pbn operational approval continental en route navigation specifications · 2013-06-05 · pbn...

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

PBN Operational Approval

Continental En Route Navigation Specifications


Navigation Specifications

• Applicable to Continental En-route operations – RNAV 5

– RNAV 2

– RNP 2

– A-RNP

– RNP 0.3

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RNAV 5

Navigation Specification

Flight Phase

En Route Oceanic/ Remote

En Route Continental ARR

Approach

DEP Initial Intermed Final Missed

RNAV 5 5 5

RNAV 2 2 2 2

RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RNP 2 2

A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

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RNAV 5

• B-RNAV (Basic RNAV) in ECAC since 1998

• RNP 5 in Middle East

• RNAV 5 in Caribbean and South America

In the PBN concept RNP 5 does not exist. Any existing RNP 5 approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5

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RNAV 5 Transition

• RNAV 5 replaces B-RNAV

• Re-examination not required for B-RNAV approved operators

• RNAV 5 requirements are identical to B-RNAV

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RNAV 5 Routes

• RNAV 5 routes dependent on ground aids

• Sufficient VOR and DME coverage required

• Based on basic VOR/DME navigator • Developed in 1970s but now generally obsolete

• May be flown using self contained nav system • IRS or INS • GNSS

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RNAV 5 Systems

• Single nav system permitted

• Typically IRS updated by DME and VOR • GNSS updating not required (classic aircraft)

• INS (independent system) • INS without automatic radio updating - max 2 hrs

• IRS (multi-sensor system)

• GNSS

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RNAV 5 GNSS

• TSO C129a • Older C129 require pseudo-range step detection and health

word checking

• TSO C145/146

• Both stand-alone and FMS systems suitable

• No gaps in integrity coverage > 5 minutes

• FD capability only required

Tip: Any aircraft with a properly installed IFR GNSS receiver is capable of RNAV 5

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RNAV 5 - Functionality

• Continuous indication of position relative to track • Distance and Bearing to active (To) Waypoint • Groundspeed or time to active (To) Waypoint • Storage of 4 waypoints (minimum) • Failure indication of RNAV system • Lateral deviation display:

– Scaling compatible with alerting and annunciation limits – Must have scaling and full-scale deflection

Turbo-jet air transport aircraft do not typically provide a lateral deviation scale (CDI/HSI). Suitably scaled map displays

are considered adequate for RNAV 5

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RNAV 5 - Pre-Flight

• Check Navaid availability: • Ground navaid coverage

• RAIM prediction for GNSS (if required)

• Review contingency procedures

• File ‘R’ in FPL field 10, and ‘PBN/B1-5’ in Item 18 • B1 – All permitted sensors

• B2 – GNSS

• B3 – DME/DME

• B4 – VOR/DME

• B5 – INS/IRS

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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 11

R PBN/B1


RNAV 5 - En-Route

• Cross-check position as required

• Maintain route centreline (+/- 2.5nm)

• Advise ATC if ‘Unable RNAV’

Stand-alone GNSS receivers operating in en-route mode (default) conform to RNAV 5. CDI scaling is

automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection

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RNAV 5 - Training

Pilot Knowledge: • RNAV system capabilities and limitations

• GNSS principles and operation if GNSS used

• Navaid limitations

• Operating procedures

• Contingency procedures

• Phraseology

• Flight planning Ground training is normally sufficient.

Flight training is not required

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RNAV 5 - Oversight

• Navigation Database: • If fitted must be current and appropriate for the operations

• Oversight of Operators: • Navigation error reports analyzed to determine remedial action:

• Remedial training

• Operational restrictions

• Software changes

Caution: RNAV 5 NavSpec provides for manual entry of waypoints. This should authorised only where necessary and subject to

thorough crew procedures Manual entry should be prohibited where a database is carried

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Certification Documentation

• FAA Order AC90-96A

– Approval of US Operators and Aircraft to operate under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) in European Airspace designated for Basic Area Navigation (B-RNAV) and Precision Area Navigation (P-RNAV)

• EASA AMC 20-4

– Airworthiness Approval and Operational Criteria for the use of Navigation Systems in European Airspace designated for Basic RNAV operations

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RNAV 5 - Summary

• Automatic transition from B-RNAV to RNAV 5

• Existing B-RNAV approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5

• Almost all aircraft with basic Area Navigation capability qualify

• Single navigation system

• Formal operational approval may not be necessary

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Flight Phase



Approach


RNAV 5 5 5

RNAV 2 2 2 2

RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RNP 2 2

A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

RNAV 2

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RNAV 2

• Operational Approval is “RNAV 1 and RNAV 2”

• Separate RNAV 2 approval not required

• Suitable for en-route continental operations

• Routes dependent on ground aids

• Adequate DME and/or VOR coverage required • ANSP consideration

• Not an ops approval issue

• RNAV 1 and 2 approval permits operations on: • RNAV 2 routes

• RNAV 1 routes/procedures (SIDs/STARs)

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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 19

R PBN/C1


RNAV 2 - En-Route

• Cross-check position as required

• Maintain route centreline (+/- 1nm)

• Advise ATC if unable RNAV 2

Stand-alone GNSS receivers operate in en-route mode by default. But CDI scaling is automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection

The track keeping requirements for RNAV 2 can be met provided the flight crew maintains +/- 1NM (one dot)

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A-RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP 2

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RNP 2

• GNSS required

• May be used in varied environments

• Oceanic/Remote/Continental En-route

• Geographic areas with little or no ground NAVAID infrastructure, limited or no ATS surveillance, and low to medium density traffic

• Will gradually replace RNAV 5 for continental routes

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RNP 2 Continental En-route

• Continental En-route requires lower continuity

• Duplicated navigation equipment not required

• Provided suitable alternate navigation available

• If RNP 2 Ops Approval is limited to Continental En-route

• Must be annotated as a condition on the approval

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Flight Phase



Approach


RNAV 5 5 5

RNAV 2 2 2 2

RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RNP 2 2

A-RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Advanced RNP

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A-RNP

• Advanced RNP

• Single assessment of aircraft eligibility applying to more than one navigation accuracy requirement and to multiple applications across all phases of flight.

• Incorporates RNAV 5, RNAV 2, RNAV 1, RNP 1 and RNP APCH.

• Applicable for oceanic/remote, continental en-route, arrivals, departures and approaches.

• Relies solely on integrity of RNP system without recourse to conventional means of navigation.

Variable

Variable Desired

Path

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A-RNP

• Avoids the need for individual operational approvals

• Published in 4th Edition PBN Manual

• Manufacturers yet to document A-RNP capability

• Relies entirely on RNP system (GNSS) • no back-up ground navaids required

• Additional requirements: • RF required for SIDs/STARs/Approaches

• Options • FRT, TOAC, VNAV, Scalable RNP

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A-RNP Functionality

• Requires RF functionality

• FRT, Scalable RNP, Baro VNAV, Higher Continuity and Time of Arrival Control are optional

• Integrity provided by SBAS or ABAS

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A-RNP Functionality

Displays of: • Deviation

• Active waypoint

• Bearing and distance to active waypoint

• Groundspeed, time and distance to go to active waypoint

• Desired track

• Actual track

• Slaved course

• Active sensor

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A-RNP Functionality

• Path terminator capability: • CA, CF, DF, FA, FM, HM, IF, RF, TF, VA, VI, VM

• Transitions and automatic sequencing • Fly-over, fly-by, Fixed radius (RF & FRT)

• Intercept final approach • Holding • Parallel Off-set • Direct to • Automatic RNP changes • Navigation database

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Flight Phase



Approach


RNAV 5 5 5

RNAV 2 2 2 2

RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RNP 2 2

A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

RNP 0.3

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RNP 0.3

• Intended for short range operations – Typically helicopters

– Also applicable to fixed wing

• RNP 0.3 capability – Departure

– En-route

– Arrival

– Approach

• Typically requires FMS

• Capability to provide 0.3 in all phases of flight

Note: Most helicopters are fitted with stand-alone receivers which operate in fixed modes.

RNP 0.3 requires advanced systems which permit RNP to be selected

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Questions?

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pbn operational approval continental en route navigation specifications · 2013-06-05 · pbn...

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