organic reaction “on water”

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Organic reaction “on water” 2016. 10. 1. (sat.) Takumi Matsueda (M2) 1

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Page 1: Organic reaction “on water”

Organic reaction “on water”

2016. 10. 1. (sat.)

Takumi Matsueda (M2)

1

Page 2: Organic reaction “on water”

Today’s topic

1. Introduction

2. Investigation of “on water”

3. Application of “on water”

4. Summary

-Bulk & surface water

-Theoretical study (Diels-Alder)

-Fluorine effect (aldol reaction)

-ortho-Diamination (C-H activation)

2

Page 3: Organic reaction “on water”

The importance of water

Low cost

Green chemistry

Easy to separate

☹Low solubility

☹Decomposition of reagent

3

Page 4: Organic reaction “on water”

Use of water in organic synthesis

Kajino’s lit seminar (2015)

4

Page 5: Organic reaction “on water”

Separated reactant + water = “on water”5

Page 6: Organic reaction “on water”

Organic reaction promoted by “on water”

Sharpless, K. B. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3275-3279Wolfarth, E. F., White, W. N. J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 3585

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516Zoli, L. Cozzi, P. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 4162-4166

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

Chaojun, L. et al. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 6283-6290

6

Page 7: Organic reaction “on water”

Today’s topic

1. Introduction

2. Investigation of “on water”

3. Application of “on water”

4. Summary

-Bulk & surface water

-Theoretical study of DA

-Fluorine effect (aldol reaction)

-ortho-Diamination (C-H activation)

7

Page 8: Organic reaction “on water”

The nature of water8

Page 9: Organic reaction “on water”

H-bond energy of dimer H2O

Stillinger, F. H. Science 1980, 209, 451-457

Dyke, T. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 498

Clementi, E. J. Chem. Phys. 1973, 59, 1325

9

Page 10: Organic reaction “on water”

Stillinger, F. H. Science 1980, 209, 451-457

H-bond energy of bulk H2O10

Page 11: Organic reaction “on water”

Water surface11

Page 12: Organic reaction “on water”

Hickerson, W., Hammer, W. Science 1994, 264, 826-828

Environment of water surface12

Page 13: Organic reaction “on water”

Diels-Alder on water

Breslow, R., Rideout, D. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7816-7817

13

Page 14: Organic reaction “on water”

Faster than neat condition

Sharpless, K. B. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3275-3279

14

Page 15: Organic reaction “on water”

Theoretical study

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

15

Page 16: Organic reaction “on water”

“Neat” & “in water”16

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

Page 17: Organic reaction “on water”

“On water” modeling17

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

Page 18: Organic reaction “on water”

“On water”18

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

Page 19: Organic reaction “on water”

Experimental (model) & theoretical (DFT)

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

19

Page 20: Organic reaction “on water”

TS study (without vs with water)20

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

Page 21: Organic reaction “on water”

H-bond availability (in vs on water)21

Marcus, R. A., Yousung, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5492-5502

Page 22: Organic reaction “on water”

Short summary22

Page 23: Organic reaction “on water”

Today’s topic

1. Introduction

2. Investigation of “on water”

3. Application of “on water”

4. Summary

-Bulk & surface water

-Theoretical study of DA

-Fluorine effect (aldol reaction)

-ortho-Diamination (C-H activation)

23

Page 24: Organic reaction “on water”

Fluorine effect : Aldol reaction on water

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516

24

Page 25: Organic reaction “on water”

Previous research background

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9460-9464

Zhou, J. et al. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 1919-1921

25

Page 26: Organic reaction “on water”

Solvent effect

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516

26

Page 27: Organic reaction “on water”

Difluorine effect on water

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516

27

Page 28: Organic reaction “on water”

DFT calculation

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516

28

Page 29: Organic reaction “on water”

Asymmetric aldol reaction on water

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516

29

Page 30: Organic reaction “on water”

C-H activation : ortho-Diamination on water

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

30

Page 31: Organic reaction “on water”

C-H amination “on water”

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1513-1516

31

Page 32: Organic reaction “on water”

Necessity of “on water” condition

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1513-1516

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

32

Page 33: Organic reaction “on water”

Proposed mechanism

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1513-1516

33

Page 34: Organic reaction “on water”

Mechanical study

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1513-1516

34

Page 35: Organic reaction “on water”

Proposed mechanism

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1513-1516

35

Page 36: Organic reaction “on water”

Research background of ortho-diamination

Chang, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 1132-1140

36

Page 37: Organic reaction “on water”

Monoamination “on water”

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

37

Page 38: Organic reaction “on water”

Diamination “on water”

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

38

Page 39: Organic reaction “on water”

Proposed mechanism of diamination

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

39

Page 40: Organic reaction “on water”

Short summary

Di-F promoting aldol reaction on water

Difunctionalization by “roll-over” on water

Lu, H. et al. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386-1389

Zhou, J. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9512-9516

40

Page 41: Organic reaction “on water”

Today’s topic

1. Introduction

2. Investigation of “on water”

3. Application of “on water”

4. Summary

-Bulk & surface water

-Theoretical study of DA

-Fluorine effect (aldol reaction)

-ortho-Diamination (C-H activation)

41

Page 42: Organic reaction “on water”

Summary

Characters of on water reaction

Catalysed by “dangling OH”

H-bond activation of O, F... atoms

Break intramolecular H-bond

Problematic points of on water reaction

☹Low generality ... substrate, metal etc

☹Few reports of asymmetric reaction

42

Page 43: Organic reaction “on water”

Future : Organocatalyst on water?

Reaction promoted “on water”

Reaction not promoted “on water”

Activation from hydrophobic site

Organocatalyst containig surface recognition moiety

→ Site-selectivity?

43

Page 44: Organic reaction “on water”

Q & A

Page 45: Organic reaction “on water”

Q.

On waterって結局は特殊な水素結合を使うという感じだが、

ウレア触媒に比べたメリットがあるのだろうか?(コスト面以外で)

A.

現状存在する有機溶媒中のウレア触媒を活かした不斉反応などと比較すると

on waterの不斉反応は例が少なく現段階ではまだメリットが少ないように感

じました。On waterは反応剤同士が近傍にあるニート+水素結合という環境

なので、(例えばfutureのような)触媒デザインが確立できれば高濃度条件

で早く反応が進行できるというメリットが出てくるのではないかと思います。

Q.

スライド14、on H2Oとon D2Oの違い

A.

これは水と重水の粘度の差による撹拌効率が影響しているといわれています。

重水の方が水より粘度が高く撹拌時に生じる油滴半径が大きくなるため反応

の完結が遅くなります。(水素結合の強さによる差が原因ならKIEが5~7とな

るそうですが、今回の反応ではKIE=1.2と影響が小さく水素結合による差では

ない要因であると推測できます。)←Marcusらの論文よりJACS 2007,5492

Page 46: Organic reaction “on water”

Q.

スライド38、電子豊富なアリールアミンを先に入れるとダメで後に入れる

と上手くいく理由はなぜ

A.

このアミノ化における律速段階はアジドがRh錯体に配位する所で、前段階の

roll-overやC-H活性化は可逆であることが分かっています。となると反応性は

一つ目のアミノ化が終わった基質(分子内安定化あり)と二つ目のアジドの

配位能との比較で収率への影響が決まります。一つ目が電子豊富だと分子内

安定化が大きいためroll overが遅くなり、かつ二つ目の電子不足なアジドが

配位しにくくなるため反応性が低下します。

逆にいえば二つ目のアジドを電子豊富にすることでアジドの配位を有利にし

反応の進行につながります。

Page 47: Organic reaction “on water”

Q.

海水や水道水みたいな不純物の含まれた水でも使えるのか

A.

実際に使用した例は分かりませが、LiCl塩をいれると疎水分子がより分離

しやすくなるなど何かしらの塩を添加することで反応性に影響を与える

ことはありうると思います。

ちなみに、アンモニアの添加はdangling OHの水素を非共有電子対がトラップ

してしまい水素結合による加速を奪ってしまうという負の効果をもたらす

添加物の存在なども報告されるため、何でも加えればいいという訳では

なさそうです。(参考:J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 2446-2454)