parts of a cell diagrams in your book are on page 175!
TRANSCRIPT
PARTS OF A CELL
Diagrams in your book are on page 175!
WORDS TO KNOW BEFORE GETTING STARTED
cytology: study of cells organelle (“little organ”): membrane-
bound cell structure that performs 1 or more functionsexamples: mitochondrion, chloroplast, nucleus,
Golgi complex, lysosome, etc.
NUCLEUS(Plural: Nuclei)
Function: control center of cell (contains DNA)
Found in both plant and animal cells
NUCLEUS(Plural: Nuclei)
Trivia!
DNA ALWAYS stays in the cell nucleus. True or false?
NUCLEOLUS(Plural: Nucleoli)
Function: structure inside nucleus that produces ribosomes
Found in both plant and animal cells
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE
Function: surrounds nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm; has nuclear pores (holes)
Found in both plant and animal cells
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE
CELL MEMBRANE
Function: boundary between inside and outside of cell; controls movement of materials in and out of cell
Found in both plant and animal cells
CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL
Function: surrounds cell membrane; protects and supports the plant; contains cellulose
Found in plant cells
CELL WALL
CYTOPLASM
Function: jelly-like material that fills the cell; holds organelles in place
Found in both plant and animal cells
CYTOPLASM
RIBOSOME
Function: where proteins are made; some are attached to endoplasmic reticulum, some are free in cytoplasm
Found in both plant and animal cells
RIBOSOME
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Function: transports materials ; has ribosomes attached
Found in both plant and animal cells
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Function: also transports materials but makes lipids, too; no ribosomes attached; also contains enzymes that perform many tasks, like detoxication of drugs.
Found in both plant and animal cells
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Trivia!
Which organ in the human body often contains large amounts of smooth ER?
GOLGI COMPLEX/BODY/APPARATUS
Function: packages and ships products made by the cell
Puts the “finishing touches” on the proteins that are made
Found in both plant and animal cells
GOLGI COMPLEX/BODY/APPARATUS
Trivia!
The scientist who discovered the Golgi Body/complex/apparatus was from what country?
LYSOSOME
Function: contains enzymes that digest/recycle cell waste and old organelles that don’t function anymore
Enzymes also break down organic molecules.
Found in animal cells
LYSOSOME
Trivia!
Lysosomes are dysfunctional in this genetic disorder that affects primarily Eastern European Jewish populations.
VACUOLE
Function: A space where food,
water , salts, proteins and carbohydrates are stored
Found in both plant and animal cells, but is much larger in plant cells
VACUOLE
CHLOROPLAST
Function: converts light energy into chemical energy [photosynthesis];
Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water
glucose + oxygen
Found in plant cells
CHLOROPLAST
Trivia!
What is the name of the green pigment found in chloroplasts?
MITOCHONDRION(Plural: Mitochondria)
Function: place where food molecules are broken down to release energy that can be used by the cell [cellular respiration]
Glucose + oxygen
carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
Found in both plant and animal cells
MITOCHONDRION(Plural: Mitochondria)
Trivia!
In humans, all or nearly all of our mitochondria come from the cytoplasm of the ___.
CYTOSKELETON
Function: provides support for the cell; helps in movement and maintains the cell’s shape. Two types are: microtubules – hollow
tubes; maintains cell shape; helps in cell division
microfilaments – fibers that are not hollow; is a framework that supports cell
Found in both plant and animal cells
CYTOSKELETON
Trivia!
What 2 organelles mentioned today contain their own DNA?