October 2005

Saccharomyces cerevisiae bio-active cell

European patent (n.0111202)

European patent (n.98116181.3)

AN INACTIVATED SACCHAROMICES CEREVISAE

(SC)

PRODUCED BY A PATENTED PROCESS TO PRESERVE NUTRITIONAL CONTENT

USE OF YEAST IN RUMINANTS

• 40S: first research in

USA• 50s-60s:

researches on SC show

growth effects of +6% with 8 gr/head/day

USE OF YEAST IN RUMINANTS

PUBLISHED STUDIES: 2 BEFORE 1980 41 BETWEEN 1980-1990 150 FROM 1990 TO DATE

In USA dairy cows using SC move from 19% in 90s from 51% to day

DOXAL starts

researching and manufacturing SC

1975

• Dead or alive cells?

Two main questions:

• Why Saccharomyces Cerevisiae?

Piva et al (1984) SC increase fiber digestion in rumen

Dawson(1990)Williams(1991) Girard(1996):SC stimulates Megasphaera Elsdenii

Federique Chacheyras-Durand INRA (1995): SC stimulates Megasphaera Elsdenii

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

Chacheyras(1995): SC increases cellulosolytic fungi

Feedstuffs n.24(10-6-96) SC inactivates mycotoxins in rumen

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

Erasmus(1992)-Dawson(1990) Megasphaera Elsdenii and Selenomonas Ruminantium are

stimulated by peptides of SC

Nisbet-Martin(1991):Selenomonas ruminantium is stimulated by malic

acid of SC

Wallace(1991):SC increase dry matter intake

Explanations involving compounds contained INSIDE the cell:

Dead or Alive•Calleway-Martin(1997) :vitamins, aminoacids,organic acids

•Nisbet-Martin((1991) : malic acid

•Dawson(1990)-Girard(1996) short chain peptides

•INF. ZOOTEC(1995)many authors:increase of Ruminococcus albus by short chain peptides.

•Cevolani –Pepe(2001)Vit b,glutamic acid,glutathion,nucleotides,nucleosides,

•Erasmus(2002):short chain peptides

Explanations to support live yeast

• Newbold(1996)• Wallace (1998)

SC increases O2 consumption

in rumen?

VanSoest - Nutritional Ecology of Ruminants

Fantuz (1999)

Ilkyu Yoon Feed International (2003)

University of Turin:propionic acid at 0,5% toxic for SC (in rumen 4%)

WHY THIS LAST

EXPLANATION IS FALSE?

SC cannot survive in rumen:

In 1995 University of Piacenza (PIVA) made a trial in vitro with Yea –sacch (ALL-TECH) where it proved to be effective in stimulating Megasphaera Elsdenii.

The in vitro medium was completely anaerobe

How should be the ideal yeast for

ruminants?

BIO-ACTIVE BUT NOT ALIVE

•It has to keep its content intact until it reaches the rumen.

•It should not have any activity that delays the release of this substances in rumen.

•The cell wall must be degradable in the rumen

•It must have a high number of cells per gram of product

BIO-ACTIVE BUT NOT ALIVE

Why THEPAX ® is

the ideal yeast?

• 30 years experience

• 2 European Patents (n.0111202)

• Bio-active but not alive

• It is the best strain for rumen enviroment

• High number of cells per gr of product (30 x 109)

THEPAX ® cells viewed at electron microscope

WHY ADMINISTERING LIVE SC WHEN IT DOES NOT SURVIVE

IN THE RUMEN?

BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ABLE

TO “KILL” THE CELL WITHOUT DESTROYING IT

THEPAX ®

in ruminants

UNIVERSITY OF PIACENZA- ITALY

IN VITRO: rumen content from fasting heifers containing 250ppm Thepax

Control ThepaxVFA 119mg/

100ml150 mg/100 ml

UNIVERSITY OF PIACENZA- ITALY

IN VIVO:fistulated heifers, fed Thepax 10g/head

Control Thepax

Acetic Acid (mMol%) 57 69

pH 6.69 6.89

Butyric Acid (mMol%)

9.05 14.71

(Piva et All., Microbial.Alim. Nutr.1991)

COMPARATIVE TEST ON 40 FIRST-LACTATION COWS (South France, 2003),BETWEEN LIVE YEAST VS

THEPAX

TESTCONTROL

LIVE YEAST (lb)

THEPAX(lb)

DIFFERENCE(lb)

P. VALUE

PRE-TEST WEIGHTS

75.6 76.3 0.7 0.583

WEEK 1 62.1 69.9 7.8 0.001

WEEK 2 72.7 74.4 1.7 0.560

WEEK 3 65.6 70.1 4.5 0.115

WEEK 4 64.3 71.1 6.8 0.020

WEEK 5 61.7 69.1 7.4 0.005

Avg. test weights

65.3 70.9 5.6 0.021

POST TEST WEIGHTS

64.3 66.7 2.4 0.530

MEGASPHAERA ELSDENII

0

2

4

6

8

10

L-lactate consumed Acetate Propionate

mM

M.elsdenii M.elsdenii + Thepax

BACTERIAL METABOLITES

*

**

**

**

5

5,2

5,4

5,6

5,8

6

6,2

6,4

6,6

6,8

HAY HAY+BARLEY

CONTROL

THEPAX The pH drop induced by concentrate feeding is somewhat reduced by feeding THEPAX©

4,80

5,00

5,20

5,40

5,60

5,80

6,00

6,20

6,40

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Thepax

Control

feeding Hours after feeding

pH

THEPAX© stabilises the daily variation in rumen pH.

•Tartari-Benatti -University of Turin

•Bullocks from 336 to 430 kg

Control Thepax3gr Thepax 6gr Avilamycin340mg

839 918 986 958

Daily Gain (gr)

Mr Busso Marco Farm

Cavour(Torino) Italy

Trial : March ,27th,1995

Breed used in the trial

Blonde d’Aquitaine

Results of the trial:

ControlInitial weight:377kgFinal weight:462,7kgAdg : 1,948kgIntake: 8,99 kg DM

THEPAX ® 10gr

Initial weight:395kgFinal weight:

484,7kgAdg : 2,040kgIntake:9,50 kg DM

(feed and hay given ad libitum)

Feed composition:

• Hay ad libitum• Feed composition:

Corn 63 %Wheat bran 20 %Soyabean meal 12 %Doxal premix 3 %Calcium soap 2 %

Trial on fattening lambs :

54 lambs from 4.5 to 38 kg

ADG (gr):

Control : 343

Thepax : 359 (400g/ton)

Feed Consumption:

Control : kg 100.7

Thepax : kg 104.6

Licee’ de Saint Affrique-GuitardFeb. 2005