p1a: energy and efficiency sjt
DESCRIPTION
Year 10 AQA unit P1aTRANSCRIPT
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Energy and Efficiency
S Thompson
Mr S Thompson
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Forms of
EnergySound
Light Thermal
Kinetic
Gravitational
Chemical
Nuclear
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Energy changesTo describe an energy change for a light bulb we need to do 3 steps:
Electricity Light + heat
1) Write down the starting energy:
3) Write down what energy types are given out:
2) Draw an arrow
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Conservation of EnergyIn any energy change there is ALWAYS some “waste” energy:
e.g. a light bulb:
In this example HEAT is wasted and it is transferred to the surroundings, becoming very difficult to use.
Electricity Light + heat
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EfficiencyEfficiency is a measure of how much USEFUL energy you get out of an object from the energy you put IN.For example, consider a TV:
Electrical Energy (200J)
Light (80J)
Sound (40J)
Heat (80J)
Efficiency = Useful energy out
Energy in
x100%
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Energy Transfer diagramsFor a light bulb: Let’s say that the bulb runs on 100 Watts and transfers 20 Watts into light and the rest into heat. Draw this as a diagram:
100W electrical energy
“Input” energy “Output” energy
80W heat energy (given
to the surroundings)
20W light energy
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More ExamplesConsider a kettle:
600W Sound
energy
400W Wasted heat
1000W Heat to water
2000W electrical energy
Consider a computer:
150W electrical energy
10W wasted sound
20W wasted heat
120W Useful light and sound