PRESENTED BY:Nouman Ali L4F11MCOM0041 Bilal Ashraf L4F11MCOM0051Haris Obaid L4F11MCOM0043 M. Abdullah L4F11MCOM0041

Section MMBPunjab College Of Commerce

Pakistan is rich in diverse human and natural resources. Pakistan has an area of 796096 km2 and population of 170 million. Pakistan’s human resources include a population of intelligent young people and a burgeoning urban middle class. The abundant natural resources, culture, knowledge, wealth, and infrastructure are enough to reduce poverty, improve social well being and bring the country in fast developing lane. This combined with its prime location will lead to long-term success for the nation.

Pakistan is endowed with enormous natural resources and minerals and is strategically located between South Asia, Central Asia & Middle East. With fast developing neighbors like China and India as well as Indian Ocean in the north, Pakistan is in a central position for rapid development.

With best management practices, Pakistan can explore and utilize these resources properly to become a self-reliant country and get rid of dependency syndrome. The mismanagement and bad governance have brought the country to the present pass.

Natural Resources Agricultural Resources

Human Resources

FOOD:Pakistan is a land of plenty. It has rich soil, rivers, variety of climate and sunshine. It can produce ample food and fruits for us as well as for exports to earn foreign exchange, if we manage and exploit our resources properly.

Unluckily we have to import even wheat which is our major staple food. Rice has become so costly that it has gone out of reach of poor people. Although sugarcane is one of main crops, yet we have to import sugar to meet local demand.

FOOD:Pakistan is a land of plenty. It has rich soil, rivers, variety of climate and sunshine. It can produce ample food and fruits for us as well as for exports to earn foreign exchange, if we manage and exploit our resources properly.

Unluckily we have to import even wheat which is our major staple food. Rice has become so costly that it has gone out of reach of poor people. Although sugarcane is one of main crops, yet we have to import sugar to meet local demand.

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

FISH: Pakistan has ample scope to develop fisheries on inland fish farms as well as in rivers and lakes besides marine fishing at Sindh and Makran coasts. Pakistan earns 6% of its foreign exchange from export of fish, shrimps and fish products. Our fish exports to Europe are still hampered by dirty environment at fish harbor at Karachi.

FORESTS:The desired level of forests is 20% to 30% of total area in a country. Pakistan has only 4.8% of area covered by forests. Reckless cutting of trees for firewood and other commercial purposes is resulting in deforestation causing destruction of our environment and loss of food and resources.

FISH: Pakistan has ample scope to develop fisheries on inland fish farms as well as in rivers and lakes besides marine fishing at Sindh and Makran coasts. Pakistan earns 6% of its foreign exchange from export of fish, shrimps and fish products. Our fish exports to Europe are still hampered by dirty environment at fish harbor at Karachi.

FORESTS:The desired level of forests is 20% to 30% of total area in a country. Pakistan has only 4.8% of area covered by forests. Reckless cutting of trees for firewood and other commercial purposes is resulting in deforestation causing destruction of our environment and loss of food and resources.

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

WATER RESOURCES:There are Indus system of rivers and rivers of Balochistan. Then there is rain water. Pakistan needs to build big and small dams to store rain water.

But alas we are not building such dams merely because of mismanagement. On the one hand there are floods destroying our cities and villages, crops, animals and poultry. On the other hand we are short of water supply for generating electricity, for irrigation or industrial uses.

Similarly, neither we have been able to manage supply of drinking water nor we have been able to manage proper disposal of sewage water.

WATER RESOURCES:There are Indus system of rivers and rivers of Balochistan. Then there is rain water. Pakistan needs to build big and small dams to store rain water.

But alas we are not building such dams merely because of mismanagement. On the one hand there are floods destroying our cities and villages, crops, animals and poultry. On the other hand we are short of water supply for generating electricity, for irrigation or industrial uses.

Similarly, neither we have been able to manage supply of drinking water nor we have been able to manage proper disposal of sewage water.

Pakistan has 650 miles of coastline on the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman.

By: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources - Government of PakistanBy: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources - Government of Pakistan

Pakistan has few deposits of metallic minerals but substantial deposits of some non-metallic minerals.

Pakistan has few deposits of metallic minerals but substantial deposits of some non-metallic minerals.

Minerals Extraction (2010) ReservesCoal 3.536 mil tons 185 billion tonsNatural Gas 41990 mil m3 492 billion cubic metersCrude Oil 23.7 mil barrels 184 million barrelsRock Salt 1.944 mil tons Over 100 million tonsChina clay 23000 tons 4.9 million tonsIron Ore 437000 tons Over 430 million tons

COAL, GAS & OIL:Under the barren mountains of Balochistan and the sands of Sindh, there are untouched coal, natural gas and oil reserves. Besides, coal reserves are also available in powder form under water. According to Dr . Samar Mubarakmand coal reserves at Thar only could be used to produce 50,000 megawatt electricity and 100 million barrel diesel just through the gasification of these reserves.

COAL, GAS & OIL:Under the barren mountains of Balochistan and the sands of Sindh, there are untouched coal, natural gas and oil reserves. Besides, coal reserves are also available in powder form under water. According to Dr . Samar Mubarakmand coal reserves at Thar only could be used to produce 50,000 megawatt electricity and 100 million barrel diesel just through the gasification of these reserves.

COAL, GAS & OIL: Still the Government is resorting to 3 days gas load-shedding every week.

LPG is being imported.

Fertilizer plants are facing acute shortage of gas as raw material.

Similarly textile, steel, glass and other industries are facing gas load-shedding, resulting in less production and increasing unemployment.

Besides electricity load-shedding continues merely because of huge circular debt among oil companies and WAPDA due to mismanagement.

COAL, GAS & OIL: Still the Government is resorting to 3 days gas load-shedding every week.

LPG is being imported.

Fertilizer plants are facing acute shortage of gas as raw material.

Similarly textile, steel, glass and other industries are facing gas load-shedding, resulting in less production and increasing unemployment.

Besides electricity load-shedding continues merely because of huge circular debt among oil companies and WAPDA due to mismanagement.

COPPER AND GOLD MINESThere are emerald mines in Mingora and copper, silver and gold mines in Balochistan. Government has undertaken the copper and gold mining projects at Saindak and Reko Dik.

The Reko Diq Copper & Gold Project has an estimated 12.3 million tons of world class copper and 20.9 million ounces of gold worth around $ 125 billion US dollars. In spite of their huge potential, the two mega projects have become stagnant due to mismanagement.

COPPER AND GOLD MINESThere are emerald mines in Mingora and copper, silver and gold mines in Balochistan. Government has undertaken the copper and gold mining projects at Saindak and Reko Dik.

The Reko Diq Copper & Gold Project has an estimated 12.3 million tons of world class copper and 20.9 million ounces of gold worth around $ 125 billion US dollars. In spite of their huge potential, the two mega projects have become stagnant due to mismanagement.

The EDUCATED YOUTH can be utilized by teach the students in the rural areas, by this we can use human resource in a very good manner and also reduce the rate of illetracy.

The EDUCATED YOUTH can be utilized by teach the students in the rural areas, by this we can use human resource in a very good manner and also reduce the rate of illetracy.

HUMAN RESOURCES

PLANNINGORGANIZING

LEADINGCONTROLING

PLANNING:A process that involves defining the organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving these goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work .

ORGANISING:A management function to develop a framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated to make optimum use of resources such as men, material, money, machines and methods.

PLANNING:A process that involves defining the organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving these goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work .

ORGANISING:A management function to develop a framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated to make optimum use of resources such as men, material, money, machines and methods.

LEADING:Management function that involves motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in anyway with employee behavior issues.

CONTROLLING:Management function that involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.

LEADING:Management function that involves motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in anyway with employee behavior issues.

CONTROLLING:Management function that involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.

Pakistan started its planning efforts in 1950. It has been framing annual and 5-year plans as well as longer term perspective plans. However, these plans were not successful always. Political instability ruled most of the time. Weak political governments were never able to manage the economy properly.Change in governments changed the priorities of the new governments.Plans were made but never seriously followed.Projects were approved under political rather than economic considerations.

Pakistan started its planning efforts in 1950. It has been framing annual and 5-year plans as well as longer term perspective plans. However, these plans were not successful always. Political instability ruled most of the time. Weak political governments were never able to manage the economy properly.Change in governments changed the priorities of the new governments.Plans were made but never seriously followed.Projects were approved under political rather than economic considerations.

PRESENT IMPASSE

A recent study done by Planning Commission reviewing 618 public sector development projects during 2010, revealed that 34 % or 212 projects suffered because of management capacity problems including weak appraisal, approval and monitoring procedures.

Flawed decisions of the inept governments, corruption and mismanagement in Pakistan steel, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Pakistan Railways, WAPDA, etc. have turned these into loss making organizations.

A recent study done by Planning Commission reviewing 618 public sector development projects during 2010, revealed that 34 % or 212 projects suffered because of management capacity problems including weak appraisal, approval and monitoring procedures.

Flawed decisions of the inept governments, corruption and mismanagement in Pakistan steel, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Pakistan Railways, WAPDA, etc. have turned these into loss making organizations.

PRESENT IMPASSE

No doubt technical and financial resource constraints have their impact on the economy but best management practices can bring the turn around quickly and Pakistan may start its growth path with proper planning, dedicated leading, resolute monitoring and effective controls.

No doubt technical and financial resource constraints have their impact on the economy but best management practices can bring the turn around quickly and Pakistan may start its growth path with proper planning, dedicated leading, resolute monitoring and effective controls.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES:

Pakistan rich in ResourcesExports of PakistanGovernment rolesUtilize resources in well mannerEconomic development

Pakistan rich in ResourcesExports of PakistanGovernment rolesUtilize resources in well mannerEconomic development

CONCLUSION: