on the coins of narbonensis with iberian inscriptions / by george f. hill

8/20/2019 On the coins of Narbonensis with Iberian inscriptions / by George F. Hill

1/59

NUMISMATIC NOTES

AND MONOGRAPHS

No.

44

ON THE COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

WITH IBERIAN INSCRIPTIONS

BY

GEORGE F. HILL

The

American Numismatic Society

Broadway at 156th Street

New York

1930

This content downloaded from 83.85.149.119 on Sat, 27 Feb 2016 18:12:01 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions


2/59


3/59

NUMISMATIC

NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS



4/59

Numismatic

otes and

Monographs

is devoted o

essays

nd treatisesn sub-

jects

elating

o

coins

apermoney

edals

and

decorations

nd

s uniform

ith

ispanic

Notes

and

Monographsublished y

the

Hispanic

Society

of

America

nd

with

Indian

Notes

and

Monographs

ssued

by

the

Museumof the Americanndian

Heye

oundation.

PublicationCommittee

Agnes

Baldwin

Brett

Chairman

W.

GedneyBeatty

Henry

Russell

Drowne

John

Reilly

Jr.

Editorial

Staff

Sydney

hilip

Noe

Editor

Howland

Wood

Associate

ditor



5/59

Copyright930

y

TheAmerican

umismaticociety

LANCASTERRESSNC.LANCASTERA.



6/59


7/59

ON

THE

COINS OF NARBONENSIS

WITH

IBERIAN

INSCRIPTIONS

BY

GEORGE

F.

HILL

The

American

umismaticociety

Broadwayt

156thtreet

New

ork

1930



8/59


9/59

ON

THE

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

WITH

IBERIAN

INSCRIPTIONS

My

excuse

for

takingup

this

difficult

ubject

mustbe

that the

author f

the

work

n

Spanish

coins

which,

we had

all

hoped,

would

place

before cholars

the

materialfor

forming

heir

conclusions,

as

drawnhis

frontier

t the

Pyre-

nees,

nd

ignored

he

whole

f the series

n

ques-

tion. The

archaeological

evidence

makes

it

abundantlylear hat heethnologicalrontier,t

the

period

with

which we

are

concerned,

was

north of

Narbonne,

perhaps

even

north

of

Béziers.

A

recent isit

o this

region

llowed

me

to

examine

certain

number f

ocal

collections

and obtain

nformation

hich

may

be

of

service

to

students;

lthough

cannot

pretend

o have

completely

olved

any

of the

problems,

t is

at

least

something

o be able to

state them

more

precisely.2

1

A.Vives

Escudero,

aMoneda

ispánica,adrid,

926.

2 have leasuren ecordingyndebtednesso herchaeo-

logists

f he ownshat

visited,

ho

ave

me

ccessothe

variousollections.

.

Jean

abelonnd

my

ther

olleagues

f

the

abinet

es

Médailles

tParis

ave,

s

usual,

een

enerous

n

providing

astsnd

nswering

nquiries,

t

Nimes,

.

Espéran-

dieu

llowed

e o

tudy

he ollection

n

he

Maisonarréend

most

indly

ntroducede o arioustherourcesf nformation.

M.Félix ourethowed

e he

emarkableesultsf

is

xcava-

tions

t

Ensérune,

ndwith

r.

avalié,

.

Cambonnd ther

1



10/59

2

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

We

have to deal with

three r four

eriesof

coins

which

certainly elong

to the district f

Narbonensis,incethey re alwaysfound here,

and

not

to the south

f the

Pyrenees.

NERO

The most

mportant

nd numerousfthe

eries

with

whichwe are

here concerned an

be with

certainty

ttributed o

the

people

who,

using

he

Iberian

lphabet,

nhabited

he ite f

Montlaurès,

a fewkilometreso the

N.W. of

Narbonne;

he

name

of

the Roman

foundation,

arbo

was cer-

tainlyderivedfrom hem.1The inscriptionn

Iberian

which

they

bear

is

to be

transcribed

neronc

neroncn

neroncen r

neronen

according

to

the

various

ways

in

which

t

is

written.2

members

f he

Archaeological

ociety

fBéziers

nabled

e o

study

he ollections

n

hat

ociety's

useumnd n he

Mus

eum

f he

own. bove

ll,

haveo hank

r.

Henri

ouzaud,

the

istinguished

itizen

f

Narbonne,

ho

uring

he

ast

uarter

of

century

as one

omuch

o hrow

ight

n he

ocal

rchae-

ology

nd,

hat

seven ore

mportant

if

nly

is

xample

ere

always

ollowed

),

o ndicate

heines

n

whichcientific

xplor-

ation

hould

e onducted.

1Hübner,on.ingu.ber.,ummio. , ivesnearlyom-pleteibliographyf arlierublications,owhichoweverhould

be dded:

uret-Chabouillet,

atal.

esmonn.

aul.

e

a

Bibl

Nat.,

os.

444^98;

lanchet,

raité

esmonn.

aul.,

.

276.

2

Thiss

not he

lace

o iscuss

he aluef

he arious

berian

letters.

adopt

he ransliteration

for he

berian

,

after

Gómez-Moreno

n

Homenaje

Menendezidal

ii

1925)

.

484.

Ás o he

ermination

n r

en,

t s

genitive

lural:

ee chuch-

ardt,

berische

eklination,

.

37.



11/59


12/59

4

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

have

collected n the site

during

onstant

isits

extending

ver 25

years,

are

very

significant.

The coins f llsorts romhe ite nhispossession

now

number

23

(reckoning

ragments

s

whole

coins).

Of these no less

than 128 are

of

the

Neronenses.

They

represent

ll

stages

f

develop-

ment

of this

coinage,

s

we

shall

describe hem

later

i.e.

the coinsof

better

tyle,

2;

thosewith

the

additional

nscription

uis

on the

obverse,

6;

and

those,

imilar

o

the coinsof better

tyle

n

type,

utof

degenerate

orkmanship,

1;

and the

smaller

denomination,

ith the

hippocamp, ).

No other lass of coins s representednanything

like the

same

numbers. Thus of

thecoinswhich

are

attributed elow to

Brigantio ?),

there

s

only

1;

of the

Lonģostaletae,

0;

of the coins

of

Kaiantolos

nd

Bitouioswith the

lion

(perhaps

also

a flan

not

struck),

7,

and

of the

quadrans

of

Kaiantolos with

the

boar,

3. There are

no

coins

f Betarra

Béziers).

Of

Massalia there re

31

bronze

oins;

wo ilver

rachms,

nd 13 obols

ranging

from the

early

period (types

of

the

Trésor

d'Auriol)

o the third

entury.

To these

mustbe added the obolssimilar o the

ordinary

ones

with

M

A

between he

spokes

of

a

wheel,

but

having

also a

stylised

bull's head on the

reverse

Pl.

VI,

1,

2):

of this

rarity

4 have been

1

Dr.

Rouzaud

as fine

pecimen

f his

oin,

oundt

Narbonne,

showing

hemark

f

alue

threeellets)

bove

he

oar

Pl.

V,

).



13/59


5

found

at

Montlaurès,

hough

2

are now lost.1

Imitations f Rhoda

and

drachms nd divisions

ofthemonnaie la croix in all 99.

Passing

over other oins found

n

small

num-

bers,2

note

that

only

one

specimen

and

that

halved)

of the

very

common sses of

Augustus

and

Agrippa

struck at Nemausus was found.

Of

the

Roman

Republican

oins,

there re

asses,

1

semis,

smaller

ivisions;

5^

denarii nd

3

quinarii.

Of

the

Imperial

bronze,

down

to

Marcus

Aurelius,

here re

only

4;

of the

Con-

stantinian

eriod,

. The Middle

Ages

nd

later

times

re

representedy

16

coins

nd

etons.In contrast,lthough ehas ived nd collected

so

long

at

Narbonne,

r.

Rouzaud has

only

one

coin

of the

Neronenses

ound n

that own.

Further

roof

s

not neededthat

the coins of

the

Neronenses

were struck

t Montlaurès.

It

is also

fairly

lear

that the

place

was

suppressed,

doubtless

s a

part

of the

general

olicy

of

the

Romans.

The

colony

f Narbo was

founded

n

118

B.C.;

if

Montlaurès

as

not

condemned

hen,

it

must

have been

ater,

when

n

71

B.C.,

after

1Theresonen he ibliothèqueationale,ne tMontpellier

(E.

Bonnet,

édaitter

e

a

Sociétérchêol.e

Montpellier

1896,

no.

9).

M. Bonnet

uggests

hat his

may

e

n

lliance-coin

between

assaliand

omether

lace,

nd r.

Rouzauds n-

clinedo

uggest

hat

his

lace

as

arbo,

r

ather

ts

redecessor

at

Montlaurès.

2

Of

ronze

oins

mported

rom

pain,

here

re

10

chiefly

asses)

f he

ndigetae

f

mporiae,

of

Osca,

of

he

lergetes

(.

ltrcescn

,

2 of

ese-Tarraco,

nd

uncertain.



14/59

6

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

the end of the Sertorian

War,

Pompeius

reor-

ganised

he ffairsf

Spain,

nd set

up

his

rophies

on thePyrenees.1

We

may

then

ake

71 B.C. as

the

erminus

nte

quem

or he

oinage

with

whichwe are

concerned.

When

did

t

begin?

The

style

f

thebetter

peci-

mens

uggests

ome

time

n

the first

alfof

the

second

century

B.C. The heaviest

recorded

specimen

that

in

the

British

Museum,

here

Pl.

I,

1)

weighs

0.68

grm.

Almost ll

the other

known

pecimens belong

o

a

lighter

lass,

being

1

The

atest

ottery

hich

r.Rouzaud

as ound

n

ny

uan-

tity

tMontlaurèss

heo-called

lack

trusco-Campanianare;and hearliesthichas eenoundn nyuantitytNarbonne

is of

he ame

ind.

hemakerulliuss

represented

t

both

places,

tMontlaurès

y

hemark

eading

VSIMACVS

VLLI

(no

ype),

t

Narbo

y

he

mark

eading

ICIN(I)VS

VLLI

(type,

yre

nd

lub).

ee

Oxé,

ur lteren

omenklaturer ömi-

schen

klaven

nRhein.

us., IX,

19Cļ4A

.

128,

or he

ames;

Mémoirese 'Acad.

e

Nimes,

878

187


15/59

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

7

what

Romanwould

all semuncial sses.

There

is

evidence,

nto

which neednotenter

ere,

hat

the heavier bronze coins of the Indigetaeof

Emporiae

weighing

rom

6.70

to

24.12

grm.)

were

n

circulation

n

the first alf

f the second

century.

The heavier

Neronensian

oins

prob-

ably represent

he same standard

n

a

slightly

degraded

form.

We

may

therefore

egard

our

coins

as

having

covered a

period

of about a

century,ay

from 75

to

71

B.C.

Dr.

Rouzaud

divides

is

eries romMontlaurès

into three eries:

(1)

Obv. Veiled femalehead.

In

front,

be-

rian etters ï1.

Rev. Bull

leaping

r.;

above,

wreath;below,

Iberian

nscription

eroncn.

(2)

Obv

Veiled

female

head;

in

front berian

inscription

uts.

Rev.

As

preceding.

(3)

Similar

o

first

roup,

ut of worse

tyle.

Combining

he

evidence f

Dr.

Rouzaud's col-

lection

with

oins

een

lsewhere,

would

propose

the

following

lassication

1. Obv. Veiled emale eadr. infront,berian

letters l

(or

eva).

Rev. Bull

leaping

r.;

above,

wreath;below,

Iberian

nscription

ieroncn.

Heavy

group:

recorded

weight,

20.68

grm.

British

Museum.

Pl.

I,

1.

1

According

o

Hubner's

ransliteration;

robably,owever,

his

Iberian

represents

he

yllable

a

as

Gómez-Moreno)

r a.



16/59

8

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

2.

Similar

types

and

inscriptions,

ut

double

letter

e

for

occasionally.

Lighter group: weightsrangingfrom 12.92

grm.

Paris

2451)

to 6.42

grm.

Paris

2465)

or,

n

imitationsuch s Paris

2481,

s

low

as 5.05

grm.

The

style

f

hese

teadily

egenerates.

Varieties

are shown

n

Pl.

I,

2-4,

from

aris,

the

Hague,

and the BritishMuseum.

3. Obv.

Same

type

and

letters,

ut

the

dress

of

the

busttreated

ery laborately.

Rev. Bull

and wreath s

usual,

but

nscription

neronceno.

Weights

rom 1.74

grm.

to 5.92

grm. B.M.).The fine pecimen rom heHague (Pl. I, 5)

shows

the

peculiar

treatment f the bust and

dress.1

The sixth letter of the

inscription

s

sometimes ead as an

e

but

t

is,

I

think,

nly

he

double

etter or

e

badlyplaced.

On

the etters

So

see

later,

n the

coinage

f Selo.

4.

Obv. Similar

o

group

.

Rev. Bull

and wreath

s

usual,

but

nscription

neronc

.

Berlin, 68, 1877,

Pl.

I,

6.

pu

.. .

This varietys veryrare. Thereare none at

Paris nor

n Dr.

Rouzaud's collection.

A

coin

n

the

collection f the Société

Archéologique

f

Béziers,

which

s said

to

read

pu(r?)pcn

n

the

exergue,

ppeared

to

me,

when saw

it,

to be

1

Mr.

obinson

ompares

he ncertainorth

fricanoinsn

Muller,ii,

.

177,

here

owever

he

ngraving

s

nadequate.



17/59

COINS

OF NARBONENSIS

9

quite

illegible.

Boudard

is

responsible

or the

reading trcn

he

interprets

he

second etter

s

/), based on threeincomplete oins; Zobel,on

the

few

nd bad

specimens

which he

examined,

noticed

a

gap

between

the second

and third

letters,

nd

suggested urpcn.

Consequently

e

associates hese

oins with hose of

the

Longos-

taletes

which

ertainly

ead

purp.

We

shall dis-

cuss

thesebelow.

5.

Obv. Veiled

bust

s

usual,

generally

f

very

careless

work;

n

front,

nscription

uts.

Rev. Bull

and

wreath

as

usual;

inscription

neroncen.

Weights:12.34 grm. Stockholm), nd 11.75

(Paris

2493)

down

to

6.60

(London).

The Stockholm

xample

Pl.

II,

1)

shows the

style

well;

he

British

Museum

xample

Pl.

II,

2)

shows

peculiar

orm fthe

e

sign.

The

reading

neroncencen

n

Paris2496

s

a freak. One

of

Dr.

Rouzaud's

pecimens

eems o

show he

l

or

eva)

characteristic

f the other

groups,

s

well

as

the

tuiš,

n the

obverse.

6.

Obv.

Male head

r.,

wearing

n

animal's

skin (?) head-dress;houlders raped; n front,

Iberian

etters cc.

Rev.

Winged hippocamp

r.; below,

inscrip-

tion

neroncen.

Weights:

7.35

grm.

(London)

to

4.51

grm.

(Paris 2447).

The

head

is

recognized

s

that

of Hercules

n



18/59

10

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

the

Paris

Catalogue,

nd a fine

pecimen

n Dr.

Rouzaud's collection

obv.

on

Pl.

II,

3)

makes

it certain hat thehead-dresss an animal's kin.

Yet

it

is

not

by any

means

n

ordinary

ion-skin

that

the head

wears;

the bands that

seem to

confine

t are neverfound

n

ordinary

eads

of

Hercules,

ordo the

ion'sforefeetomedown

o

be tied

under

the

chin. The

obversefrom he

British

Museum

here llustrated

Pl.

II,

4)

also

shows

the nostril

nd

eye

of the

animal,

and

what

appears

to

be

a

pointed

ar,

as of

a

dog

or

wolf;

a second

specimen

Pl.

II,

5)

shows the

Iberian

etters

n the obverse.

Theweight f the oins fthis astgrouphows

that

they

re to be

regarded

s

semisses,

f

the

others

re asses.

These

are all the

coinswhich an

with

ertainty

be

attributed

o the

predecessor

fRoman

Narbo.

As

to

the

meaning

f the

types,

we have no

certainty.

The veiled

head

has

been

called

Diana

by Delgado

and

Heiss;

but to

say

that t

s

derived

from he

head of Artemis

n the

silver

coins of

Massalia

is

absurd. At

Massalia she

is

not veiled, nd here she has no bowor quiver.

There s

nothing

o

be said forHiibner's

denti-

fication

s

Minerva,

r forBoudard's

description

of

t as

a helmeted

male head. It

is

equally

un-

warrantable

o

derivethe bull from he

bronze

coins

of

Massalia;

the

attitude

s

quite

different,

and

the

fact

hat

wreath

s

seen bove the

bull

t



19/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

11

Massalia

proves othing,

ince

hatwreath

s

only

one of

a number f

changing ymbols.

The bull

is doubtless f native berian nvention.As to

the

wreath,

e see t as a

standingccompaniment

of

the

Pegasus

on the coins f

Emporiae.

We do

not know

what t means

here;

ut the

engravers

of our

coinswere oubtless amiliar

ith he oins

of

Emporiae

a

specimen

rom he Museo

Arque-

ológico

n

Madrid

s

shown

n

Pl.

II,

6),

which ir-

culated

widely

n

Narbonensis,

nd

may

have

adopted

the

symbol

s a

convenient

pace-filler.

The

hippocamp

musthave been familiar o the

fishermenf the

coast;

the

engraver's ancy

has

supplied t withwings. It is possible hat the

common

ype

of the

quadrantes

f other berian

mints

uch

as

Cese-Tarraco,

which

s

generally

called

a

half-Pegasus, ay

be

a

half-hippocamp.

At

Emporiae,

on

one

variety

f

the

Indi

etan

bronze,

he

complete

ippocamp,

ingless,

ccurs

as

the

reverse

ype.

Another onnexion

ith

Emporiae

s

to be seen

in

the etters

ï

oreva

which

ppear

before

hehead

on the bverse

cf.

Pl.

II,

6).

The ame wo etters

occur n the sameposition n the bronze sses of

the

Indigetai;

nd

on one

variety,

ut

only

one,

they

are

accompanied y

what have been taken

to be

the Roman numerals

XV

(Delgado,

III,

Pl.

CXXXVI,

nos.

206,

207;

Catai.

Lorichs no.

1267).

As a matter

f

factthe

nterpretation

f

the

igns

s Roman

s

not

ertain;

he

V is

smaller



20/59

12

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

than

he

X,

and

is

connected

y

ts eft imb

with

the

right-handop

arm

of he

X,

so

that hewhole

looks like a monogram f some kind. The

Iberian etters

vs

or

lus

also

occur

n

company

with l

or eva

on another

oinof he

ndigetai,

nd

these

oo

havebeen aken

or

umerals. It is

ob-

vious

that

f

el

is

equated,

n the

strength

f

the

signs

XV

and

of

thefact

hat

EI in

Greek

would

have

the

ame

ignificance,

ith

5,

hen vs annot

be

a

numeral,

ince t also

is

found

ccompanying

el.

These letters

l,

apart

from he coins

of the

Indigetai

nd

Neronenses,

nd certain

ther

mall

groups f coinsof Narbonensis,o be discussed

below,

re

found lso on one

variety

f the as of

Saetabi.

This

can

hardly

be

a

case of mere

imitation,

ince

Saetabi

was so

far

removed

rom

Emporiae,

nd

the

styles

f the

coins

of the two

places

are

not

ike each other.1

Further,

ust

as

on

the

Neronension

oinswe

find l

on the

s,

and

ecc

n

the

emis,

o

tooat

Saetabi

we

find l

on one

variety

f the

as,

and cc

(if

the

signs

re

rightly

interpreted)

n

a semis.

But,

f

cc s the

mark f

denomination f the semis,how is it that at

Emporiae

it does not occur?

There,

on

one

series,

we find

i

on the

as,

e

on the

semis,

e

1

t s his hich

ulesut he

uggestion,

hich

ad ccurred

o

me,

hatx

the

atter

ign requently

arriesitht he owel

,

so hat e

might

ead

a)

n

bbreviation

n

berianettersf

he

Latin ame

{rnpor)ia;

p.

ho

s

an bbreviationf

o(ļsca)n

n

coinsf sca.



21/59

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

13

followed

y

a

horizontal ash

on the

quadrans,

and

s

on

the

sextans.

Until furthernformations available, it is

clear thatwe

must eave this

problem

ndecided.

SELO

The existence f

place

ofthis

name

s

attested

by

certain

oins

orresponding

o

the asses of

the

Neronenses. Their

style

s

distinctive,

o

that

there an

be

no

question

f their

eing

blundered

Neronensian

oins;

but

they

bear

the same

type

of

the veiled female

head,

accompanied

y

the

samémark i on thereverses thechargingull

accompanied y

a

wreath. But

the

nscription

s

clearly

Šeloncen. In

collections

nd

catalogues

they

re

usually

ound

urking

mong

oins fthe

Neronensians.1 he

specimen

from the

Vidal

Quadras

y

Ramon collection

s

illustratedn

PI.

Ill,

1;

the reverse f the Paris

specimen

n

PI.

Ill,

2.

On

the

analogy

of Neroncen-Nero

e

may

assume

Šeloncen-

elo.

But no such name has

come

down

n

literary

ecords.

The typesshowthat therewas a close con-

nexion

between

he two

places.

Therefore

t

is

i

Hübner

o.

2;

Heiss,

l.

LXV,

;

Delgado.

l.

CXCIV,

;

Muret-Chabouilletos.

468-9;

atai. idal

uadras

Ramon

no. 98.

I

owe cast f his

o

M.

Bourgey.)

.

Mouret

as

good

pecimen

ound

t

Ensérune;

heres nother

n

he ollection

of he

ociété

rchéologique

e

Béziers.



22/59

14 COINS

OF NARBONENSIS

not

unreasonable

o

suggest

that the letters

šo which

ccur

n the

exergue

f a certain

roup

ofcoins ftheNeronensiansre nabbreviationf

š(el)o.

Such

a method f

abbreviations

easily

paralleled

n Greek

inscriptions,

.g.

M M

for

I'G.,

XIV,

1829;

0KX for

O(eois)

k(


23/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

15

inscription

re

wanting.

The

first

ign

is

the

same

in

both,

lthough

Hübner

reproduces

t on

thePariscoin s a plain (whichhe transliterates

ï).

I

have

very

ittle

doubt

that

we

may

regard

the

whole

nscription

s

a barbarous

ttempt

t

neron.

It occurs

in almost

exactly

the

same

form

n

other

oins

at

Paris

(Nos.

2477,2481),

which

have the

usual obverse

f the

Neronenses.

There

is no

need

therefore,

ith Hübner

and

others,

o

put

these

coins

n a

special

category.

The obverse

s

evidently

nspired

y

the

Iberian

head

accompanied

y

dolphins

which

must

have

beenfamiliarn the

district

rom

oins

mportedfrom heother ideof thePyrenees.

Closely

allied to

the

last-mentioned

roup

s

another

Pl.

Ill,

4,

5)

which

hows

a semi-bar-

barous

mitation

f

the

berian

horseman

arrying

a

palm-branch

n

the

reverse,

n

combination

ith

the

ame two

obverses,

.e. the

veiled

female ead

with he

usual

mark ï

and

the

malehead

between

the

dolphins.1

The

dolphins,

t

is

true,

have

almost

entirely

isappeared,

ut

there re

slight

tracesof

them

n

at least

one

specimen.

These

coinsare representedn thecollectionst Paris,

Nimes

and

Béziers,

nd

are

never,

o

far as we

know,

found

n

Spain,

but

only

n

the

Narbon-

naise.

The

best

specimens

f

each

type

known

i

Boudard,

um.

bér.,

l.

XXIX,

1, 3,

4;

eiss,

l.

XVI,

.

Paris atal.

701-6.

übner

o.

0. Zobel

n

Mem. um.

sp.t

v,

pp.

19,

os.

3-25.

ujol,

pigr.

o. 96.



24/59

16

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

to

me

are

in

the Maison Carrée t

Nimes,

nd I

illustrate

hese from asts

which

owe to the

kindnessof M. Espérandieu. The inscription

below he

inete

was read NM

Y

by

Boudard

who

attributed he coins o

Nemausus),

A'M'V

by

the

Paris

cataloguers

who

point

ut the baselessness

of

Boudard's

attribution),

nd A-

MY

by

Zobel

and Hübner.

Hübner,

n

accordance

with his

practice

of

transliteratingverything,

owever

barbarous,

s

if

it were

good

Iberian,

gives

the

equivalent

of these

signs

as

Liu,

A

close ex-

amination

f

all

the available

pecimens

casts

of

two

from

Nimes

nd

six

from

aris ie beforeme

as I write) hows hat thereadings A7AYwith

possibly

faint troke

oining

he

seconddot to

the

top

of the next

troke. It

seems

lear

that,

according

o our

present

ights,

here

s

nothing

to

be

madeof the

broken-down

nscription;

can

make

no

suggestion

s

to

what berian

nscription

lies

at the

back of

t.

BRIGANTIO

Another

roup

losely

lliedto

the

sses

of

the

Neronensesomprisesoinswith heusualtypes

of

veiled

female head

(and

letters

ï)

on the

obverse,

nd bull

accompanied y

wreath

n the

reverse,

which however

bears

the

inscription

pricatio

r

pricantio,

There

s,

think,

o

doubt

about the

reading;

n

the British

Museum

peci-



25/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

17

men

llustrated

n

Pl.

III,

6,

all

the

etters

re

clear

except

he

ti,

and

that s

certain

rom

ther

specimens.1We maydismiss hereadingswhich

see

an o in

the

second

letter.

The

first

may

represent

ither

orb;

there

was,

s is

well

known,

no

special

sign

for

b in

Iberian.

Similarly

he

sign

used for a

may

lso

represent

a.

The

sign

following

as

almost

universally

een

read as i.

A

close xaminationf ll

the

pecimens

vailable

to

me shows

that

there s

hardly

he

slightest

foundation or

eading

t

as

anything

ut

n.2

It

is

of ourse

nly question

f

single

mall

troke,

which urns

n

n

into

n i.

The

sixth

etter

s

ti

(onGómez-Morenoystem;accordingoHübner

and

others).

The

final

etter

ppears

o

me

to be

o,

but others

ead

t

as

n.

Both

-atin

nd

-

ntin

are

possible

berian

erminations.

We thushave

the

possibility

f

Brigatio

r

Brigantio.

That

s

a

Celtic

name;

but t the ime

when

hese

oinswere

struck

2d-lst

cent.

B.C.),

Iberians

may

well

have

been

n

occupation

f

a

site

which

ormerly

belonged

o the Celts.

i

See

Boudard,

l.

XXIX,

os.

, ,

;

Heiss,

. 37,

l. XVI

1;

Delgado,ii, . 68,l. XCVRobert,umismatiquee anguedocp.516,l. V, 1-23;obelnMem.um.sp., ,p.26, os.9-

41;

Pujol, pigr.

os.

91a-fc;

aris

atal.

os.

499-2506;

.

Bonnet,

êdaillere

a Soc. rch,

e

Montpellier

1896,

. 16,

o.

184;

übner,

o.

1. One

reading

ricatio)

s

n

he

ollectionf

Dr.

Rouzaud

t

Narbonne,

oundt

Montlaurès;

nothern

he

collectionf he

oc.

rchéologique

e

Béziers.

2

Of he

Montpellier

pecimen,

hich

have

ot

een

ble o

ee,

M.

Bonnetrites

hat,

lthough

he

ifth

etter

ppears

o

be

,

he

annotffirm

hat

t snot

n

.



26/59

18

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

Of the other

nterpretations

e

may

mention

Hübner's

p(u)ricaitn;

which

s

rightly

ejected

by Schuchardt. The coinsare said to be fre-

quent

n

the

neighbourhood

f

Béziers,

which as

suggested, hrough

he

reading

ricitze

Heiss),

a

very

hazardous

quation

with ome

ncient orm

of the name of

that

place (which

appears

as

Brjrappa

Baeterrae

Besara

etc.;

see

Ihm

in

Pauly-Wissowa,

,

2762f.).

The two

forms,

with and

without

,

are an

illustration f

anousvara.

If

the

reading

is

insisted

on,

we

may

assume

alternative orms

as in

Brigetio-Bpiya'iTiovPtol.)

and

Bregentio-Brigantion the Danube.

If

we ook

for

place

ofthisname

n

the

region

withwhichwe

are

concerned,

e

mustrule out

the two

places

called

Brigantium

n

Galicia

(

Betanzos and

in

the

Cottian

Alps (Briançon);1

they

re

too

far

away.

I

mention, owever,

s

interesting

n

this

connexion,

he

name of the

vicus

Brugetia

which

was somewhere

n

the ter-

ritory

f

Nemausus.2

The

comparativelyood

style

of our

coins,

however,

uggests

n

origin

even nearerto Narbo than we can suppose

Brugetia

o

have

been.

It

is

worthy

f mention

merely

s

showing

hat

a nameof this

kindwas

possible

n

the

district.

1

ee

chuchardt,

bar.

ekl.,

.

41.

a

C.

.

L.,

XII,

362nd

.

346;

ow

n

he

Musée

apidaire

t

Nimes

Espérandieu,

e

Musée

apidaire

e

Nimes,

uideom-

maire,

924,. 19).



27/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

19

LONGOSTALETAE

This tribe s not mentioned y any literary

authority,

nd s known

nly

romts

coins,

which

are

inscribed

AOITOITAAHTUUN

r AOITOC

-

TAAHTUJN.1

oth

provenance

nd

style

ndicate

that

the

coins

were

struck

omewhere

n

the

neighbourhood

f

Narbonne nd

Béziers. Dr.

Rouzaud

possesses

no

less than

40

specimens

(including ragments)

ound

t

Montlaurès. The

chief

arieties re:

1. Obv. Head of

Hermes

.,

with

formal

urls,

wearing

winged

diadem

or

hat,

and

sometimes

torquewith nimalornament; ehind, aduceus.

Rev.

Tripod-lebes;

n

r.

and

1.,

variously

r-

ranged,

AOrrOITAAHTlüN(-nN)

r AOITOC

-

TAAHTUJN.

JE

Weights

rom 7.37to 7.18

grm.

Pl.

IV,

1-4.

2. Obv.

Similar,

ut

n

front

f

head,

BUÍKIOC

-

or

AOYKOPIKNOC orAOY

KOTIK

NOC

Rev.

Similar;

inscription

lways

AOITOC

-

TAAHTUJN

and

between

he first

art

of

the

inscription

nd the

tripod,

four berian

etters

purp.

JE

Weights

3.20

to 3.86

grm.

Pl.

IV,5-7.

The earlier

orm

f

sigma

with

played

rms)

is

found n

only

a

few

pecimens

f

the

former

1

Hübner

o.

b

nd

c

for

see

bove,.

7

ff.).

o

his ib-

liography

dd

Muret-Chabouilletos.

350-99;

. de

a

Tour,

AtlasPl.

VI;

G.AmardelnBull,

e a

Comm.

rch,

e

Narbonne

1893,

p.

28-54;

894,

p.

13-36;

895^

p.

49-64;

lanchet.

Traité

pp.

72-8.



28/59


29/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

21

legend,

n

just

the

sartie

way1

s

the

So

(which

may

as

we have

seen

stand

for

elo),

and as the

purp n thepresentoins reassociatedwith heir

main

legends.

Whether his

associationmeans

alliance

or subordination

t

is

not

possible

to

decide.

The

interpretation

f

purp this

transliteration

may

be

regarded

s

correct,

nd all

attempts

o

read

it

otherwise,

s

ptrp

r

btrp

in

connexion

with

Beterra

may

be

ignored)

s

quite

uncertain.

Of

course he

p

may

have been

b.

Any

onnex-

ion with

Perpignan

Saulcy,

Lenormant, obel,

Heiss)

is

ruled

out

by

the

fact that

Perpignandid not exist in antiquity.1 t has also been

suggested

hat

there

may

be

a

connexion

with

Pyrene.

This is

not

the

place

to

enquire

nto

the

question

f

the situation f

that

city,

which

was

in

Sordiceni

aespitis onfinio2

.e.

between

the

Sordi and

the

Ceretes. It

was,

as

Schulten

says,

the first

ort

of

Spain

approached

y

the

Massaliotes

before

they

founded

Rhoda and

specimen

howing

ore

han

he irst

wo

ettersr

ny

raceo

there

aving

een

longer

egend.

1PhiliponLesbèresp.184) ithis sualnaccuracyccusesHübnerf ranslatinguren yPerpinianumsansmêmee

demanderi

Perpignan

xistait

l'époque

ù

es

Longostalètes

battaient

onnaie."

übner

erely

uotes

he

opinion

f

Saulcy

nd obel.

He

himself

ays

autiously

nomen

ortasse

origine

ohaeret

um rbis

etustae

yrene

b

Avieno

ictaer.

marit..

558

s.

t

ummontibus

yrenaeis."

*

A

ienu

,

Ora

maritima

ed.

chulten,

ontes

isp.

nt.,,

1922),

.

568

nd

.

115.



30/59

22

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

Emporiae.

He

thinks

t

is

to be

sought

mong

the

promontories

f

the

Pyrenees

t

Cadaques

where heres notonly safeportbuta way nto

the

interior,

hich

s

lacking

o

the other

ports

on

this

coast. It

is

clear

enough

rom

Avienus

that

Pyrene

was

southof the

Pyrenees.

There-

fore

ny

attempt

o

identify

t with

Ensérune,

the

site

near

Béziers

rom he

cemetery

f

which

M.

Mouret

has

excavated

o

remarkable

collec-

tion

of

antiquities,

ncluding

mported

Greek

pottery

rom he

sixth

entury

ownwards,

ill

not bear examination.1 f

then there

be

a

con-

nexionbetween he

names

Pyrene

nd

Purpwhich eemsnot

very

ikely, incethe second

p

would remain

unexplained

there

is

still

no

probability

hat the

placei

f t is

a

place,

repre-

sented

y

purp

s

dentical

with

he

ity

f

Pyrene.

We do

not,

f

course,

now

whether

urp epre-

sents

a

place

or

something

lse. But

if

the

reading u{r)pcn

r

puren

ecorded rom

ertain

coins

of the Neronenses

n

private

ollections

s

correct,

hat must

be a

genitiveplural

of

an

ethnic,

f

the

familiar

orm.

Another

rgument

infavour f tsbeing place-name ould eforth-

coming

f

we could

be certain f

the oundness f

the

suggestion,

made

above,

that

the letters

o

i

See

.

Mouret,

es

nfluences

elléniques

t artessiennes

ur

e

Languedoc

éditerranéen

t e

Roussillon

ux

empsréhistoriques.

Bull.

oc.

rchéol.

e

éziers

1929),p.

1f.

2

ee

bove,

p.

-4.



31/59

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS 23

on other

coins of the

Neronenses

epresent

place

Selo.

What is the periodof this coinageof the

Longostaletes?

Here we have to take

into con-

sideration

he

definite

atum,

providedby

M.

Félix

Mouret,1

hat

the two coinsof the

Longo-

staletes obtained

by

him in

the

necropolis

f

Ensérune

werefound

n

two

vases,

figured

ne

of

them

n

PI.

18,

no.

2,

the other n

PI.

19,

no.

5,

of

his

publication.2

Now of these

vases

that on

PI.

18,

no.

2

(described

s

of the Attico-

aliot

style),

may

belong

o the third

entury;

ut that

on

PI.

19,

no.

5,

of

Campanian tyle,

s

earlier,and certainlys early s thefourthentury.?

Unless

we are to

suppose

hat he

raftsmanship

of

these bscure

eoples

f Narbonensis

as

much

in

advance

of

that

of theGreeks rom hom

hey

borrowed heir deas

of

coinage,

t

is

impossible

to date

any

of the coins of the

Longostaletes

before he

hird

entury

.C. It

is

notreasonable

to

date

them arlier

han,

for

nstance,

he third

century

oins f

Rhegium

with he

tripod

everse,

1

n

etter

ome

atedDec. 929.

2Corpusasorumntiquorum,rance,ase.,Collectionouret(Fouilles'Ensérune),aris,o ate ).

8

Prof.

.

D.

Beazley

rites:the

alyx-krater

V.

Mouret,

l.

19, ,

elongs

o heecondalf

f

he

ourth

entury.

t

s

Attic,

as

pointed

ut

nJ.H.

S.,1928,

.

127

..

:

it an

herefore

e

correlated

ith ttic

.f.

alyx-krater

for

hape:

he

.f.

alyx-

kraterof

his

hape-stage

re

n

the

ull

erch

tyle:

he

ull

Kerch

tyle

an edated

y

he ated anathenaic

mphorae.

PI.

18, ,

should

all

ery

ate ourth

r

arly

hird,

ut

m

ot

sure

owate

t

might

e

n

he

hird."



32/59

24


which their

own

reverse recalls. The bronze

coinsof

Massalia,

with he

tripod

n the

reverse,

fromwhich ome havethoughthetripod f the

Longostaletes

as

derived,

annot

reasonably

e

dated before

50.

The

coinsof the Celticrulers

Rigantikos,

Bitoukos,

Kaiantolos

seem to

be

moreor less

contemporary

ith

or even

earlier

than those

whichwe are

considering;

nd

a

coin

of

Agathocles,

f

his

last

period

304^289 B.C.),

was

actually

sed

s

the

blank or coin fKaian-

tolos.1

I

do not

press

he

rgument

hat he

title

ßa


33/59


25

the

Illyrian

king

Monunios,

who

s

supposed

o

have

reigned

bout

300

or 280

B.C.;

at Tarentum

in Evans's Eighth Period (272-235 B.C.) on

four ut of the

forty

arieties

f coins

belonging

to that

period;

n

the next

period

235-228)

on

five

ut of heten

varieties;

on

a

coinof

Seleucus

II of

Syria

(246-226

B.C.)

and

in

many

other

places

before the end of the

third

century.

Since the coins

of

Sicily

are

most

ikely,

fter

those of

Massalia

(the

dating

of which

s

very

uncertain),

o furnish vidence

bearing

n our

special point,

we

may

note that t occursfirst

at

Agrigentum

a. 241-210

B.C.;

at

Agyriumafter241 B.C.; at Syracuse fter212 B.C. It

is difficulto admit

that t could have found

ts

way

to Narbonensis efore he ast

quarter

f the

third

entury.

As

to theform f the

omega

the

form

o,

which

is usual

on these

oins,

s

late;

its

occurrence

n a

coin of Antiochus

I

(261-241

B.C.)

is

excep-

tionally arly.3

It is

not

found

n

Sicily

before

the

period

of Roman dominion

Entella,Solus).

M.

Blanchet,

he writer ho

has

most

ecently

consideredhe date of the coins n question, as

gone

very

horoughly

nto he

wholematter. He

holds,

like

most of those

who have

preceded

him,

hat hedate of he oins f

he

Longostaletes

1

Evans,

orsemen

f

arentum,

.

184 ote.

2

On he asis fGrose's

atalogue

f

he

McCleanreekoins

Vol.

.

*

Hill,

andbook

p.

2 4.



34/59

26

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

is bound

up

with

that of the coins

bearing

he

names of the

kings

Bitovios

Bitoukos) Pl.

V,

5,6), AmytosPl. V,3), KaiantolosPl. V, 1,2,4)

and

Rigantikos

Pl.

V,

7).

F.

de

Saulcy,

Ch.

Robert,

nd Amardelhave all

attributed hese

regal

coins to Narbo. The

types

re similar o

those of

the coins

bearing

he

name

of

Béziers

(BHTAPPATIC), although

the latter show

à

hand

n

front

f the buston the

obverse,

nd

are

of

a

very degenerate

tyle

(Pl.

IV,

8;

in

the

British

Museum,

presented

y

Dr.

Rouzaud);

and

the

coinsthemselves

re common

n

the col-

lections f Narbonne

nd Béziers.

M. Blanchet

proceeds o thedating f thesevarious roups f

coins

s

follows:

He

starts

with the admission

of Robert's

suggestion

hat

the

quadrantes

of

Kaiantolos,

with boar on

the

reverse

Pl.

V,

4),

are

copied

from

coinof

Phintias f

Agrigentum

287-279).

This seems to

me

unnecessary.

s

it

necessary,

for

nstance,

o

explain

he boar on the

coins

ot

Avenio

by

referenceo

Phintias?

A

great

deal

too

much

has been

made

of

the

filiationf

quite

ordinaryypes, uch as bullsand boars,which

could

hardly

e

represented

therwise

han

they

are.

If the

representations

oincide

xactly,

we

are told that

one

is

copied

from

nother.

If,

as

in the case of the

bull with

wreath bove

t at

Massalia

and on

the coinsof

the

Neronenses,

he

attitudes

differ

ltogether,

e

are told

that

it



35/59


27

does not matter.1 Gibbon's

emark,

hat

11

much

learned

rifling ight

e

spared,

f

our

antiqua-

rians would condescend o reflecthat similar

manners

will

naturally

e

producedby

similar

situations,"

may

with

profit

be

applied

to

archaeology

n

general.

However,

we

may

dmit

without

further

uestion

that the coins of

Kaiantolos

Pl.

V,

1, 2,

4)

are ater hanthose f

Phintias.

They

have the

four-leggedigma,

ike

the

earliest oinsof the

Longostaletes.

The lion

of

all

the

coins of the

kings

oncerned,

nd of

Beterra,

may,

M.

Blanchet

ays,

wellbe imitated

from oins of

Syracuse

ttributed

o

Agathocles(317-289). The type fthetripod ftheLongo-

staletes

may

comefrom ronzes f

Agrigentum

r

of

Massalia;

but he finds hat the

style

of the

bronzes f

Massalia

with

he

tripod

s

inferior

o

that

of the earliest

ronzes f the

Longostaletes.

We

must

go

to

Sicily,

he

thinks,

or he

origin

f

this,

s of the

butting

ull,

whichhe holds was

borrowed

by

Massalia from

Sicily

about the

middle

fthethird

entury.

Thus t

follows hat

the

types

f the

Longostaletes

nd

of the

Gaulish

kingsKaiantolos, tc., musthave been adopted

successively

n

the course

f the third

entury.

1

Blanchet,

.

276,

ote

. I

may

otehat

f

n

rigin

swanted

forhe

eronensian

ype

t

hould

e

ought

n

heberian

eries,

at

Emporiae,

herehe

ull nd

wreath

ccurs

regular

ypes

f

certain

emisses,

nd

wherehe reath

s.

he onstant

ccompani-

mentf

he

egasus

f he

sses,

ot,

s

t

Massalia,

erely

ne f

a

numberf

hanging

ymbolsPl.

I,

6).



36/59


37/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

29

Longostaletes

Kaiantolos

without

ersonal

names

A

my

os

Longostaletes

ßitoukos

Neronenses-ļ

Bokios

nd 1

Bitovios

Loukotiknos)

ļ

Rigantikos

The coins

of

Beterra,

which re often

ery

de-

generate,

might

be added at the

bottom

f

the

third

olumn.

If

we

accept

the date of ca.

70

B.C.

for

the

suppression

f the

oppidum

f the

Neronenses

t

Montlaurès,we may take it that their oinage

stopped

hen,

while he

other

oinages

with

which

we

are

concerned

ad

already

come

to

an

end

some

timebefore.

Considered

y

itself,

his

complex

f

coinages

might

well

seem to

be dated

between

bout

250

and

70 B.C.

But it cannot

be considered

part

from

he Iberian

coinage

with

which

t

is

mani-

festly

onnected.

One

has

only

to

compare

he

male

head

on the obverse

f the

coins

of

Kaian-

tolos withthat on Iberiancoinssuch as those

struck

t

Cese-Tarraco

Pl.

IV,

9)

to

see

that

one

is

a

copy

f he

ther;

or

an there

e

much

oubt

which

s

the

original

nd

which

he

copy.

The

Iberian

type

of

curly-haired

ead is

so

char-

acteristic

hat

we cannot

uppose

t

to

have

been

independently

nvented

n

Gaul;

the

Gibbonian



38/59

30 COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

maxim

uoted

above does

not

apply

here. Nor

can it ever be

admitted hat

the

type

which

spreadhomogeneouslyvera vast area in Spain

was

copied

from

oins of a small

ssue made

by

obscure

eguli

n

Narbonese

Gaul.

Thereforehe

coins of Kaiantolos are

not earlier

than the

earliest

berian oins

with hefamiliar

ype

fthe

curly-haired

alehead and

the

horseman everse.

There

s a

general

greement

hat thesedate at

the earliest rom

bout

218

B.C. We are there-

fore

forced o

bring

he

origin

f the

coinage

of

Narbonensis own

by

at

least

fifty ears.

I

confess

hat,

s

far s

style

s

concerned,

his

laterdate is quite agreeable. It was generally

to

the

"

second-first

entury

that,

n

beginning

the

study

of these

coinages,

was

inclined

o

date

them,

on

grounds

of

style,

and

on

the

assumption

hat

they

followednstead f ed the

development

n

matters

f

coinage,

when com-

pared

with theirnearest

neighboursmong

the

Greeks. That was before

I

looked for

any

points

hat

might

e

fixed

y

external vidence.

Dr.

Rouzaud's work t Montlaurès

as furnished

a terminusntequemfor ne series, t anyrate,

which

ives

us no

difficulty.

M.

Mouret's

atumt

on

the

other

hand,

s

by

no

means

so

easy

to

digest.

How

long

was the

cemetery

t

Ensérune

in

Use?

Is it

likely

hat

many

fine ases

would

have

been

preserved

or

more than

a

century

before

hey

were

used

for burial?

Considering



39/59


31

how

commonly ragile orcelain

s

treasured

y

us

for

longerperiod

han

that,

we can

surely

admit hat he nhabitantsf Ensérune ept heir

fineGreek

vases,

of

solid

construction,

or ne or

even two

hundred

ears,

nd

did not use them s

ossuaries

s

soon

as

they

were

mported.

Until

M.

Mouret's

xcavation-notesre

properly

ub-

lished

forthe

fascicule

f

the

Corpus

Vasorum

is

quite

nadequate

s an

account

f

the

groups

n

which

ottery

nd

other

bjects

werefound

we

shall

not

be able

to estimate

he value of

his

dis-

coveries

s

evidence or

he

dating

of the coins.

The

assumption

hatthe coins

belong

o

thedate

of theoriginor evenof the mportation)f the

vases

in

which

they

were

stated to

have

been

found eads us

into

difficultieso

grave

from

numismatic

oint

of view

that we are boundto

reject

t.

Coins of

Sicily

nd

Southern

taly

found

heir

way

n

quantities

nto

Spain

and

Southern

aul.

It has been

thought

hat the Iberian bronze

coinage

with he

curly-haired

ead and the

inete

was

suggested

y

the

pearman

oins

f Hiero

I;

and we have alreadymentionedarious heories

as to

the

Drototypes

f

the

coinages

f Southern

Gaul.

This

constant

earch or

rototypes,

hich

allows

nothing

o

the

originality

f

Spaniard

or

Gaul,has,

s

we

have

hinted,

eenmuch

verdone.

Still the

general

ffect f

the nflux

f

quantities

of

foreign

oins

may

be

admitted. It

might

t



40/59

32

COINS

OF NARBONENSIS

least

suggest

he dea of

a

coinage

f their wn

to

the nhabitants.

Imitative

oinages

n

barbarous

or semi-barbarousountries o not s a rulebegin

until he

supply

f

mported

oins

begins

o

fail.

At least we

must

llow the

mported

oins

long

circulation efore he

necessity

f

supplementing

them

by

a

native

coinage begins

to be

felt.

Therefore,

hether e

admitthat the

peoples

f

Narbonensis

ctually

opied

foreign

oins,

r

got

from

hem

merely

he dea of a

coinage

f

their

own,

whose

types

occasionally

eflected

oreign

models,

we

may reasonably

ay

that

the native

coinage

was

two or three

enerations

ehind hat

whichnspiredt. Andthus he end of the third

century

r

beginning

f

the second

seems

the

most

uitable

ate for he

beginning

f

the

bronze

coinage

n

Narbonensis.

Where

were hecoins ftheCelticrulerswith-

out

tribal

or

place-name,

nd

the coins of the

Longostaletes,

truck?

Amardel has

collected

statistics

f the local

frequency

f these coins.

They

lead

him

to the conclusion hat Narbo was

the

place

where ll the

coins,

hose f the

Longo-

staletes, hoseof the Celticchiefs f theVolcae,

and

those

with

purely

berian

nscriptions

i.e.

the

Neronensian),

ere truck.

Narbo,

e

thinks,

may,

ike

Emporiae,

have

comprised

wo

cities,

that

of

the

Longostaletes,

hich

was

the older

and

has

disappeared,

nd that of the

Volcae,

which

was

superseded

by

the Roman

colony.



41/59

COINS

OF NARBONENSIS 33

The

coinage

of the

Longostaletes

erhaps

egan

before hatof

the chiefs f the

Volcae,

nd

lasted

to the beginning f the Roman domination.

The

purely

berian

coins succeeded

hoseof the

Volcae.

"

The

language

of

the Iberians

had

superseded

Greek

in

all

the

country.

The

appearance

f

an

Iberian

egend

n

the coins

of

the

Longostaletes,

hichbefore

hen had

been

purely

Greek

n

spite

of the

origin

f

that

people,

proves

this. The

foreign

lementshad

been

absorbed

everywhere,

he

ancient

nationality

reappeared,

he Iberian

race remained

redomi-

nant. The barbarous

tyle

of the

last coins

of

theGaulish hiefs,f the ast coins fRiganticos,

bears

witness to the decline

of the

Hellenic

civilisation

nd

the decadence

of the

Volcae.

The Iberianshad

regained

heir

redominance."

The

passage

ust quoted expresses

dmirably

what seems to

have

been the course

of

events,

but

t

is

hardly ossible

o

accept

the

attribution

of

all

three

eries

of coins to one and

the

same

mint. The discoveries f

Dr.

Rouzaud

eave no

doubt

as

to

the

locality

of

the

mint

of the

Neronenses.The filiationfthetypes fBeterra

with

those

of the Gaulish chiefs ffords

pre-

sumption

hat Beterra

was the mint f

the

atter.

Amardel inds hat

his

tatistics are

against

uch

an attribution.Let

us see what

they

come to:

1

Bull. omm.

rch,e

Narbonne,

895,

p.

63-4.

*

Bull,

ela

omm.

rch,

e

Narbonne

892-3

p.

44

f.



42/59

34

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

ti

^

Ü

^

tj j

®

41

.o

>>

c tí-C tí

í

,

III IsS 1 5 "g

JfcS

M^SM-g««

dB

U

2

S

U O

tf

Longostaletes

7

5

10 21

3

-

Gaulish

hiefs

5 3

3 21 8

3

Nero

18

14

14

56 34

12

Beterra

-

-

-

10 6

1

Compressing

he

six

columnsntotwo we

have

Narbonne

Béziers

Collections

Collections

Longostaletes 22 24Gaulishhiefs 11 32

Neronenses 46 102

Beterra

0 17

These detailswould

require

ome modification

now;

in

fact I

found

4

coins of Beterra

n

the

collection

of the Société archéol. de Béziers.

The

12

coinsof the Neronenses

n

the

same col-

lection

ncluded

ne

of

Selo.

There s

also one of

Brigantio.

The

preponderance

f the coins

of the Nero-

nenses s moremarked t Béziers han at Nar-

bonne;

yet,

in

view of the facts revealed

by

Montlaurès,

e

should

not be

justified

n

attrib-

uting

hem o Béziers. The statisticseem o me

to show no case forNarbo as

against

Beterra

s

themint f thecoins f

the

Longostaletes

nd the



43/59

COINS OF

NARBONENSIS

35

Gaulish chiefs.1

The fact

s,

the

statistics

ol-

lected

by

Amardel

re on too

small

scale to

be

of service;theyare not comparablewith the

observations

f Rouzaud. One

thing

s

clear,

and that

s

that the

coinsof the

Neronenses

re

generally

istributed,

nd must

have

circulated

widely,

t Béziers

s well

s at Montlaurès.

But

they

were

produced

t

the

latter

place.

If

we

went

merelyby

Amardel's

figures,

we should

assumethat

not

onlythey,

ut

also

the

coinsof

the two other

groups,

were

produced

t

Béziers.

Now

add

Dr.

Rouzaud's

figures

o

those

of the

Narbonne ollections: Narbonne

Collections

B&iws

and

Montlaurès

Collections

Longostaletes

62

24

Gaulish

hiefs 41

32

Neronenses

174

102

Beterra

-

17

I.e.,

in

the Narbonne

nd

Montlaurès

ollections

together,

9.2

of

the

oins

are

fthe

Longostaletes

as

compared

with100

of those

f

the

Neronenses;

at

Béziers the

proportion

s

53.9

to 100.

Andthat after 25 years of intensive

ollecting

t

Montlaurès,

here he

provenance

f

every

oin

1

ome

trange

hings

ay

e

done

ith

tatistics.

mardel

says

hatromhe

ichness

f

rivate

ollectionst

Béziers

e

must

not onclude

hatll hese

oinsre

ommoner

here

han

t

Nar-

bonne*,

his ichness

erely

roves

he

ndefatigable

eal f

he

collectors.nd

oon.



44/59

36

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

is

certain,

whereas

the

indefatigable

ollectors

of Béziers

oubtless

ccumulated

oinsnot found

in their wnparish.

The

mint

f the

Longostaletes

nd ofthe

Gaul-

ish

chiefs

musttherefore

orthe

present

emain

uncertain.

Excavation

may

at

any

time

reveal

it.

As to the

dates

of the

coins,

we

may

accept

M.

Blanchet's

rrangement

f the

groups

rela-

tively

to

each

other,

placing

the

beginning

f

the

oinage

fthe

Longostaletes

nd

of

Kaiantolos

at

the

very

ndof

the

hird

entury,

nd

bringing

the

latest coins

of the

Neronenses

to

whichwe

may

add

thoseof

Selo

and

Brigantio

s well

as

Beterra) ownto about70 B.C.

Whether

Nero

had a

coinage

arlier

han

that

represented

y

the

bronze

oins

with ts name

s

a

question

hat

has to

be considered

n

the

ight

of

Dr. Rouzaud's

suggestion

bout the

silver

obols

of

Massaliote

types.

It

is

certainly

e-

markable

hat of

these

extremely

are

coins,

of

which

nly

16

are

known,

4

were

ound

t Mont-

laurès.

One

of the

atter

s illustrated

n Pl.

VI,

2;

the

specimen

n

the

Bibliothèque

ationale

n

Pl. VI, 1. I shouldregard hemnotas alliance

coins with

Massalia

alliances

of this

sort

were

probably

much ess

common

han

t

has

been

the

fashion

o

suppose

but

as mere

mitations.

The

stylised

ull's

head

which

distinguishes

hese

coins

represents

he

animal

whose

complete

figure ppears

on

the

ater

bronze.

These obols



45/59

COINS

OF NARBONENSIS

37

correspond,

n

their

way,

to

the

imitations f

Massaliote

bols

ssued t Ilerda.

1

SILVER

COINS

It

remains

o

mention

few ilver

oins,

which

were

certainly

truck

n

Gaul,

but bear Iberian

inscriptions.

1. The

small silvercoins with

the head

of

a

nymph

n the

obverse,

ev.wheelor cross

de-

rived from

Rhoda).

The

inscription

n

the

reverse

ppears

to

be

^


46/59

38

COINS

OF NARBONENSIS

of

the

common

monnaies la croix

generally

attributed o

the

Volcae

Tectosages.

2. Another ilvercoin also derivedfrom he

Rhoda

types

s in

the

Paris Cabinet

Pl.

VI,

4).

It has

the

head of the

nymph

o

r.,

on the rev.

cross cantonned

with

globules

nd

letters

which

have been

read

.*

The

connexion

with

the coins

ust

described

s

obvious. Its

prove-

nance is

not

known.

Hübner,

reading untga

compares

he

beginning

fthe

berian orm fthe

name

f

the

ndigetai.

Heiss's

guess

t

Agde

nd

other

uggestions

ecorded

n

Muret-Chabouillet

have

no

plausibility.3. The

unique

silver oinin the BritishMu-

seum

(Pl.

VI,

7).

Obv. Head of

Roma r.

in

winged

elmet; ehind,

.

Rev. Dioscuri

iding

r.;

below,

berian nscr.

ece. 2.62

grm.2

The

inscription

ece has

been connected

by

Zobel

withthe

Iacetani;

but

laca

is

well

repre-

sented

by

a

quite

differentlass of

pure

berian

coins,

nd

style

nd

weight oint

o some

place

north

fthe

Pyrenees.

Nordoesthere eem o

be

any

reasonfor

onnecting

t,

as

Pujol

does,

with

the purelyIberian coins reading eso. Vives

describes

t

as a Gaulish

mitation

n

which

re

mingled

Roman and

Spanish

elements.

The

1

Hübnero.

Sg,

with

ibliography,

o

whichdd Muret-

Chabouillet

558;

tlas,

l.

X;

Blanchet,

raité

p.

283.

2

Fromr.Nott

Sale,

842. obel

Mem.

um.

sp.,V),

.

0,

no.

,

nd

.

221.

Pujol,pigr.

o.

12

nd

.

343. Hübnero.

15c.

Vives,rol.,

.

xlix.



47/59

COINS

OF

NARBONENSIS

39

lettering

s

perfectly

ood,

and was done

by

someonewho understood

berian,

not

by

a mere

Gaulish mitator. The types re mitated rom

Roman

denarius

fthe econd

entury

.C.

The

weight

owever

s

that of

the Massalian victori-

atus of

the same

period.

The

reading

f the

nscription

n an imitation

of a

Massalian

coin,

as

gïrekï

Hübner

15e),

libeci

on the coins of narbonensis with iberian inscriptions / by george f. hill

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