origins of romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/ch 06 rome notes.pdf · chapter 6 ancient...

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C CH HA AP PT TE ER R 6 6 A AN NC CI IE EN NT T R RO OM ME E 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome Italian Peninsula Tiber River Built by _______________ Influenced by _______________ & Etruscans T Th he e E Ea ar rl l y y R Re ep pu ub bl l i i c c ____________________ – citizens vote for leaders ______________________________ democracy Twelve Tables – written __________ code; Forum 2 Consuls – elected for one year terms One ran the _____________________ One controlled the ____________________ Checks & ____________________ The Roman _________________ 300 members that served for __________ Issued decrees and interpreted __________ Dictator - leader w/ _____________________ power Valued ____________________ service Rome Conquers _______________ 265 BC - Romans controlled nearly all of Italy __________________ policy toward defeated enemies R Ri i v va al l r ry y w wi i t t h h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Carthage - city-state on the northern coast of ___________________ Settled by ________________________ traders _____________ Wars 3 wars between Carthage and Rome _______________ won the 1 st

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Page 1: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

CCHHAAPPTTEERR 66

AANNCCIIEENNTT RROOMMEE

550000 BBCC –– AADD 550000 SSEECCTTIIOONN 11

““TTHHEE RROOMMAANN RREEPPUUBBLLIICC””

Origins of Rome

• Italian Peninsula – Tiber River

• Built by _______________ • Influenced by _______________ & Etruscans

TThhee EEaarrllyy RReeppuubblliicc

•• ________________________________________ –– cciittiizzeennss vvoottee ffoorr lleeaaddeerrss –– ____________________________________________________________ ddeemmooccrraaccyy

•• TTwweellvvee TTaabblleess –– wwrriitttteenn ____________________ ccooddee;; FFoorruumm

•• 22 CCoonnssuullss –– eelleecctteedd ffoorr oonnee yyeeaarr tteerrmmss –– OOnnee rraann tthhee __________________________________________

–– OOnnee ccoonnttrroolllleedd tthhee ________________________________________

–– CChheecckkss && ________________________________________

•• TThhee RRoommaann __________________________________ –– 330000 mmeemmbbeerrss tthhaatt sseerrvveedd ffoorr ____________________

–– IIssssuueedd ddeeccrreeeess aanndd iinntteerrpprreetteedd ____________________

•• DDiiccttaattoorr -- lleeaaddeerr ww// __________________________________________ ppoowweerr

•• VVaalluueedd ________________________________________ sseerrvviiccee

Rome Conquers _______________ •• 226655 BBCC -- RRoommaannss ccoonnttrroolllleedd nneeaarrllyy aallll ooff IIttaallyy

–– ____________________________________ ppoolliiccyy ttoowwaarrdd ddeeffeeaatteedd eenneemmiieess

RRiivvaallrryy wwiitthh ________________________________________ • Carthage - city-state on the northern coast of ___________________

– Settled by ________________________ traders

• _____________ Wars – 3 wars between Carthage and Rome – _______________ won the 1st

Page 2: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

WWaarr wwiitthh CCaarrtthhaaggee

•• 22nndd

PPuunniicc WWaarr –– ____________________________lleedd tthhee CCaarrtthhaaggiinniiaann aarrmmyy tthhrroouugghh tthhee AAllppss iinnttoo IIttaallyy

–– SScciippiioo aattttaacckkeedd CCaarrtthhaaggee && ________________________________________ HHaannnniibbaall

•• 33rrdd

PPuunniicc WWaarr –– CCaarrtthhaaggee’’ss ffiinnaall ______________________________ –– BBeeccaammee aa ________________________________________ pprroovviinnccee

•• RRoommee rruulleedd tthhee __________________________________________________

CChhaapptteerr 66 SSeeccttiioonn 22

““TTHHEE RROOMMAANN EEMMPPIIRREE””

TThhee RReeppuubblliicc ________________________________________ •• TThhee RReeppuubblliicc ccoouulldd nnoott ssoollvvee pprroobblleemmss ________________________________________

•• ________________________________________bbrrootthheerrss pprrooppoosseedd rreeffoorrmmss;; kkiilllleedd

•• CCiivviill wwaarr –– ccoonnfflliicctt bbeettwweeeenn ggrroouuppss wwiitthhiinn tthhee ____________________________________________

•• SSoollddiieerrss bbeeccaammee oorrggaanniizzeedd,, ______________________________________________________________ aarrmmiieess –– LLooyyaall ttoo tthheeiirr __________________________________________ (($$)),, nnoott ______________________________

JJuulliiuuss CCaaeessaarr •• TTrriiuummvviirraattee:: CCaaeessaarr,, CCrraassssuuss && ________________________________________

•• CCoonnqquueerreedd ____________________________

•• PPoommppeeyy ggrreeww jjeeaalloouuss –– CCoonnvviinncceedd tthhee ____________________ ttoo oorrddeerr CCaaeessaarr ttoo ddiissbbaanndd hhiiss aarrmmyy aanndd rreettuurrnn ttoo RRoommee

CCaaeessaarr’’ss bbiidd ffoorr PPoowweerr

•• CCaaeessaarr lleedd hhiiss aarrmmyy aaccrroossss tthhee ____________________ RRiivveerr ttoowwaarrdd RRoommee

–– ttrreeaassoonn

•• HHee ccrruusshheedd ____________________________________ aanndd hhiiss ssuuppppoorrtteerrss

•• SSeennaattee nnaammeedd hhiimm ddiiccttaattoorr

•• ““VVeennii,, VViiddii,, VViiccii”” –– II ccaammee,, II ssaaww,, II ____________________________________________

•• ______________________________________ rreeffoorrmmss

IIddeess ooff MMaarrcchh

•• MMaannyy wwoorrrriieedd tthheeyy wwoouulldd lloossee tthheeiirr iinnfflluueennccee

•• CCaaeessaarr wwaass ____________________________ ttoo ddeeaatthh iinn tthhee ____________________________

•• Start of new _______________________

Page 3: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

•• SSeeccoonndd TTrriiuummvviirraattee:: ________________________________,, OOccttaavviiaann ,, && LLeeppiidduuss

rruulleedd ffoorr tteenn yyeeaarrss..

•• PPoowweerr ssttrruuggggllee bbeettwweeeenn __________________________________ aanndd MMaarrcc AAnnttoonnyy

((jjooiinneedd bbyy ________________________________________))

AAuugguussttuuss

• ____________________ defeated _________________________ • The Senate called him “Augustus” (exalted one) He ruled like a ________

– the end of the Republic

PPaaxx RRoommaannaa

• Pax Romana - “Roman ____________________” for 200 years

• Peace, order, unity & ________________________ • Largest Land area - Spread of ______________

• ________________________; Values

Religion • Many Gods & Goddesses (like the Greeks) GREEK ROMAN

Zeus _________________ - ruled the sky & other gods Hera ______________ – protected marriage Poseidon ______________ – god of the sea • __________________ for the gods

BBrreeaadd aanndd CCiirrccuusseess

• Entertainment events paid for with ____________ $ – Free admission; satisfy the _______________________

• Circus Maximus – Rome’s largest race course

• Chariot races

GGllaaddiiaattoorrss

• ______________ trained to fight • Could win _________________ • A poor showing could mean _________

Page 4: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

CChhaapptteerr 66 SSeeccttiioonn 33

TThhee RRiissee ooff CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy

Jews and the _____________________ • Religious _________________ • __________________ called for Jews to revolt • __________________ – savior sent by GOD

The Life of Jesus

• __________ – story of Jesus’ life as written by 4 of his apostles • Jesus was born around 4 BC in Bethlehem & raised in Nazareth • Carpenter • At age 30, he began preaching and performing miracles around

the Sea of ______________________

JJeessuuss’’ MMeessssaaggee

• One God

• Ten Commandments; teachings of the prophets

• Messiah, __________ of God;

• ______________________ salvation and ____________________ life

• _______________ your enemies

Death on the Cross

• Jewish priest accused him of ________________________ • ____________________ thought he might lead a rebellion

• He was tried and ____________________

Resurrection

•• JJeessuuss __________________________________________ ttoo hhiiss ddiisscciipplleess

•• ______________________________________ –– ffoolllloowweerr tthhaatt sspprreeaadd JJeessuuss’’ mmeessssaaggee

•• ______________________________________ –– ““mmeessssiiaahh oorr ssaavviioorr””

•• BBeelliieevveerrss bbeeccaammee tthhee ffiirrsstt ________________________________________________________

Page 5: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

Christianity

• ________________ – excellent conditions to spread Christianity • Work of __________________

– Spread Christ’s teachings to __________________ – Wrote ___________________ – letters to churches

Jewish Rebellion

• AD 66 – a band of Jews rebelled – Romans stormed ________________________ – Ended at ______________________ in AD 73

• AD 132 – 2nd

rebellion – Jewish political state ceased to ________________ – ______________________ – dispersal of the Jews

PPeerrsseeccuuttiioonn

•• CChhrriissttiiaannss wweerree ssuussppeecctteedd ooff ______________________ ttoo RRoommee;; PPeerrsseeccuutteedd

•• __________________________________ –– ppeeooppllee wwhhoo ssuuffffeerr oorr ddiiee ffoorr tthheeiirr bbeelliieeffss

•• SSuurrvviivvaall:: ppeeooppllee wweerree iimmpprreesssseedd bbyy tthhee CChhrriissttiiaannss’’ wwiilllliinnggnneessss

ttoo ____________________ ffoorr tthheeiirr bbeelliieeffss

•• WWiiddeesspprreeaadd ____________________________

Triumph • AD 313, Emperor ________________ issued the Edict of Milan

– ended the persecution of Christians • Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the __________ religion

of Rome • When the Roman Empire collapsed, the __________ inherited

many of its functions

Early Christian Church

• Priest – __________ church leader • __________________ – supervised several local churches • __________ – bishop of Rome (heir to __________); leader of

the whole church • Disagreements; _________________ – contradictory beliefs • New __________________ added (Gospels, Epistles, +)

Page 6: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

CChh 66 SSeecc 44

TThhee FFaallll ooff RRoommee

AA CCeennttuurryy ooff CCrriissiiss

�� AADD 118800 –– ddeeaatthh ooff MMaarrccuuss ____________________________________ �� ________________________________________ ttuurrmmooiill

�� 2266 eemmppeerroorrss dduurriinngg aa 5500 yyeeaarr ppeerriioodd

�� EEccoonnoommiicc PPrroobblleemmss �� TTrraaddee ddiissrruupptteedd �� HHiigghh ________________________________ �� ________________________________________ == ddrroopp iinn $$ vvaalluuee ++ rriissee iinn pprriicceess �� FFoooodd sshhoorrttaaggeess

�� MMiilliittaarryy PPrroobblleemmss �� LLeessss ddiisscciipplliinnee && llooyyaallttyy �� ______________________________________ –– ffoorreeiiggnn ssoollddiieerrss ffoorr hhiirree

EEffffoorrttss aatt RReeffoorrmm

�� DDiioocclleettiiaann ((228844)) �� ______________________________________ ffrreeeeddoommss;; rreessttoorreedd oorrddeerr

�� ____________________________________ tthhee eemmppiirree ttoo mmaakkee iitt eeaassiieerr ttoo ggoovveerrnn �� AAppppooiinntteedd aa ccoo--eemmppeerroorr ttoo rruullee tthhee ____________________________________ ppaarrtt

CCoonnssttaannttiinnee ((331122))

�� ________________________________________ CChhrriissttiiaannss –– EEddiicctt ooff MMiillaann �� MMoovveedd tthhee ccaappiittaall ttoo ________________________________________________________\\ ((CCoonnssttaannttiinnooppllee))

�� lleefftt tthhee wweesstt wweeaakk

FFoorreeiiggnn IInnvvaassiioonnss

�� __________________ ffrroomm cceennttrraall AAssiiaa ppuusshheedd GGeerrmmaanniicc ttrriibbeess iinnttoo

RRoommaann tteerrrriittoorryy �� 441100 –– GGeerrmmaannss pplluunnddeerreedd RRoommee

Page 7: Origins of Romemreskew.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/71862998/Ch 06 Rome Notes.pdf · CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT ROME 500 BC – AD 500 SECTION 1 “THE ROMAN REPUBLIC” Origins of Rome • Italian

AAttttiillaa tthhee HHuunn

�� 444444 –– __________________ lleedd tthhee HHuunnss aaggaaiinnsstt bbootthh hhaallvveess ooff tthhee eemmppiirree..

�� AAttttiillaa ddiieedd iinn 445533,, bbuutt hhiiss iinnvvaassiioonnss sseenntt mmaannyy ____________________________

ttrriibbeess iinnttoo tthhee RRoommaann EEmmppiirree

�� 447766 –– ____________________________________ ((GGeerrmmaanniicc lleeaaddeerr)) oouusstteedd tthhee

eemmppeerroorr iinn RRoommee �� CCoonnssiiddeerreedd tthhee ____________________ ooff RRoommee

�� EEaasstteerrnn hhaallff bbeeccaammee tthhee ____________________________________________________ EEmmppiirree

TThhee LLeeggaaccyy ooff RRoommee

�� ____________________________________________________ CCiivviilliizzaattiioonn –– mmiixx ooff GGrreeeekk && RRoommaann

((GGrreeccoo--RRoommaann)) CCuullttuurree �� LLaattiinn && ________________________________________________ LLaanngguuaaggeess �� AArrcchhiitteeccttuurree –– aarrcchh,, ddoommee,, ________________________________________,, aaqquueedduuccttss,, aanndd rrooaaddss �� RRoommaann ____________________ –– ffaaiirr && jjuusstt �� SSttrreennggtthheenneedd ______________________________________ ccuullttuurraall ttrraaddiittiioonn

Review Question:

What were the main reasons for the Romans’ success in

controlling such a large empire? (Read “A Vast and Powerful Empire on pp. 162-163)