj& Wd B^h[d >_][dm_bb[d ' WX[h Z[da[dL_[ iY^d[bb( L_[ atdd[d Wbb[_d[ d_Y^ji ][][d B^h[ iY^mWY^[dL[_j[d Wkih_Y^j[d( =_[ :k\]WX[d& Z_[ B^d[d Wd][Xej[d m[hZ[d&^WX[d pkc S_[b& B^d[d pk ^[b\[d( P[dd L_[ pt][hd eZ[h i_[pkhuYam[_i[d& m[_i[d L_[ A_b\[ pkhuYa( =Wi ckii B^d[d _d B^h[cO[hijWdZ ltbb_] abWh i[_d(=_[ >ha[ddjd_i B^h[h A_b\bei_]a[_j kdZ B^h[i j_[\[d LY^bW\i

ckii f[hcWd[dj _d B^d[d ][][dmshj_] i[_d( L_[ atdd[d i_[ZWZkhY^ ijsha[d& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ ZWk[hdZ Wd B^h[ G_Y^j_]a[_j& B^h[LY^b[Y^j_]a[_j& B^h[ LY^msY^[d Wbb[h ct]b_Y^[d :hj [h_dd[hd( L_[^WX[d WXiebkj d_Y^ji& mehWk\ L_[ ijebp i[_d atdd[d( L_[ ^WX[dd_Y^ji& mehWk\ L_[ B^h Nhj[_b ]hudZ[d atdd[d( P[dd L_[ Wk\h_Y^'j_] c_j i_Y^ i_dZ& atdd[d L_[ Wbb Z_[ F_ii]h_\\[ kdZ Wbb Z_[ ?[^b[hi[^[d& Z_[ L_[ cWY^j[d& m[dd L_[ Wk\ [_][d[ ?Wkij pk ^WdZ[bdl[hikY^j[d( L_[ atdd[d d_Y^j h_Y^j_] Z[da[d( L_[ atdd[d d_Y^jh_Y^j_] \u^b[d( L_[ X[dtj_][d ZWk[hdZ[ A_b\[& kdZ L_[ atdd[d i_[X[aecc[d( :X[h L_[ cuii[d ZW\uh X[pW^b[d ' pkc_dZ[ij ZWc_j&ZWii L_[ d_Y^j Wh]kc[dj_[h[d(L_[ cuii[d [_d[ ]_]Wdj_iY^[ :hX[_j b[_ij[d& m[dd L_[ WdZ[hi

m[hZ[d mebb[d( P_[ atdd[d L_[ `[cWbi ^e\\[d& _h][dZ[jmWi pk[hh[_Y^[d& m[dd L_[ X[_ Z[d [hij[d LY^h_jj[d pt][hd kdZ Wh]k'c[dj_[h[d eZ[h deY^ d_Y^j [_dcWb Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j Z[h A_b\[[ha[dd[d eZ[h c_iijhWk_iY^ kdZ d[]Wj_l m[hZ[d9P[dd L_[ [hdij^W\j WhX[_j[d mebb[d& cuii[d L_[ l_[b[ =_d][ _d

i_Y^ X[msbj_][d( L_[ atdd[d B^h[ Oehkhj[_b[& B^h[ ijWhh[d rX[h'p[k]kd][d& B^h[ f[hitdb_Y^[d BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed[d eZ[h :d_cei_js'j[d d_Y^j c_j i_Y^ iY^b[ff[d(:X[h l[hikY^[d L_[ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] pk l[hij[^[d& ZWii f[hitdb_Y^

d_Y^j _cc[h \WbiY^ X[Z[kj[j( I[hitdb_Y^ i[_d& aWdd B^d[d X[_ Z[h

"&!

:hX[_j ^[b\[d& WX[h WkY^ i[^h ][\s^hb_Y^ i[_d& m[dd [i d_Y^jZkhY^ Z[d DWcf\ c_j BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ Z_[ >ha[ddjd_i B^h[hF[Y^Wd_i_[hj^[_j kdZ B^h[h LY^msY^[ ][bskj[hj _ij( O[hikY^[dL_[ Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j lehisjpb_Y^[d E[_Z[di kdZ X[mkiij[h :d'ijh[d]kd] pk l[hij[^[d( >i i_dZ Z_[i Z_[ X[_Z[d [_dp_][d =_d][&Z_[ L_[ sdZ[hd kdZ B^h[c S_[b ds^[h Xh_d][d atdd[d(Oehisjpb_Y^[i E[_Z[d ^[_iij d_Y^j dejm[dZ_][i E[_Z[d& ZWi L_[

i_Y^ i[bXij Wk\[hb[]j ^WX[d( >i X[Z[kj[j [_d[ >_dij[bbkd] Z[cE[_Z[d ][][duX[h( E[_Z[d aWdd Wbi K[ikbjWj B^h[h @[\u^b[&@[ZWda[d kdZ AWdZbkd][d _d O[hX_dZkd] c_j B^h[h :k\]WX[Wk\jh[j[d5 [i aWdd led Wbb[_d[ Wbi >h][Xd_i B^h[h [_][d[d ?[^b[heZ[h Wbi >h][Xd_i Z[h AWdZbkd][d& >_dij[bbkd][d eZ[h @[\u^b[WdZ[h[h E[kj[ aecc[d( :X[h m_Y^j_] _ij B^h[ >_dij[bbkd] Z[cE[_Z[d ][][duX[h( >i m_hZ lehisjpb_Y^& m[dd L_[ d_Y^j ZW][][dh[X[bb_[h[d& m[dd L_[ [i d_Y^j pk l[hc[_Z[d l[hikY^[d& m[dd L_[d_Y^j `[cWdZ[d ZW\uh WdabW][d& m[dd L_[ [i Wbi [_d[d cec[djWddejm[dZ_][d M[_b B^h[h :hX[_j Wap[fj_[h[d kdZ Wbi [_d F_jj[b& B^hS_[b pk [hh[_Y^[d(;[mkiij[ :dijh[d]kd] _ij Z_[ :dijh[d]kd]& Z_[ Wk\ O[hij[^[d

X[hk^j5 pkWbb[h[hij O[hij[^[d _^h[h Gejm[dZ_]a[_j kdZ O[hij['^[d Z[h @hudZ[& Z_[ i_[ dejm[dZ_] cWY^[d( =[h AWkfj]hkdZ \uhZ_[ X[mkiij[ :dijh[d]kd] _ij B^h ;[Zuh\d_i& Z_[ Psbb[ Z[h F['Y^Wd_i_[hj^[_j pk ZkhY^Xh[Y^[d& Z[i >_][dm_bb[di kdZ Z[i FWd'][bi Wd L[bXij'>h_dd[hd& Z_[ ][][dmshj_] B^h L[_d WkicWY^[d(=Wc_j L_[ X[ii[h Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j l[hij[^[d& :k\]WX[d& Z_[

B^d[d ][][X[d m[hZ[d& e^d[ St][hd pk Wap[fj_[h[d& Z_[ Gej'm[dZ_]a[_j _dj[dj_edWb[d E[_Z[di kdZ X[mkiij[h :dijh[d]kd]&Z[da[d L_[ uX[h Z_[ Oehij[bbkd][d dWY^& Z_[ L_[ pkh :hX[_jhu^hj[d& Z[da[d L_[ Wd ZWi [hij[ >ha[dd[d B^h[h F[Y^Wd_i_[hj'^[_j kdZ Wd ZWi [hij[ >ha[dd[d& ZWii L_[ d_Y^ji m_ii[d( Sk;[]_dd [haWddj[d L_[ ZWi kdZ ikY^j[d A_b\[& WX[h dkd X[pm[_'\[bd L_[& eX L_[ m_hab_Y^ ZWi jkd cuii[d& mWi B^d[d ][iW]j m_hZ(NdZ L_[ l[hikY^[d& P[][ pk \_dZ[d& kc [i pk l[hc[_Z[d& kc Wk\B^h[c [_][d[d Nhj[_b kdZ B^h[c [_][d[d O[hij[^[d pk X[^Whh[d(L_[ l[hijWdZ[d [_dcWb abWh& ZWii B^h Nhj[_b kdZ B^h O[hij[^[d\WbiY^ kdZ iY^mWY^ i_dZ& WX[h dkd l[hikY^[d L_[& led d[k[c

"&"

ZWhWd \[ijpk^Wbj[d( L_[ mebb[d i_[ d_Y^j Wk\][X[d( Gkd& L_[atdd[d i_[ X[mW^h[d& WX[h L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii L_[ c_j_^d[d Wbb[i X[^Wbj[d m[hZ[d& mWi \WbiY^ kdZ iY^mWY^ _d B^d[d _ij(>i ]_Xj a[_d[ AWbX^[_j[d( L_[ cuii[d i_Y^ [djiY^[_Z[d( Pebb[dL_[ WhX[_j[d eZ[h d_Y^j9

-AHAKFNICAI QNK ,K>AEM =I LE?D LAG>LM

O[hikY^[d L_[ i_Y^ pk [h_dd[hd kdZ kdWk\^thb_Y^ Wbb Z_[ E_d_[d _dB^h[c @[ZsY^jd_i pk X[^Wbj[d& Wd Z[d[d L_[ WhX[_j[d cuii[d( L_[cuii[d Wc O[hijWdZ& Wc ;[mkiiji[_d& Wd Z[d >cej_ed[d kdZ WcP_bb[d WhX[_j[d( O[hikY^[d L_[ pk l[hij[^[d& ZWii `[Z[ E_d_[ Z[h:hX[_j X[iedZ[h[ :k\c[haiWca[_j [h\ehZ[hj& X[iedZ[h[ F[j^e'Z[d kdZ X[iedZ[h[i O[hij[^[d( GWY^ [_d_][h S[_j m[hZ[d Wbb[ l_[h[_dWdZ[h pk ^[b\[d X[]_dd[d& kdZ ifsj[h m[hZ[d i_[ _d [_di l[h'iY^c[bp[d& WX[h pk ;[]_dd cuii[d Z_[ l_[h E_d_[d ][jh[ddj bWk\[d(O[hikY^[d L_[ Z_[ :hX[_j Wd B^h[c <COPQ?LB pk l[hij[^[d(

Nc Z_[i[ :hX[_j pk jkd& cuii[d L_[ kdWk\^thb_Y^ Wbb Z_[ BZ[[dZ[i Loij[ci ZkhY^][^[d& Z_[ i_Y^ Wk\ Z[d F[diY^[d kdZ ZWiNd_l[hikc X[p_[^[d kdZ X[iedZ[hi `[d[& Z_[ Wk\ Z_[ IioY^ebe']_[& ZWi LjkZ_kc Z[h >cej_ed[d& Z_[ l_[b[d yBY^iz& Z_[ Ndj[hj[_'bkd] Z[i F[diY^[d& LY^[_df[hitdb_Y^a[_j& I[hcWd[dj[i yBY^z&>iej[h_a& LY^kb[d kdZ :hX[_jic[j^eZ[d X[pk]d[^c[d( ;[^Wb'j[d L_[ Z_[i[ Oehij[bbkd][d _d B^h[c @[ZsY^jd_i& eZ[h aecc[dL_[ pkc_dZ[ij ie e\j m_[ ct]b_Y^ Wk\ i_[ pkhuYa( B^h @[_ij ZWh\d_[cWbi kdjsj_] i[_d( Bd `[Z[c ct]b_Y^[d :k][dXb_Ya cuii[d L_[uX[h Z_[ [_d[ eZ[h Z_[ WdZ[h[ BZ[[ dWY^Z[da[d& uX[h Z[d [_d[deZ[h Z[d WdZ[h[d :if[aj Z[i Loij[ci kdZ Z[h F[j^eZ[d(O[hikY^[d L_[ Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j pk l[hij[^[d& Z_[ F[j^eZ[d

kdZ Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h :hX[_j _d 0FO NCOP[LJGAFCP 3C@CL [_dpk\u^h[dkdZ leh Wbb[c Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j h_Y^j_][d =[da[di uX[h Wbb[f[hitdb_Y^[d ?hW][d kdZ _^h[d ct]b_Y^[d ;[pk] Wk\ B^h[ :hX[_j(H^d[ Z_[i m[hZ[d L_[ d_[cWbi >_d^[_j [hh[_Y^[d( L_[ atdd[dd_Y^j [_d[c M[_b _d i_Y^ !][ijWjj[d& \WbiY^ pk Z[da[d kdZ ^e\\[d&ZWii [_d WdZ[h[h M[_b _d B^d[d h_Y^j_] Z[da[d m_hZ(

"&#

=Wi O[hij[^[d led Ih_dp_f_[d& K[][bd kdZ F[j^eZ[d Z[h9AFRJ?O@CGQ _ij [_d[h Z[h m_Y^j_]ij[d M[_b[ Z[h :hX[_j Wc O[h'ijWdZ( =[h O[hijWdZ ckii ZWh_d ][uXj m[hZ[d& _d i[_d[h PW^bpm_iY^[d h_Y^j_] kdZ \WbiY^ d_Y^j pk pt][hd& [h ckii lebbaecc[dh_Y^j_] Z_[ ;[p_[^kd][d pk c_h& pk WdZ[h[d E[kj[d _d Z[h :hX[_jkdZ pk E[kj[d Wkii[h^WbX l[hij[^[d(=[h O[hijWdZ ckii X[]h[_\[d& ZWii cWd ]b[_Y^ pk ;[]_dd

[hdij^W\j[h :hX[_j Wd i_Y^ i[bXij i[_d[ ?h[_^[_j Wk\]_Xj( Sm[_\[b'bei _ij [i [_d[ _bbkieh_iY^[ ?h[_^[_j& WX[h m[dd cWd i_Y^ Z[d@[i[jp[d Z[h :hX[_j kdj[hij[bbj& ij[^j cWd dWjuhb_Y^ kdj[h c[^h@[i[jp[d Wbi `[cWdZ Wkii[h^WbX Z[h :hX[_j(O[hikY^[d L_[ Z_[ ;[Z[kjkd] Z[i 9AFTCGECLP _d Z[h :hX[_j pk

l[hij[^[d& Z_[ ;[Z[kjkd] Z[h (RDOGAFQGEICGQ kdZ Z_[ ;[Z[kjkd]Z[h=?FOFCGQ#

FWd aWdd d_[cWbi [hmWhj[d& _h][dZ [jmWi Wki Z[h :hX[_j pkX[aecc[d& m[dd cWd d_Y^j iY^m[_][d aWdd& me [i \uh ZWi Pe^bZ[h :hX[_j d_Y^j dejm[dZ_] _ij pk ifh[Y^[d( =_[ E[kj[ h[Z[dWbb][c[_d pk l_[b& h[Z[d pk _^h[h [_][d[d ;[\h_[Z_]kd]& Wki LjebpuX[h i_Y^& Wki >_j[ba[_j& Wki Z[c O[hbWd][d& Wd][d[^c[ eZ[hiY^c[hp^W\j[ >h\W^hkd][d deY^ [_dcWb pk ZkhY^b[X[d5 i_[ ifh['Y^[d& m[_b i_[ Z[h BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed c_j Z[c K[Z[d d_Y^j m_Z[hij['^[d atdd[d& eZ[h m[_b i_[ d_Y^j [ha[dd[d& ZWii i_[ d_Y^j Wk\ [_d[X[ij_ccj[ :hj eZ[h uX[h [_d[d X[iedZ[h[d @[][dijWdZ ifh['Y^[d iebbj[d( L[^h e\j b_[]j Z_[ X[iedZ[h[ :dp_[^kd]iahW\j Z[iK[Z[di _d Z[h MWjiWY^[& ZWii i_[ m_ii[d& ZWii i_[ d_Y^j h[Z[diebbj[d(BY^ c[_d[& ZWii cWd d_Y^j [_dcWb c_j E[kj[d Wkii[h^WbX Z[h

:hX[_j ifh[Y^[d iebb( =Wc_j ckii kc][]Wd][d mehZ[d i[_d&bWd][ X[leh [_d[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j pk [hdij^W\j[h :hX[_j _d kdi [dj'ij[^j(PWi _Y^ c[_d[ _ij& ZWii cWd i[^h Wk\ Z[h Akj i[_d ckii& ie]Wh

c_j i[_d[d ?h[kdZ[d _d Z[h :hX[_j pk ifh[Y^[d& X_i cWd led c_hWk\][\ehZ[hj m_hZ& pk h[Z[d(>X[d\Wbbi aWdd cWd d_Y^ji [hmWhj[d& m[dd cWd d_Y^j c_j i_Y^

i[bXij kdZ c_j c_h Wk\h_Y^j_] i[_d aWdd( F_j WdZ[h[d E[kj[d _dZ[h :hX[_j aWdd cWd [_d[ ][][di[_j_][ O[h[_dXWhkd] _c A_d'

"&$

Xb_Ya Wk\ H\\[d^[_j uX[h Wbb[i eZ[h _d X[pk] Wk\ X[ij_ccj[ =_d][^WX[d& WX[h Z_[i[ aWdd dkh c_j c[_d[h Skij_cckd] kdZ c[_d[hlebbijsdZ_][d D[ddjd_i Z[i @[iW]j[d ][jhe\\[d m[hZ[d(P[_j[h^_d aWdd cWd d_Y^j [hmWhj[d& _h][dZ[jmWi _d Z[h :h'

X[_j pk [hh[_Y^[d& m[dd cWd i_Y^ \uhY^j[j eZ[h i_Y^ m[_][hj& c_h&WkY^ e^d[ WkiZhuYab_Y^[ :k\\ehZ[hkd]& Z_[ PW^h^[_j pk iW][d(L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii d_[cWdZ& Z[h _d Z[h :hX[_j Xb[_X[d

ctY^j[& `[cWdZ WdZ[h[d _d Z[h :hX[_j X_jj[d aWdd& [jmWi lehc_h ][^[_c pk ^Wbj[d& kdZ d_[cWdZ aWdd ZWi O[hifh[Y^[d][X[d& _h][dZ[jmWi ][^[_c pk ^Wbj[d( =_[i _ij [_d i[^h m_Y^j_][hIkdaj(FWd ckii _cc[h X[h[_j i[_d& c_h Wbb[i uX[h i_Y^ i[bXij kdZ

Wbb[i& mWi cWd uX[h [_d[ WdZ[h[ I[hied [h\s^hj& pk [hps^b[d(NdZ cWd ckii [i led i_Y^ Wki jkd& e^d[ ZWhWd [h_dd[hj pkm[hZ[d& kdZ pmWh c_j lebb[c ;[]h[_\[d& ZWii Z_[i [_d m[i[dj'b_Y^[h Ikdaj Z[h :hX[_j _ij(L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii L_[ d_Y^j [_d[d M[_b Z[h K[][bd

Wdd[^c[d kdZ [_d[d WdZ[h[d M[_b pkhuYam[_i[d eZ[h l[h][ii[datdd[d( L_[ cuii[d Z_[ ;[Z[kjkd] Z[h =_ip_fb_d _d Z[h :hX[_jX[]h[_\[d(L_[ cuii[d Z_[ ;[Z[kjkd] Z[h Pehj[ yHf\[hd L_[ B^h E[_Z[dz

l[hij[^[d& [X[die Z_[ h_Y^j_][d :k][dXb_Ya[& Z_[ h_Y^j_][d F['j^eZ[d iem_[ S_[b kdZ ct]b_Y^[ >h][Xd_ii[ iebY^[d Hf\[hi(L_[ cuii[d Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j l[hij[^[d& ieh]\sbj_] pk i[_d&

m[dd L_[ yBY^z iW][d( P[dd L_[ uX[h i_Y^ ifh[Y^[d& atdd[d L_[dkh yBY^z iW][d& m[dd L_[ i_Y^[h i_dZ& ZWii L_[ uX[h Z_[ :hX[_jeZ[h BZ[[d eZ[h K[][bd eZ[h Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h :hX[_j ifh[Y^[deZ[h _d rX[h[_dij_cckd] c_j Wbb[d K[][bd kdZ Ih_dp_f_[d( BdWbb[d WdZ[h[d ?sbb[d cuii[d L_[ pk l[hij[^[d l[hikY^[d& m[bY^[hM[_b _d B^d[d ][hWZ[ ifh_Y^j eZ[h Z[daj kdZ _^d [djifh[Y^[dZX[d[dd[d( =_[i[ Oehij[bbkd] ZWh\ d_Y^j uX[hjh_[X[d m[hZ[d( L_[atdd[d e^d[ LY^WZ[d iW][d4 BY^ m[hZ[ ]b[_Y^ S_]Wh[jj[d aWk'\[d( :X[h L_[ atdd[d d_Y^j iW][d4 BY^ cW] Z_[i[d F[diY^[dd_Y^j( L_[ cuii[d ^[hWki\_dZ[d& m[bY^[h M[_b _d B^d[d _^d WX'b[^dj kdZ mWhkc kdZ Zuh\[d i_Y^ Z_[i[ :Xd[_]kd] d_Y^j Wbi@[iWcj^[_j pkiY^h[_X[d(

"&%

L_[ cuii[d Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j Z[h L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd] \uh ZWiL[bXij'LjkZ_kc Z[kjb_Y^ l[hij[^[d( L_[ cuii[d Z[d Ndj[hiY^_[Zpm_iY^[d ?kdaj_ed[d kdZ ;[mkiiji[_d X[]h[_\[d( P[dd L_[ Wd?kdaj_ed[d Z[da[d& cuii[d L_[ _cc[h _d Z[h EW][ i[_d& Z_[_dj[bb[ajk[bb[d& [cej_edWb[d& ;[m[]kd]i' kdZ _dij_daj_l[d?kdaj_ed[d pk kdj[hiY^[_Z[d5 fei_j_l[ kdZ d[]Wj_l[ M[_b[ Z[hS[djh[d _c _dj[bb[ajk[bb[d kdZ _dij_daj_l[d S[djhkc5 ;[m[']kd]i'& [cej_edWb[ kdZ _dj[bb[ajk[bb[ M[_b[ _d Wbb[d S[djh[d( L_[cuii[d Z_[ :k\c[haiWca[_j ijkZ_[h[d kdZ l[hij[^[d& m_[ L_[ZkhY^ ZWi LjkZ_kc Z[h :k\c[haiWca[_j M[_b[ led S[djh[d kd'j[hiY^[_Z[d atdd[d(Bd X[pk] Wk\ ZWi LjkZ_kc Z[i )CTRPPQPCGLP cuii[d L_[ i_Y^

Z[ii[d [h_dd[hd& mWi L_[ uX[h LY^bW\ kdZ PWY^'SkijWdZ m_ii[d&Z_[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[d >X[d[d Z[i PWY^'SkijWdZi kdZ Z_[ O[hX_d'Zkd] ^t^[h[h S[djh[d c_j ^t^[h[d ;[mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[d( L_[cuii[d ZWhWd Z[da[d& ZWii B^h S_[b _ij& _d B^d[d ^t^[h[ ;['mkiiji[_dipkijsdZ[ ^[hlehpkhk\[d kdZ [_d[ O[hX_dZkd] c_j ^t'^[h[d S[djh[d ^[hpkij[bb[d( L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii ^t^[h[S[djh[d l_[b[ kdX[aWddj[ ?kdaj_ed[d ^WX[d& Z_[ _d Z[h ][mt^d'b_Y^[d LfhWY^[ d_Y^j X[iY^h_[X[d m[hZ[d atdd[d( L_[ ^WX[d l_[bc[^h FWY^j kdZ Zh_d][d j_[\[h _d Z_[ GWjkh][i[jp[ [_d( L_[cuii[d ZWhWd Z[da[d& ZWii l_[b[& \uh kdi[h[d ][mt^db_Y^[dO[hijWdZ kdbtiXWh[& IheXb[c[ \uh ^t^[h[ S[djh[d [habshXWhm[hZ[d atdd[d( NdZ L_[ cuii[d _cc[h pkh BZ[[ Z[i I[hcWd[d'j[d yBY^z pkhuYaa[^h[d kdZ [ha[dd[d& m_[ m[_j L_[ ZWled [dj'\[hdj kdZ m_[l_[b[ :dijh[d]kd][d kdZ Hf\[h dtj_] i_dZ& kc [ipk [hbWd][d(;[_ Z[h :hX[_j Wc )CTRPPQPCGL cuii[d L_[ Wbi Wbb[h[hij[i

X[]h[_\[d& ZWii Z_[i[ :hX[_j ZkhY^Wki fhWaj_iY^ _ij( M^[eh[j_'iY^[i LjkZ_kc m_hZ d_Y^j ^[b\[d( Sm[_j[di cuii[d L_[ l[hij[^[d&ZWii Z_[ :hX[_j Wc ;[mkiiji[_d dkh >h][Xd_ii[ Xh_d][d aWdd&m[dd i_[ X[ijsdZ_] _ij& eZ[h Z_[i ie m[_j m_[ ct]b_Y^ m_hZ(Lfhkd]^W\j[& pk\sbb_][& kdj[hXheY^[d[ :hX[_j aWdd a[_d[ K[ikb'jWj[ p[_j_][d( O[hikY^[d L_[ Wbie ^[hWkipk\_dZ[d& m_[ L_[ i_Y^ pkaedj_dk_[hb_Y^[h :hX[_j Wc ;[mkiiji[_d Xh_d][d atdd[d( Sk;[]_dd ckii L_[ B^h O[hijWdZ hu^h[d( L_[ ZWk[hdZ Wd Z_[ Gej'

"&&

m[dZ_]a[_j& i_Y^ B^h[h i[bXij pk [h_dd[hd cW^d[d kdZ B^d[d^[b\[d& Z_[ :k][dXb_Ya[ Z[i G_Y^j'>h_dd[hdi pk [h\Wii[d(:X[h [ha[dd[d L_[& ZWii Z[h O[hijWdZ L_[ dkh Wk\ Z_[i[ :hX[_j

SMO@COCGQCL kdZ L_[ b[Z_]b_Y^ [_d[ ][m_ii[ Ljh[Ya[ m[_j hu^h[daWdd( Bd Z[h :hX[_j Wc ;[mkiiji[_d atdd[d L_[ dkh c_j A_b\[ Z[iP_bb[di kdZ Z[h @[\u^b[ \ehjiY^h[_j[d(=[da[d L_[ WkY^ ZWhWd& ZWii ;[mkiiji[_d Wd Z[h Esd][ Z[h

Fec[dj[ led ;[mkiiji[_d kdZ Wd Z[h Ask\_]a[_j Z[i :k\jh[j[diZ_[i[h Fec[dj[ ][c[ii[d m[hZ[d aWdd(:dijh[d]kd][d& ;[mkiiji[_d _d i_Y^ pk [hp[k][d& Xh_d][d pk

:d\Wd] \Wij [_d @[\u^b Z[h Ae\\dkd]ibei_]a[_j c_j i_Y^( :X[hi[^h XWbZ m[hZ[d i_[ K[ikbjWj[ pk p[_j_][d X[]_dd[d( L_[ m[hZ[dZ_[i[ >h][Xd_ii[ ZWZkhY^ X[c[ha[d& ZWii L_[ :k][dXb_Ya[ led;[mkiiji[_d X[eXWY^j[d& Z_[ led i[bXij e^d[ _h][dZ[_d[ :d'ijh[d]kd] B^h[hi[_ji Wk\jh[j[d( Bd PW^h^[_j i_dZ i_[ ZWi >h][Xd_ilehWd][]Wd][d[h :dijh[d]kd][d(=_[ rXkd]& @[ZWda[d pk ijeff[d& ^_b\j Z[c L[bXij'>h_dd[hd

i[^h ijWha( DWcf\ c_j >_dX_bZkd] kdZ c[Y^Wd_iY^[c K[Z[d c_ji_Y^ i[bXij kdZ WdZ[h[d _ij led :d\Wd] Wd dejm[dZ_]( :X[h cWdm_hZ deY^ ijsha[h[ A_b\[ ZWhWki [hbWd][d& ZWii cWd i[_d E[_Z[def\[hj( :bb[_d Z_[i aWdd Z_[ :hX[_j Wc ;[mkiiji[_d h[Wb kdZ[hdij^W\j cWY^[d( Oeh^[h _ij Wbb[i dkh OehX[h[_jkd] ZW\uh(=_[ :hX[_j Wd Z[d .CD\FJCL m_[ Z_[ :hX[_j Wc ;[mkiiji[_d

cuii[d led :d\Wd] Wd fhWaj_iY^ i[_d( L_[ X[]_ddj c_j Z[cDWcf\ ][][d ZWi :kiZhuYa[d d[]Wj_l[h @[\u^b[( P[dd [_d[][m_ii[ Dedjhebb[ [hmehX[d _ij& kdZ m[dd L_[ lebbWk\ Wbb[iY^b[Y^j[d L[_j[d Z[h d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[ _d B^h[c [_][d[d E[X[dkdZ Z[c E[X[d _c Wbb][c[_d[d l[hij[^[d& cuii[d L_[ [_d[dIbWd \uh B^h[ f[hitdb_Y^[ :hX[_j Wd BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed& >_dX_bZkd]kdZ Eu][d \uh Z_[ X[iedZ[h[d ?ehc[d& Z_[ i_[ _d B^d[d Wdd[^'c[d& Wk\ij[bb[d(Bd Z_[i[h :hX[_j Zuh\[d L_[ a[_d[ :d]ij ^WX[d& i_Y^ m[^ pk

jkd( O[hij[^[d L_[& ZWii L_[ dkh ZWZkhY^& ZWii L_[ i_Y^ i[bXij m[^jkd& [h^Wbj[d atdd[d& mWi L_[ mudiY^[d( L_[ atdd[d ZWi jkd&_dZ[c L_[ K[][bd X[WY^j[d( Skc ;[_if_[b& _dZ[c L_[ [jmWi uX[hi_Y^ i[bXij eZ[h WdZ[h[ skii[hd& ZWi L_[ d_Y^j iW][d mebb[d&

"&'

iedZ[hd ZWi B^d[d X[\e^b[d mkhZ[( L_[ atdd[d WkY^ [_d[d i[^h[cej_edWb[d SkijWdZ _d i_Y^ X[m_ha[d& m[dd L_[ i_Y^ ZWhWk\lehX[h[_j[d& Wk\ Z_[i[ :hj pk ifh[Y^[d& ZWi ^[_iij& i_Y^ lehij[b'b[d& [i muhZ[ B^d[d X[\e^b[d& Z_[ PW^h^[_j uX[h Z_[ iY^m_[h_]'ij[d kdZ _dj_cij[d =_d][ pk iW][d& led Z[d[d L_[ ]bWkX[d& ZWiii_[ ltbb_] l[hij[Yaj eZ[h l[h^ubbj i_dZ(>ha[dd[d L_[ WkY^& ZWii [i l_[b[ WdZ[h[ :hj[d led E[_Z[d

]_Xj& Z_[ L_[ ZkhY^bWk\[d m[hZ[d& X[leh L_[ B^h S_[b [hh[_Y^[d(O[hikY^[d L_[ pk l[hij[^[d& ZWii E[_Z[d ZWi CGLWGEC ?IQGSC

7OGLWGN GL RLP _ij& ZWi _d ^t^[h[i ?u^b[d l[hmWdZ[bj m[hZ[d aWdd' mWi WkY^ ^t^[h[i =[da[d kdZ ^t^[h[i O[hij[^[d _ij(AWX[d L_[ a[_d[ :d]ij& Wd B^h[ @[\u^b[ pk Z[da[d kdZ

P_Z[hifhuY^[ _d _^d[d pk [djZ[Ya[d& WkY^ m[dd [i B^d[d m[^jkj( Gkh m[dd L_[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[ @[\u^b[& Z_[ i_Y^ Wk\ Z[di[bX[d@[][dijWdZ X[p_[^[d& l[h]b[_Y^[d& atdd[d L_[ Ik\\[h _d i_Y^[djZ[Ya[d kdZ l_[bb[_Y^j p[hijth[d& m[dd L_[ ^Whj WhX[_j[d kdZa[_d[ :d]ij ^WX[d& i_Y^ i[bXij m[^ pk jkd(>h_dd[hd L_[ i_Y^& ZWii Z_[i L_[ pkc >hmWY^[d Z[i @[m_ii[di

\u^h[d m_hZ& mWi ZWi ]b[_Y^p[_j_][ ?u^b[d Wbb[h m_Z[hifhuY^b_Y^[d@[\u^b[ _ij5 kdZ [h_dd[hd L_[ i_Y^& ZWii ZWi >hmWY^[d Z[i@[m_ii[di [_d dejm[dZ_][h LY^h_jj _ij& kc Wk\ Z[d ^t^[h[d;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ ^_duX[hpkm[Y^i[bd(rX[d L_[ i_Y^ ZWh_d& BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ >_dX_bZkd] led Z[d

d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d WXpkp_[^[d& e^d[ i_[ pk p[hijth[d( L_[ atd'd[d ltbb_] kd[hmWhj[j[ kdZ i[^h _dj[h[iiWdj[ K[ikbjWj[ [h^Wbj[d(E[hd[d L_[& @[\u^b[ _d ][_ij_][ >_dij[bbkd][d pk l[hmWdZ[bd

kdZ i_[ _d Z[d O[hijWdZ pk uX[h\u^h[d( O_[b[ @[\u^b[& Z_[ _c[cej_edWb[d S[djhkc ltbb_] dkjpbei kdZ ie]Wh iY^sZb_Y^ i_dZ&m[_b i_[ Zehj d_Y^j e^d[ BZ[dj_\_aWj_ed kdZ >_dX_bZkd] [n_ij_[h[datdd[d& m[hZ[d Wbi ][_ij_][ >_dij[bbkd][d ]Wdp dujpb_Y^ kdZ^[b\[d Z[h L[bXijX[eXWY^jkd]& Z[h ;[eXWY^jkd] WdZ[h[h E[kj[kdZ Z[c Wbb][c[_d[d O[hij[^[d(O[hikY^[d L_[& Wbb B^h[ @[\u^b[ ms^h[dZ Z[h ]Wdp[d S[_j& _d

Z[h L_[ c_j Z_[i[c Loij[c l[hXkdZ[d i_dZ& ZkhY^pk][^[d& @['\u^b[& Z_[ i_Y^ Wk\ ZWi Loij[c i[bXij X[p_[^[d& Wk\ c_Y^& Wk\ L_[i[bXij kdZ Wk\ WdZ[h[ _d Z[h :hX[_j(

"&(

O[hikY^[d L_[& i_Y^ i[bXij ][][duX[h Wk\h_Y^j_] pk i[_d( >h'a[dd[d L_[& m_[ L_[ _cc[h l[hikY^j ^WX[d& Wki B^h[h M[_bdW^c[Wd Z[h :hX[_j Oehj[_b[ pk p_[^[d5 pkc ;[_if_[b ZWZkhY^& ZWii L_[Z_[ X[iedZ[h[ Bdj_c_jsj& Z_[ kdj[h E[kj[d _d Z[h :hX[_j [djij[^j_d\eb][ ][c[_diWc[d fioY^ebe]_iY^[d LjkZ_kci kdZ Z[i O[h'iY^m_dZ[di l_[b[h Ik\\[h& X[dkjpj[d& kc ?h[kdZiY^W\j[d Wk\ Z_[][mt^db_Y^[ c[Y^Wd_iY^[ kdZ i[dj_c[djWb[ :hj pk iY^b_[ii[d&E_[X[iX[p_[^kd][d [_dpk][^[d kdZ ie m[_j[h( L[^[d L_[& m[b'Y^[d Gkjp[d L_[ Wki B^h[h O[hX_dZkd] c_j Z[h :hX[_j ][pe][d^WX[d( >ha[dd[d L_[& m_[ e\j L_[ i[bXijiuY^j_] kdZ X[h[Y^d[dZmWh[d& m_[ m[d_] L_[ Z[h :hX[_j ]WX[d kdZ m_[l_[b L_[ Wki _^hdW^c[d( L[^[d L_[& m_[l_[b :Xms][d _d B^h[d >_dij[bbkd][dmWh& m_[ l_[b[ ?ehZ[hkd][d kdZ m_[l_[b :Xb[^dkd]& X[iedZ[him[dd E[kj[ B^d[d pk ^[b\[d l[hikY^j[d( O[hikY^[d L_[ pk i[^[d&m_[ Whci[b_] B^h[ P[hjiY^sjpkd] Z[h :hX[_j mWh& kdZ m_[l_[b L_[ZWZkhY^ l[hiskcj[d( O[hikY^[d L_[ pk i[^[d& m_[ jth_Y^j L_[mWh[d& Z[d d[]Wj_l[d :di_Y^j[d led E[kj[d :kiZhkYa pk ][X[d&Z_[ B^d[d ^sjj[d ^[b\[d atdd[d& kdZ led Z[d[d l_[b[ X[h[_jil[hiY^mkdZ[d i_dZ( O[hikY^[d L_[ i_Y^ pk i[^[d& m_[ L_[ m_ha'b_Y^ i_dZ( Kk^[d L_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j Wki& X[hk^_][d L_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j c_j\WbiY^[d Ae\\dkd][d kdZ >hmWhjkd][d led PkdZ[c eZ[h c_j>djiY^buii[d& ceh][d WdZ[hi pk ^WdZ[bd(=[da[d L_[ uX[h ZWi E[X[d _c Wbb][c[_d[d dWY^& Z[da[d L_[

uX[h Z_[ FWii[d Xb_dZ[h kdZ iY^bW\[dZ[h E[kj[ dWY^& Z_[ a[_d[<^WdY[ _d Z[h P[bj ^WX[d& [jmWi WdZ[h[i pk m[hZ[d( =[da[d L_[uX[h i_Y^ i[bXij dWY^& [ha[dd[d L_[& m_[l_[b[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j[d L_[^Wjj[d& kdZ m_[l_[b[ L_[ X[h[_ji l[hbeh[d ^WX[d kdZ m[_j[h^_djs]b_Y^ l[hb_[h[d(=[da[d L_[ uX[h Z[d MeZ dWY^( L_[ m_ii[d d_Y^j& m_[l_[b S[_j

B^d[d Xb[_Xj( NdZ [h_dd[hd L_[ i_Y^& ZWii i_Y^ Wbb[i m_[Z[h^eb[dm_hZ& m[dd L_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j sdZ[hd& Wbb[ jth_Y^j[d LY^d_jp[h& Wbb[Zkcc[d ?[^b[h& Z[h ]Wdp[ O[hbkij Wd S[_j kdZ @[b[][d^[_j[d 'Wbb[i m_hZ m_[Z[h^ebj m[hZ[d c_j :kidW^c[ Z[h *F?LAC! Z_[ L_[Z_[icWb ^Wjj[d& Z[dd *F?LACL a[^h[d d_[cWbi Wk\ Z_[i[bX[ :hjm_[Z[h(=Wi dsY^ij[ FWb m[hZ[d L_[ dWY^ B^h[h <^WdY[ PRAFCL cui'

"&)

i[d( NdZ kc ZWi pk jkd& m[hZ[d L_[ i_Y^ l_[b[h =_d][ [h_dd[hdcuii[d& kdZ m_[ mebb[d L_[ i_Y^ ZWdd [h_dd[hd& m[dd L_[ i_Y^`[jpj Wd d_Y^ji [h_dd[hd9O[hikY^[d L_[& Z_[ :hX[_j Wc =GJJCL pk l[hij[^[d( L_[ X[]_d'

d[d Z_[i[ :hX[_j c_j :hX[_j Wc O[hijWdZ kdZ Wc ;[mkiiji[_d5:hX[_j Wd Z[d @[\u^b[d ijshaj Z[d P_bb[d deY^ c[^h kdZX[h[_j[j L_[ Wk\ m[_j[h[ :dijh[d]kd][d leh( :X[h m_hab_Y^[:hX[_j Wc P_bb[d \sd]j c_j Z[c O[hikY^ Wd& Z[d >_][dm_bb[d pkl[hij[^[d kdZ ;[_if_[b[ i[_d[h :kiZhuYa[ _d B^h[d AWdZbkd][dpk [djZ[Ya[d( :d Z_[i[c Ikdaj jh_jj Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j ]heii[h:k\h_Y^j_]a[_j c_j B^d[d i[bXij [_d kdZ Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j Z[h;[h[_jiY^W\j& c_j c_h uX[h Z_[ FWd_\[ijWj_ed[d B^h[i >_][dm_b'b[di pk ifh[Y^[d( O[hikY^[d L_[ pk l[hij[^[d& ZWii `[Z[h >dj'iY^bkii& Z[d L_[ Wbb[_d[ kdZ \uh i_Y^ i[bXij \sbb[d kdZ Z[h ]b[_Y^'p[_j_] B^h[ :hX[_j X[hu^hj& Z_[ FWd_\[ijWj_ed led >_][dm_bb[d _ij(Nc Z[d Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d P_bb[d kdZ >_][dm_bb[d X[ii[h

pk X[]h[_\[d& b[hd[d L_[ pm_iY^[d c[Y^Wd_iY^ kdZ X[mkiij pkkdj[hiY^[_Z[d( >_][dm_bb[ _ij _cc[h c[Y^Wd_iY^& P_bb[ _cc[hX[mkiij( L_[ cuii[d l[hij[^[d& ZWii [i ie]Wh Wk\ Z[h c[Y^Wd_'iY^[d >X[d[ [_d[d ]heii[d Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d c[Y^Wd_iY^kdZ X[mkiij ]_Xj( Bc E[X[d _ij Z[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z c_j Z[h O[h'iY^_[Z[d^[_j led m_Y^j_] kdZ kdm_Y^j_] l[hXkdZ[d& WX[h _cE[X[d lWh__[hj Z[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d m_Y^j_] kdZ kdm_Y^j_]kdj[h l[hiY^_[Z[d[d[d E[kj[d kdZ sdZ[hj i_Y^ [djifh[Y^[dZZ[c PWdZ[b Z[h NcijsdZ[( ?uh E[kj[ _d Z[h LY^kb[ _ij ym_Y^'j_]z _cc[h c_j Z[h :hX[_j l[hXkdZ[d(P[dd L_[ i_Y^ i[bXij Wbi c_j Z[h LY^kbWhX[_j l[hXkdZ[d X['

jhWY^j[d eZ[h _d Z[h LY^kbWhX[_j pk i[_d mudiY^[d& WX[h _d X[pk]Wk\ :d][b[][d^[_j[d Z[i E[X[di pt][hd kdZ d_Y^j m_ii[d& m[b'Y^[d P[] L_[ ms^b[d iebb[d& atdd[d L_[ _cc[h ^[hWki\_dZ[d&mWi m_Y^j_][h \uh L_[ _ij& m[dd L_[ Z_[ ?hW][ led Z_[i[c @['i_Y^jifkdaj Wki X[jhWY^j[d(yP_Y^j_]z ij[^j _cc[h ' Wk\ [_d[ eZ[h l_[b[ :hj[d ' c_j Z[h

:hX[_j _d O[hX_dZkd] kdZ aWdd Z[d Ih_dp_f_[d kdZ F[j^eZ[dZ[h :hX[_j d_Y^j m_Z[hifh[Y^[d( F[Y^Wd_iY^[ >djiY^[_Zkd][dkdZ c[Y^Wd_iY^[i AWdZ[bd m_Z[hifh[Y^[d _cc[h Z[d :hX[_ji'

"&*

c[j^eZ[d kdZ iY^WZ[d B^h[h :hX[_j kdZ B^h[h Lj[bbkd] _d Z[h:hX[_j(P[dd L_[ i_Y^ d_Y^j [djiY^[_Z[d atdd[d& mWi m_Y^j_][h _ij kdZ

m[bY^[d P[] L_[ ms^b[d iebb[d& K\PPCL 9GC KGAF DO?ECL#

P[dd L_[ [hdij^W\j _d Z[h :hX[_j i_dZ kdZ _d Z[h :hX[_j i[_dmebb[d& Zuh\[d L_[ a[_d[ >djiY^[_Zkd] jh[\\[d& Z_[ B^h E[X[dX[hu^h[d aWdd& e^d[ pk[hij kc c[_d[ F[_dkd] pk X_jj[d( B^h[[_][d[d >djiY^[_Zkd][d _d [hdij[d :d][b[][d^[_j[d X[hk^[dpmWd]ibsk\_] Wk\ >_][dm_bb[d(:X[h L_[ atdd[d d_Y^j kc c[_d[ F[_dkd] eZ[h c[_d[ >dj'

iY^[_Zkd] X_jj[d& m[dd B^h >djiY^bkii X[h[_ji ][\sbbj _ij& kdZ L_[X[h[_ji Wk\ Z_[i[h ;Wi_i pk ^WdZ[bd X[]edd[d ^WX[d& Z[dd ZWiX[Z[kj[j >_][dm_bb[ _d :aj_ed& kdZ _d iebY^ [_d[c ?Wbb _ij [i pkifsj& c_Y^ pk \hW][d( LY^[_dXWh[ ?hW][d dWY^ c[_d[h F[_dkd]kdZ c[_d[h >djiY^[_Zkd]& m[dd B^h >djiY^bkii X[h[_ji ][jhe\\[d_ij& i_dZ jWjisY^b_Y^ FWd_\[ijWj_ed[d Z[h NdWk\h_Y^j_]a[_j c_jB^d[d i[bXij kdZ O[hikY^[& c_Y^ ZkhY^ Oehif_[][bkd] \WbiY^[hMWjiWY^[d pk jskiY^[d(O[hikY^[d L_[ pk [ha[dd[d& ZWii c[Y^Wd_iY^[ AWdZbkd][d

kdZ c[Y^Wd_iY^[ >djiY^[_Zkd][d _cc[h Wk\ >hms]kd][d Wki'i[h^WbX Z[h :hX[_j X[hk^[d "WkY^ m[dd L_[ i_Y^ ZWled uX[hp[k'][d& ZWii ZWi >h][Xd_i \uh B^h[ :hX[_j dujpb_Y^ i[_d m_hZ#&>hms]kd][d Z[i O[h]du][di& Z[h ;[gk[cb_Y^a[_j eZ[h ;[^W]'b_Y^a[_j5 eZ[h i_[ h[ikbj_[h[d Wki d[]Wj_l[d @[\u^b[d eZ[h Wki>_dX_bZkd](O[hikY^[d L_[ pk l[hij[^[d& ZWii Z_[ c[Y^Wd_iY^ij[ FWd_\['

ijWj_ed& m[dd L_[ _d Z[h :hX[_j i_dZ kdZ _d Z[h :hX[_j pk i[_dmudiY^[d& _ij& c_Y^ Wdpkbu][d eZ[h Z_[ PW^h^[_j leh c_h pkkdj[hZhuYa[d(=_[ ?ehZ[hkd] dWY^ ltbb_][h >^hb_Y^a[_j X[p_[^j i_Y^ d_Y^j Wk\

E[kj[& Z_[ ][hWZ[ c_j c_h pk WhX[_j[d X[]_dd[d( L_[ cuii[dbWd][ OehWhX[_j Wd O[hijWdZ kdZ ;[mkiiji[_d b[_ij[d& X[lehlebbijsdZ_][ >^hb_Y^a[_j dejm[dZ_] kdZ eXb_]Wjeh_iY^ m_hZ( :X[hm[dd i_[ Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j f[hitdb_Y^[h A_b\[ [ha[dd[d kdZm[dd _Y^ \_dZ[& ZWii i_[ X[h[_j i_dZ kdZ _Y^ _^d[d ^[b\[d aWdd&m_hZ ZWi Ih_dp_f lebbijsdZ_][h >^hb_Y^a[_j eXb_]Wjeh_iY^( NdZ [i

"'!

_ij pm[_\[bbei \uh Wbb[ E[kj[ eXb_]Wjeh_iY^& Z_[ i[_j \ud\ CW^h[d _dZ[h :hX[_j i_dZ kdZ WkY^ \uh [_d_][& Z_[ m[_j auhp[h _d Z[h :hX[_ji_dZ& WX[h X[h[_ji _^h S_[b \ehckb_[hj ^WX[d(=[da[d L_[ ZWhWd& ZWii kdi[h[ AWkfjWhX[_j Z[c >_][dm_bb[d

][bj[d ckii( FWd X[]_ddj i[_d[d P_bb[d Wk\pk][X[d& _dZ[c cWdK[][bd Wap[fj_[hj& WX[h cWd ckii Wk\h_Y^j_] ZWc_j i[_d( Lfsj[hckii cWd i[_d[d >_][dm_bb[d _d Wbb[d [hdij^W\j[d :d][b[][d^[_'j[d Wk\][X[d kdZ Z[d P_bb[d [_d[h WdZ[h[d I[hied Wap[fj_[h[d&_d Z_[i[c ?Wbb Z[d c[_d_][d( Gkh m[dd cWd ie ^WdZ[bj kdZ [ic_j lebb[c O[hij[^[d Z[h Gejm[dZ_]a[_j ^_[hpk jkj& m_hZ cWdX[]_dd[d& bWd]iWc i[_d[d [_][d[d P_bb[d pk [hm[hX[d( MWjisY^'b_Y^ _ij Z_[ [hij[ AWdZbkd] Z[i :k\][X[di led >_][dm_bb[d Z[h[hij[ :aj kdZ Z_[ [hij[ FWd_\[ijWj_ed m_hab_Y^[d P_bb[di(=_[ l_[h E_d_[d Z[h :hX[_j Wd i_Y^ i[bXij atdd[d X[p[_Y^d[j

m[hZ[d4 _dj[bb[ajk[bb[ :hX[_j ' <MO@COCGQRLE& :hX[_j Wc ;['mkiiji[_d ' >GCJ& :hX[_j Wd Z[d @[\u^b[d ' 4GQQCJ! ,LCOEGC&

:hX[_j Wc P_bb[d ' 2MLQOMJJC kdZ [X[d\Wbbi ,LCOEGC#

;=L ELM @EA 7?DNGA+

-O?EC%PWi _ij Z_[ LY^kb[96RPNCLPIV% =_[ LY^kb[ _ij [_d[ Hh]Wd_iWj_ed pkh rX[hjhW]kd]

led P_ii[d& ZWi led [_d[c ^t^[h[d @[_ij "F_dZ# ijWccj& Wk\[_d[ X[ij_ccj[ :dpW^b lehX[h[_j[j[h E[kj[(=Wi P[i[djb_Y^ij[ _d Z[h LY^kb[ _ij ZWi P_ii[d& ZWi Wki [_d[c

^t^[h[d @[_ij aeccj( =Wi X[Z[kj[j& ZWii LY^kb[d d_Y^j m_bbauh'b_Y^ e^d[ ;[j[_b_]kd] led E[kj[d ][X_bZ[j m[hZ[d atdd[d& Z_[P_ii[d _d LY^kb[d [cf\Wd][d ^WX[d( >_d WdZ[h[h i[^h m_Y^j_][h?Wajeh _ij Z_[ led LY^kb[d X[m_haj[ :kimW^b& ZWi ^[_iij Z_[:kimW^b Z[h LY^ub[h( Gkh E[kj[ c_j [_d[h X[ij_ccj[d OehX[h[_'jkd] kdZ [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d G_l[Wk Z[i O[hij[^[di m[hZ[dpk][bWii[d( >_d[ LY^kb[ aWdd d_Y^j Wbb[d e\\[dij[^[d& i_[ aWddd_Y^j [_dcWb \uh l_[b[ pk]sd]b_Y^ i[_d( >_d[ LY^kb[ _ij _cc[h [_d][iY^beii[d[h Dh[_i c_j Z[c E[^h[h _d Z[h F_jj[(LY^kb[d atdd[d led i[^h l[hiY^_[Z[d[c ?ehcWj i[_d& ZWi led

"'"

Z[h OehX[h[_jkd] kdZ Z[h L[_di[X[d[ Z[i LY^ub[hi WX^sd]j( C[^t^[h ZWi G_l[Wk Z[h LY^kb[& Z[ije ]htii[h Z_[ :d\ehZ[hkd][d&Z_[ Wd Z_[ LY^ub[h ][ij[bbj m[hZ[d(

-O?EC%PWhkc i_dZ LY^kb[d dejm[dZ_]96RPNCLPIV% ;[leh cWd ZWled ifh[Y^[d aWdd& T?ORK LY^kb[d

dejm[dZ_] i_dZ& ckii cWd [ha[dd[d& D\O TCL LY^kb[d dejm[dZ_]i_dZ& Z[dd LY^kb[d i_dZ \uh Z_[ ]heii[ FWii[ Z[h E[kj[ uX[h'^Wkfj d_Y^j dejm[dZ_]( LY^kb[d i_dZ \uh iebY^[ E[kj[ dejm[dZ_]&Z_[ X[h[_ji Z_[ Ndpkbsd]b_Y^a[_j Z[i P_ii[di& ZWi Z[h ][mt^db_'Y^[ O[hijWdZ iWcc[bj& [ha[dd[d kdZ Z_[ \u^b[d& ZWii i_[ Wbb[_d[&Wki _^h[h [_][d[d DhW\j m[Z[h Z_[ i_[ kc][X[dZ[d IheXb[c[bti[d deY^ Z[d h_Y^j_][d P[] \_dZ[d atdd[d( Gkh iebY^[ E[kj[i_dZ \s^_]& Z_[ LY^m_[h_]a[_j[d pk uX[hm_dZ[d& Z_[ c_j Z[hLY^kbWhX[_j l[hXkdZ[d i_dZ& kdZ dkh \uh i_[ i_dZ LY^kb[d dtj_](Nc pk l[hij[^[d& T?ORK LY^kb[d dejm[dZ_] i_dZ& ckii cWd

[ha[dd[d& ZWii ZWi P_ii[d& ZWi led F[diY^[d ^t^[h[d @[_ij[i"F_dZ# aeccj& dkh [_d[h i[^h X[]h[dpj[d :dpW^b led E[kj[d]b[_Y^p[_j_] uX[hjhW][d m[hZ[d aWdd5 Z_[i ckii kdj[h dejm[dZ_'][h ;[eXWY^jkd] [_d[h ]Wdp[ K[_^[ Z[\_d_j_l[h ;[Z_d]kd][d& Z_[Z[c E[^h[h Z[h LY^kb[ ]kj X[aWddj i[_d cuii[d& ][iY^[^[d&e^d[ Z_[ ZWi P_ii[d d_Y^j ECL?R uX[hc_jj[bj m[hZ[d aWdd(=_[ >n_ij[dp Z_[i[h ;[Z_d]kd][d kdZ Z_[ Ndct]b_Y^a[_j&

e^d[ i_[ Wkipkaecc[d& [habsh[d Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j [_d[h Hh]W'd_iWj_ed( =_[ rX[hc_jjbkd] led P_ii[d [h\ehZ[hj :dijh[d]kd][dieme^b led L[_j[d Z[ii[d& Z[h [i [cf\sd]j Wbi WkY^ led Z[c& Z[h[i ]_Xj( =_[ Hh]Wd_iWj_ed [hb[_Y^j[hj Z_[i[ :dijh[d]kd][d eZ[h[hct]b_Y^j i_[( =_[i[ ;[Z_d]kd][d atdd[d d_Y^j led Wbb[_d[Wk\jh[j[d( >_d[ LY^kb[ aWdd dkh ][csii [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d&][dWk \[ij][b[]j[d IbWd eh]Wd_i_[hj m[hZ[d& Z[h leh bWd][h S[_jWki][WhX[_j[j mkhZ[ kdZ X[aWddj mWh( Bd [_d[h LY^kb[ aWdd [id_Y^ji P_bbauhb_Y^[i eZ[h Bcfhel_i_[hj[i ][X[d( :X[h LY^kb[datdd[d led l[hiY^_[Z[d[c Mof i[_d& [djifh[Y^[dZ Z[d l[hiY^_['Z[d[d P[][d( rX[h Z_[ l[hiY^_[Z[d[d P[][ m_hZ ifsj[h ][ifhe'Y^[d m[hZ[d(

-O?EC% DWdd [habshj m[hZ[d& meh_d Z_[i[ ;[Z_d]kd][d X['ij[^[d9

"'#

6RPNCLPIV% =_[i[ ;[Z_d]kd][d i_dZ c_j [_d[h X[ij_ccj[d>_][diY^W\j Z[h c[diY^b_Y^[d GWjkh l[haduf\j& dscb_Y^ `[d[h&ZWii [i pm[_ L[_j[d Z[i F[diY^[d ]_Xj& Z_[ i_Y^& _d Z[h Wbb][c[_'d[d >djm_Yabkd] Z[i F[diY^[d& ]b[_Y^p[_j_] kdZ fWhWbb[b [dj\Wb'j[d iebbj[d4 =GPPCL kdZ 9CGL# =_[ E[kj[ m_ii[d& eZ[h ]bWkX[d pkm_ii[d& mWi P_ii[d _ij& kdZ _d [_d[c X[ij_ccj[d :kicWiiX[]h[_\[d i_[ Z_[ K[bWj_l_jsj led P_ii[d( :X[h i_[ i_dZ i_Y^ d_Y^jX[mkiij& mWi L[_d _ij& kdZ i_[ l[hij[^[d d_Y^j Z_[ K[bWj_l_jsj Z[iL[_di kdZ Z_[ MWjiWY^[& ZWii P_ii[d lec L[_d WX^sd]j( Bdpm_'iY^[d p[_j_]j Z_[ >djm_Yabkd] Z[i P_ii[di e^d[ [djifh[Y^[dZ[>djm_Yabkd] Z[i L[_di eZ[h [_d[ >djm_Yabkd] Z[i L[_di e^d[[djifh[Y^[dZ[ >djm_Yabkd] Z[i P_ii[di \WbiY^[ K[ikbjWj[( LY^k'b[d i_dZ dejm[dZ_]& kc iebY^ [_d[ [_di[_j_][ >djm_Yabkd] kdZ Z_[ZWc_j l[hXkdZ[d[d& kd[hmudiY^j[d >h][Xd_ii[ pk l[hc[_Z[d(=_[ ;[Z_d]kd][d Z[i E[^h[di _d Z[h LY^kb[ i_dZ ie& ZWii Z_[:hX[_j led Z[d Wbb[h[hij[d LY^h_jj[d Wd ]b[_Y^p[_j_] [djbWd] pm[_'[h E_d_[d \ehjiY^h[_j[j& Z[h E_d_[ Z[i P_ii[di kdZ Z[h E_d_[ Z[iL[_di( Oed Z[d [hij[d MW][d _d Z[h LY^kb[ Wd& X[]_ddj [_dF[diY^& Z_[ F[Y^Wd_i_[hj^[_j pk ijkZ_[h[d kdZ ][][d F[Y^Wd_'i_[hj^[_j _d i_Y^ i[bXij pk ascf\[d& ][][d kdm_bbauhb_Y^[ AWdZ'bkd][d& ][][d kddtj_][i K[Z[d& ][][d >_dX_bZkd]& ][][d MW]'jhskc[d kdZ ][][d LY^bW\( >i m_hZ _^c [habshj& ZWii i[_d P_ii[dled i[_d[c L[_d WX^sd]j( P[dd [_d F[diY^ [_d[d LY^h_jj [dj'bWd] Z[c I\WZ Z[i P_ii[di kdj[hd_ccj& ckii [h [_d[d LY^h_jj[djbWd] Z[c I\WZ Z[i L[_di jkd( =_[ Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h LY^kbWhX[_j&Wbb[ Wd _^d ][ij[bbj[d ?ehZ[hkd][d& Z_[ K[][bd& Z_[ [h [h_dd[hdckii& Wbb[i ^_b\j _^c& i[_d P[i[d pk ijkZ_[h[d kdZ ZWhWd pkWhX[_j[d& [i pk sdZ[hd(

-O?EC%PWhkc _ij P_ii[d dejm[dZ_]96RPNCLPIV% =Wi S_[b [_d[i F[diY^[d& Z[h i[_d[d SkijWdZ kdZ

i[_d[ EW][ [ha[ddj& m_hZ pkh P[i[dimWdZbkd]( =_[i[ qdZ[hkd]_ij ie iY^m[h& ZWii i_[ _d Z[h MWj kdct]b_Y^ msh[& m[dd [i ZWiP_ii[d d_Y^j ]sX[& kc _^c pk ^[b\[d(

-O?EC% DWdd [_d[ P[i[disdZ[hkd]& ZWi ^[_iij& ZWi >hh[_Y^[d[_d[h X[ij_ccj[d L[_di[X[d[& P_ii[d Xh_d][d9

6RPNCLPIV% G[_d& ZWi aWdd [i d_Y^j( P_ii[d kdZ L[_d ZhuYa[d

"'$

pm[_ L[_j[d Z[h c[diY^b_Y^[d GWjkh Wki& Z_[ i_Y^ [djm_Ya[bd kdZmWY^i[d atdd[d& WX[h _^h[ >dj\Wbjkd] [h\ehZ[hj kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[:dijh[d]kd][d(

-O?EC% Peled ^sd]j O[hij[^[d WX& lec P_ii[d eZ[h lecL[_d9

6RPNCLPIV% P[Z[h P_ii[d deY^ L[_d atdd[d ][jh[ddj h_Y^j_'][i O[hij[^[d [h][X[d( =[h @hkdZ ^_[h\uh _ij& ZWii O[hij[^[dZWi K[ikbjWj Wki P_ii[d kdZ L[_d _ij( >_d PWY^i[d Z[i O[hij['^[di _ij dkh c_j ]b[_Y^p[_j_][c PWY^i[d led P_ii[d kdZ L[_dct]b_Y^( P[dd [_d[i l_[b iY^d[bb[h Wbi ZWi WdZ[h[ msY^ij& aWddi_Y^ ZWi O[hij[^[d d_Y^j _d Z[h h_Y^j_][d K_Y^jkd] [djm_Ya[bd(

-O?EC& PWi _ij c_j PWY^i[d Z[i P_ii[di kdZ PWY^i[d Z[iL[_di ][c[_dj9

6RPNCLPIV% =Wi PWY^i[d Z[i P_ii[di X[Z[kj[j [_d[d rX[h']Wd] lec ;[iedZ[h[d pkc :bb][c[_d[d& led >_dp[b^[_j[d pkc@Wdp[d& lec Bbbki_edsh[d pkc K[Wb[d( @[mt^db_Y^[i P_ii[d&eZ[h mWi P_ii[d ][dWddj m_hZ& _ij _cc[h [_d P_ii[d led >_dp[b'^[_j[d e^d[ D[ddjd_i Z[i @Wdp[d& [_d P_ii[d _d X[pk] Wk\;bsjj[h& eZ[h Wk\ Z_[ :Z[hd eZ[h :kipWYakd][d Wd ;bsjj[hde^d[ D[ddjd_i Z[i ;Wkci( PW^h[i P_ii[d p[_]j d_Y^j dkh [_d[][][X[d[ >_dp[b^[_j& iedZ[hd WkY^ Z[d IbWjp& Z_[ ?kdaj_ed kdZZ_[ ;[Z[kjkd] Z[h >_dp[b^[_j _c @Wdp[d( Bd kdi[h[c ][mt^db_'Y^[d P_ii[d ]_Xj [i S[_j[d& Z_[ kdi dW^[ Wd mW^h[i P_ii[d^[hWd\u^h[d( Skc ;[_if_[b Z[\_d_[hj _c ][mt^db_Y^[d ;[p[_Y^'dkd]iioij[c d_Y^j dkh `[Z[ SW^b Z_[ Iej[dp& iedZ[hd p[_]j Z[dLjWdZehj Z_[i[h DhW\j _d Z[h K[_^[ Z[h Iej[dp[d led Gkbb pkhNd[dZb_Y^a[_j( :bb[i mW^h[ P_ii[d _ij led Z_[i[h :hj(PW^h[i P_ii[d aeccj lec ^t^[h[d @[_ij "F_dZ#& ZWi ^[_iij

lec @[_ij Z[h F[diY^[d& m[bY^[ Z_[ ^tY^ij[ >djm_Yabkd] [h'h[_Y^j ^WX[d& Z_[ Z[c F[diY^[d ct]b_Y^ _ij( >i m_hZ M@HCIQGSCP

=GPPCL ][dWddj& _c Ndj[hiY^_[Z pkc P_ii[d ][mt^db_Y^[h F[d'iY^[d& ZWi ikX`[aj_l[i P_ii[d ^[_iij( HX`[aj_l[i P_ii[d _ij_cc[h 9AFRJTGPPCL! ZWi ^[_iij _d [_d[h LY^kb[ [hmehX[d[iP_ii[d( >_d F[diY^ aWdd [i d_Y^j c_j i[_d[c [_][d[d @[_ij[hh[_Y^[d eZ[h Wki ;uY^[hd X[p_[^[d(>_d[h Z[h @hkdZ][ZWda[d eX`[aj_l[d P_ii[di _ij& ZWii P_ii[d

"'%

Z[h m_hab_Y^[d P[bj ct]b_Y^ _ij& WX[h dkh kdj[h Z[h ;[Z_d]kd]&ZWii cWd [i l[hij[^j& Z_[ Ih_dp_f_[d led 8CJ?QGSGQZQ kdZ 4?PP

Wdpkm[dZ[d kdZ \[hd[h Z_[ ]hkdZb[][dZ[d @[i[jp[ Z[i Nd_l[h'ikci& ZWi .CPCQW BCO +OCG kdZ ZWi .CPCQW BCO 9GC@CL a[ddj( =[hSk]Wd] pkc LjkZ_kc eX`[aj_l[d P_ii[di X[]_ddj c_j Z[c Ljk'Z_kc [_d[h eX`[aj_l[d LfhWY^[( =[h dsY^ij[ LY^h_jj _ij ZWiLjkZ_kc i[_d[h i[bXij& ZWi c_j Z[c O[hij[^[d Z[i IbWjp[i Z[iF[diY^[d _c Nd_l[hikc kdZ Z[c LjkZ_kc Z[h c[diY^b_Y^[dFWiY^_d[ Wd\sd]j( =_[ D[ddjd_i i[_d[h i[bXij _ij ieme^b S_[b WbiWkY^ F_jj[b(>_d F[diY^& Z[h a[_d[ LY^kbb[^h[d [h\s^hj& ZWi ^[_iij& [_d

F[diY^ led ][mt^db_Y^[h =[dam[_i[& b[Xj led Bbbki_ed[d kc]['X[d& Z_[ i_Y^ ^WkfjisY^b_Y^ Wk\ _^d i[bXij X[p_[^[d( >h ]bWkXj&P_bb[d pk ^WX[d kdZ Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z[h PW^b _d `[Z[c :k][d'Xb_Ya i[_d[i E[X[di5 [h ]bWkXj& QRL pk atdd[d5 [h ]bWkXj& BdZ_l_'ZkWb_jsj pk ^WX[d& ZWi ^[_iij& [jmWi I[hcWd[dj[i kdZ Ndl[hsdZ[h'b_Y^[i5 [h ]bWkXj& [_d ]b[_Y^[hcWii[d f[hcWd[dj[i kdZ kdl[hsd'Z[hb_Y^[i yBY^z eZ[h >]e pk X[i_jp[d5 [h X[jhWY^j[j i_Y^ Wbi @CTRPP"

QCP =CPCL kdZ d_ccj Wd& ZWi E[X[d Wk\ Z[h >hZ[ ZWZkhY^ WhhWd']_[h[d pk atdd[d& ZWii [h Z[d A_dm[_i[d led O[hdkd\j kdZ Ee]_a\eb]j5 [h X[p[_Y^d[j i[_d[d ][mt^db_Y^[d ;[mkiiji[_dipkijWdZ&_dZ[c [h b[Xj kdZ ^WdZ[bj& Wbi IJ?OCP )CTRPPQPCGL! ms^h[dZ [h _dP_hab_Y^a[_j iY^bs\j( Bd Z_[i[c LY^bW\ b[Xj [h& iY^h[_Xj [h ;uY^[h&[h\_dZ[j [h M^[eh_[d& \u^hj [h Dh_[][& jtj[j [h WdZ[h[ iY^bW\[dZ[E[kj[ kdZ ij_hXj [h i[bXij& e^d[ WkY^ dkh [_d[d :k][dXb_Ya \uhmW^hiY^[_db_Y^ pk ^Wbj[d& ZWii [h Wk\mWY^[d atddj[(>h [ha[ddj Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j pkh >djm_Yabkd] eZ[h pkc PWY^i'

jkc d_Y^j( >h iY^h[_Xj i_Y^ pk& mWi [h d_Y^j X[i_jpj( :X[h [h m[_iid_Y^j& m_[l_[b [h [hbWd][d atddj[(P[dd [h [_d F[diY^ m_ii[diY^W\jb_Y^[h :di_Y^j[d _ij& hskcj

[h Z[h Ft]b_Y^a[_j [_d[h _dZ_l_Zk[bb[d >lebkj_ed Z[i F[diY^[duX[h Z_[ @h[dp[d uXb_Y^[h _dj[bb[ajk[bb[h >djm_Yabkd] ms^h[dZ[_d[i E[X[di ^_dWki a[_d[d IbWjp [_d( LjWjjZ[ii[d [ha[ddj [h Z_[Ft]b_Y^a[_j Z[h >lebkj_ed Z[i F[diY^[d ?JP 9NCWGCP Wd kdZ [hX[jhWY^j[j [_d[ iebY^[ >djm_Yabkd] Wbi ltbb_] c[Y^Wd_iY^& ZWi^[_iij& d_Y^j led _h][dZ `[cWdZ[i P_bb[d WX^sd]_](

"'&

P[dd [h [_d h[b_]_ti[h F[diY^ _ij& ]bWkXj [h Wd [_d pkaud\j_][iE[X[d kdZ ZWii [h WR PCGLCK CGECLCL .RQCL led ^t^[h[d Dhs\j[d][b[_j[j m_hZ& c_j Z[d[d [h c_jj[bi @[X[j[d _d O[hX_dZkd] jh[j[daWdd(P[dd [h c_j Z[h M^[eief^_[ l[hjhWkj _ij& ]bWkXj [h Wd ZWi

@[i[jp led DWhcW kdZ K[_daWhdWj_ed5 [h _ij Z[h F[_dkd]& [_d[d:ijhWbathf[h& [_d[d F[djWbathf[h kdZ [_d[d DWkiWbathf[h pkX[i_jp[d kdZ ZWii [h ZkhY^ [_d[ kdl[hc[_Zb_Y^[ >djm_Yabkd] Z_[Wbb[h^tY^ij[d Ljk\[d [hh[_Y^[d m_hZ& m[dd d_Y^j Wk\ >hZ[d& ZWddWk\ _h][dZ[_d[c WdZ[h[d IbWd[j[d(P[dd [h X[h[_ji Z_[ Ndpkbsd]b_Y^a[_j kdZ _bbkieh_iY^[ GWjkh

m_ii[diY^W\jb_Y^[h& h[b_]_ti[h kdZ j^[eief^_iY^[h BZ[[d X[]h_\\[d^Wj kdZ Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j _dd[h[d PWdZ[bi _c F[diY^[d [h'a[ddj& i_[^j [h d_Y^j Z[ii[d LY^m_[h_]a[_j [_d& [ha[ddj [h d_Y^jZ_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j bWd]m_[h_][h kdZ ioij[cWj_iY^[h :dijh[d]kd'][d& Z_[ e^d[ D[ddjd_i Z[h F[j^eZ[d& e^d[ [nWaj[ kdZ Z[jW_b'b_[hj[ D[ddjd_i Z[h c[diY^b_Y^[d FWiY^_d[ kdct]b_Y^ i_dZ( B^ciY^[_dj& ZWii& mWi aecc[d I?LL! WkY^ aecc[d KRPP#:X[h _d P_hab_Y^a[_j aeccj d_Y^ji led Wbb[_d[( FWd ckii i_Y^

[hij led Bbbki_ed[d X[\h[_[d kdZ ZWdd WhX[_j[d& kc [_d WdZ[h[iL[_d pk [hbWd][d( =_[i[ :hX[_j [h\ehZ[hj bWd][ kdZ ioij[cWj_iY^[:dijh[d]kd][d iem_[ P_ii[d(

-O?EC% PWi _ij Z[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d Z[h LY^kb[& led Z[hL_[ ifh[Y^[d kdZ Z[h y[iej[h_iY^[d LY^kb[z _d Z[h M^[eief^_'iY^[d @[i[bbiY^W\j9 >i iY^[_dj c_h& ZWii Z[h @[ZWda[& Z[hX[_Z[d pk]hkdZ[ b_[]j& _Z[dj_iY^ _ij(

6RPNCLPIV% =[h AWkfjkdj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d Z[h LY^kb[& ledZ[h _Y^ ifh[Y^[& kdZ Z[h y[iej[h_iY^[d LY^kb[z b_[]j _d Z[hMWjiWY^[& ZWii Z_[ y[iej[h_iY^[ LY^kb[z iepkiW][d Z[h rX[hXWkeZ[h ZWi eX[h[ LjeYam[ha Z[h ][iWcj[d M^[eief^_[ _ij( Nc pkhy[iej[h_iY^[d LY^kb[z pk aecc[d& ckii cWd Z[d ]Wdp[d K[ijWap[fj_[h[d( NdZ _c j^[eief^_iY^[d Loij[c ]_Xj [i i[^h l_[b&mWi dW_l& kdbe]_iY^& m_Z[hifhuY^b_Y^ kdZ kdct]b_Y^ _ij(

-O?EC% PWi _ij Z[h Ndj[hiY^_[Z pm_iY^[d Z[d yF[_ij[hdz kdZZ[d P[i[d ^t^[h[d @[_ij[i9

6RPNCLPIV% yF[_ij[hz _d Z[h M^[eief^_[ ij[^[d c_j [_d[h abWh

"''

kch_ii[d[d 3CECLBC _d O[hX_dZkd]& Z_[ c_j ;bWlWjiao X[]_ddj(Nc yF[_ij[hz pk Wap[fj_[h[d& cuii[d L_[ Z_[ ][iWcj[ E[][dZ[Wdd[^c[d( Bdpm_iY^[d ]_Xj [i i[^h l_[b& ZWi _d Z_[i[h E[][dZ[kdWdd[^cXWh kdZ kdct]b_Y^ _ij( 3CRQC F[FCOCL .CGPQCP ij[^[dc_j a[_d[h :hj led E[][dZ[ _d O[hX_dZkd]( =[h F[diY^& m_[ m_h_^d a[dd[d& m_hZ d_Y^j Wbi Z[h ^tY^ij ct]b_Y^[ :kiZhkYa i[_d[h:hj kdZ d_Y^j Wbi [_d lebbijsdZ_][i P[i[d X[jhWY^j[j& iedZ[hd Wbi[_d P[i[d _d [_d[h X[ij_ccj[d I^Wi[ i[_d[h ct]b_Y^[d :O?LPDMO"

K?QGML# =_[i[ MhWdi\ehcWj_ed m_hZ Wbi _d [_d[h E[X[diifWdd[ct]b_Y^ Wd][i[^[d& ZWi ^[_iij& [i m_hZ Wd][decc[d& ZWii [_dF[diY^& Z[h _d [_d[h X[ij_ccj[d I^Wi[ ][Xeh[d _ij& ms^h[dZ[_d[h E[X[diifWdd[ _d [_d[ WdZ[h[ uX[h][^[d aWdd( P[dd m_hZWi ;[_if_[b [_d[h LY^c[jj[hb_d]i d[^c[d& ZWdd _ij Z[h F[diY^Wdds^[hdZ [_d[ KWkf[( NdZ Z_[ ]heii[ F[^h^[_j Z[h F[diY^[dij_hXj Wbi yKWkf[dz( :X[h Wki Z[h FWii[ led KWkf[d ][^jWdZWk[hdZ [_d ab[_d[h :dj[_b i_Y^ jhWdi\ehc_[h[dZ[h P[i[d ^[h'leh( =_[i[ i_Y^ [djm_Ya[bdZ[d P[i[d i_dZ& \uh kdi& 3CRQC F[FC"

OCL .CGPQCP "F_dZ#( P_h m_ii[d led _^h[h >n_ij[dp Wki Lfkh[d_^h[h :aj_l_jsj _d Z[h @[iY^_Y^j[& ^WkfjisY^b_Y^ _d Dkdij kdZK[b_]_ed( =W i_[ [_d[d f[h\[aj[h[d @[_ij Wbi ][mt^db_Y^[ F[d'iY^[d X[i_jp[d& l[h\u][d i_[ uX[h ]htii[h[i P_ii[d( =_[ LY^kb[d&led Z[d[d _Y^ ifh[Y^[& ^WX[d pkc S_[b& ][mt^db_Y^[ E[kj[& Z_[Z_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j& Wki _^h[c ][][dmshj_][d SkijWdZ WkipkXh['Y^[d& ][\u^bj eZ[h [haWddj ^WX[d& Z[d BZ[[d dW^[ pk Xh_d][d&Z_[ led F[diY^[d ^t^[h[d @[_ij[i "F_dZ# aecc[d& Z[dd Wbb[_dZ_[i[ BZ[[d atdd[d _^h[ MhWdi\ehcWj_ed kdj[hijujp[d& ZWi ^[_iij&_^h[d rX[h]Wd] Wk\ [_d[ d[k[ L[_diijk\[ ][ms^hb[_ij[d(

-O?EC% @bWkX[d L_[& ZWii P[i[d m_[ ;kZZ^W eZ[h <^h_ijkiyLY^kbm_ii[dz ^Wjj[d9

6RPNCLPIV% BY^ aWdd d_Y^j Wk\ Z_[ ?hW][ uX[h <^h_ijki kdZuX[h ;kZZ^W Wdjmehj[d& Z[dd [i ckii [hij X[]hudZ[j m[hZ[d&mWi m_h led Z[d E[][dZ[d& Z_[ c_j _^d[d l[haduf\j i_dZ& Wap[f'j_[h[d kdZ mWi m_h d_Y^j Wap[fj_[h[d( :X[h m[dd <^h_ijki m_ha'b_Y^ [n_ij_[hj[& ZWdd b[^hj[ [h i[_d[ LY^ub[h pm[_\[bie^d[ 9AFRJ"

TGPPCL# =_[ >lWd][b_[d i_dZ lebb[h :dif_[bkd][d Wk\ [_d LY^kb'ioij[c kdZ Wk\ LY^kbm_ii[d(

"'(

-O?EC% =_[ Oehij[bbkd] Z[h Bd_j_Wj_ed _d Z[h y[iej[h_iY^[dLY^kb[z X[hk^j Wk\ Z[h PW^b kdZ Z[h ;[khj[_bkd] `[d[h& Z_[X[ii[h m_ii[d& kdZ ZWi iY^[_dj WkY^ B^h[ BZ[[ pk i[_d "y:dpW^blehX[h[_j[j[h E[kj[z#(

6RPNCLPIV% =_[ BZ[[ Z[h Bd_j_Wj_ed& Z_[ led `[cWdZ WdZ[h[cWX^sd]j& ^Wj _d Z_[i[c Loij[c WXiebkj a[_d[d IbWjp( Gkh L[bXij'Bd_j_Wj_ed [n_ij_[hj& ZWi ^[_iij& _dd[h[i PWY^i[d( Gkh =GPPCL

aWdd led `[cWdZ WdZ[h[c [cf\Wd][d m[hZ[d& kdZ [i aWdd Wk\a[_d[ WdZ[h[ :hj [h^Wbj[d m[hZ[d( OehX[h[_jkd] c[_dj [jmWiltbb_] WdZ[h[i( Bd _^h[c ^WkfjisY^b_Y^[d L_dd _ij i_[ [_d\WY^_dj[bb[ajk[bb[ kdZ [cej_edWb[ OehX[h[_jkd]& Z_[ [_d[c F[d'iY^[d Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j pkc O[hij[^[d kdZ pkh ,GLPAFZQWRLE

d[k[h BZ[[d ]_Xj( =_[ Gejm[dZ_]a[_j Z[h OehX[h[_jkd] m_hZ dkhX[jedj& kc pk p[_][d& ZWii Z_[ BZ[[d Z[i Loij[ci d_Y^j kdj[h'iY^_[Zibei `[Z[c ][][X[d m[hZ[d atdd[d( rX[h Z_[ lebb[ ;['Z[kjkd] Z[h <MO@COCGQRLE m[hZ[ _Y^ ifsj[h ifh[Y^[d(

-O?EC% ,P ]_Xj i[^h l_[b[ E[kj[& Z_[ X[^Wkfj[d& pk [_d[hLY^kb[ pk ][^th[d kdZ X[iedZ[h[i P_ii[d pk X[i_jp[d( :bb[iW][d L_[& mWi L_[ iW][d( Pe aWdd ZWi Dh_j[h_kc ][\kdZ[dm[hZ[d& c_j Z[c m_h Z[d h_Y^j_][d FWdd [ha[dd[d m[hZ[d9 =_[;[_if_[b[ [_d_][h Z_[i[h E[kj[ iY^[_d[d _^h P_ii[d m[_j c[^h pkb[k]d[d Wbi pk X[ijsj_][d(

6RPNCLPIV% GWjuhb_Y^ [n_ij_[h[d d[X[d Z[d m_hab_Y^[d LY^k'b[d l_[b[ \WbiY^[ LY^kb[d( =_[ AWkfj][\W^h aeccj led LY^kb[d&Z_[ [_d[ i[^h ab[_d[ F[d][ P_ii[d kdZ [_d[ i[^h ]heii[ F[d][?WdjWi_[ X[i_jp[d& m_[ Z_[ j^[eief^_iY^[& Wdj^hefeief^_iY^[&cWhj_d_ij_iY^[ kdZ ie m[_j[h( >i _ij i[^h iY^m[h& [_d[d [nWaj[dFWvijWX Wdpk][X[d& kc [_d[ Ndj[hiY^[_Zkd] X[_ Z[h [hij[d;[][]dkd] c_j [_d[h LY^kb[ pk jh[\\[d& m[_b iebY^ [_d Dh_j[h_kcled Z[h M_[\[ kdZ JkWb_jsj Z[h OehX[h[_jkd] WX^sd]j( ?uh c_Y^f[hitdb_Y^ mWh Z[h [hij[ ;[m[_i& ZWii BGCPC LY^kb[ h_Y^j_] _ij& [_dkdpm[_\[b^W\j[i kdZ ][dWk[i fioY^ebe]_iY^[i P_ii[d& ZWi Wbb[iuX[hjhW\& mWi _Y^ `[cWbi pkleh _h][dZme ][^thj ^Wjj[ kdZ Z_[IioY^ebe]_[ pk [_d[h [nWaj[d kdZ fhWaj_iY^[d P_ii[diY^W\j cWY^'j[( =Wi mWh [_d[ MWjiWY^[& \uh c_Y^ kdkcijtiib_Y^& kdZ _Y^ ^Wjj[[_d[ X[iedZ[h[ OehX[h[_jkd]& kc Z_[i[ MWjiWY^[ pk X[khj[_b[d(

"')

7?DNGAI FRIIAI OJI NIMAKL?DEA@GE?DAH 4EOA=N LAEI

+ OehX[h[_j[dZ[ LY^kb[d Z[i O_[hj[d P[][i atdd[d _d pm[_DWj[]eh_[d [_d][j[_bj m[hZ[d( Skh [hij[d DWj[]eh_[ ][^th[dLY^kb[d& Z[h[d E[^h[h Z_[ Y@COJCECLFCGQ PCGLCP CGECLCL =CPCLP

\@CO B?P =CPCL BCO 9AF\JCO X[ijsj_]j kdZ ^_[hZkhY^ Z[c LjkZ[d'j[d A_b\[ l[hifh_Y^j& Z_[ Wk\ Z[h :dm[dZkd] led Dhs\j[d X[hk^j&Z_[ Z_[ ?s^_]a[_j[d [_d[i ][mt^db_Y^[d F[diY^[d uX[hij[_][d(NdZ pkh pm[_j[d DWj[]eh_[ ][^th[d LY^kb[d& Z[h[d E[^h[h dkhZ_[ rX[hb[][d^[_j PCGLCP =GPPCLP X[ijsj_]j(

, LY^kb[d Z[h [hij[d DWj[]eh_[& ZWi ^[_iij LY^kb[d& Z[h[dE[^h[h Z_[ rX[hb[][d^[_j i[_d[i L[_di kdZ i[_d[i ;[i_jp[i ledDhs\j[d& uX[h Z_[ Z[h ][mt^db_Y^[ F[diY^ d_Y^j l[h\u]j& X[ijs'j_]j& i_dZ kdl[h]b[_Y^b_Y^ iY^m_[h_][h& kdZ [i _ij dkh ct]b_Y^& _d_^d[d pk i[_d& _dZ[c cWd i_Y^ ?LB?RCOLB Z[h :hX[_jifh_dp_f_[d[h_dd[hj& _dZ[c cWd i_Y^ Z[c E[^h[h SMJJPQZLBGE kdj[hm_h\j kdZZ_[ K[][bd PQOGIQ [_d^sbj( =_[ b[_Y^j[ij[ :Xm[_Y^kd] ZWled& i_Y^Z[h Ih_dp_f_[d pk [h_dd[hd& i_Y^ Z[c E[^h[h pk kdj[hm[h\[d kdZK[][bd [_dpk^Wbj[d& cWY^j Z_[ ?ehji[jpkd] Z[i LjkZ_kci _d [_d[hiebY^[d LY^kb[ kdct]b_Y^(

- Bd LY^kb[d Z[h pm[_j[d DWj[]eh_[ aWdd Z[h E[^h[h l_[b[Fsd][b _dZ_l_Zk[bb[h LjkZ[dj[d [djiY^kbZ_][d& eXme^b [i _^h[:hX[_j l[hpt][hj& ie bWd][& m_[ [i Z[h Wbb][c[_d[d :hX[_j Z[hLY^kb[ d_Y^j iY^WZ[j(

. =_[ :hX[_jiX[Z_d]kd][d pk [hb[_Y^j[d& Z_[ :d\ehZ[hkd][dpk h[Zkp_[h[d eZ[h led L[_j[d Z[i E[^h[hi Dedp[ii_ed[d pkcWY^[d& _ij d_[cWbi [_d Ih_l_b[] eZ[h [_d Oehh[Y^j \uh Z_[ LY^u'b[h& _c @[][dj[_b m[_ij ZWi _cc[h Wk\ ?[^b[h _^h[h :hX[_j kdZ_^h[d O[hbkij Z[i IbWjp[i _d Z[h :hX[_j ^_d(

/ Gkh ZWi :d^[X[d eZ[h Lj[_][hd Z[h :d\ehZ[hkd][d _ij [_dIh_l_b[](

"'*

0 =[h IbWjp _d Z[h :hX[_j m_hZ ZkhY^ OehX[h[_jkd]& bsd][h[Sk][^th_]a[_j& :dijh[d]kd][d& ?s^_]a[_j[d& O[hjhWk[d _d Z[dE[^h[h kdZ O[hij[^[d Z[h :hX[_jip_[b[ X[ij_ccj(

1 >_d LY^ub[h aWdd X[]_dd[d& e^d[ Z_[ ;[Z[kjkd] Z[h BZ[[d&Z_[ led ^t^[h[c @[_ij aecc[d& kdZ Z_[ S_[b[ Z[h LY^kb':hX[_jlebb pk l[hij[^[d( :X[h dWY^ [_d[h ][m_ii[d S[_j m[hZ[d OGAFQGEC

,GLPAFZQWRLE kdZ O[hij[^[d led _^c l[hbWd]j& kdZ e^d[ Z_[i[>_diY^sjpkd] kdZ Z_[i[i O[hij[^[d aWdd [h d_Y^j \ehj\W^h[d(

2 =Wi :k\jWkY^[d led F_iijhWk[d ][][duX[h Z[c E[^h[h kdZX[iedZ[hi Z[h :kiZhkYa iebY^[d F_iijhWk[di ][][duX[h Z[cP_ii[d& Z[d F[j^eZ[d eZ[h f[hitdb_Y^[d :di_Y^j[d Z[i E[^h[hicWY^j Z_[ ?ehji[jpkd] Z[h :hX[_j _d Z[h LY^kb[ kdct]b_Y^(

3 =[h LY^ub[h ckii ZWhWd Z[da[d& ZWii f[hitdb_Y^[ :di_Y^j[dZ[i E[^h[hi& Z_[ i[_d[d [_][d[d f[hitdb_Y^[d F[_dkd][d m_Z[h'ifh[Y^[d& Wk\ X[ii[h[d ;[khj[_bkd]i' kdZ ;[eXWY^jkd]ic[j^e'Z[d X[hk^[d Wbi Z_[& Z_[ _^c pkh O[h\u]kd] ij[^[d atdd[d( L_[iebbj[d ZW^[h \uh _^d [_d @[][dijWdZ Z[i LjkZ_kci& d_Y^j [_d@[][dijWdZ Z[i Ljh[_ji eZ[h Z[i Ihej[ij[i i[_d(

+* >h ckii i_Y^ [h_dd[hd& ZWii [_d[i Z[h S_[b[ i[_d[h :hX[_j [_dPWdZ[b _d i[_d[d @[i_Y^jifkdaj[d _ij& Z[dd i[_d[ Wbj[d @[i_Y^ji'fkdaj[ ' Z_[ Z_[ @[i_Y^jifkdaj[ [_d[i iY^bW\[dZ[d F[diY^[di_dZ ' atdd[d d_Y^j h_Y^j_] i[_d( =_[ :k\]WX[ Z[i E[^h[hi _ij [i&_^c Z_[ Ft]b_Y^a[_j led @[i_Y^jifkdaj[d pk p[_][d& Z_[ fWii[dkdZ ]b[_Y^p[_j_] pk i[_d[c >hmWY^[d X[_jhW][d m[hZ[d(

++ =[h LY^ub[h ckii ZWhWd Z[da[d& ZWii [h ][aecc[d _ij& kcpk b[hd[d kdZ d_Y^j& kc pk b[^h[d eZ[h i[_d[d :di_Y^j[d :ki'ZhkYa pk l[hb[_^[d(

+, F[_dkd]il[hiY^_[Z[d^[_j[d c_j Z[c E[^h[h atdd[d [_dA_dm[_i ZWhWk\ i[_d& ZWii Z[h LY^ub[h X[h[_ji Wbb[i led _^c[h^Wbj[d ^Wj& mWi [h X[aecc[d aWdd& kdZ ZWii [h Z_[ LY^kb[

"(!

l[hbWii[d kdZ kdWX^sd]_] WhX[_j[d iebbj[( @b[_Y^p[_j_] aWdd [_d[F[_dkd]il[hiY^_[Z[d^[_j [_d\WY^ p[_][d& ZWii Z[h LY^ub[h [_d_][Z[h ]hkdZb[][dZ[d :hX[_jifh_dp_f_[d l[h][ii[d eZ[h& mWi deY^iY^b_cc[h _ij& [_d_][ i[_d[h [_][d[d ^_dpk][\u]j ^Wj& [jmWi& ZWi[h d_Y^j lec E[^h[h ^thj[( =Wi cWY^j Wbb[ m[_j[h[ :hX[_jpm[Yabei(

+- L[bXijsdZ_][ :hX[_j Wkii[h^WbX Z[h LY^kb[ _ij _d DedjWaj c_jZ[c E[^h[h eZ[h e^d[ Z[di[bX[d ct]b_Y^(

+. =[h DedjWaj _ij lec LY^ub[h kdZ d_Y^j lec E[^h[h WX^sd']_]& kdZ [h [djij[^j& m[dd Z[h LY^ub[h i_Y^ Wd Wbb[i [h_dd[hj& mWi[h `[cWbi lec E[^h[h ][^thj ^Wj kdZ Z[c e^d[ _h][dZm[bY^[:Xm[_Y^kd][d \eb]j& kdZ leh Wbb[c& e^d[ [jmWi >_][d[i ^_dpk'pk\u][d(

+/ =[h E[^h[h jhs]j Z_[ O[hWdjmehjkd] \uh Z_[ :hX[_j Z[hLY^ub[h kdZ aWdd _^d[d X[_ _^h[d LY^m_[h_]a[_j[d dkh ZWdd^[b\[d& m[dd i_[ _d X[pk] Wk\ _^d Z[d Ih_dp_f_[d Z[h LY^kb[d[hij[h DWj[]eh_[ \eb][d kdZ i_Y^ Z[d K[][bd Z[h LY^kb[d [hij[hDWj[]eh_[ kdj[hm[h\[d5 ZWi ^[_iij& m[dd i_[ d_[ l[h][ii[d& mWi_^d[d [_dcWb ][iW]j mkhZ[ kdZ m[dd i_[ c_j Z[c E[^h[h d_Y^jWh]kc[dj_[h[d(

+0 =Wi m_hZ cWdY^cWb 9AFRJ?O@CGQ GKGQGCOCL ][dWddj(

+1 Bd [_d kdZ Z[hi[bX[d LY^kb[ aWdd [i kdj[hiY^_[Zb_Y^[ LY^u'b[h ][X[d& ZWi ^[_iij LY^ub[h led LY^kb[d Z[h [hij[d DWj[]eh_[kdZ LY^ub[h led LY^kb[d Z[h pm[_j[d DWj[]eh_[( =_[i[h Ndj[h'iY^_[Z pm_iY^[d Z[d LY^ub[hd m_hZ Wbb[_d ZkhY^ _^h[ >_dij[bbkd]Z[c E[^h[h ][][duX[h X[ij_ccj(

"("

«Das Ziel eines Menschen, der seinen Zustand und seine Lage erkennt, wird zur Wesens­wandlung. Diese Änderung ist so schwer, dass sie in der Tat unmöglich wäre, wenn es das

Wissen nicht gäbe, um ihm zu helfen.»

Ouspensky war ein Meister sowohl des gespro­chenen als auch des geschriebenen Wortes. Er war in erster Linie ein Lehrer, und die fünf Kapitel in vorliegendem Buch sind nicht das Produkt eines Mannes, der zurückgezogen ei­ne Studie verfasst, sondern das eines Lehrers, der ein System von Gedanken erläutert, die nur mittels besonnener Fragen seitens seiner Zuhörer und ihres aufrichtigen Wunsches zu lernen allmählich gewürdigt und richtig ver­

standen werden konnten.