o ak r idge n ational laboratory u.s. department of energy acquisition and control benjamin l. welch...
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Acquisition and ControlAcquisition and Control
Benjamin L. WelchBenjamin L. WelchThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Newport News, VANewport News, VA
Stan Majewski, Vladimir Popov, Mark Smith, Tim Tran, Stan Majewski, Vladimir Popov, Mark Smith, Tim Tran, Andrew G. Weisenberger, Randy WojcikAndrew G. Weisenberger, Randy Wojcik
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News, VANewport News, VA
Justin Baba, Shaun S. Gleason, John S. Goddard, Mike J. Justin Baba, Shaun S. Gleason, John S. Goddard, Mike J. PaulusPaulus
Oak Ridge National Accelerator FacilityOak Ridge National Accelerator FacilityOak Ridge, TennesseeOak Ridge, Tennessee
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
MotivationMotivation
To Produce a SPECT/IR Animal Imaging System for Restraint-Free To Produce a SPECT/IR Animal Imaging System for Restraint-Free Small Animal ImagingSmall Animal Imaging
IssuesIssues• • Gamma Cameras with event rates from 100 Hz to 1 kHz (1 – 10 Gamma Cameras with event rates from 100 Hz to 1 kHz (1 – 10 msec)msec)
• • IR Imaging System –Pose Measurement System with acquisition IR Imaging System –Pose Measurement System with acquisition rates from 1 to 10 Hz (100 – 1000 msec)rates from 1 to 10 Hz (100 – 1000 msec)
• • Gantry System with imaging times of 0.01 to 0.001 Hz (10 – 100 Gantry System with imaging times of 0.01 to 0.001 Hz (10 – 100 x10x1033 msec) msec)
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Solution
System Clock - 24-bit counter incrementing every 10 msecSystem Clock - 24-bit counter incrementing every 10 msec
Read by Gantry System to determine acquisition timeRead by Gantry System to determine acquisition timeRead by IR Imaging System to determine imaging timeRead by IR Imaging System to determine imaging timeRead by Gamma Camera to determine gamma event timeRead by Gamma Camera to determine gamma event time
Millisecond Clock – Timing event produced every 1 msecMillisecond Clock – Timing event produced every 1 msec
Produces Event in Gamma CameraProduces Event in Gamma CameraImbedded in Gamma Event dataImbedded in Gamma Event dataAllows marking events to 1 millisecondAllows marking events to 1 millisecondCombined with System clock when data is storedCombined with System clock when data is stored
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
System CommunicationsSystem Communications
Master 24-Master 24-Bit ClockBit Clock
Gamma-Gamma-Ray Ray
CamerasCameras
PCI - ADC PCI - ADC BoardsBoards
Gamma Gamma Camera PCCamera PC
Gantry Gantry MotorsMotors
Gantry Gantry Motor Motor
ControlControlGantry PCGantry PC
IR IR Tracking Tracking CamerasCameras
Position Position Tracking Tracking SystemSystem
Position Position Tracking Tracking
PCPC
NNe e ttwwororkk
1-Msec 1-Msec ClockClock
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Gamma CameraGamma Camera Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT) ArrayPosition Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT) Array
Each PMT has 6x6 crossed wire outputs Each PMT has 6x6 crossed wire outputs - 192 X by 192 Y outputs.- 192 X by 192 Y outputs.
Columns (8) and rows (4) combined Columns (8) and rows (4) combined - 24 X by 48 Y outputs.- 24 X by 48 Y outputs.
Subtractive tapped resistive readout Subtractive tapped resistive readout - 5 X by 9 Y outputs- 5 X by 9 Y outputs
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
32-bit word32-bit word
12-bit Channel 2 Data12-bit Channel 2 Data
Sign ExtensionSign Extension
Timing MarkerTiming Marker
12-bit Channel 1 Data12-bit Channel 1 Data
Datel PCI416 32–bit Word StructureDatel PCI416 32–bit Word StructureEach 32-bit Word Contains 2 - 12-bit SamplesEach 32-bit Word Contains 2 - 12-bit Samples
Sign ExtensionSign Extension
Timing MarkerTiming Marker
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011
Channels Channels 1 & 21 & 2
Channels Channels 3 & 43 & 4
Channels Channels 5 & 65 & 6
Channels Channels 7 & 87 & 8
Channels Channels 9 & 109 & 10
Channels Channels 11 & 1211 & 12
Channels Channels 13 & 1413 & 14
Channels Channels 15 & 1615 & 16
Event 1Event 1
010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011
1 & 21 & 2 3 & 43 & 4 5 & 65 & 6 7 & 87 & 8 9 & 109 & 10 11 & 1211 & 12 13 & 1413 & 14 15 & 1615 & 16
Event 2Event 2
DMA Event StructureDMA Event Structure16 Channels/Event Are Read Out in Series From Each Board16 Channels/Event Are Read Out in Series From Each Board
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
32-bit 32-bit wordword
010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011
Event 3Event 3
010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101101001011010101010110011
Event 4Event 4
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
1 x 32–bit Word becomes 2 x 32-bit Words1 x 32–bit Word becomes 2 x 32-bit WordsWith Sign Extension and Checking for CorruptionWith Sign Extension and Checking for Corruption
32-bit word32-bit word
32-bit word32-bit word
32-bit word32-bit word
(Pos) 12-bit Channel 1 Data(Pos) 12-bit Channel 1 Data (Neg) 12-bit Channel 2 Data(Neg) 12-bit Channel 2 Data
Timing MarkTiming Mark CorruptionCorruption
Channel 1Channel 1
Channel 2Channel 2
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 1Event 1 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 1Event 2 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 3 – Board 1Event 3 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 4 – Board 1Event 4 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 5 – Board 1Event 5 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 6 – Board 1Event 6 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010…………....
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 2Event 1 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 2Event 2 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 3 – Board 2Event 3 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 4 – Board 2Event 4 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 5 – Board 2Event 5 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
8 x 32-bit words8 x 32-bit words
Event 6 – Board 2Event 6 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010…………....
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 1Event 1 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 2Event 1 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 1Event 2 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 2Event 2 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 3 – Board 1Event 3 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 3 – Board 2Event 3 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
…………....
Driver Event StructureDriver Event StructureWith Two DAQ BoardsWith Two DAQ Boards
Events From Each Board Are Joined in the DriverEvents From Each Board Are Joined in the Driver
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Center of Gravity (COG) Event StructureCenter of Gravity (COG) Event StructureCalculated Values Are Added to the Event Buffer as well as Timing InformationCalculated Values Are Added to the Event Buffer as well as Timing Information
Event 1 Event 1 TimingTiming
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 1Event 1 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 2Event 1 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Detector 1Event 1 – Detector 1
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Detector 2Event 1 – Detector 2
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
2 x 32-2 x 32-bit wordsbit words
010101010101
010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101010010101011001010101010101001010101101010100101010010110101010101100101
Raw Energy Raw Energy X,YX,Y
Corrected Energy X, Corrected Energy X, YY
16 Pixel Energy Values16 Pixel Energy Values
Event 1 – Detector 2Event 1 – Detector 2
3 words3 words 16 words16 words3 words3 words
24-bit 24-bit System System TimeTime
1 - Msec 1 - Msec TimeTime
1 word1 word1 word1 word
Event 1 Event 1 TimingTiming
101001011010101010110011101001011010101010110011
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
…………....
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 1Event 1 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 2Event 1 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 1Event 2 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 2Event 2 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 3 – Board 1Event 3 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 3 – Board 2Event 3 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
Expansion of the Event StructureExpansion of the Event StructureDuring the Center Of Gravity Calculation the Event Buffer is ExtendedDuring the Center Of Gravity Calculation the Event Buffer is Extended
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 1Event 1 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 2Event 1 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Detector 1Event 1 – Detector 1
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Detector 2Event 1 – Detector 2
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
2 x 32-2 x 32-bit wordsbit words
Event 1 Event 1 TimingTiming
010101010101
…………....
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 1Event 2 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Board 2Event 2 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Detector 1Event 2 – Detector 1
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 2 – Detector 2Event 2 – Detector 2
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
2 x 32-2 x 32-bit wordsbit words
Event 2 Event 2 TimingTiming
010101010101…………....
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Data MergerData MergerGam-FileGam-File
• Timing events are identified and used to flag gamma events with Timing events are identified and used to flag gamma events with combined time (10 msec system time and 1 msec event time)combined time (10 msec system time and 1 msec event time)
• Gamma events are stripped of raw data, calibration data, and Gamma events are stripped of raw data, calibration data, and timing data leaving X, Y, energy, and combined time (20X)timing data leaving X, Y, energy, and combined time (20X)
• Energy window applied to eliminate low energy events and Energy window applied to eliminate low energy events and “other” detector data (2X + 2X)“other” detector data (2X + 2X)
• Time window applied to eliminate detector data during gantry Time window applied to eliminate detector data during gantry motion (2X)motion (2X)
• Output file for each detector: Pinhole Detector and Parallel Hole Output file for each detector: Pinhole Detector and Parallel Hole DetectorDetector
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Data MergerData MergerGam-FileGam-File
Event 1 Event 1 TimingTiming
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 1Event 1 – Board 1
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
16 x 32-bit words16 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Board 2Event 1 – Board 2
01010101010101010100100100101010101010101010010010
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Detector 1Event 1 – Detector 1
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
22 x 32-bit words22 x 32-bit words
Event 1 – Detector 2Event 1 – Detector 2
010101010101010101001001010100010101010101010101001001010100
2 x 32-2 x 32-bit wordsbit words
010101010101
Event 1Event 1
0100101010101001010101
Corrected Energy X, Corrected Energy X, YY
3 words3 words
Combined Combined TimeTime
1 word1 word
101001011010101001011010
78 words total78 words total
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Data ReconstructionData Reconstruction
• Gamma events from each projection can be used to create an Gamma events from each projection can be used to create an image for a (static) SPECT reconstructionimage for a (static) SPECT reconstruction
• Gamma events from a planar image can be combined with Gamma events from a planar image can be combined with position data for (planar) motion correctionposition data for (planar) motion correction
• Gamma events can be combined with position data to produce Gamma events can be combined with position data to produce projectionsprojections for a (limited) motion corrected SPECT reconstructionfor a (limited) motion corrected SPECT reconstruction
•Gamma events can be combined with position data for a list mode Gamma events can be combined with position data for a list mode iterative image reconstruction with motion correctioniterative image reconstruction with motion correction
OOAK AK RRIDGE IDGE NNATIONAL ATIONAL LLABORATORYABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
ConclusionsConclusionsThe data acquisition system records two timescales for correlating The data acquisition system records two timescales for correlating
gamma-ray data, IR position data, and gantry locationgamma-ray data, IR position data, and gantry location
System clock provides 10 msec timing for animal System clock provides 10 msec timing for animal positioning and gantry locationpositioning and gantry location
Millisecond clock provides 1 msec timing imbedded Millisecond clock provides 1 msec timing imbedded within gamma ray eventswithin gamma ray events
SPECT System data structure allows flexibility without SPECT System data structure allows flexibility without restructuringrestructuring
Additional data acquisition channels (DAQ boards)Additional data acquisition channels (DAQ boards)
Additional detector channelsAdditional detector channels
Additional crystal elements (pixels)Additional crystal elements (pixels)
OOAK AK RRIDGE IDGE NNATIONAL ATIONAL LLABORATORYABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY