operational experience of chariot ultra capacitor e-buses · tel aviv project (israel) delivery of...

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Copyright © 2018 by Chariot Motors

Operational experience of Chariot Ultra Capacitor e-buses

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The electric buses are going to become the most preferred rolling stock

to be procured by the public operators in Europe within the next couple of

years

All across Europe the capitals and big cities are introducing policies for

promotion and purchase of electric buses.

Several European countries already announced that they will completely

ban the diesel buses on national level and only and electric buses are

going to be purchased.

From the perspective of Total Cost of Ownership the electric buses are

the most economical vehicles for public transportation.

Desire for zero emissions urban transport vehicles

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Chariot Motors together with Aowei Technology have developed the

first ever ultracapacitors electric bus (Chariot e-bus) to be used for

commercial operation in Europe.

Chariot e-bus is purely ultracapacitor (UC) based city e-bus that deploys

the latest electric drive and world’s most advanced ultracapacitor

technology by Aowei.

Chariot e-bus is a silent, low-cost vehicle with zero-emissions, which

complies with the European homologation certifications, the strict market

requirements in EU, including the ECE R100 standard for energy storage

devices.

About the company

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Chariot Motors’ supply chain

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5 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by GSP Belgrade since 1st Sep 2016.

Chariot electric buses on the map

26 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by DAN, Tel Aviv as per the end of 2017 with another 100 UC buses agreed to be delivered in 2018 & 2019

2 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by Holding Graz Linien, Austria since April 2017

Sofia Public Electrical Transport Company

15+15 UC e-buses contract financed by EBRD. Start of operation in 2019

1 UC e-bus in operation in Italy since March 2018

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Graz, Austria

There are 2 ultracapacitors e-buses in pilot operation since April 2017 • The UC e-buses performance has been evaluated with a grade 1.7 (1 is best, 5 is worst)

• 91% acceptance by the passengers

Belgrade, Serbia

5 ultracapacitors e-buses are in commercial operation since Sep 2016: • operational schedule from 5:30 o’clock until 23:00 o’clock, 7days per week;

• operation in the temperature range from -14°C in winter up to 40°C during the summer;

• availability of the ultracapacitor electric bus line over one calendar year of 97.5%.

Tel Aviv, Israel

26 ultracapacitors e-buses are in commercial operation since Sep 2016. • The e-buses have proven robust operation in the Israeli high-tech environment.

• another 100 UC e-buses are singed in Oct 2017 and will be delivered in 2018 & 2019.

Sofia, Bulgaria • 15+15 UC e-buses contract financed by EBRD. Start of operation of the first 15 UC ebuses

is planned for 2019.

Results from the UC e-buses operation in the quoted cities

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Supercapacitor electric bus – general view

Supercapacitor location

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General UC e-bus components

Wheel hub electric motors Central electric motor

DC electric heating 18 m UC e-bus

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• Operated and maintained by the Sofia trolleybus company;

• line № 11 (trolleybus line);

• line length of 11.2 km, crossing;

• DC/DC charging stations at terminals only, using trolleybus power supply;

• Siemens electric motors, 2 x 67 kW

Examples of electric buses operated by trolleybus operators – UC Chariot e-bus, Sofia example, 2014

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Charging station + pantograph

Charging poles Charging station, 660V DC to 585V DC

Ultracapacitor Pantograph during charging

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• capable of travelling about 25 km – 30 km on a single

charge performed for 2 - 5 minutes at the terminal, based

on the 40 kWh UC, 470 A charging current;

• charging at terminal(s) only and not on passengers stops;

• economical means of transportation with proved average

consumption of about 1.1 kWh/km including AC;

• low maintenance cost due to the lack of expensive-to-

maintain combustion engine vehicles systems;

• does not require overhead power line, thus avoiding

infrastructure and maintenance costs;

• not influenced by outside temperatures and capable of

operating with ease in various weather conditions;

• passengers load of a regular trolleybus / diesel bus.

Key Chariot UC е-bus features

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Technological and operational advantages of ultracapacitors compared to the batteries

• Aowei’s ultracapacitors accumulated more than 11 years / 12 million km of experience and used in electric buses since 2006 being the most matured energy technology used in for electric buses;

• average energy recuperation rate of the ultracapacitor is 32.2%, reaching up to 39%;

• ultracapacitor is mounted in a safety container preventing risks in case of accident;

• Operational temperatures form -30°C to +60°C;

• The UC contains no harmful or toxic substances leading to no pollution of hazardous disposal at no extra disposal cost;

• no energy storage replacement-related costs;

• Charging factor is 10C

• less powerful charging infrastructure compared to batteries;

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Comparison between UC and fast charging batteries Ultracapacitor Fast charging batteries

Performance • Excellent in broader temperature

range. About 20% better

performing than fast recharge

battery.

• More sensitive operation in

broader temperature range

Safety • Excellent with explosive proof

tank.

• Good, but there is the

possibility of fire.

Recuperation • As per Belicon institute study the

average recuperation is 32.2%

reaching up to 39%.

• lower recuperation levels, thus

higher electricity consumption

Charging time

Charging factor

• About 3 minutes as UC could

afford 10C

• About 5 minutes

• LTO battery could afford 4C

charging, LpCO could afford 3C

charging

Lifetime

Warranty

• Manufacturing warranty of 8 years

that could be extended to 10 years

• Replacement after 5-7 years of

operation.

• Manufacturing warranty is 5

years.

Disposal • No toxic /hazardous substances • More demanding disposal costs

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Results from an independent validation by BELICON Chariot e-bus performance

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Charging Stations

150 kW DC/DC

340 kW AC/DC

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One charging station – different type of electric buses

Charging Charging

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Central Report Unit

IT / Data

Alarm

announcement

Performance

Wi Fi / GPRS

Control Center

Commands to the bus

Workshop

Remote monitoring and diagnostic system for e-bus and charging stations

GPRS

Chariot e-bus is equipped with remote monitoring and diagnostic system that monitors:

energy consumption of all systems (electric, air conditioning, on-board electronics, etc.), and recuperation values;

state and errors of all systems (brakes, doors, suspension, GPS, etc.);

passenger load, speed, acceleration, location, driver behavior.

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Remote monitoring and diagnostic system for e-bus and charging stations

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The Belgrade’s Project

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UC e-buses operational characteristic

1 EKO line 5 E-buses in the operation

Total length of route [km]

driving time [min]

charging

time[min]

time of turnround

[min]

interval

[min]

Operational

daily shift

[hours]

offered capacity (places/

hour)

Outside operational temperature

16,4 34 5-10 88 17-18 18.5 289 -14C to 35C

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Consumption electricity per km on 2nd Sep 2016 (30 Co), AC-on

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10

8 7

1

0

2

4

6

8

10

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0.7-0.85 0.85-1 1-1.15 1.15-1.30 1.3-1.45

SA

MP

LE

kWh/km

Distribution of consumption electricity per kilometer Direction ''A'' Vukov spomenik- Belvil 2.9.2016

Terminal SOC % Terminal SOC % kWh/km

Belvil 97 Vuk 56 0.95

Vuk 97 Belvil 67 0.77


















Average 1.14

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Profitability of invested assets after

6 years of operation

Type of Bus

Chariot E-bus Diesel bus

Annual mileage (km) 80,000

Consumption of electric power (kWh/100 km) 106 -

Price of electric power ( Euro/kWh) 0.07 -

Consumption of diesel fuel (l / 100 km) - 44

Price of diesel fuel (Euro/l) - 1.17

Total cost of energy (Euro) 5,936 41184

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Total cost of ownership of Chariot e-Bus. Benchmark on the purchase of eight vehicles.

Total cost of ownership over 12 years operation of Chariot e-bus compared to other alternatives such diesel buses, CNG buses and trolleybus.

(trolleybuses require grid infrastructure)

(trolleybuses do not require grid infrastructure)

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Effects:

• Zero emissions by e-buses at the micro location

• Lower level emitted noise of 12-17 dB

• High energy efficiency, 80% lower, compared to diesel-powered buses.

• Unsurpassed availability of the UC e-bus fleet of 99,2%;

• Regular operation at -14 C degrees during the winter time

• Daily operation of the buses in Belgrade is from 5:00 am till 24:00 o’clock.

• Excellently accepted by the passengers

• City government is about to take a decision to turn the city center into

zero emission zone through electric public transportation,

decommissioning trolleybuses network and diesel buses with a main

focus on the electric buses.

• Based on the success of operation of the electric bus project the City

government is considering to opt on further implementation of electric

buses.

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The Graz Project (Austria)

Chariot e-bus was selected for 1 year trial

due to the UC compliance with 2 minutes

charging time criteria;

Delivery of 2 UC Chariot e-buses, 32kWh;

Start of operation in mid April 2017;

340 kW charging stations;

3-door city bus;

Charging time for covering the line is 3 min

ZF wheel hubs electromotors

Line 50 in Graz

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Satisfaction of the drivers

1 = excellent; 2 = very good, Average is 1.75

2,5

General bus

assessment

Doors Air

conditioni

ng /

ventilation

Handling Driver’s

seat Fan noise

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Survey of passengers, (excerpt)

Is it a personal contribution to the environmental

improvement when using an electric bus?

Question 6: For you personally, do you think that you are helping to improve the

environment if you drive an electric bus?

The absolute majority

believes that it helps to

improve the environment

when traveling with an

electric bus!

Total

male

female

Line 50

Yes No

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Survey of passengers (excerpt)

Are electric buses a future alternative for public transport?

Question 7: Do you think that electric buses are the future alternative to fuel-powered buses in public transport? Basis: 500, closed questionings

Total

male

female

Line 50

The younger, the more you

believe in electric buses as

an alternative

The electric buses seem to be the future for passengers

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Tel Aviv Project (Israel)

Delivery of 5 UC Chariot e-buses;

Start of operation on 15th Sep 2016;

UC e-buses are very well accepted by the operator, the passengers and the city government.

The line has a total length of 15 kilometers and a total of 32 bus-stops.

The line operates 14 hours per day;

Robustness of operation in the other temperature range in warm weather conditions typical for the middle east region.

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Tel Aviv Project (Israel)

The first year of operation of the 5 UC Chariot e-buses was considered as a big success by Tel Aviv municipality;

As a result another 21 UC e-buses were manufactured in 2017 and were put into operation in Tel Aviv in October 2017.

Government confirmed that will further support the implementation of the ultracapacitor electric buses through purchase of another 100 UCs ebuses in 2019

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La Spezia (Italy)

One UC e-bus will be operated by the bus & trolleybus operator ATC in La Spezia

Start of operation on March 2018;

1 fast charging station of 340 kW

16 km bus line

First electric bus in La Spezia;

Period Average speed

(Line 3) with

auxiliaries

Average

energy

consumption

verified by

Politecnico

Milan

Spring 11,3 Km/h 1,10 kWh/Km

Summer 11,5 Km/h 1,45 kWh/Km

Autumn 11,0 Km/h 1,15 kWh/Km

Winter

(simulation) (10,6 Km/h) (1, 61 kWh/Km)

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Thank you!

www.chariot-electricbus.com

[email protected]

operational experience of chariot ultra capacitor e-buses · tel aviv project (israel) delivery of...

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