osterhout (1997) b&l
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Osterhout (1997) B&L. On the brain response to syntactic anomalies: Manipulations of word position and word class reveal individual differences. N400. Kutas & Hillyard (1980) Science = First published N400 in response to semantically anomalous words in sentences - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Osterhout (1997) B&L
On the brain response to syntactic anomalies: Manipulations of word
position and word class reveal individual differences
N400Kutas & Hillyard (1980) Science= First published N400 in response to semantically anomalous words in sentences
Kutas & Hillyard (1984) Nature= First published demonstration that N400 amplitude reflects degree of semantic anomaly
Osterhout (1997) TICS- Straightforward N400 effect for anomalous word
P200 response to next word
Next word presented (SOA = 650 msec)
N400
P600
P200 response to next word
Next word presented (SOA = 650 msec)
Osterhout & Holcomb (1992) JMLHagoort, Brown, & Groothusen(1993) LCP- First published P600/(Syntactic Positive Shift) in response to ungrammatical words in sentences
Osterhout (1997) TICS- Straightforward (& huge!) P600 effect for ungrammatical word
N400 + P600Osterhout (1997) TICS- Both components evoked by same word that has both semantic & grammatical problems in the context- Unusually clean!
P600 amplitude a bit lower, probably because continuing N400 effectpulls waveform more negative- N400 & P600 have very similar scalp distributions
Osterhout (1997) B&L
Experiment 1 - Stimuli
Semantic AnomalyThe cats won’t EAT the food that Mary leaves them.
The cats won’t BAKE the food that Mary leaves them.
Agreement ViolationsThey said you were wandering about and talking to YOURSELF (in Latin).
They said you were wandering about and talking to MYSELF (in Latin).
Stimulus Sentences
Experiment 2 - Stimuli
The boat sailed down the river and SANK (during the storm).
Semantic AnomalyThe boat sailed down the river and ATE (during the storm).
Garden PathThe boat floated down the river SANK (during the storm).
Procedures/Design• Sentences presented word-by-word centrally • SOA = 650 msec (slow!)• End-of-sentence acceptability judgments
• Expt 1 – N = 16– 120 sets of 4 sentence versions in Agree Viol conds (30)– 60 sets of 2 sentence versions in Sem Anom conds (30)– So, 90 unacceptable + 90 acceptable sentences = 180 trials– No distractors
• Expt 2– N = 30– 90 sets of 3 sentence versions in Sem Anom/GP conds (30)
– Sentence length = between subjects manipulation
– 60 sets of 2 sentence versions in Agree Viol conds (30)– 30 distractors (15 unacceptable)– So, 75 unacceptable + 75 acceptable + 30 ? = 180 trials
Osterhout (1997) B&LSemantic Anomalies
N400
NOT typical N400scalp distribution- Too much frontal negativity- Something else going on, too
Reflexive Agreement Violations
Pretty typical P600scalp distribution
P600
But also Left Anterior Negativity (LAN)?
Garden-Path SentencesGP word sentence-medial
GP sentences= Reduced Relatives
N400 + P600in response toGP word- Previously, Osterhout got only P600 for these sentences
Garden-Path SentencesGP word sentence-final
Similar N400+P600pattern for GP word
More late positivityoverall because finalword in sentence
Individual Differences
• Grand means showed N400 followed by P600– BUT, when looked at individual participant
means, discovered that they showed either N400 or P600, but no one showed both
• So grand means are quite misleading!
• Unrelated to only individual difference measures collected– Gender– Handedness
“P600” Participants OnlySentence-medial N = 12, Sentence-final N = 7
Comparing ERPs to the same word- Only difference is 1 preceding word
“N400” Participants OnlySentence-medial N = 2, Sentence-final N = 7
Comparing ERPs to the same word- Only difference is 1 preceding word
GP N400 is like Sem Anom N400
Agree Viol P600 similar acrossall participants
• Osterhout (personal communication) has recently found that doing frequency decomposition of the EEG at the critical point in the good versions of the sentences & looking at the power in different frequency bands predicts whether a participant will show N400 or P600 in the GP sentences