pakistan's annual report to the commission on sustinable

Pakistan’s Annual Report to the Commission on Sustinable Development National

Implementation of Agenda 21

Policy Paper Series # 9 1993

All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. A publication of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI). The opinions expressed in the papers are solely those of the authors, and publishing them does not in any way constitute an endorsement of the opinion by the SDPI. Sustainable Development Policy Institute is an independent, non-profit research institute on sustainable development.

PP- 009- 002- 055- 1993- 040 © 1993 by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute Mailing Address: PO Box 2342, Islamabad, Pakistan. Telephone ++ (92-51) 2278134, 2278136, 2277146, 2270674-76 Fax ++(92-51) 2278135, URL:www.sdpi.org

Table of Contents Information on national sustainable development strategies .........................1

Institutional mechanisms ..............................................................................3

Assessment of progress achieved towards sustainable development............6

Assessment of the impact of environmental measures undertaken on the national economy .........................................................................................6

Information on policies adopted/developed that are aimed at the improvement of both social conditions and environmental sustainability ......6

Overall assessment of problems and constraints encountered......................7

Information on any measures undertaken to make trade and environment mutually supportive in favour of sustainable development ..8

Overall assessment of domestic capacity to meet Agenda 21 objectives ..........................................................................8

Priorities for external assistance ..................................................................9

The Sustainable Development Policy Institute is an independent, non-profit, non-government policy research institute, meant to provide expert advice to the government (at all levels), political organizations, and the mass media. It is a service agency, providing free advice, and administered by an independent Board of Governors. Board of Governors: Mr V. A. Jafarey Chairman of the Board

Khalid Ahmed Editor, AAJ KAL

Syed Babar Ali Advisor, Packages Ltd.

Dr Tariq Banuri Executive Director, SDPI

Dr Parvez Hassan Senior Partner, Hassan & Hassan Advocates

Aban Marker Kabraji Country Representative, IUCN-Pakistan

Sohaib Sultan Khan Senior Advisor, NRSP

Dr G. M. Khattak Co-ordinator, Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy

Abdul Rahim Mahsud Regional Representative for West Asia, Nippon Gieken Associates

Dr Atta-ur-Rahman Director, HEJ Research Institute, Karachi University

Imtiaz Ahmed Sahibzada Secretary, Environment and Urban Affairs Division

Dr Arshad Zaman Former Chief Economist to the Government of Pakistan In the Policy Paper series, the SDPI publishes unsolicited policy advice on practical policy issues in the sphere of development. The papers are written by SDPI’s regular or affiliated staff and are meant to provide clear-cut policy outlines which would promote just and sustainable development.

List of Abbreviations

AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir

CIDA Canadian International Development Agency

DEPM Department of Environmental Planning and Management

EC European Commission

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPO Environmental Protection Ordinance

EPRCP Environment Protection and Resource Conservation Project

EUAD Environment and Urban Affairs Division

F&Agri. Food and Agriculture

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environmental Facility

GOP Government of Pakistan

IBA Institute of Business Administration

IPM Institute of Public Management

IUCN IUCN-The World Conservation Union

JRC Journalists' Resource Centre for the Environment

LG Local Government

LUMS Lahore University of Management Sciences

NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi

NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

NCS National Conservation Strategy

NGOs Non Governmental Organisations

NIPA National Institute of Public Administration

NRSP National Rural Support Programme

NWFP North West Frontier Province

PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research Centre

PCSIR Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

PCRWR Pakistan Council for Research in Water Resources

PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

PEPC Pakistan Environment Protection Council

P&D Planning and Development Department

PHE Public Health Engineering

PIDE Pakistan Institute for Development Economics

PILER Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research

PoA Plan of Action

RD Rural Development

SAP Social Action Programme

SAZDA Sindh Arid Zone Development Authority

SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute

SPCS Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy

S&T Science and Technology

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

WSS Water Supply Scheme

Pakistan’s Annual Report to the Commission on Sustinable Development National Implementation of

Agenda 21

Information on National Sustinable Development Strategies Pakistan had formulated its own "Agenda 21" well before the Rio Conference. Pakistan's Agenda 21 is the National Conservation Strategy (NCS), which was approved by the Government of Pakistan (GOP) on March 1, 1992. All reports regarding strategies, policies and programmes for sustainable development will be drawn up on the basis of the NCS. The NCS is not only a strategy for the conservation of natural resources. It is a strategy for sustainable development, and seeks to incorporate environmental concerns directly into decision making processes in the country. As such, while the Pakistan NCS is the cutting edge of the response to environmental concerns, it is by no means the only one. A major element in the implementation of the NCS is the need to incorporate and integrate other policy measures introduced from time to time into a coherent and effective package. The fundamental objectives of the NCS are: conservation of natural resources; sustainable development; and improved efficiency in the use and management of resources. The structure of the strategy as well as its implementation draws heavily upon government and other agency involvement, as well as non-governmental organisations and the private sector. Government sponsored and other rural support programme are being used in a concerted effort to involve rural communities in the planning and analysis process. The NCS is a unique process and we believe that it can be offered as a model for other countries. The most significant part of the NCS is that it was developed through a process of partnership between many different groups, organisations and individuals in the country, both within and outside the government, and is being implemented in the same way. As a result, the NCS has begun to reshape the very approach to governmental decision making. It is helping Pakistan move away from direct administration and towards partnership. This is probably the real reason for its strength. Of particular note is the involvement of a non-governmental organisation (The World Conservation Union IUCN) in the management of strategy development along with the government. Based on the experience of the NCS, our view is that policies should be directed principally at institutional strengthening and human resource development, especially of local and provincial level. While it is important to include specific projects with clearly identifiable outcomes, there is a danger in placing an emphasis exclusively on output targets. The focus in the first phase of the implementation programme of the NCS is on preparing and acting on a package of incentives, institutional reforms, and mass awareness; and selected projects are included mainly for their role as pilot activities. The detailed programme of the NCS has to be viewed in the above context. The NCS has outlined an extremely comprehensive agenda for action. It identifies 14 core programme areas (please see Box 1), with long-term goals for each component, physical outputs expected at the end of a ten year period (1992-2001), and an estimation of economic benefits and costs, tied to macro-economic forecasts of GDP and gross national investment. Currently around 4 per cent of national investment is made in these areas; the NCS has made a case for increasing it to 8 per

Pakistan’s Annual Report to the Commission on Sustinable Development National Implementation of Agenda 21

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cent by the year 2001 through an investment programme tentatively estimated at Rs. 150.7 billion. Again, it should be emphasised that the specific projects are neither new nor unique. Numerous activities consistent with these objectives have a long history in Pakistan's development experience, such as projects to reclaim waterlogged and saline lands, population control programmes and on-farm water management. After approval of the NCS, the GOP established a cabinet level implementation committee, headed by the Minister for Environment and Urban Affairs, to co-ordinate the implementation of the strategy. The Plan of Action, 1993-98 (PoA) emerged out of the direction given by the cabinet committee. It formed the basis of the presentation to the donor conference on the implementation of the NCS in January 1993. The implementation committee identified three cross-cutting areas where immediate action was called for: (1) institutional strengthening for the removal of structural weaknesses in the government infrastructure; (2) mass awareness, so that people understand and are able to integrate the NCS into their lives; and (3) regulatory legislation and economic incentives, so that the governmental programme is integrated into legislation, and economic incentives are used to engender voluntary compliance with these goals. The fourth area, namely implementation of pilot projects in NCS priority areas would help not only in meeting urgent needs, but also in building a consensus behind the plan of action. Box 1: Pakistan NCS Core Programme Areas

1. Maintaining soils and croplands 2. Increasing irrigation efficiency 3. Protecting Watersheds 4. Supporting forestry and plantations 5. Sustaining rangelands 6. Conserving water bodies and fisheries 7. Conserving biodiversity 8. Increasing energy efficiency 9. Deploying renewables 10. Preventing and abating pollution 11. Managing urban wastes 12. Institutions for community facilities 13. Population-environment programme 14. Preserving the cultural heritage

Institutional development is discussed in detail in section 1.2. Some information can be given on the remaining two cross-cutting areas. Besides the most prominent legislation, the Environmental Protection Ordinance (EPO) of 1983, a number of environment related laws exist in the statute books, these include specific enactment's aimed at motor vehicle emissions, industrial pollution, pesticide control and wildlife preservation. However, some of these are narrow in scope, and the broad law, namely the EPO, has not been implemented effectively. For this purpose, the NCS implementation programme began with a review of existing laws, with the objective of proposing legislation. The statutory mandate of the EPO is vested in the high-level Pakistan Environment Protection Council (PEPC) which met for the first time only in May 1993, under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of Pakistan. In this first meeting the PEPC delegated authority to the appropriate executive committee, at the federal and provincial levels, besides approving the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for municipal and liquid; industrial effluents, gaseous emissions, motor vehicles exhaust and noise, for immediate enactment. A grace period of one year for new industries, and three years for old ones, was given in this regard.

SDPI Policy Paper Series # 9

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Various measures are now at hand to implement the EPO. First among these is the preparation of a new Environment Protection Act 1994. This would provide agencies concerned with the necessary legal instruments to enable them to play an effective role in inducing environmentally sound behaviour among individuals and organisations. It would also reinforce the visibility and coherence of the NCS implementation programme. As far as the private sector is concerned, governmental responsibility lies in creating an enabling environment for private initiative but also strengthening the legal and regulatory framework to ensure environmental rectitude. This objective has been facilitated through the Government-Business Roundtables. Although in the past environmental management in Pakistan was largely reactive, there is a strong effort to adopt preventive strategies. With the above changes, concrete results are expected in two to three years. In the long-run, Pakistan perceives planning and prevention and private sector responsibility for clean-up to be the optimal choice in environmental management. For this new forms of partnerships are being undertaken to achieve better integration among national and local government, industry, science, environmental groups and the public in developing and implementing effective approaches to integrating environment and development. Institutional Mechanisms Institutional strengthening and capacity building in government (at all levels) as well as in the NGO and private sector has been identified as a critical input for the proper pursuit of sustainable development. Resource management imperative, in this context, aim at rationalising the decision making processes of each agenda component identified in the PoA (please see 1.1.7), in order to effectively promote natural resource management and conservation. The introduction of the concepts of environmental protection and sustainable development into official policy is, in most cases, still in the planning stage. Priority areas include technical, regulatory and planning institutions. Local participatory institutions as well as private sector institutions for collaboration and self-regulation are equally important. Box 2: Pakistan: National Institutions

1. An NCS Section in the Environment and Urban Affairs Division (EUAD) functioning as the secretariat for the implementation of the NCS.

2. An Environment Section in the Planning and Development (P&D) Division. While concerned with economic, environmental, and social issues, its focus is economic. Its main responsibilities include the preparation of relevant chapters of national Five Year Plans and helping with the review of publicly funded projects.

3. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) and related provincial EPAs are concerned primarily with the control of pollution. PEPA is the secretariat of the high level Pakistan Environment Protection Council. Its goals include the establishment, monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards, and co-ordination with the Provincial EPAs.

According to the constitution, the subject of environment is under the concurrent jurisdiction of the federal and provincial government; i.e., both levels of government have executive and legislative powers in this area. At the federal level, the primary responsibility for the subject rests with the Environment and Urban Affairs Division (EUAD). An NCS secretariat within this division acts as the focal point for monitoring NCS implementation. In the provinces, with the exception of NWFP, the subject is dealt by the Physical Planning and Housing Departments. In the NWFP, responsibility has been entrusted to the Planning and Development Department.


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Technical Institutions The strengthening of environmental related institutions in the federal government (please see box 2) has begun with the creation of an NCS Implementation Unit, and the Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (PEPA) in the EUAD, and an Environment Section in the Planning and Development Division. Among planning institutions the top priority is for the strengthening of the NCS Unit in EUAD. The NCS Unit serves as a focal point for co-ordinating action in the implementation of the NCS. It provides enabling and facilitating services to all agencies involved in the implementation. Under a development agreement with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), this Unit will be expanded to ensure that it has at least one technical staff member for each of the four components of the action plan. EUAD itself needs support to enable it to discharge its rapidly expanding responsibilities. Some much needed additional staff--3 Deputy Secretaries, 9 Section/Technical Officers, and appropriate staff -- have been committed through the Environment Protection and resource Conservation Project (EPRCP), in addition to equipment, training and technical assistance. Box 3: The Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy

A Provincial Conservation Strategy (PCS) Unit has been established, in January 1992, in NWFP with the support of IUCN-Pakistan. Its role is the co-ordination of NCS actions and mobilisation of support from various organisations.

A number of new and existing research institutions have started to undertake research and analysis in the area of sustainable development. The most prominent among these is the newly established SDPI, and independent, non-profit organisation (please see box 4). Besides this, a number of existing institutes also conduct research on specific topics in the broad area of sustainable development. These include: the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Islamabad; the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), University of Karachi; the Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), the HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi; and the Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER), Karachi. Box 4: SDPI

In designing the NCS, an independent policy research institute, the Sustainable Development Policy; Institute (SDPI), was created. Its mandate is to conduct technical and policy analysis across a range of policy issues to support the formulation of long term strategies for social and economic development. The government uses it as a source of information about critical policy issues, and so an initiator of new policy strategies. SDPI's influence may be attributed in part to its autonomy: as a result of its independence it can assume an objective role in the policy development process.

In provinces as well, institutional development has started rapidly. Besides provincial EPAs, established in all four provinces to implement the Environmental Protection Ordinance, the government of NWFP and Punjab have established provincial departments of environment, both to take an integrated view of the issue, and to ensure cabinet level representation to the underlying concerns. Most promising is the initiative undertaken by the government of NWFP to prepare a Provincial Conservation Strategy (please see box 3).


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Local and Non-governmental Institutions The strengthening of technical institutions has to be accompanied by support for a diverse set of local, participatory institutions: local government institutions, NGOs and other voluntary bodies. The NCS justifiably lays strong emphasis on a participatory approach to implementation. Most NGOs involved in environment in Pakistan, however, are not development oriented in the project execution sense. Nevertheless, many have moved beyond the stage of describing environmental difficulties, and contribute significantly through promoting accountability and public interest consultancy. The most prominent NGO in the field of environment is the World Conservation Union (IUCN-Pakistan), which has played a pivotal role in the development of the NCS, and in particular in ensuring that both the planning and implementation of the NCS involves wide consultation within the country. IUCN-Pakistan may be said to have moved into the role of an umbrella NGO to support grassroots NGOs in the area of sustainable development. In general, NGOs have proven more effective at eliciting popular participation in developmental or other actions. In order to strengthen and monitor the performance of NGOs, the GOP established a Rs. 30 million Fund for providing small grants to NGOs. Its management has been conducted in a transparent and democratic manner. Regulatory Institutions Implementing the NCS will require a strong input from capable technical, regulatory and planning institutions. This strengthening of regulatory environmental institutions is not inconsistent with the non-going deregulation of the economy. A number of institutional mechanisms for monitoring the application of laws are being considered. In the regulatory context PEPA's role is of great importance. As envisaged under the EPO, PEPA is the regulatory agency of the federal government and is complemented by provincial EPAs. The EPRCP which is being implemented with World Bank (WB) assistance, envisages recruitment of additional staff for PEPA and the establishment of three new sections in the EUAD, with specific responsibilities for international co-operation, local environmental matters and legal affairs. With government policies aiming to encourage industrial growth, there is an acute need to combine sound environmental practices with economic growth. The most important contribution of the industrial sector is in preventing and abating pollution and increasing energy efficiency. However, the standards needed to evaluate environment impact statements (filing of these was a legal requirement of industries under the EPO) were not approved until May 1993. Nevertheless, Pakistan is in a position to plan its industrial expansion alongside the NCS. The main activity to date in improving the environmental performance of this sector has been the initiation of dialogue on industrial pollution through roundtable discussions between industry, trade unions and the government. The roundtables were held in each province of Pakistan. The NCS process was introduced to the larger business community and priority areas for action were identified. Links now established with the business sector may be built upon to achieve sustainable development objectives. Mass awareness A major effort is required if the existing mass media network is to overcome problems of reach and accessibility. A communications strategy of mass awareness for NCS implementation has been prepared by the Journalists' Resource Centre for the Environment (JRC). Its main objective is to facilitate wider communication of the NCS and to build the capacity of the press, radio and television to report accurately on the country's environmental problems. Efforts are


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being undertaken to broaden the outreach of the JRC beyond the English-speaking media (according to a 1989 Gallup poll, Urdu enjoys 97% of total newspaper readership) to not only Urdu, but other languages spoken by the masses in Pakistan. Educational measures aimed at decision makers, teachers and children both within and outside the school system accompany Pakistan's NCS. An Education Unit, also co-ordinated by IUCN, is responsible for reaching children, enhancing textbooks with supplementary resource material, sensitising teachers and for commissioning research on education. Training institutions closely allied to the private sector, such as LUMS and IBA, need to integrate environmental management into their courses. Efforts in this direction are already underway and would be encouraged. Certain universities already offer courses as well as degree in environmental discipline. In addition, these and other non-governmental management and research institutions (e.g. SDPI) would pay an active role in training as well as in policy support to the private sector in this area. The government has also recently introduced a module on the environment in its Certificate of Teaching and Primary Teacher's Certificate courses. Assessment of progress achieved towards sustainable development The NCS process suggested that the main obstacles to sustainable development were inappropriate capacity, an inadequate legal and regulatory framework, and the absence of skills and knowledge of environmental issues. To the extent that actions have begun in these areas there is progress towards sustainable development. However progress is slow and must be monitored for some time before concrete results become available. Pakistan's implementation experience has been fair in the spread of mass awareness, while institution strengthening and building has been slow. By the next annual report Pakistan may be in a much better position of assess tangible results. In addition to the above, a number of environmental projects have been proposed by the federal agencies as well as provincial governments for 1993-98. A summary of these projects and their estimated costs are provided in table 1 to 15. Assessment of the impact of environmental measures undertaken on the national economy Since environmental measures have been introduced only recently, it is difficult to evaluate their impact on the national economy. There is evidence of some concern among business groups regarding the introduction of environmental regulation at a time when the government is moving towards privatisation and deregulation. Though this is likely to affect business confidence, it has not yet translated to any observable change. Investment in environmentally related projects is also likely to divert resources away from more directly productive investment. However, as the environmental management programmes has started very recently, it is not possible to obtain a precise estimate of the impact of the diversion. In general, resources are not yet in place to provide accurate data on changes in the environment resulting from implementation of environmental policies. Information on policies adopted/developed that are aimed at the improvement of both social conditions and environmental sustainability Many objectives of environmental sustainability are consistent with the improvement of social conditions. For example, high infant and maternal mortality and morbidity in general require investments both in the social sector as well as control of air and water pollution. Even investment in education and training is likely to improve responsiveness to environmental awareness and skill development.


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To correct human development imbalances, the GOP has, with multi-donor assistance, launched a Social Action Programme (SAP). Since it is far less complex than the NCS it is ahead in terms of implementation. There are many complementarities between the two programmes both in procedural aspects and in programme converage. The SAP's importance lies in its objective of improving the coverage, quality and effectiveness of service delivery in primary education, nutrition, primary health, population welfare, and rural water supply and sanitation. Modelled on the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP), the recently launched National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) has already been granted more than half of its Rs. 1 billion commitment from the GOP. The NRSP is an independent body designed to promote village based income generating projects. It is an expectation on the part of the government that it will promote community base and supported education and health programmes. By developing the decision making and organisational capacities at local levels, the programme will facilitate the pursuit of both environmental and social targets. At present, the GOP is involved in negotiations on two major projects. These are Maintaining Biodiversity in Pakistan with Rural Community Development to be funded by Global Environmental Facility (GEF) funds through UNDP, and a set of three projects on Environmental Rehabilitation in the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and the Punjab, to be funded by the European Commission (EC). The objectives of the GEF and EC funded projects are outlined below: • GEF: to demonstrate how conservation of Pakistan's biodiversity can be enhanced by

providing rural village with the technical skills to manage wild species and habitats for sustainable use.

• EC: three watershed rehabilitation and social forestry projects in Dir-Kohistan and Galiat in the NWFP and in Muree-Kahuta in the Punjab.

Overall assessment of problems and constraints encountered, including those related to: Financing The investment in the NCS over the next decade total Rs. 150.7 billion, with the largest expenditures expected for maintaining soils in croplands, preventing and abating pollution, and for increasing energy efficiency. A re-orientation of existing high-cost development programmes could help towards meeting a good deal of this funding. An additional Rs. 90 billion is called for, 59% of which it is expected will be contributed by the private sector. An effective mechanism through which such large private sector investment is to be stimulated has yet to be devised. The public sector component may be raised from multi and bilateral aid contributions and from domestic sources, through taxation. The government's current aggregate level constraints are exacerbated by a weak fiscal capacity owing to a narrow revenue base (in 1992 it was estimated that the government depended for fully 38% of its revenue on the trade taxes). The usefulness of tax-based incentives in the environmental management context is thereby reduced, as is the government's ability to raise funds to implement the NCS and other new programmes. Therefore, funding for NCS implementation depends almost entirely on donor support, at least for the first three to five years. While donor support will be matched by Pakistani initiative, dedication, private capital and "sweat equity", little government spending can be expected at the Federal level. The current debt-servicing requirement has meant that additional diversion of resources to new areas is problematic.


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Technology Technological assistance may be useful in helping improve revenues collection mechanisms, conservation pricing to reflect scarcity values, selecting "clean" technology, and in enabling environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for all major projects. A number of seminars and workshops on environmental awareness and EIA have been conducted. EIA guidelines for the energy sector and environmental quality control standards for municipal and industrial emission/effluent and for vehicles exhaust/noise have been approved. As mentioned earlier, the PEPC convened for the first time in May 1993. The 1983 Ordinance is partially enforced, and environmental institutions have only recently become operational (e.g. the provincial EPAs were not functional before 1990). Nevertheless, for a few large, highly polluting installations located near human settlements, EIAs have been undertaken in Pakistan. These EIAs were either requested under existing legislation or undertaken voluntarily by the proponent. Trade Conditions An important problem is that of Pakistan's overall high-level of indebtedness which has placed a pressure on increasing exports in the short run. While an increase in exports is a desirable objective, it may, if pushed too hard, result in further environmental deterioration; for example, in deforestation or in switching to environmentally unfriendly cropping patterns. Such a deterioration may be exacerbated further by the weakness in Pakistan's commodity terms of trade. At the policy level, an adverse impact may have been caused by a complicated trade policy with conflicting signals to exporters and producers. The GOP has adopted a policy of liberalisation and simplification of the trade regime. This will help render the incentive situation clearer and facilitate the adoption of appropriate environmentally friendly interventions. This programme has also just started in the last few years and is likely to culminate in 1996, at which time a better understanding of its impact will be available. Information on any measures undertaken to make trade and environment mutually supportive in favour of sustainable development A few policy measures were undertaken to make trade and environment mutually supportive in favour of sustainable development. This has involved removing import duties on timber and pollution control technologies. It is hoped that fair relations with developed nations and trade liberalisation measures will increase the efficiency of resource allocations in Pakistan. Nevertheless, while theories set relatively clear criteria for evaluating trade effects, identification of these in the real world is needed to justify given policies. Overall assessment of domestic capacity to meet Agenda 21 objectives, in particular in terms of: Human Resources Overall domestic capacity to meet Agenda 21 objectives should be viewed in relation to Pakistan's gradual progress in the NCS process. So far, co-operation and co-ordination between government agencies, NGOs, and private organisations in the formulation of policy has created a dynamic and receptive climate for change. Specific data on human resource requirements of administering the environmental management system are not available. However, the current human resource pool is inadequate to deal with


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government and private sector responsibilities, especially those agencies involved with the implementation and enforcement of environmental management policies. Local environmental professionals need a grounding in the realities of Pakistan's special circumstances, from the biophysical and technological to the socio-economic and political. There are currently insufficient linkages with academic institutions to enable the expansion of training programmes, provision of EIA technical review support for regional offices, and the inter-calibration of laboratories for multipartite monitoring. There is also a need to develop a capability of handle environmental regulatory activities at the community level (especially where location is adjacent to potentially pollutive activities). Due to low level of literacy in Pakistan, one cannot expect complaints regarding environmental regulations to often lead to decisive action by regulatory agencies. This is so either because of legal infirmities in the complaints', or sometimes in the government's preparation and investigation. It remains, then, for institutions to cope with training environmental professionals, building an adequate level of literacy regarding environmental regulations, and training members of the business community. The need for training is addressed by provision for this in each unit component of the NCS. For example, the Journalists' Resource Centre for the Environment (JRC) trains journalists in reporting on the environment by running field workshops, the Forests programmes runs women in development forestry courses at the Pakistan Forest Institute, the Coastal Ecosystem Unit employs participatory rural appraisal methodology, and there is an IUCN internship programme. Technological Resources The government is examining the possibility of providing incentives to support the spread of "clean" technologies. Preferential access to European technologies, would help in this respect. EIA and ecoprofiling are not traditional disciplines in Pakistan but an effort is being made to introduce these. Institutions A direct examination of impacts the NCS may have had on the environment is, at this stage, secondary to evaluating whether the institutional changes the NCS intended have actually taken hold and become a permanent feature of the planning, policy-making, and implementation process in Pakistan. A number of shortcomings in the area of institutional development are evident. There is much room for improving the functioning of municipal authorities and local government institutions in monitoring environmental variables, enacting laws and regulations, and co-ordinating public action. There is a relative absence of private sector institutions in the NCS process. A lack of awareness of issues, not only among the lay public but also amongst regulators, enforcing agencies, and even the judiciary can be countered. Steps, in the form of strategies conservation proposals, are currently being formulated. Newly designed environmental legislation should help sub-national conservation efforts to materialise. Priorities for External Assistance It is clear from experience that a priority focus of donor assistance programmes for environmental management should continue to be the NCS and its implementation. Environmental management efforts should be facilitated in the following key areas: • Institutional development and capacity building • Legal framework and economic incentives • Awareness raising • Demonstration through a select number of field projects


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Table 1: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) Summary of Alloctions (Rs. Million)

Sr. No NCS Core Area Programme No. of Schemes

Proposed Allocation in Environment Sector

I. Maintaining Soils in Croplands 12 1,337.50 II. Increasing Irrigation Efficiency 8 431.08 III. Protecting Watersheds 13 2,198.80 IV. Supporting Forestry & Plantations 21 1,734.82 V. Restoring Rangelands and Improving

Livestock

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3,152.73 VI. Conserving Waterbodies and

Sustaining Fisheries

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661.25 VII. Conserving Biodiversity 29 1,624.11 VIII. Increasing Energy Efficiency 12 901.32 IX. Developing and Deploying Renewables 4 62.70 X. Preventing & Abating Pollution 37 3,626.83 XI. Managing Urban Wastes 14 4,284.32 XII. Supporting Institutions 23 667.08 XIII. Integrating Population & Environment

Programme

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92.18 XIV. Preserving the Cultural Heritage 18 310.50 Total: I to XIV 250 21,085.22 NGO Support Fund 500.00 Grand Total: 21,585.22

Table 2: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme:

I. Maintaing Soils and Croplands (Rs. Million)

Sr. No

Agency Responsible

Name of Project Proposed Allocation in Environment Sector

1 PARC Productivity Enhancement and Sustainability of Rice-Based Cropping System

20.00

2 PARC Application of Gympsum to Soils 10.00 3 PARC Encouraging Application of Organic

Manure 8.00

4 PARC Scope of Cow Manure as Organic Fertilizer in Pakistan (Pilot Project)

15.00

5 PARC Recycling of Organic Wastes in Agriculture

3.00

6 AJK Implementation and Management of Soil Fertilizer Through the Use of Organic and Integrated Nutrient Recycling

5.00

Continued…..


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Sr. No

Agency Responsible


7 Sindh Agri. Deptt

Maintaining Soils 6.50

8 Sindh Agri. Deptt

Studies on the Effects of Compost and Green Manuring on the Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of Soil & Crop Yields in Sindh

10.00

9 Sindh EPA

Environment Assessment of Pollution in the Indus River Caused by the Discharge of Saline & Agriculture Effluents.

20.00

10 Sindh EPA/HTPE

Sand Dispersion Control Project in Hyderabad

40.00

11 Punjab Agri. Deptt

Riverine Area Development Project

1,000.00

12 I&P Sindh

Pocket Drainage Scheme for Controlling Water logging and Salinity in Sindh

200.00

Sub-Total: 1,337.50 Table 3: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: II Increasing Irrigation Efficiency

(Rs. Million) Sr. No

Agency Responsible


1 PARC Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation 6.00

2 Punjab Hydrological Study of Tubewells, Drilled by the Field Wing of Agriculture Department and Private Sector in Gujranwala Distt. of the Punjab

35.08

3 Sindh I&P

Monitoring the Quality of Groundwater Surface Water in the Indus & Main Canals of Sindh.

20.00

4 NWFP Irriga. Deptt.

Maintain and Improve the Quality of Irrigation Water and Soil Health

150.00


Soil and Water Conservation in Semi-Arid Areas of the NWFP

77.00


Soil and Water Conservation for Arid Areas

36.00

7 Balochistan Sailaba Agricultural Development in Balochistan (Flood Water Management)

100.00

8 AK Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation 7.00 Sub-Total: 431.08


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Table 4: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: III Protecting Watersheds


Agency Responsible


1 PARC Water Harvesting in Rainfed Areas 6.00 2 PARC Mangla Watershed Management

(Phase-I) 31.42

3 PARC Tarbela Watershed Management

(Phase-I) 168.59

4 PARC Tarbela-Mangla Watershed Management Project (Phase-II)

573.88

5 AJK Terracing 1.45 6 FATA Improvement of Watershed, Forest

and Range Resources in All agencies

825.00

7 Punjab Forest Watershed Management Project 51.32 8 Punjab Forest Upland Rehabilitation and

Development Project for Murree, Kahuta and Kotli Sattian

281.27

9 Sindh I&P Construction of Small Cheek Bunds to Harness Hill Torrents in Khirthar Range & Nagarparkar Area

50.00

10 Sindh I&P Watershed Planning & Management Project

59.87

11 Sindh I&P Construction of 5 Detention Weirs in Kohistan and Nagarparkar Area

100.00

12 NWFP SPCS Unit

Land use Planning & Zoning for the NWFP

25.00

13 Balochistan Rangeland/Watershed Rehabilitation Pilot Programme

25.00

Sub-Total: 2,198.80 Table 5: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: IV Supporting Forestry and Plantations


Agency Responsible


1 AJK Afforestation 2.70 2 AJK Roadside Plantations 1.20 3 FATA Consolidation and Active Involvement

of 20 Selected Village Plantation Committees in Each Agency under FATA Social Forestry Programme

30.00

Continued…..


13

Sr. No

Agency Responsible


4 FATA Reorganisation of Forest Infrastructure in FATA by Creating Posts of DFOs and Supporting Staff in Each Territorial Tribal Agency

20.00

5 FATA Urban Forestry Through Development of Parks and Planning of Surrounding Hills at Parachinar, Landikotal, Wana, Khar, Miranshah & Kalaya

30.00

6 FATA Intensive Afforestation over 15,000 Acres in the Catchment Area of Kabul River in Mahmand

30.00

7 Northern Areas Afforestation and Regeneration in the Northern Areas

8.00

8 Northern Areas Social Forestry Development Project in the Northern Areas

36.40

9 Punjab Riverine Reforestation Along the Chenab and Ravi Rivers

66.34

10 Punjab Rehabilitation/Improvement of Irrigation System of Irrigated Plantations of the Punjab

250.00

11 Sind Forest Rehabilitation and Replanting of the Indus Delta Mangroves

87.11

12 Sind Forest Ecological Improvement and Intensive Management in Problematic Irrigation Plantation Areas in Sindh

50.00

13 Sind Forest Ecodevelopment/Rehabilitation of Degraded Riverine Areas of Sindh

100.00

14 NWFP Forest Urban Forestry in Major Towns of the NWFP

10.00

15 NWFP Forest Natural Resource Conservation in Galiat

173.00

16 NWFP Forest Consolidate and Expand Social Forestry

100.00

17 NWFP Forest Improving Agroforestry Practices in Mountainous Areas of the NWFP

200.00

18 NWFP Forest Environmental Rehabilitation in Malakand Division

412.65

19 Balochistan Environmental Improvement in Khuzdar (with focus on tree planning)

6.75

20 Balochistan Establishment of Irrigated Block Plantation in Jaffarabad and Nasirabad District

14.50

21 Sindh Forest Rjural/Social Forestry Extension Programme including Mass Awareness in Sindh (Phase-II)

106.17

Sub-Total: 1,734.82


14

Table 6: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: V Sustaining Rangleands

(Rs. Million) Sr. No Agency

Responsible Name of Project Proposed Allocation

in Environment Sector 1 PARC Monitoring, Stability and Productivity

of Rangeland Resources of Pakistan 15.00

2 AJK Bhimber Upland Rehabilitation and Development Project

310.59

3 AJK Control over Grazing 1.80 4 AJK Alpine/Sub-Alpine Pasture Study

Project 39.02

5 Punjab Forest Integrated Range Management Project in Different Ecological Zones of the Punjab

230.00

6 Punjab Livestock

Control of Environmental Pollution by Increasing Productivity Through the Improvement of the Genetic Potential of Livestock

200.00

7 Punjab Livestock

Maintenance of High-Yielding Livestock through Health Cover Without Increasing Their Numerical Strength

250.00

8 Sindh Forest Range Management and Forage Production in Forest Lands of Kohistan & Ragistan Tracts

4.96

9 Sindh Forest Environmental Improvement/Development of Degraded Rangelands of Sindh

50.00

10 Sindh Forest Improvement of Environmental Conditions of Landhi Cattle Colony, Karachi

20.00

11 Sindh Forest Livestock Rearing on Rangelands: Demonstration Unit oat livestock Experiment Station, Nasirabad Road

20.00

12 NWFP for. Dir-Kohistan uplands Rehabilitation & Development

227.60

13 NWFP for. Promote Improved Range Management Practices

50.00

14 Balochistan Anti-Desertification Reserve, Nokundi (District Chaghi)

11.50

15 Balochistan Desertification Control, Killa Saifullah

1.20

16 Sindh Livestock

Construction of Environmental Control unit to improve the Environmental Conditions Needed to Produce Poultry Vaccine from Specific Pathogenic-Free Eggs

20.00

17 Balochistan Sand Dunes Stabilisation in Sui District, Dera Bugti

1.22

Continued…..


15

Sr. No Agency Responsible


18 Sind Forest Range Management & Forage Production in Forest Lands

8.71

19 SAZDA Other essential projects Sindh Arid Zone (Lumpsum provision)

200.00

20 SAZDA Development of Ecotourism in selected locations in Arid Zone

4.00

21 SAZDA Development of Cottage industry based on Peacock Feathers

2.00

22 AJK Increase large and small ruminant productivity by improved Live-stock Management

10.00

23 Baluchistan Natural Resource Management

670.00

24 North Pakistan Resource Management Project

805.00

Sub-Total: 3,152.73

Table 7: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: VI Conserving Waterbodies and Sustaining Fisheries



in Environment Sector 1 PARC IPM Development and Transfer of

Technology at Farm Level 20.00

2 PARC Impact of Civic Pollution on Fish and Fisheries in the Riverine System

7.00

3 PARC Sustainable Development and Conservation of the Agricultural Environment Quality

10.00

4 S&T Development of Technology for Integrated Rice-Fish Farming (PCSIR)

2.00

5 S&T Environment Protection via Waste Water Treatment (PCRWR)

12.25

6 S&T Potable Water Supply in Rural Areas of Pakistan National Water Quality Survey (PCRWR)

11.60

7 S&T Integrated Urban Water Management of Selected Cities in Pakistan (PCRWR)

50.00

8 S&T Studies on the Naturally Occurring Pesticides in Local Plants (PCSIR)

1.00

9 S&T Adaptation/Development of Technology for Obtaining Potable Water from Brackish Water (PCSIR)

50.00

10 AJK Integrated Pest Management 5.00 11 Northern

Areas Sewerage Treatment Plant to Save Gilgit River from Pollution

270.00

Continued…..


16



12 Punjab Integrated Pest Management 56.00 13 Punjab Cleaning of Ravi River 30.00 14 Sind Fisheries Integrated Fish Cum Poultry

Farming 9.00

15 Sindh Fisheries

Marine Fisheries Surveillance in Coastal Area of Sindh for Conservation

5.00

16 Sindh Fisheries

Pilot Project for Culturing of Brackish Water Fisheries and Cat Fish in Sindh

8.00

17 Sindh Fisheries

Pen Culture Demonstration in Coastal Creek and Backwaters of Sindh

3.00

18 Sindh EPA Marine Pollution due to Discharge of Waste Water from Receiving Streams

5.00

19 NWFP Integrated Pest Management 25.00 20 NWFP

Agri. Deptt. Rationalize the Use of Fertilizers 10.00

21 NWFP PHE Protection Against Surface Water Pollution of Lakes and Springs used for Drinking Water

40.00

22 Sindh Agri. Deptt.

Integrated Pest Management System (EXTERNAL COMPONENT)

6.40

23 Sindh Marine Turtle Management Plan 18.00 24 Balochistan Shore Protection at Pasni 7.00 Sub-Total: 661.25

Table 8: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: VII Conserving Biodiversity



in Environment Sector 1 F&Agri. Conserving Biodiversity 162.50 2 F&Agri. National Park and Wetland Policy 2.00 3 F&Agri. National Park Management 50.00 4 F&Agri. Wildlife Sanctuaries 246.00 5 F&Agri. Game Reserves 166.00 6 F&Agri. Lakes 117.50 7 F&Agri. Mountains (High Altitude) 10.35 8 PARC Genetic Resources Preservation

and Seed Research Laboratory 223.47

9 PARC Establishment of Medicinal Botanical Centre

72.36

10 EUAD Maintaining Biodiversity Through Rural Communities (GEF)

150.00

11 AJK Wildlife Sanctuaries 6.50 Continued…..


17



12 AJK Game Reserves 3.60 13 Punjab Forest Conservation of Biodiversity

Through Development of Wildlife and its Habitat in Sub-Mountainous Tract of Jehlum

60.00

14 Punjab Forest Punjab Wildlife Survey and Management Planning Survey

38.75

15 Sindh Wildlife Conservation Improvement and Development on Nara Hog Deer and Partridge Game Reserve

1.20

16 Sindh Wildlife Mallard Farming at Haleji 4.60 17 Sindh Wildlife Captive Breeding of Partridge in

Civil District of Sindh 4.98

18 Sindh Wildlife Research of Biological Studies and Distribution of Ungulates in Khirthar National Park

4.80

19 Sindh Wildlife Transboundary/Indus Delta Wetlands: Studies for Migratory Shore Birds

4.80

20 Sindh Wildlife Creation of Coastal National Park in Indus Delta Region and Coastline

50.00

21 Sindh Wildlife Management of Sumbak, Iri, Hothiano and Surjano Game Reserves for Community Development

15.00

22 Sindh Wildlife Captive Breeding of Sindh Ibex and Urial for Reintroduction in Depleted and Original Habitats in Khirthar Range

15.00

23 Sindh Wildlife Planning & Preservation of Wetlands in Sindh

30.00

24 SAZDA Establishment of Biogenetic Reserves in Selected Areas of the Sindh Arid Zone

10.00

25 SAZDA Establishment of Corridors between Thar and Nara Wildlife Sanctuaries

6.00

26 Sindh EPA Wetlands Ecosystem Study 35.00 27 NWFP Forest Establish 2 National Parks in the

NWFP 50.00

28 NWFP Protection & Propagation of Treatend Wildlife, Tree and Fish Species

55.00

29 Balochistan Development of Torshar Nature Reserve

28.70

Sub-Total: 1,624.11


18

Table 9: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: VIII Increasing Energy Efficiency



in Environment Sector 1 ENERCON Fuel Efficiency in Road Transport

Sector 75.00

2 ENERCON Develp. of Fuel Efficient Cooking Technologies

49.12

3 ENERCON Power Factor Improvement Programme

76.50

4 ENERCON Steam Boiler System Efficiency Improvement Revolving Loan

72.20

5 ENERCON Energy Efficiency Improvement Programme for Municipal Waste Water Pumping System

146.76

6 ENERCON Agri. Tubewell Energy Efficiency Improvement Programme

211.64

7 ENERCON Tractor Operator Training 10.84 8 ENERCON Utilization of CNG in Urban

Transport 18.26

9 S&T Dissemination of Energy Efficiency Cooking Programme

8.00

10 EUAD Energy Conservation Through Fuel Efficiency (GEF)

200.00

11 NWFP Forest Encourage Economy in Use of Firewood

25.00

12 Sind Environmental Impact of Coal Mining and Uses of coal at Lakhara

8.00

Sub-Total: 901.32 Table 10: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: IX Deploying Renewables



in Environment Sector 1 S&T Development of 50 Mini/Micro

Hydroelectric Power Plants in the NWFP & the Northern Areas

10.00

2 S&T Developing and Deploying 60 Community/Family Size Bio-gas Plants (PCAT)

4.70

3 Punjab Agri. Deptt.

Research, Demonstration and Promotion of Bio-gas Technology

8.00

4 NWFP SHYDO

Harvesting Wind and Solar Energy for Irrigation and Drinking Water Supply

40.00

Sub-Total: 62.70


19

Table 11: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: X Preventing and Abating Pollution


Agency Responsible


1 S&T Advance Renovation of Small Industry Wastes (PCSIR)

0.50

2 S&T Development of Incinerator for Highly Toxic Liquid Industrial Wastes (PCSIR)

50.00

3 S&T Assessment of Human Exposure to Lead through Biological Monitoring (PCSIR)

1.00

4 S&T Monitoring of Air Pollution, Assessment of its Impact on Man and Environment and Development of Technologies for its Control (PCSIR)

2.00

5 EUAD Kasur Clean Water Programme 20.00 6 EUAD Karachi Clean Air Programme 25.00 7 Punjab Environmental Pollution Survey and

Control Programme 16.85

8 Punjab Develop System for Environmental Monitoring

156.16

9 Punjab Waste Water Treatment for Rural Areas of the Punjab

800.00

10 Punjab Hazardous Waste Management in the Punjab

70.40

11 Punjab Establishment of a Primary Treatment Plant for Tannery Effluent at Kasur

240.00

12 Punjab Sanitation & Environment Program in Barani Areas

70.74

13 Sindh EPA Development of Effluent Discharge Standards for Water, Air, Noise, Solid Wastes, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Hazardous Wastes, Radiation etc. Along with Development of Legislation for Sindh Province

78.18

14 Sindh EPA Environmental Impact of the Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides in Sindh

35.11

15 Sindh EPA Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Missions in Industrial Areas of Kotri, Jamshoro and Hyderabad and Environmental Impact Assessment of the Development of Lakhra Coal Mines in Dadu District

67.29

16 Sindh EPA Development of Sindh Environmental Quality Standard and Enactment Thereof

0.60

Continued…..


20

Sr. No

Agency Responsible


17 Sindh EPA Study of Noise Pollution in Karachi 0.70 18 Sindh EPA Lyari and Malir River Pollution Study 1.30 19 Sindh EPA Upgradation of Industrial Areas

(Korangi and North Karachi) 357.00

20 Sindh EPA Provision of Five Mobile Laboratories for Air, Noise and Water Pollution Control for Sindh Province

25.00

21 Sindh EPA Establishment of Environmental Pollution Monitoring & EPA Control Centre

25.00

22 Sindh EPA Health Aspects of the Presence of Atmospheric lead in Karachi's Ambient Air

8.00

23 Sindh EPA Evaluation of Providing Treatment Facilities in the Lyari and Malir Rivers for the Treatment of River Water

10.00

24 Sindh EPA Cost Effectiveness of the Control of Emissions and Noise from Auto-Rickshaws, Minibuses & Buses

10.00

25 Sindh EPA Heavy Metals & Pathogenic Contamination of Fruits and Vegetables in Sindh

5.00

26 Sindh EPA Waste Water Treatment & Disposal of Tannery Waste in Korangi, Karachi

35.00

27 Sindh Industry Cement Industries Pollution Management

5.00

28 Sindh Industry Sugar Industry Pollution Management

5.00

29 NWFP/ PUDB/ PP&H

Control of Surface & Ground Water Pollution in Peshawar

25.00

30 NWFP Industry Treatment & Recycling of Industrial Wastes

150.00

31 NWFP Industry Environmental Protection & Pollution Control (At Selected Industrial Estates) in the NWFP

100.00

32 NWFP LG&RD

Evaluation and Acquisitions of Waste and Disposal Technologies

125.00

33 NWFP EPA

Phasing Out Polluting Vehicles from Peshawar

240.00

34 NWFP Industry Abating Industrial Pollution in the NWFP

400.00

35 SPCS Unit P&D Investigation & Project Formulation Studies for Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy (SPCS)

28.00

Continued…..


21

Sr. No

Agency Responsible


36 Balochistan Provincial Conservation Strategy 15.00 37 Balochistan Quetta Sewerage & Sanitation

Project 423.00

Sub-Total: 3,626.83

Table 12: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: XI Managing Urban Wastes


Agency Responsible


1 S&T Disposal of Solid Waste (Hospital and Industrial) by Incineration (PCSIR)

2.00

2 Punjab Demonstration Project on Solid Waste Management in Small Cities of the Punjab

210.00

3 Punjab HP&EP Sewage Treatment Facility for Small Towns

3,500.00

4 Sindh EPA Establishment of Sanitary Lanfill in Karachi

10.00

5 Sindh EPA Comprehensive Solid Waste Study of Sukkur, Hyderabad and Larkana

1.00

6 Sindh EPA Feasibility for Establishment of Compost Plant at Hyderabad

0.50

7 Sindh EPA Selection of Appropriate Method/Combination of Methods for Solid Waste Disposal in Karachi

0.50

8 Sindh EPA Waste Water Disposal & Treatment & Development of Oxidation Ponds in Urban Centres

20.00

9 Sindh EPA EIA of Discharge of Municipal & Industrial Waste-water in Phuleli Canal, Hyderabad

10.00

10 NWFP LG& RD/NGOs

Participatory Waste Disposal and Urban and Rural Areas of the NWFP

50.00

11 Balochistan Municipal Waste Disposal: A Study & Pilot Project

18.32

12 Sindh Ind. Waste Water Treatment & Management in Karachi

2.00

13 Sindh Hyderabad Solid Waste Management Project and its disposal

450.00

14 Balochistan WSS for Suryab Killies 10.00 Sub-Total: 4,284.32

Table 13: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme:


22

XII Institutions for Communitiy Facilities (Rs. Million)



1 P&D Div Establishment of Environment Section in P&D Division

19.56

2 W&P Creation of Environment Management Cell

30.00

3 F&Agri. Establishment of Wildlife Institute in Pakistan

30.00

4 EUAD Institutional Strengthening of Environment and Urban Affairs Division

64.69

5 EUAD Strengthening of NCS Implementing Unit

20.00

6 EUAD Institutional Strengthening of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

26.09

7 Punjab Institutional Strengthening of the Punjab Planning & Development Department

44.42

8 Sindh P&D Establishment of Environment Section in P&D Department, Govt. of Sindh

15.00

9 Sindh Wildlife Wildlife Research Centre, Khairpur 1.84 10 Sindh EPA Environmental Protection &

Resource Conservation Project: Institutional Strengthening of EPA Sindh

135.31

11 NWFP Establishment of Centre for Excellence in Peshawar University Environmental Research in Peshawar

34.00

12 NWFP EPA Institutional Strengthening of NWFP EPA

115.93

13 NWFP EPA Strengthening Enforcement Mechanisms

5.00

14 NWFP P&D Creation of Environment Section in P&D Department Phase-II

5.00

15 Balochistan Establishment of Tourist Information Centre and City Museum of Quetta

30.00

16 P&D Div Strengthening/Improving of Environment Section in Planning & Dev. Division

5.44

17 P&D Creation of Environmental Screening Capability in Sindh Environmental Project Directorate

18.00

18 P&D/HTPE/ IUCN

Creation of Provincial NCS Unit 10.00

Continued…..




23

19 P&D/HTPE/ IUCN

Sindh Provincial Conservation Strategy

5.00

20 P&D Sindh Environmental Studies, Mass Awareness and NGO Support Programme

6.00

21 P&D Sindh Environmental Profile 10.00 22 Agri. Pest Warning and Quality Control

Centre 34.80

23 AJK Study for Establishment of Machiara National Park (PC.II)

1.00

Sub-Total: 667.08

Table 14: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: XIII Population-Environment Programme



in Environment Sector 1 S&T Environment Information Network

(PCRWR) 20.00

2 EUAD Environmental Legislation in Pakistan

0.78

3 EUAD Mass Awareness 20.00 4 Punjab EPA Environmental Education

Programme 10.00

5 NWFP EPA Environmental Awareness in Educational Institutions

10.00

6 SPCS Unit Creation of EIA Expertise in the NWFP

5.00

7 NWFP EPA Mass Awareness 10.00 8 NWFP SPCS

Unit Support Environmental NGOs 5.00

9 NWFP Document and Monitor SPCS 5.00 10 NWFP P&D Environmental Studies Project 1.50 11 Sindh Wildlife Creating Public Awareness for

Wildlife Conservation 4.90

Sub-Total: 92.18

Table 15: Proposed Environment Portfolio (1993-98) NCS Core Programme: XIV Preserving the Cultural Heritage

(Rs. Million)


24



1 Culture & Tourism

Preservation of Vanishing Arts, Lok Virsa

3.00

2 Culture & Tourism

Survey and Documentation of Archaeological Sites

20.00

3 Culture & Tourism

Acquisition of Land and Harappa 10.00

4 Culture & Tourism

Master Plan for the Preservation of Moenjodaro (On-going)

130.00

5 Sindh Culture & Tourism

Archaeological Survey-Documentation of Site

2.00


Documentation of Sindh's Historical Monuments, Crafts etc.

4.50


Sindhi Arts, Culture and Craft Centre in the Premises of Jinnah International Airport, Karachi

5.00

8 HDA Restoration of Historical Monuments and Buildings in Hyderabad

4.00

9 HDA Establishment of Library on Sindhi Culture and History

1.00


Folk Crafts Museum of Sehwan 3.00


Repair and Preservation of Kot-Diji Fort

5.00


Development, Preservation and Cleanliness of Manchar and Keenjhar Lakes

6.00


Preservation of Makli Monuments and Repair of Damage/Broken Tombs and Makli

7.00


Preservation and Repair of Masoom Shah-jo-Monaro

5.00


Development of Gymnasium at Howksbays

5.00


Development of Debal, Bhambore 5.00

17 NWFP Culture Deptt.

Inventory and Preservation of the Cultural and Archaeological of the NWFP

5.00

18 NWFP Culture Deptt.

Excavation, Restoration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage of NWFP

90.00

Sub-Total: 310.50

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