organismal physiology pdq 3 - cellular communication video notes part 3

8/18/2019 Organismal Physiology Pdq 3 - Cellular Communication Video Notes Part 3

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Name: Gabriela De Leon

Organism Form and Function (Maintaining Homeostasis and Responding to Stimuli)

Part 3: Cellular Communication

Directions: Use the links provided to access each video. Answer the questions below thoroughly and accurately. You

do not need to answer in complete sentences, however, please remember that a complete thought often requires a

complete sentence! You may need to record your answers on a separate piece of paper.

Video !: "o#eman "iolog$ % &ell &ommunication'ttp:*bo#emanscience*comscience+,ideos-.//0/1.23+cell+communication*'tml

1. According to Mr. Anderson, what are the three types of cell communication (see concept map)?They communicate by no distance, short distance, and long distance.

2. hat is the ad!antage of using long"distance communication? hy does Mr. Anderson compare this type of

communication to a #aceboo$ status post?The ad!antage is that the signal can be sent to multiple cells. #aceboo$ allows people to send a message to

multiple people.%. Cell-Cell Direct Contact: &'plain how an Antigen resenting ell communicates directly with a helper T cell.

Ma$e sure to discuss M*2 (Ma+or *istocompatibility omple' 2) and * in your answer. Antigen presentation is a process in the body-s immune system by which macrophages, dendritic cells and other

cell types capture antigens, then enable their recognition by T"cells. The T cell receptor is restricted to recogniing

antigenic peptides only when bound to appropriate molecules of the ma+or histocompatibility comple' (M*).

&'ogenous antigens are usually displayed on M* lass // molecules, which interact with 0 helper T cells.

0 lymphocytes, or T*, are immune response mediators, and play an important role in establishing and

ma'imiing the capabilities of the adapti!e immune response.. Cell-Cell Direct Contact: *ow does a helper T cell respond to communication with an A cell?

Antigen"presenting cell binds helper T cells to acti!ate or stimulate helper.. Short Distance Communication (using local regulators): &'plain how neurotransmitters are used for

communication between neurons (ner!e cells).3eurotransmitters use neurons to send a signal in order to communicate.

4. Short Distance Communication (using local regulators): 0escribe the function of 5"endorphin, a

neurotransmitter. *ow are drugs li$e morphine and heroin related to 5"endorphin?

5oth morphine and heroin bloc$ the neurotransmitters from sending the signal to brain saying that the body feelspain.

6. Long Distance Communication: 0escribe se!eral ways in which *uman 7rowth *ormone (secreted by the

brain8s pituitary gland) affects the body.The cells ar going to pic$ up the enyme and ma$e the muscle and bone grow.

Video 0: "o#eman "iolog$ % Signal 4ransduction 5at'a$s

'ttp:*bo#emanscience*comscience+,ideos-.//0/1.2!+signal+transduction+pat'a$s*'tml

***ote "n our #ell $ivision and %ignaling Unit, we discussed the three parts of cell signaling & 'eception, (ransduction,

and 'esponse. )ooking back to your notes from this unit may help you to better understand the content presented in this

video. ere, +r. Anderson gives you a reallife e-ample of signal transduction in the human body***

9. hat is a ligand? hich ligand is Mr. Anderson using as an e'ample in this !ideo?

A ligand is a substance that forms a comple' with a biomolecule to ser!e a biological purpose. The electric guitar.

:. 0escribe the role of the 7 protein receptor in this particular cell signaling pathway. Ma$e sure to mention the

alpha subunit;The 7"protein has three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. Acti!ation of the receptor by the neurotransmitter

dopamine causes the alpha subunit to e'change its 70 for a 7T.

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yclic AM is synthesied from AT by the action of the enyme adenylyl cyclase. 5inding of the hormone to its

receptor acti!ates a 7 protein which, in turn, acti!ates adenylyl cyclase.11. *ow does cyclic AM affect protein $inase molecules?

cAM will bind to protein $inase and releases the catalytic portions.12. *ow do protein $inase molecules acti!ate target enymes within the cell?

/T drops off the phosphate to phosphorylate and release glycogen.1%. hat is the target enyme in this e'ample? hat affect does this enyme ha!e on li!er glycogen?

hosphorylase. The glycogen is mo!ed.1. *ow does the message from ephinephrine get =amplified> in this pathway?

&pinephrine is used as a sample messenger to trigger the release of glucose from cells in the li!er.1. The epinephrine (a$a adrenaline) hormone is the signal that triggers the =fight or flight> response. ooo, let8s say

you see a big ole8 grily bear in the woods. This triggers the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands,

which sit on top of your $idneys. &pinephrine is recognied by 7 protein receptors on li!er cells, which causes the

cell to respond by brea$ing down glycogen and releasing glucose into the blood stream. *ow does increased

blood glucose help you to run away from the bear?/t gi!es the cells energy in order to ha!e them help the muscles. This will result in the person running faster and

longer.14. 0raw a picture summariing the epinephrine and li!er cell signaling pathway in the bo' gi!en below. @abel the

following molecules and steps in the process

Molecules: &pinephrine ligand, 7 protein, alpha subunit, adenylyl cyclase, AT, cAM, protein $inase,

phosphorylase, glycogen, glucose

Steps: Beception, Transduction (including phosphorylation), Besponse

Video /.: "o#eman "iolog$ % 677ects o7 &'anges in 5at'a$s

'ttp:*bo#emanscience*com.20+e77ects+o7+c'anges+in+pat'a$s

16. hat effect does the to'in produced by Anthra' bacteria ha!e on the adenylyl cyclase enyme? hy does this

ha!e so many effects on the body?/t shuts down the ner!es in the body. @ea!ing the body to not respond and die.

19. 0escribe a normal insulin and li!er cell signaling pathway. Ma$e sure to mention the insulin receptor and glucose

transporter in the membrane of the li!er cell.The insulin receptor is going to sit on inside of the cells then the insulin doc$s with that. Then it can effect a lot of

this li$e the glucose transporter.

AP Biology – Coley – Cellular Communication Video Notes

http://www.bozemanscience.com/039-effects-of-changes-in-pathwayshttp://www.bozemanscience.com/039-effects-of-changes-in-pathways


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1:. *ow does 0iabetes Type 1 affect the insulin and li!er cell signaling pathway? Yes, " reali/e this is review!0Type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin therefore it can8t doc$ into the insulin receptor.

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organismal physiology pdq 3 - cellular communication video notes part 3

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