Group no.112-NTU-1014 MUHAMMAD BILAL12-NTU-1037 SHAKEEL AHMAD 12-NTU-1040 TOUSEEF AHMAD12-NTU-1034 SAQIB MEHMOOD

12-NTU-1043 ZEESHAN SAJID

Topic

Resources of Renewable

Energy

Presenter

Zeeshan Sajid

12-NTU-1043

Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is generally defined as

energy that comes from resources which

are naturally replenished on a human

timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain,

tides, waves and geothermal heat.

History

Nearly all the sources of energy were renewable till mid of 19th century

The oldest renewable source of energy was biomass to fuel fire

Second one harnessing the wind to drive the ship over water

History

In the mid of 19th century

development of coal shifted the

sources of energy

By 1873, concerns of running out

of coal prompted experiments

with using solar energy

History Development of solar engines continued until the outbreak of World War I.

IntroductionThere are many different sources of renewable

energy

These sources are listed below.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

WIND POWER

SOLAR ENERGY

GEOTERMAL ENERGY

HYDROELETRIC POWER

BIOMASS

GAS NATURAL*

NUCLEAR ENERGY*

Presenter

Shakeel Ahmad

12-NTU-1037

Wind Energy

Wind energy

• Moving air = wind

• Energy that got from a wind is called wind energy

• Wind turbines are used for getting energy

Wind Turbines

• Turbine blades spin from

the wind and make

energy

• Wind rotates the turbine

blades which spins a

shaft connected to a

generator

• The spinning of the shaft

in the generator makes

electricity

Wind energy

Each wind turbine can produce between 0.25 to 2 MW of electrical power.

Wind farm needs to be located where there is a relatively high average wind speed.

It requires 15km/hr speed of wind

Wind Turbine Power

P = 1/2 x rho x A x Cp x V3 x Ng x Nb

P = power in watts (746 watts = 1 hp)

rho = air density (about 1.225 kg/m3 at sea level.A = rotor swept area, exposed to the wind (m2)Cp = Coefficient of performanceV = wind speed in meters/secNg = generator efficiency

Nb = gearbox/bearings efficiency.

Capacity of wind power in world

Determining Factors

WIND SPEED

TURBINE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

RATED CAPACITY OF THE TURBINE

EXACT LOCATION

IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINE DESIGN

Potential of wind energy in Pakistan

The wind map developed by National Renewable Energy

Laboratory has indicated a potential of 346,000 MW in Pakistan.

In Sindh and Balochistan there is a potential of more than

50,000MW

Total Area of Sindh suitable for wind farms = 9749 km2

Average Capacity Factor of this area in Sindh = 25%

Punjab has potential of 1000MW

First wind power generation plant of 50 MW was inaugurated in December 2012 and started full production in 2013.

• Environmental benefits

•No fuel needed

•it is a pollution-free,

•it doesn’t produce toxic or radioactive waste•Distributed power

• Remote locations

Presenter

Muhammad Bilal

12-NTU-1014

What is geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth

Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter.

Geo thermal energy

Geo thermal energy

The heat that used for geo thermal energy can be

derived from deep within earth

Heat conducts from core to sorrounding rock

High temp and pressure cause rock to melt which

is called “Magma”

Magma converts upwards

World Wide Use of Geothermal

Energy

Geo thermal power plant

World wide usage of Geothermal energy

Presenter

Sayed Touseef Ahmad

12-NTU-1040

Solar Energy Solar energy is,

simply, energy provided by the

sun. This energy is in the form of

solar radiation, which makes the

production of solar electricity

possible. Electricity can be

produced directly from

photovoltaic, PV, cells.

(Photovoltaic literally means “light”

and “electric.”

Solar energyThe energy utilized from sun light is called

solar energy

There are two methods for harvesting solar

energy

Concentrating Solar thermal Plant(CSP)

Photovoltaic plants(PV)

CSP

Solar photovoltaic plants

Earth’s Solar Energy Budget

World Wide Usage of Solar Energy

SOLAR RADIATION IN PAKISTAN

Presenter

Saqib Mehmood

12-NTU-1034

Hydro Power

HydropowerHydropower is the cheapest way to produce

electricity.

Currently largest source of electricity from renewables.

Kinetic energy of water rotates turbines which

generate electricity.

Hydro power installed around

the world

Electricity from Hydropower in Pakistan

Province Wise Installed Hydropower

Capacity

Total Hydropower Resources