OZONE LAYER PROTECTION- Taiwan’s Efforts

Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration.

Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration.

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OZONE LAYER PROTECTIONOZONE LAYER PROTECTION- Taiwan’s Efforts- Taiwan’s Efforts

Ozone Layer Protection - Taiwan’s Efforts

Taiwan is not a Party to the Montreal Protocol, but it has proactively strived to control and phase out ozone depleting substances (ODSs) since the agreement was ratified. In compliance with

Article 2 and Article 7 of the Montreal Protocol, Taiwan implements controlling regulations and has phased out most of ODSs. We also annually submit ODSs consumption data to the Ozone Secretariat, and it showed we have reduced consumption to zero except HCFCs. Despite this, 25% of HCFCs consumption will be reduced to 10% in 2015 and 0.5% target will be reached in 2020. Methyl bromide is still kept to use only for QPS purpose. The amount is controlled through rigorous verification by the Taiwan EPA. The related and industry assistance for alternatives is also implemented. Taiwan also needs to face the illegal trade problem. Customs and coast guard personnel are responsible for investigating the illegal importation of ODSs. Many cases have been seized and smuggled ODSs have been destroyed.

According to the Sciences Assessment Report in 2014 from UNEP and WMO, the actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to decreased amount of controlled ODSs in the atmosphere, enabling the return of the ozone layer back to 1980s condition. Taiwan is also part of the globe village. We believe our efforts to reduce ODSs have contributed to the protection and recovery of the ozone layer, and we will keep reducing HCFCs to 0.5% consumption baseline in 2030 and totally phasing them out in 2040. Moreover, Taiwan will continue to actively participate in international and local efforts to protect the global environment.

Ozone Layer Protection - Taiwan’s Efforts

1

Ta iwan has compl ied w i th the cont ro l measures on Article 2 Parties in the Montreal Protocol, and has step-by-step phased out ODSs since 1994, including halons, CFCs, CCl4,1,1,1-tr ichloroethane, HBFCs, and

bromochloromethane. Currently, no production of ODSs and 25% of HCFCs consumption is the only existing ODS in Taiwan. Import of methyl bromide is allowed only for Quarantine and Pre-shipment (QPS) use.

The Phase-out of Ozone-depleting substances in Taiwan

Taiwan’s ODSs phase-out schedule following the Montreal Protocol

Since 1983, CFCs has been restricted

in cosmetic spray products

1989Montreal Protocol ratified

1994.1.1Consumption of

halons was zero

2000.1.1Ban on importation of

halon extinghuishers

2005.1.1Consumption of methyl bromide was zero.Importing MB is only allowed for QPS

application

2002.1.1Consumption of Bromochloromethane

was zero

1996.1.1Consumptions of CFCs, CCl4, HBFCs, methyl

chloroform were zero

2004.1.1 Bans on using HCFC-141b for several applications

Consumption of HCFCs was reduced to 65％

2000.1.1 Bans on using HCFCs for cleaning process

for PC products

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005next page

2

2011.1.1 Bans on using HCFC-141b for foam blowing and solvent cleaning Bans on using HCFC-22 for producing new air

conditioner below 7.1kW

2016.1.1 Bans on using HCFCs for foam blowing or HCFC-22 for producing new air

conditioner or refrigeration

2020.1.1 Bans on using HCFCs for solvent cleaning or HCFCs for producing new air

conditioner or refrigeration

2010.1.1 Stop allocating quotas to users who uses HCFC-141b for foam blowing or solvent cleaning, and HCFC-22 for producing new air conditioner below 7.1kWConsumption of HCFCs

was reduced to 25％

2020.1.1 Consumption of HCFCs will be reduced to 0.5％ and

only for service

2030.1.1HCFCs will be

phased out2015.1.1 Stop allocating quotas to users who uses HCFCs for foam blowing or HCFC-22 for producing new air conditioner or refrigeration.

Consumption of HCFCs will be reduced to 10％

2008.1.1 Bans on using HCFC-141b for producing

refrigerator

2010

2015

2020

2030

Taiwan’s ODSs phase-out schedule following the Montreal Protocol

Technology exhibition in MOP9

3

Phasing-out HCFCs

The local regulation for controlling HCFCs initiated a ban on their consumption in

1996. And the Regulation for Consumption Management of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons was promulgated and implemented by the Taiwan EPA in 2003 and some applications for using HCFCs were prohibited. Continually, the government annually uses al location mechanism to control the consumption, and gradually stopped allocating and prohibited uses of HCFCs for specific application.

The Taiwan EPA allocates annual HCFCs quotas for approved suppliers and users twice a year in order to keep consumption of HCFCs below the yearly cap in Taiwan. The HCFCs allocation principle is firstly distributed to users according to their declare use for productions the previous year, and the rest is then distributed to each supplier according to the ratio of substantial import. The statistic data of each year has indicated that both the HCFCs amount in each use and its allocated quota have been decreased annually. Until now, the total quotas for users in 2014 are 70.8 ODPmetric tons, while the total importers’ quotas are 88.5 ODP metric tons.

638.16

414.80

1996

2004

2010

2011

2012

2013

2020

2015

2030

152.56

152.81

153.09

155.42

63.82

3.19

100%

65%

25%

10%

0.5%

ODP tons

ODP tons

ODP tons

ODP tons

ODP tons

ODP tons

ODP tons

0 %

ODP tons

The yearly HCFCs cap and real consumption in Taiwan

4

Unt i l now the use of HCFCs has been prohibited for certain applications, including HCFCs in mist propellants, HCFC-141b in cleaning processes, HCFC-141b in all PU foam blowing and HCFC-22 in producing window type (including split type) air conditioners below 7.1kw. Moreover, only 10% consumption for HCFCs could remain in 2015 and 0.5% in 2020. Aiming to reach the upcoming targets

and successively phase out of HCFCs by 2030, an amendment of the Regulation for Consumption Management of HCFCs will be effective in 2015. The quotas for using HCFCs in foam blowing and HCFC-22 in producing new air conditioners or refrigeration should be ceased to allocate after 2015. And those applications also should be prohibited using HCFC-22 after January 1, 2016.

2000HCFCs banned in cleaning process for PC products including main-board, adapter cards and computer mouse

2004HCFC-141b banned in several applications for PU foam blowing and cleaning process including producing soft and semi-rigid PU, non-insulation purpose PU, insulation PU in general temperature, electronic information products and non-electronic products

2011HCFC-22 banned for new AC under 7.1 kw

2011HCFC-141b banned in producing insulation PU for low temperature HCFC-141b banned in cleaning process for satellite microwave communictions products

2016No HCFC-22 in new AC and refrigeration

2010HCFCs banned for mist propellants

2016No HCFCs in foam blowing

2020No HCFCs in new AC and refrigerationNo HCFCs in cleaning process

2008HCFC-141b banned in producing refrigerator

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

HCFCs

HCFC-141b

HCFC-22

Use bans scheduled to phase-out HCFCs in Taiwan

5

Methyl Bromide Control Measures

Methyl bromide has been prohibited for use as an environmental agent in Taiwan since 1998. Moreover, in response to global actions toward ozone layer protection, Taiwan has reduced consumption of methyl bromide to zero after 2005. However, importation is still allowed only for quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) appl icat ion through an effect ive allocation mechanism. The Regulations for Management of Methyl Bromide that define the mechanism were published in 2003. It

regulates methyl bromide production, import, export, application and declaration procedures, expert reviews, and administrative examination tasks. Methyl bromide importers and users for QPS purposes must apply to the central competent authority for importation and use permits for the upcoming half of the calendar year by the end of the preceding February and August. Administrative examination tasks are based on the users’ declaration data, including the actual amount used and estimated amount needed. In 2014, the EPA was approved the allocation of 56.1 metric tons of methyl bromide to the users and importers.

(Kg)

0

Allocation Amount Import Amount Sales Amount Use Amount

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

134,472

104,705

66,670

73,06863,83065,688

55,085

61,938

64,016

62,756

63,12755,338

49,95741,24643,546 45,65444,589

51,08450,47347,35358,159 57,27957,597

57,133

51,209

54,18150,30337,154

Methyl bromide for QPS applications in Taiwan

6

Heat Treatment

Methyl Bromide Treatment

90.1% 98.6%

1.4%9.9%

20142005

Heat treatment facilities vs methyl bromide treatment facilities

Meanwhile, a successful transition pathway from methyl bromide fumigation to heat treatment for QPS also leads to a decrease of methyl bromide consumption. Now, in 2014, after long-term promotion, we have overwhelmingly transitioned to 419 (98.6%)

heat treatment and reduced to only 6 (1.4%) methyl bromide fumigation facilities for QPS applications.

Testing methyl bromide alternatives on wooden

packing materials

Visiting methyl bromide users and providing advice on its application

7

To effectively prevent emission of ozone-depleting refrigerants, Taiwan promulgated regulations that mandate refrigerant recovery equipment be used when serv ic ing a i r conditioners and refrigerators/freezers. Taiwan also mandates the recovery of refrigerants from end-of-life vehicles (ELV) and home appliances. All vehicles, refrigerators and air conditioners for households which contain ODS shall be recovered before dismantling through recovery equipment, specific joints and contained. Recovered ODS can be reused (service only) or destroyed.

In 2014, it is estimated around 127,014 automobiles, 579,738 air-conditioners and 411,150 refrigerators were treated by officially recognized companies. There were 18.3 metric tons of refrigerant (including both R-12 and R-134a) recovered from ELVs. Meanwhile, 36.5 metric tons of R-11 and HCFC-141b, 15.9 metric tons of R-12, and 176.5 metric tons of R-22 were recovered from end-of-life home appliances.

Recovery & Destruction of ODS

Export

Recover

Destroy

Import HFCs

HCFCs

HFCs

CFCsHCFCs

Reuse(service)

8

On the other hand, the Taiwan EPA also established the National Halons Management Center and established a halons management mechanism in 2005. This includes setting up the standard procedure of halons on sampling, testing, disassembling, recycling and purification. The logistic supply of usable halons

after dis-assembling for essential uses is then provided. The current estimation indicates that there are about 10 metric tons of halon-1301 which have been purified and transferred to needed users. Moreover, the Taiwan EPA is also establishing local ODS treatment facilities for seized and unused ODSs.

Met

ric T

ons

250.0

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0

Refrigerants from Waste Air-conditioners

Foam Blowing Agents from Waste Refrigerants

Refrigerants from Waste Refrigerants

Refrigerants from Waste Vehicles

176.5

15.9

36.5

18.3

141.0

13.8

28.418.0

126.5

8.7

21.919.1

122.2

5.8

17.723.6

77.2

3.010.122.5

97.3

4.513.317.5

73.0

3.212.120.2

20072008

2009 2010 2011 2012

2013

Amount of recovered ODS in Taiwan (Source: Recycling Fund Management Board of Taiwan EPA )

Healing the ozone layer will take many years and require a concerted effort to accomplish. Although the ODSs management in Taiwan have achieved excellent efforts to date, the job

is far from done. The challenge for the final step of phase out is ahead. We would need to look at the non-common remaining users, assisting them to find the suitable alternatives on economic acceptability and products performance.

The challenges remaining include:

• Only10%consumptionofHCFCsduring2015and2019:ItwillhaveamajorinfluenceongettingODS for maintenance of various equipment for more than 100,000 existing chillers. Moreover, a proper, fair and reasonable managing strategy and regulation for allocating and using HCFCs is critical. The strategies that the government is developing for local industries and HCFCs suppliers will play a key role.

• ODSsbanksystem:Developinga recyclingmechanismandpromotingusingrecycledODSscould reduce the demand of original HCFCs, the development of ODSs bank mechanism for all ODSs is crucial.

• Newsubstitutesdevelopment:Variousnewsubstitutestechnologyandproductsare industrialdesired, and it could encourage early replacement to prevent ODSs emission.

• HFCsmanagement:MoreandmoreHFCsrefrigerantsareusedinTaiwan.Alternativeswouldbedifficult to develop in high humidity and temperature in the summer. The alternatives feasibility assessment and the suitable strategies for HFCs management are also being studied in Taiwan.

The government will continue to raise awareness among industries of the benefits of choosing environmentally sound alternatives and developing future reduction strategies. We hope to keep working with the international community to benefit the world, protect the Earth and achieve sustainable development for our future generations.

Looking ahead

OZONE LAYER PROTECTION- Taiwan’s Efforts

Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration.

Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration.

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OZONE LAYER PROTECTIONOZONE LAYER PROTECTION- Taiwan’s Efforts- Taiwan’s Efforts

Ozone Layer Protection - Taiwan’s Efforts